Resonated with a lot of voters if he can just stay focused on that message and stop getting pulled in to these attacks, namecalling, inside controversy. Hillary clinton and senator king getting criticism. Some say the some say the two were over prepared for their debates. Is that something the Clinton Campaign is aware of . Yes, very much so. A lot of the Hillary Clintons shortcomings during the first debate were overshadowed by donald trumps. But a lot of Trump Supporters i talked to notice them. Saying that she seemed robotic and scripted and the little to forced. All things she has been working on. All think she will continue to work on. And tim kaines performance did not go over well. There has been a lot of criticism of that. Again, all of those things i have to think are being internalized by the Clinton Campaign as they get ready for the next debate. After the first debate donald trump telegraph that he might go after bill clintons past indiscretions, will that be a topic . Will he will he bring that up sunday night in the town hall . With donald trump you never know. He says that he doesnt plan to bring it up. He actually sent a statement to the New York Post page six, yes, the gossip column and told them that he wants to win the election based on his plan for the future not bill clintons past. He plans on staying focused on the issues. Well see if he can stay true to that. Especially if Hillary Clinton starts attacking him on some of the things he has said about women over the years. That seems to be his trigger point for lashing out to her on issues with her own marriage. In your conversations with the trump and Clinton Campaigns, what are you expecting to see sunday evening . Thats a very good question. Im expecting to candidates who are going to be cautious in the way. They both know that this format could backfire on them. And that i think youre going to see them going out of their way to try to connect with the people who are asking questions, state to their talking points and not create any controversy that can take away from what they are saying. Speemac washington post. Com this is the headline after ten days of turmoil donald trump signals he will try to focus ahead of the debate. The reporting of jenna johnson, her work is Available Online and in the newspaper. Thank you for being with. Thank you for being with us. Thank you for having me. It tonight on cspan two, will hear from the wto director general on Economic Growth. After that, parts of todays annual meeting of bank ceos and federal regulators at the institute of international finance. Later, the american arab antidiscrimination committees Convention Looks looks at issues affecting muslims in the u. S. Congress returns after the november elections for its lameduck session read on the agendas legislation to extend that funding passed december 9. They also plan to work out differences between house and Senate Versions of aid to flint michigan to fix their contaminated water system. Also built to promote medical research and develop cures as well as funding for Defense Department but programs. Watch the house when members return on november 14 on cspan. The senate on senate on november 15 on cspan2. Wto Director Director general talked about the slowing growth in global trade in efforts to address it. This is about one hour. Welcome to the National Press club. My name is thomas im the 100 ninth president of the. Many yo i like to welcome our public radio and cspan audiences. And remind you that you can follow the action on twitter using the and pc live. Before we begin i wanted to offer the congratulations to colombian president juan santos. He was awarded the nobel peace prize. He was our guest at the club three years ago where he talked about ending thewh halfcentury civil conflict in his nation for which he won the nobel prize. We will briefly intrude do guess. Please stand as your name is announced. Please hold announced. Please hold your applause until i finished introducing the table. From your right, rachel oswald, the, the foreignpolicy reporter for cq roll call. Elliot feldman, a partner at the law firm with the International Trade practice. Em jan, a liaison for the Ronald Reagan building and International Trade center and president of deplane global enterprises. David, david, advisor of the director general. Myron, former International Bureau chief of the Associated Press, adjunct professor at George WashingtonUniversity School of media and Public Affairs the 100 seventh of the National Press club. Tim, the chief of staff of the principal adviser to the director general. John hughes, editor for, editor for bloom better year words and the 100 eighth president oror of the pres club. Eric, senior news production specialist at the Associated Press and the committee whore arranged his luncheon. Keith, spokesperson director of information and external Relations Division of the wto. The director press and ralph junior director of the China Program at the Eurasia Center a Vice President of the Eurasia Center. Thank you. [app [applause] just last week, the wto announced that global trade for the year would be significantly lower than predicted. Cutting its forecast to 1. 7 down from 2. 8 estimated last april. Typically trey grossed gross 1. 5 times faster than the gdp. Wto director general roberto said the slowdown should serve as a wakeup call particularly because of the growing sentiment. He said we need to make sure this does not translate into misguided policies that can make the situation worse. At the wto public form last week he made a case for the importance of global trade but noted the benefits dont reachs as many people as they should. On said the proper response is to make International Trade work better not to tear up bilateral and multilateral tradedebila agreements. Both president ial candidates in the United States have been critical of trade deals withdeai Hillary Clinton saying her views have shifted on the transit the partnership when the finalions document didnt meet his expect her expectations. Donald trump said the trade deals are his disaster. Trump sa trump said if he is elected he will pull the United States out of the wto. Well talk today about the importance of trade for america in the world. Rect or roberto served a fouryear term. As a ambassador he held a degrea in electrical engineering. Please join me in welcoming roberta out the National Press club. [applause] [applause] ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon. Im