American history tv, all weekend, every weekend. Now, a visit to the cia museum in langley, virginia, where the curator presents collection highlights and explains the Museum Mission of preserving and presenting agency history. We are standing in the memorial lobby of the original headquarters building. Number of has a significant memorials in it. Every visitor to the agency comes through this entrance. Every new Agency Officer takes their oath of office here in this lobby, in front of 107 of our fallen officers. They walked across the agency field to take their place in the lobby. And the father of Central Intelligence is watching over their shoulders as they begin our begin a career for our Central Intelligence agency in our nation. We are standing close to a sculpture of the father of Central Intelligence. Donovan was tapped by president roosevelt in 1942 to head the office of Strategic Services. That organization had grown out of an earlier one hold the coordinator of information, our countrys first nondepartmental intelligence agency, established by president roosevelt to coordinate intelligence with the war growing overseas. The single star behind us commemorates the loss of 116 oss ers who served during world war ii. Piece everyone a sees as a first come into the lobby. Some people do not like to walk across it. Some people will walk around it. In the museums filmed lobby, people crossing the seal. It was an interesting piece, designed by the same group that designed the tool of the to love the unknown soldier. Tomb of the unknown soldier. It has the eagle. We carry on our badge is the great seal of the United States. If you look at the great seal, you see an eagle with its wings spread. It is called an eagle rampant in harold it terms. Heraldic terms. 13 arrows of war for the original 13 colonies. During world war ii, a war eagle looked to the left, to those arrows. After the war, president truman decided we would no longer project a bellicose image. Truman had the eagle flipped. Looked to theagle right, in an advancing position, to the olive branch of peace. There is a defense shield. Intelligence is our countrys first line of defense. In the center, you will see a 16 point compass rose that symbolizes information coming from all points of the globe to a central point. Our Mission Statement states that we are the nations first line of defense. We accomplish what others cannot accomplish, and go where others cannot go. We collect intelligence that matters. We provide strategic intelligence analysis. We conduct covert action at the behest of the u. S. President , in support of u. S. Policy objectives. And we provide worldclass allort services to enable of those functions. Our job is to collect intelligence and to transmit that intelligence via various products, like the president s Daily Briefing to the policymakers, so they can make informed decisions about our National Security. Cia celebrates its 25th, and that is the beginning of the look back over its history. The request to commemorate comes in, and the request to have a modest is him starts as well. The executive director at the time is william colby, and he says, let us look into the possibility of having a modest little museum. ,nd he asks another osser walter, to create a collection. Walter had been asked by allen dulles to create a special collection in the library on intelligence. 25t now numbers over thousand volumes on intelligence. Maybe a quarter are in english. The oldest is a codebook that goes back to 16 of six. It is now walters job to 1 606. It is balders job to build a tangible collection of items. Pieces. By bits and sometimes, people would simply. Rop objects on walters desk not a lot of documentation in the early days. Other museums will appreciate the fact that one of our largest donors is found in collection. The objects we take him today are well documented. Collect theb to agencies tangible heritage and to preserve and document that tangible heritage, which is now over 18,000 objects, and to put those objects in educational exhibits to help give our visitors, and by extension the american people, through our traveling exhibit, our loans to other institutions, our website, a better understanding of the role intelligence plays in our country. We are in our legacy gallery. This gallery is dedicated to the derringdo of the 14,000 men and women who served the cias predecessor, the office of Strategic Services. That organization was our countrys first nondepartmental intelligence agency. The war winds are blowing, and resident roosevelt asks that agencies that collect foreign intelligence coordinate it better. That would have been diplomats posted abroad, defense attaches posted abroad. To fbi receives a brief collect foreign intelligence in the western hemisphere. We know from our history books the coordination was not great enough. President tion, roosevelt dispatches a world war i hero, donovan, to britain, to meet with British Intelligence. Donovan had been meeting in the United States with william stephenson, canadian official