Mr. Philbrick thank you. Wereeachers our parents teachers at the same high school and are kids were educated by them and it is great to see you. And it is wonderful to be in the Coolidge Center theater with this great bookstore, cosponsored with the massachusetts Historical Society. Which has been an institution that was essential to my life as a historian. Have taken up residence in the archives in every book i have done has been a central part of the information that has come from there. And it is just an organization that is essential to anyone looking into not only the history of boston but this country. And the genesis for bunker hill goes back to the summer of 1984. My wife and i had just moved to boston fulltime. We were living at the north end. That time, i was a feeling failing journalist, but my primary responsibility was to be with my daughter at home. I would push the stroller through the crowded streets of the north end and it was there , at copps hill, what of my ivorite hangouts, that started to wonder what was it , like back then . And i thought of the book i had read in middle school along with many people of my generation, johnny tremaine. Asked,ivated me and i what was revolutionary boston like . So i began to look into the history of boston that year 1984 and on sundays when melissa was at home i would go to the Boston Public Library to look into the history of the city. And soon after that we would end up on nantucket and my growing interest in history was directed to my new adopted home. It was after writing mayflower that begins with the famous voyage, indeed with king philips war between the english of this region, that i began to realize that wanted to continue the story. Mayflower ends 1676 and even during the midst of the terrible battle, it was amazing the governor of massachusetts insisted to an agent from the king, king charles the second, that the king would be wise if anything to give more liberties to those in america. And that their own general court, the laws enacted by that would supersede anything from parliament. It sound like what would be said 100 years later. And it was with that i began to think at some point, i want to continue the story and do something about the revolution. Then i would write a book the battle of little big horn and it was when i was working on that book that i began to set my sights on the battle of bunker hill. From the beginning i did not see , this as a battle book. All of my books are about communities under indoor miss stress enormous stress. Ship, orn a whaling taking a passage into the unknown new world. Those are the kinds of stories i find interest in. And i thought what happened to , the people of boston and the revolution . I knew that bunker hill would be the pivot point and it seemed to make sense i should start after the Boston Tea Party when britain responded with the dumping of three shiploads of tea into boston harbor, with the institution of the boston port act, which basically shut down the town commercially. It sealed off the port. And it would begin with the arrival of the lieutenant and royal governor thomas gage, a , military governor and the 4 regiments of british regulars. And it would take this story of tension as occupied citya through these skirmishes of , lexington and concord that bunker hill was the point that violence turned from a skirmish into an all out war. And the battle of bunker hill was that turning point. When it was realized this would be something more than a dustup to be dealt with it diplomatically. This would move into new and terrifying directions. And what a lot of people think , of outside of boston is when they look at the revolutionary boston, they think of it as the defiance patriots which it originally was. ,but with the arrival of general gage and his growing army of british regulars that would grow to almost 9,000 by the end of became,on, boston instead of the center of patriot defiance, it turned inside out. Cityhey began to flee the after lexington and concord that , created a wave of panic and just bostonians, but people who lived around boston. And they had most of the inhabitants, this was truly an Island Community that has a yearround population of 15,000. , thatink of nantucket boston was an island connected by a thin neck of land known as as 100 yardsnarrow at high tide. It was dominated by three hills of mountainous proportion with a small town of 15,000 people crammed into a group of houses from the north to the south. So this was an island after an island, and after lexington and concorde were concord, there would be 3,000 nonmilitary people left in the city and most of them loyalist, refugees, and a smattering of patriots who decided to stay so they could look after their houses along with 9,000 , soldiers. So boston became a city under siege. And as a patriot militia who was , involved of the skirmish of lexington and concord and going into cambridge and roxbury on either side of boston. And literally surrounded the city. So boston was now the center of was now, formally the center of defiance, now a garrison siege. He patriot seat that was to cut off the city and start it to starve it to death. This would not happen in boston because the english had the british navy. And other ships throughout the harbor. And today the town of boston is now the city of boston and it is almost unrecognizable to the way it was. Many of those that once defined the island were shaved down to fill in the back bay it was back bay. It was water. The river came in much closer than what it does now what is now washington. That was the neck from the south into boston. And this was an island but one of dozens that occupied gigantic boston harbor. They had the men of war and other ships