truly delighted to be with you today. Very happy that we started this gathering with a delicious meal which is the typical resilient dish. Very thoughtful of you. Have my n thank you very much. It is an honor to add my name to the impressive list of speakers who have addressed the National Press club over the years. The list includes monarchs, president s, prime ministers, bum also campaigners, thinkers, celebrities, and radicals. In the argument i will make today has been made by many president s and prime ministersen over the years but in the current climate it is actually beginning to seem radical. Im here to make the case for trade. In doing so, i must say that ii feel much better today than i did about a year ago, back then it felt pretty lonely to talk about trade in the benefits of it. Now, i think the catchy and often illinformed argumentsof that we are hearing have encouraged others to speak up. Let me say one thing. I also believe that trade is imperfect. Despite the obvious overall gains can have negative effects in some parts of the economy and those effects can have a big impact on some peoples lives. My argument today is we must correct those shortcomings. We must work harder to spread the benefits of trade further and wider. Wi we must help those who have lost out there who have become marginalized. Traying th but, we would be betraying those same people and many more if weg just turned against trade and allowed the negative arguments to go unanswered. Ame in america will be vital here. It was American Leadership that open the Global Economy to trade after the Second World War as a means of building a more peaceful and prosperous world. It is American Leadership that can move us forward now. The u. S. Is a large part the author of the global tradinggl system that we have today. I believe this should be a source of pride. It has had a very positive impact globally. So lets look at the case for trade. Most economists except that trade has proved to be one of the most powerful progrowth and antipoverty tools in history. In recent decades it has helped to lift 1 billion people out of poverty in developing countries. This is a historic achievement. Trade has improved peoples lives in developed countries asr well. Besides the world bank found that income grew more than three times faster in developing countries that had lower trade barriers than those who did not. In the us, estimates show the gains from globalization have raised real Household Income by up to 10000 annually. Trade means more choice for consumers, it means lower prices, it means the dollar in your pocket goes further. Companies that trade are morede competitive, they export jobs, they pay more tween 13 and 18 more here in the u. S. At the same time talking about the benefits of trade is of little comfort to someone who has lost her job here in the u. S. , for example. So it is important also took now that trade can cause dislocation and create uncertainties in some sectors and communities. In addition, there is a perception that trade only serves big companies. In that Smaller Companies and those who cant compete are lef. Behind. While i would dispute much of this is certainly the case that the benefits of trade dont reach as many people as they could for they should. The overall benefits of tradee l mean little to someone who lives in a poor country and lacks the means to export. Perhaps with todays disappointing Global Economic performance we should not be surprised with the rise in antitrade sentiment in many countries. The u. S. There has been a strong reaction to initiatives like the tpp or to issues like the current overcapacity in thee steel sector. I think we do have to act to respond to peoples concerns to the very real problems they represent. We should we should not do so by attacking trade or any other mythical scapegoat. This requires a much clearer view of the challenges before us. The charge that is often levelet against trade is that it sends a jobs overseas. Particularly in manufacturing. As i have said, trade can cause displacement that we need to respond to it. T. But the fact of that should not be overstated. Actually trade is a relatively minor cause of job losses. The evidence shows that over 80 , or eight and ten of the job losses in advanced economies are not due to trade. But to increase productivitylo through technology and innovation. Output in the u. S. Manufacturing sector continues to rise to record levels but technological advances have meant fewer workers are needed to produce more goods. And where jobs are created those jobs, those vacancies require a more advanced set of labor skills. The reality is that jobs are ata risk today due to technological advances there without nearly impossible a few years ago. Big take trucking. Theyre trucking. Theyre currently over 3,500,000 Truck Drivers in the United States. And many more job supporting those drivers. Providing coffee, food, motel rooms and so on. No Self Driving Technology is set to transform that picture dramatically. Companies are looking to develop the self driving trucks. When that technology does come on stream, in a few years times how are we going to adapt . How will we respond . You can assess same question about many other lines of work. Studies suggest almost 50 , half the u. S. Jobs are at high risk of automation. This is not just a rich country problem, theres a study in cambodia, indonesia, vietnam, thailand, from the 56 of the jobs in those countries are at high risk of automation. Thats on average. In some sectors over 80 of jobs are at risk. In japan there are 315 robots per 10000 workers. In china that numbers 36 but rising. The u. S. The u. S. The number is 164 which is relatively low but it is set to go up. This is a real economic revolution happening today. Many will find it unsettling and that is understandable. Like trade, technological project dress is for sustained growth and development. The answer is not to reject the forces its opposite, we must embrace these changes and learn to adapt. The wrong diagnosis will lead to the wrong medicine. In this case, all too too often it is suggested that prescription is protection. This medicine will not help the patient it will hurt thet. Patient. Protectionism will do do nothing to address the reals challenges we face and would cause many more problems besides. Preventing imports would not prevent innovation, even if itit did, that affect the beach is slow Economic Growth even more. Jobs would be lost throughout the economy not created. Another regions economies that embrace innovation will prosper and dominate the production of highend goods and services. Let me outline a few reasons why this approach is so flawed. First, protectionism protectionism hits the poorestst the hardest. For consumers by more importedre goods and are more sensitive to prices and changes in prices. A joint study by ucla and columbia found that people with high incomes could lose up to 20 of the purchasing power if the borders were close to trade. 