assigned to British Intelligence. Was running a covert Action Campaign to get the u. S. Involved in the war. We consider him to be an architect of Central Intelligence, along with donovan. Stephenson cables ahead and asks British Intelligence to open their doors to donovan. He knows donovan has the ear of the u. S. President. Roseman had gone to colombia together. Both men had gone to colombia together. They knew each other. Wrote detailed intelligence reports and gave the president recommendations after he traveled. Roosevelt decides he is going to create a new bureaucracy in 1941. He is going to call it the coordinator of information, attach it to himself at the white house, and have donovan had it. This is established on july 11, 1941. Pearl harbor hits that december. It is reorganized. The overt operations are put under the office of war intelligent of war, and the covert operations are put in an office named covert Strategic Services. Donovan is reaching out to people like you. He wants the best and the brightest in our country. Military. Into the he reaches into academic and private industry. If he has an operation that requires a document specialist, a forger or lock pick, you will reach into prison if you need that kind of talent. This pic sure you are about to see is the first cinematic study of the preparation, arrival, and establishment of permanent cover for secret agents. Over the course of its 3. 5 year history, maybe 25,000 men and women have passed through its ranks. At its peak, 13,000 men and women served. William was a British SpecialOperations Executive major, who had been training the militia in shanghai. He taught handtohand combat, and one of the people he caught was richard helms. Richard helms, before the war, was a newspaper correspondent. He served in the navy as Lieutenant Commander. He had just returned from three weeks of temporary sea duty. He got a letter from a friend that oss saying, you might be interested in applying. He sends back a telegram. Received your letter. Am intrigued. Will be in touch. Helms signs up will stop one of the things he is taught is handed him her using a knife. The trainer even wrote a book called get tough. To first thing he tells you do is bring a gun to a knife fight. Knife not want to be in a fight. If anybody pulls a gun on you, run like the dickens. We will meet richard harms again. He does not know he is going to become director of Central Intelligence in 1966 and served until 1973. Serve until 1973. A remarkable woman was virginia hall, a baltimore native who served as a clerk in the state department in the 1930s, with various postings. Turkey, she had a hunting accident. Caughtgger of her weapon and discharge the weapon into her left foot. Gangrene eventually set in and the doctor was forced to take her leg below the knee. She also had a wooden leg. She was eager to join the diplomatic corps, but back then, there was a regulation that states would not post officers abroad who were missing major limbs. In frustration, she resigned and decided to travel in europe anyway, and got caught in france when world war ii broke out. She had studied in france and was fluent. She stayed. She drove an ambulance for a while. Recruitedrganization for genia hall to be the Radio Operator for an agent network. Allied pilots who had been shot down past through her hands to safety. It eventually, she was betrayed by one of her own agents, and had to escape. Put apo book warrant out, describing her as one of the most dangerous allied agents in france at the time. She had nicknamed the leg cuthbert. For genia, cuthbert, and her radio escaped over the peer and ease into spain. She was chased by hans, the butcher of lyon. Radioed tot out, she london that she was safe, and mentioned in her message that cuts burt was giving her problems. London ofver informed the nickname for the leg. She got back the message, if he is giving you problems, have him eliminated. In march of 1944, the office of Strategic Services inserted occupiedhall back into france two months in advance of dday. While there, she would take cheese that she had made into the local village as part of her cover for counting german troop thements and drop zones for engagement. Other times, late at night, from a different barn each time, as the painting we have in her collection shows, she sent 37 intelligence messages back to london. At the end of the word of the war, president truman invites her to the white house to receive the only distinguished Service Cross presented to a female during the war. This is one of our highest still r valor she is for valor. She is still in france and does not want the attention, so she declines the offer to go to the white house. General donovan presented the award to her three days before oss was resolved. She remained in the field of intelligence and became one of cias first female case officers, retiring in 1966, and passed away in 1982. If you had been a spy during the civil war and needed a piece of espionage equipment, maybe you would have gone down to the local cobbler, and he would have made a special pair of boots with a secret compartment. He would carry secret messages. Ii, we areworld war fighting a Global Intelligence war. Rather than having espionage equipment crafted for the individual, we need thousands of pieces. This necessitates a contract with private industry. The world war ii liberator pistol is a good example of that. Was a contract with the guideline division of General Motors to make an inexpensive weapon that could be airdropped into the resistance. 