scattered throughout the harbor in strategic areas , and kept the entrance open so that they could get provisions. Provisions from england or canada. This meant, that even though they were completely surrounded by land, boston as the british occupied garrison would not , starve. So it became a stalemate, that been arrested into violence erupted into violence with the battle of bunker hill june 17, 1775. And this was a battle like none other. Terrifying spectator event, for those not only living in boston, but those towns around it, because all of the roofs were filled with people watching as more than 2,000 british regulars made their way across the harbor, and began the assault that would become the battle of bunker hill. So this was something viewed by everyone there. And it would settle into a stalemate that would then have George Washington arrived and it would change everything. And eventually, march 17, 1776, the british would be forced to with the arming of dorchester heights. And i will get to that later. Arc iat was the spark wanted to tell in this story. With the uptick of tensions with the arrival of the boston port act and the evacuation. So when i began this research , almost immediately i realized that the characters i was going to focus on were not the characters most of us are familiar with. Because what was happening as tensions were building in boston, the Continental Congress met for the first time in philadelphia in the fall of which meant leaders such as john 1774, adams and sam adams were out of town when all of this was beginning to unleash. And tensions were escalating with the boston port act but it was really an act that followed this, what of many, the massachusetts government act, robbedocked the town the town and not only of its commercial way of life, but of its province. The town meetings were outlawed. But they had been the fundamental way of life of the town and the lifeblood of the patriots movement. Because it was sam adams who really was the presiding presence as tensions built between Great Britain and the american colonies, particularly massachusetts. But he had a problem. Years after the boston massacre, and unsettling calm was settling and the Patriot Movement was losing steam. And it was in that fall that he instituted the Boston Committee of correspondence. And it was a brilliant move, because he created a network of communication that never existed before, in which a 21 member would write tracks that were then distributed to the 250 towns throughout massachusetts. This is when it included modern maine. This set up transformed town meetings that were devoted to discussing things like repairing roads and bridges, turned them into forums. One of the first tracks distributed was an argument how the natural rights of man superseded anything parliament could determine. And they soon got a bunch of responses from towns throughout massachusetts about why we feel this is important. And suddenly adams had found a , network of communication that was independent of the royal government that allowed people , from massachusetts to talk among one another and share ideas. And these letters began to come in from committees of correspondence and towns throughout massachusetts. And they began to get unusual responses. And one of them, i would like to read one from the book, one response was from a town about 10 miles inland of what is now portland. Claimed ickly be quickly became clear is that there were radicals in massachusetts. Not necessarily in boston but in towns surrounding them. Because many people saw current problems not in terms of representation of parliament but in terms of their freedoms, freedoms they felt had been earned by their ancestors in the blood of the indian wars that had preceded all of this. And i think for the citizens of that town, the fight for liberty, now i am quoting from the book, was not about the frustrations of Parliament Club but about the danger and violence that went with colonizing this ancient and blood soaked land. Our eyes have seen very Young Children weltering in their gore in our own houses and dearest friends in captivity, they wrote. Now goreham just 16 years before was attacked in a native parade anda several people raid several people had been killed and objected. So this is fresh in their minds. And were using our daily bread and therefore we cannot be supposed to with policy. But we look with horror and indignation on the violation of them. Have used andmen handled the cartridge to load the muskets and the swords have not grown rusty. Washat they had discovered if these tensions moved them in the direction of violence, the militiamen and all the 250 towns of massachusetts were there for them. And if the words from goreham as 1773, they were an indication these people were willing to fight. So tensions would uptick of sam adams and john adams and other leaders were a way on their way to philadelphia at the end of august and Early September 1774. And thomas gage was put into an impossible situation. He might have had a chance at convincing the people to pay for the t and to begin to respect the authority of parliament, if they had stuck with the boston port act. Royaley came up with the act, replacing people from their and they went crazy. And many were attacked, forced to flee into boston and he decided these tensions it is at this time come awarded and they rounded up the gunpowder. And they were in powder houses all around the province. And to gauge it was determined to get the pattern powder out of the powder houses. In the Early Morning hours he sent to soldiers in boats up the river and the operation went on without a hitch. They were able to get the powder, take it to castle william, where they were stockpiling it. And it went off without a hitch, except a rumor was spread. And those spread like wildfire, that as the british were there and it was part of cambridge, they fired upon militiamen and several people were killed. It had not happened, but that was the rumor. And the rumor spread throughout the towns of massachusetts. And this is Early September. Suddenly, the entire region erupted with a call to arms. And hundreds, then thousands began to stream into cambridge. And it began that night and all the next day, cambridge began to fill up with thousands of militiamen. And they learned that it was a rumor and there was no violence, but here were the people in the middle of cambridge and it was a volatile crowd. And these were country people that turned into the rabblerousers. And john adams and sam adams were not there. They needed somebody from the Boston Committee of correspondence to show up and calm things down. This moment, a new person began to reemerge as the boston revolutionary movement. A young doctor named joseph. He was 33yearsold, and he had been an acolyte of samuel adams , from within a decade. And he had gained more of a public presence and he was a different type of guy van sam ndams type of guy van tha sam adams. Sam adams almost two decades older. Andy had charisma about him. Into what to read a passage in my book that describes him, because you have a young, 33yearold man joseph warned who steps to the front of the Patriot Movement. Here is his background. Where samuel adams was part political boss and part warren was two decades younger. He was often seen wandering the streets when he was a boy. Of four brothers, he was recognized as an unusually gifted boy. When he was 14 he began his studies at harvard. The follow that year his father was picking apples when he fell and broke his neck. His youngest brother john was just twoyearsold at the time of the tragic event. And one of his first memories was watching his fathers body carried away. With financial help from friends , he continued at harvard. And later served as a surrogate parent for his brothers particularly for john who recently finished medical apprenticeships and was now a doctor in salem. At harvard and is pursuing extra curricular activities was to evident. He performed a play in his dorm room and he joined the college militia company. A classmate told the story of how he responded to being locked out it even meeting out of a meeting. Instead of pounding at the door, he made his way to the roof, went through a rain spout and climbed in through a window. Just as he was making his entrance the stock collapsed to the ground. Shrugged. This was a young man that dared to do what should have terrified him. At harvard, he showed an interest in medicine. The great talent for students at that time was finding human cadavers to dissect. Luckily, he was a member of the , whoof medical students regularly went to graveyards and braided raided them in search of bodies. This game of capture the corpse was the perfect Training Ground for the future revolutionary. So this was a leader with a difference. And he would be successful in ingline tempers cool temperatures. He would be instrumental in writing the suffolk resolve, which would make their way to the first Continental Congress. Be approved and pushing the congress into a more radical direction than they probably wouldve gone. And then his time continued as a leader in the movement. He would become a member of the provincial congress, that colonists put together to provide them with some sort of organization organizational force as they prepare themselves for potential violence. It would be warren, who on the night of april 18, would give paul revere the famous orders to tell the countryside that the british were heading for concorde. Few,e was one of the probably the only commit patriot thestill in boston only patriot leader still in boston. He would cross the river the next morning into the committee of safety. He would join the fighting on the battle roads, as the british that had made it to concorde, father way back toward boston, and fought their way back to boston, and he was right there in the fighting. He was a very stylish stressor and he had a pin holding up the curl on the side of his hair. And a musket ball went so close that it knocked out the pin. This is a sign that he was a leader to everyone, that he was willing to put himself in a dangerous path. After lexington and concorde, chamber and roxbury filled with militiamen and he would be elected president of the provincial congress. He was also the leading rights of the committee of safety, said he was an effective leader of the legislative body and executive body. He was overtaxed in terms of what he had to do, but his standing was so high that people in massachusetts felt there was no one else who could do it. A 33yearold man. By this time, his 4 children and a new fiance were in worcester. And he was in cambridge. And during those 60 days, he was overseeing the creation of an army. And when the battle of bunker hill approached he was named a , major general. And so from the beginning, he had decided if it should turn to war, he wanted to be in the fighting. He would be at the battle of bunker hill and he would die at the very end of the battle, and thus become a hero. And because he died, many of us have never heard his story. And just a word on the battle of bunker hill. It began as a mess. It was not supposed to be that way. It was a battle named for the wrong hill. It was a hill that they were supposed to have the battle on. The patriots knew that the british were planning an attack and in hopes of delaying that, they built a fort on bunker hill, to the north of the peninsula. It was about a half a mile away from