1. 72 each, about a million of them were made. About 15,000 went to the philippines. Shot 45. Ingle you used it to liberate a better weapon from your enemy. Alled a liberator, or woolworth dime, because of its inexpensive price. Nointelligence, there is such thing as technology too old for operations. In the mid1960s, cia looked back and created what we called a denied area weapon. A dear pistol. The standard ammunition was nine millimeter. Large stocks had been put aside in 1960 one. Gs this Program Comes along in the mid1960s, which specifically makes a nine millimeter weapon to use of the stocks. Styrofoam in with a case, cartoon instructions, no english required. The bullets turned upside down date from bay of pigs stock. No expensive deployment of this weapon. The agency was investigated by congress for alleged assassinations and rogue activities, and these stocks were ordered destroyed. It is very rare to even see one. I know of maybe for agencywide. Agencywide. This is the only one we have that is complete. The final gallery is dedicated to donovans office. Desk, photo above the donovan is actually seated at his desk. This was his desk when he was director. Oss headquarters was darn at street. Down at 2430 e in the eastfice was building. Donovan was the most highly decorated officer of world war i, and the only american to receive our nations highest for honor, the metal of distinguished Service Cross, distinguished service medal, and National Security metal. Donovan was in france since 1918. He is there out of new york. They received in order to pull back. Instead, donovan stands up in front of his man, with his rank showered, a lieutenant colonel. He says, look at me. They cannot hit me, they cannot hit you. They are under attack on three sides. He is wounded in the leg, but refuses to be evacuated from the battlefield until his man and the position are secure. In about five days of action, casualtieson had 600 , dead and wounded. He never forgot the sacrifice, and when he became director of the oss, he insisted his extension be 600. Sears andk, you see a roebuck style catalog called the oss weapons catalog, ap stanley lowells Group Generated in 1942 that went out to various bases and stations around the world. Depending on your operation, you could pick so many grenades or so many liberator pistols, or so many acetone cellulose delay devices, or so many 22 caliber guns. Whatever you needed for your you could finde, it in this catalog. As the war was drawing to an end in 1945, General Donovan was very passionate about there being some sort of a postwar centralized intelligence agency, and he wrote memo after memo to both president roosevelt and truman, advocating for a postwar intelligence agency. But he lost the battle when it seemed one of those memos was released to the press. 1945, donovan received a letter from the white house that said, basically, we loved what you did for us during the war but do not need you anymore. Love and kisses, harry. 10 dayswas given just to dissolve his organization. By october 1945, oss was history. Until 1947, with the National Security act, that we have the position of secretary of defense, the National Security council, the u. S. Air force, and cia. Donovan served on the nuremberg trials for a while. Eventually, president eisenhower names him as ambassador to thailand, but by then, donovan is already starting to show the ravages of arterial sclerosis of the brain, each eventually claims him on february 9, 1959. Arlington to rest in cemetery, up on the hill with some of the Major Military leaders from our countries history. And you would go there expecting to see a monumental headstone to the father ofn, Central Intelligence, the military hero, this highly decorated american officer of world war i. But instead, you will see the ordinary soldiers headstone. But it will say medal of honor on it. You remember young Lieutenant Commander richard helms. We met earlier in the gallery. It seemsd of the war, he may have been one of the First AmericanIntelligence Officers to get into hitlers bunker in bavaria, where he very well could have picked up this piece of hitlers letterhead. The historical record does not indicate exactly where he may have picked it up. Day,on victory in europe he writes this note to his threeyearold son. Dear dennis, the man some might have written on this card once controlled europe three short years ago. He is dead today. His memory despise, his country in ruins. He had a thirst for power and a low opinion of man as an individual. He was a force for evil