where the monument is now. But for reasons we are unsure of, William Prescott built therefore, not on bunker hill, but on breeds hill. And when general gage woke up the next morning, he felt he had no choice but to attack this threat. So the fort that was supposed to delay the attack provoked the attack. Into this battle unfolded, causing all sorts of mayhem. And it would become the buddy list data bloodiest battle of the revolution. More than 2,000 british regulars were involved. And they suffered casualties close to 50 , which is devastating. This would be a british victory, technically. But as the general who was on the ground during the metal during the battle would admit, it was a victory bought by too many lives. And washington would arrive. It was a great relief to find out that he was not born with as that statuesque person staring at you from a dollar bill. This was a young washington arriving from virginia. And he was appalled at what he found. A group of 30 soldiers, none of whom were disciplined or interested in following orders. Washington decided he had no choice but to attack as soon as he could. Unfortunately, his soldiers were not the best trained and he did not have the gunpowder that he needed. And his decisions to attack where luckily, for all of us, were opposed by the council of war. But he was always pushing and pushing. And he provided a really kind of electrical force to an army that was in disarray after the death of joseph. And finally with the occupation of dorchester heights, which is a great story. Henry knox going to ticonderoga , and returning with the cannons placedof which would be at dorchester heights, forcing the evacuation of the british. And then boston went from being a city that was occupied, to being a city that needed to pull itself together. This was a devastating experience for everyone. And 9,000 Soldiers Left along neverbout 1000 loyalists, to return. And bostonians would filter back. And the city was beat up, many structures burned as the british bostonians by and large survived. I would like to end by quoting a sermon delivered by reverend Samuel Cooper on april 7 1776. His first after the evacuation of the british. Much as we have seen boston in the last few weeks, his had been a community that had seen the worst of times. But they had made it through. And so he delivered the sermon. This quote serves as the epigraph for my book. It is a short one, but i think it serves a point. Boston has been liked the vision of moses, a bush burning but not consumed. Thank you very much. [applause] nathaniel do you have any questions . I would be happy to try and answer them. You feature a number of characters that are not household names. You talk about Joseph Warren, his fiancee you did not talk about, but wonderfully described in the book, joyce junior, the customs inspector malcolm a wonderful cast of key characters. What was your process on settling on those historical characters as opposed to others that were more known, or were thought of, but you rejected . Nathaniel thank you. This is from dr. Samuel forman, whose biography was a huge help to me. Thank you sam. [applause] thank you for the question. It was a story that was full of surprises for me. I kept discovering these characters. There is this joyce junior character, who appears in a Nathaniel Hawthorne short story in a fictional form, but a kind vigilante dressed up in a costume. Batman, like an evil that sort of thing. And organizes patriots in tar and feathering. He describes himself as the chairperson of the committee of tar and feathering in boston. In my first chapter i described the tar and feathering of a customs agent, john malcolm. It was a horrifying clear that happened in january 1774, one of the coldest days of that winter. Tar oney would pour hot his naked flesh, place feathers on it, and dragged him around the streets of boston. On occasion beating him up for hours until they dumped him at his house in the north end. To be in bed recovering for six weeks, but he would live. And his younger brother daniel, who had died several years before, had been a foremost adrian. And had been a foremost patr iot. We can see how this divided families. We think of it as patriots versus british. But bostonians were very divided. It was a truly traumatic occurrence. Yes . Nathaniel, i still have not read moby dick. I still have to one of these days. Thanks to dr. Foreman a year ago i have lived in boston for a year and a half. Ina new yorker. I am rooting for the next tonight for the knicks tonight. They dont need my help. [laughter] after the batter of bunker hill, i heard of this character Joseph Warren. My sister has lived in boston 40 years. I have visited every historical site in new england in boston several times. Never heard of the man. Showedemans reading this is one unique human being. Since then i have talked to a number of native bostonians. And i am amazed at how few of them have heard of Joseph Warren. Thanks to your book, which you did not send me an advanced copy of, so i just got this yesterday nathaniel [laughter] my apologies. You talk about two charismatic men, one from massachusetts and one from virginia. I understand the one from massachusetts is Joseph Warren. Why isnt there a bridge named after Joseph Warren . ,eading further in your book there was a bridge named after Joseph Warren. Can you tell me what happened to it . Nathaniel my understanding of what happened in boston 1776 is very thin. But Joseph Warren was a hero of his day. He was a revered icon of the times. And he perhaps would have been a founding father he has lived. Father if he had lived. But he didnt live, so he did not become part of that pantheon that is so wellknown today. But a loyalist that theyre