in the world. Passing, his defeat, a boon for mankind. But thousands die for it to be so. Hells was a newspaperman before the war. He knew how to write. I marvel that this young father had the sense of history to create an artifact for his son. Dennis directs this piece to our collection. We received it the very day that we as well as you heard that bin laden was dead. The price for ridding society of bad is always high. So, when the agency was created in 1947, it occupied the headquarters of its world war ii predecessor, the office of Strategic Services. Those headquarters were down at byron maybe hell. Today, by the state department. It has an interesting story behind it. It seems that eisenhower and his brother milton were on their way home from church one fine sunday, and i turned to his turned and says ike to his brother and says, i need you to see allen dulles at headquarters. The word is, the driver could not find the compound. I imagine the phone call the next day went Something Like this. You people are not fooling the city of washington. The white house drivers cannot find it. Put a sign up. This would be the sign. My job as cia museum director, as you can imagine, is the best job in the world. You are asking me to define the best job in the world. Tois a job that puts me next the men and women of this agency , who on a day to day basis make history through what they do. Through the operations that they run in remote parts of the world , the intelligence they gather from agents they have recruited, who share our belief in freedom and risk their own lives to help keep our country safe, to our analysts, some of the most brilliant people in our country work for this agency, people who could make a lot more money working in private industry, but are here because they believe in service to nation, and excellence. Ofy recognize the courage many of their colleagues, and the sacrifices that they make to collect that intelligence. All of us are stewards of that , whether it is classified or unclassified. It is up to us to protect it. Every day, we touch on agency equities, forces, and methods in the museum. It is part of our job to protect those as well, and not do anything by telling a story that might give away too much of the secrecy behind that operation. So this is a very delicate balance that we play in the museum, is how to tell a complete story, a good story. How to make it inspirational and educational and still keep it unclassified. This is definitely one of our challenges. Day, i have, every asked them what keeps them coming to work every day. And i think any one of them would tell you that it is knowing every day that what you do makes a difference, that by doing what you do in your job, you can move the ball forward. You can help keep our country safe. It is an incredible mission, and it is truly an honor to be a part of it. Part two, we will need spies from the animal kingdom, ca model of the artist and compound where Osama Bin Laden and learn about the president s Daily Briefing. For more information about the cia museum, visit their website, cia. Gov. You can watch american artifacts programs online anytime. Go to cspan. Org history. This is American History tv. All weekend, every weekend, on cspan3. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2014] eight includes Gretchen Morgan some. Moregenson. Subsidizeant to housing, put it on the Balance Sheet of. Nick everybody aware of how much it is costing. Throughn you deliver it these thirdparty enterprises, fannie mae and freddie mac, and you deliver the subsidy through a Public Company with private shareholders and executives who can extract a lot of that subsidy for themselves, that is not a very good way of subsidizing homeownership. Conversationof our and other featured interviews in sundays at eight. Now available for a fathers day gift at your local bookseller. Live coverage of the u. S. House on cspan and the senate on cspan2, we complement that coverage by showing you the most relevant congressional hearings and Public Affairs events. Cspan3 is home to American History tv, with programs that tell our nation story. Anniversary. S american artifacts, touring museums and Historic Sites to determine what articles reveal. The presidency, looking at the policies and legacies of our nations commanders in chief. Which is in history with top College Professors delving into americas past. Railamerica,ries, featuring archival government and informational films. Cspan3, created by the cable tv industry and funded by your local provider. Watch us in hd, like us on facebook, and follow us on twitter. Hours,the next few American History tv will mark the 70th anniversary of the allied invasion of normandy on june 6, 1944. In about two hours, youll have a chance to talk to author Craig Symonds about his book, neptune. First, on friday, veterans joined the granddaughter of Dwight D Eisenhower and the great grandson of franken Delano Roosevelt to reflect on events of 70 years ago. This is just under an hour. The national anthem, played by a brass band]