not appreciate Joseph Warrens efforts gave him some of the greatest price. Some of the greatest praise. This was years after his death, he said that if Joseph Warren had lived at the battle of bunker hill, washington would have an in obscurity. Tot shows how pivotal he was the events that created our country. Right, he is largely unappreciated. There is a bridge in boston that i think should be named after Joseph Warren. Nathaniel okay, we will talk to our congress to, right our congresspeople, right . [laughter] i have one more question. Do you know where the famous statement was made openheart do fireire was made dont until you see the whites of their eyes . Nathaniel it may never have been set at the battle of bunker hill. The one reference i saw documented was someone saying dont fire until you see the white of their splash gators. Does not have quite the same ring. Interesting when you think about firing until you start seeing the whites of your eyes, that is very close. [indiscernible] nathaniel yeah, and in my account of the battle that was the basic tactic the patriots were using. They did not have a lot of gunpowder. They were dug in. Those provincial soldiers knew that they had to make every shot count. Their officers were telling them that they had to wait, they had to wait. They also had to aim low. They listened to those orders with absolutely devastating results. Hi, first of all i wanted to say i enjoyed your book in the secondlythe sea, and i am a descendent of mercy scully, who did eventually marry. My question is about your description of 9000 troops in boston, british troops. Wondering if before a lot of people left what the population was where there more than 9000 boston residents or less surrounded, than that . Nathaniel what happened was the city got turned inside out. An army approached 9000. There were about 3000 socalled civilians of the time, a flood of the loyalists, eight lot of them loyalists, some of them just caught in the middle of this. The population close to what it had originally been, but now it was made it was soldiers. They turned a meeting heist 28 writing school, they turned a Meeting House into a writing school, ripping out the pews. The ultimate indignity. The green dragon, the tavern that had been the patriot nerve center was turned into a hospital. The city was beat up. It was a city of military occupation. For all a real trauma involved. I would so. Thank you. Nathaniel thank you. Yes . You had 9000 british troops and they had chips they had these ships, why did they stay in boston . They could have gone up or down the north and south short. Why did they stay in place . Nathaniel that is a good question, and one the british asked immediately after bunker hill. They said hey, what are we doing here . Boston is not a strategically placed city when it comes to carrying on a war. Hill, gageer bunker needed is to gage made a decision to relaunch to new york. And that is where they went that summer. The British Parliament agreed with them. By that summer the decision would be made that they would evacuate boston anyway. That is one of the great ironies, that the british decided to leave. There was no need to attack, but the americans did not know this. Prior to all this, the british had made an attempt to show their might on the naval bases, and had burned the town of falmouth, which is now portland, maine. And a striking fear into parts of new englanders, it angered them to such a point that they understood it wasnt helping their cause at all. What they are finding is what happens to any empire that finds it is conducting a war in which they have to attack civilians. It is hard to feel good about those kinds of wars. That is what the british found themselves in the middle of. It wasnt the situation any of the british soldiers enjoyed. In fact, it was a horrible duty that would become the graveyard of many an officers career. I have a question about the primary sources that you use. You bring so much like to the stories. It is not like they are new sources. When you go to the Historical Society, how do you find so much vitality in them . Nathaniel for me, it is all in the details. It is finding those traits and characteristics that bring a person or situation to life. You have to go to the primary sources to find him. In the case of this, the sources are extraordinarily rich. Familyers of the war and stillthe Warren Family exists at the Historical Society. Takinges on who he was care of at what time, what the prescription was, and it runs up till april 1975. That was just the beginning. That is just the primary source material. The diaries are wonderful when it comes to bringing the past to life. Not only were these people witnesses, but you have their voices coming through. Those can be a great help. The other interest in source not nearly as reliable or the newspapers. The newspapers all had a political axe to grind. But combining them from both sides, you can get sides of a story that were not revealed from other sources. That is the greatest challenge. Get as balanced and approach as possible balanced an account as possible. I asked about the warren memorial. If i am not mistaken there are several warren streets. If anyone in this country whose first name is warren is actually named after Joseph Warren the way people may be named after George Washington. And i believe those that are named wayne are named after a revolutionary war general. Messhe building at the General Hospital at the mass General Hospital has been named after Joseph Warren and a line of doctors in the war in family in the Warren Family. Would you like to comment on that . Them i correct in that ascension . Nathaniel i am not sure but that might actually be the case. It is like archaeology. En was such a popular name in the early 19th century that it got passed on. Where that came from is an individual case. The point you made is that Joseph Warrens younger brother john found mass general. This was an exchange this was a capable family and was fun generations of leading doctors. This was a person with talent that went way beyond any one t hing. In many ways Joseph Warren was a victim of his talent. He was doing everything in those final 60 days of his life, as he ran from one crisis to another. About my books leadership, it is interesting to see washington is in and as a different kind of leader in the vacuum left by Joseph Warren. Do things firmly in a way that settles things down. Times have changed from a growing revolution into a that will a siege ultimately turn into an eight year war. That takes a kind of different temperament and skill set. Survived, how helpful he would have been to washington. Washington had real trouble when it came to recruitment at the end of the year. He basically lost most of his army. New englanders were not used to taking orders. And when it was done, they were going to go home. Washington did not have an warrenve gobetween, and would have been perfect at that. Well thank you very much. [applause] on history bookshelf, hear from the countrys bestknown American History writers in the past decade every saturday at 4 00 p. M. Eastern. And hear any of her programs anytime when you visit our website, www. Cspan. Org history. You are watching American History tv, all weekend, every weekend, on cspan3. Before the second debate between Hillary Clinton and donald trump, we are looking to past president ial debates saturdays on cspan at 8 00 p. M. Eastern. Tonight the 1992 townhall debate between president george h. W. Bush and arkansas governor bill clinton and businessmen ross perot. You can pay a dollar an hour poor labor, have new pollution androls, and no retirement, you dont care about anything but making money, there will be a jobs sucking sound going south. If indeed jobs were going south, it is because they are lower wages. And they have not done that. Thest negotiated with president of mexico the north American Free trade agreement. You have to reduce the deficit by Controlling Health care costs, cuts in domestic programs and asking the wealthiest corporations to pay their fair share of taxes. The debate between former Texas Governor george w. Bush and Vice President al gore. If our National Security is at stake, if we have analyzed and have tried every other course and are sure that military action will succeed, and that costs are proportionate to the benefits. I dont think we can be all things to all people in the world. We have to be careful when we commit our troops. 2012 debate between bravo, and between barack obama and mitt romney. Getting north American Energy independence in eight years, you will see jobs come back. We cant just reduce traditional sources of energy, we have to look to the future. That is why we have doubled Energy Standards on cars. Any car that you buy, you will end up going twice as far on a gallon of gas. Watch past president ial debates on cspan. Watch anytime on www. Cspan. Org and listen at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on the cspan radio app. Tonight, author Allison Kibler talks about the history of eight speech and censorship in america. There is a preview. Birth of a nation appeared in 1915 and relations to race and culture. I spent work going back to the earlier plate that is considered the basis of the film. So a decade before. Klansmanay the appeared in 1905. In his work he portrayed the suffering of whites and advocating a return to supremacy through vigilante violence. It features hoods and robed figures that administer what is as seen as justice in the play. Areasis seen as rebutting be just a Harriet Beecher stowes famous work uncle toms cabin. Y acritic called the plat perverted mixture of truth and falsehood. Depicted violence on stage against africanamericans. But in the first year of its tour, neither of these claims was the basis for censoring the play. The play is not stopped even though there is significant criticism of it. The play was controversial for inflaming racial antagonism, but was not banned in any city until the aftermath of the atlantic race riots in 1906. Watch the entire lecture tonight at 7 05 p. M. Eastern on American History tv. Every weekend, book tv brings you 48 hours of nonfiction. Books and authors. Here are some of our programs. At 7 00 p. M. Eastern, Hillary Clintons email conversely the topic of a panel discussion. Clinton cash, the author of partners in crime, and author of clean house. Then an outline of the daytoday work of u. S. Diplomats and cables in the book the secretary leaked cables in americas Foreign Policy to connect Foreign Policy disconnect. Are going to be a part of government life. The speed and multiplicity at which we communicate not only allow cables, but short emails, tweets all of that is going to be part of the body politic. On sunday at 6 45 p. M. Eastern, nobel prizewinning economist on the future of the euro in the euro how a common currency threatens the future of europe. Go to book tv. Org for the complete we can schedule. On American History tv, university of akron Political Science professor Daniel Coffey talks about the importance of ohio in president ial election. She is the author of he is the author of buckeye battleground. The Historical Society in hudson, ohio posted this hourlong event. [applause] thank you for having me here. As you can tell from my voice, i have a bit of a cold. My voice is wearing thin. Of course i have water so that should help. Dan coffey from the university of akron. I am going to talk