20 is a lot at the poorest consumers they could lose up to 63 of their purchasing power. The whole range of consumer goods are vulnerable to this effect. For example, if youre if your smart phone was made solely in the u. S. For example the price would rise. The only question is by how much. Some estimates are 10 others 100 . So competing smart phones and other countries that are produced in other countries would dominate globally. Second, protectionism is an ineffective and very expensive way of protecting jobs in the later part of the 20th century the e. U. Protected various Industries Including steel, agriculture, textiles. The french economists analyzed this approach. He found that the average cost per job saved with severalth hundred thousand euros. Per job. Or about ten times the corresponding wage in each of those industries. It was a similar story when the u. S. Supplied tariffs on chinese Truck Drivers in 2009. Around 1200 jobs or say. This came at a cost of 1. 1 billion in higher prices for consumers. That works out as a cost of about 900,000 per job. Th the Pearson Institute estimates these higher prices resulted in around 2500 job losses in the Retail Sector due to the slumping sales. Protectionists is a very bluntvt tool. If country a puts tariffs and goods for country be, the jobs dont simply reappear in country a. They most likely would it by from country c or d. Third, protectionists solutions do not reflect the nature of the modern economy or the International Nature production. Most goods are made in one country, most experts have components that have been imported. U to you by restricting imports you restrict exports as well. It protectionism is a twoway street. It it leads to a retaliation in the domino effect. Understand the president of the United States and Franklin Delano roosevelt was a good friend of the National Press club. When he picked up his membership. 1933 shortly after his inauguration retaliatoryad straight trade restriction had just wiped out two thirds of world trade space of four years. So for these reasons and moremoe protectionism is the wrong medicine. It wouldnt address the ailment we are trying to cure and theat current economic context it would be damaging. We are a dramatic slowdown in trade growth. Last last week is the president mentioned a revised tradeed forecast for the year, i would expect to trade growth in 2016 to to be 1. 7 in this and be the lowest rate of expansion since the financial crisis. It would mean for the first time in 15 years trade growth would be lower than gdp growth. There is a range of factors behind the poor performance, sluggish Economic Growth is the primary cause, we can best meet activity could be an issue, protectionism is actually relatively minor factor behind it but it unquestionably poses the big or the biggest downside risk, so i think there are essentially three challenges before us, first, we need to ensure the benefits of trade reach further and wider. Ed a moe we need a more inclusive trading system. Second, we need to break out of the pattern of low trade growth and third, we need to respond to the economic transfer information crated by technological innovation. We need policies need policies which are designed to respond to these challenges, and i think there are two levels in which we can respond, first at the level of domestic policy and second through systemic reforms. Let me say a word or two about each. Starting with domestic policies. While trade has has fueled growth and development around the world it is the task of domestic policy to ensure countries are ready to compete and disseminate the benefits of trade in an equitable way. I think governments around the world are now recalibratingth their approach, there there is a common realization that more can be done in that business as usual is not going to suffice in the years ahead. It is clear that there is no single recipe for all countries. So lets forget the onesizefitsall approach. Whatever the recipe we must understand that action is needed across government. It cannot be limited to trade only. Given that unemployment is not strictly or mainly a trade issue trade measures will not address this disorder. More active in labor market policies will be essential. Nanco they must look at finance policy, education skills, improve support to the unemployed. We should learn from where things have been done well. Countries such as singapore, denmark, south korea, they have adopted adjustment programs with great success. We can learn from that. E for sp the ocd average for spending on labor market policies is 0. 6 of gdp. Some countries allocate less than this in some considerably more. Denmark spends 1. 5 of gdp on labor market policies known as flexicurity. This combines greater labor market flexibility with enhanced unemployment insurance. It guarantees 90 of the previous wage when an employee is laid off. The regeneration of pittsburgh is another good example of an active response to the challenges we are discussing today. 990s, the city appeared to be in serious decline in the mid19 nineties, the mid 80s im 80s im sorry, with the drop in jobs. S. But it has recovered to become a city of innovation. The private private sector, local universities and others worko together to help diversify the economy. They put put a focus on high growth sectors like robotics, medical technology, defense and and innovation like self driving cars. The result is been renaissance of the city and more jobs. I think more active and creative approach at the domestic level can deliver a great deal. This will require Political Leadership and commitment. This must be done at the global level as well. Al let me now turn to the global systemic response that i think we should be working to develop. Over seven decades the world has built up a record of momentum towards open trade with the u. S. As a leading advocate. Now the momentum has slowed and it has affected Economic Growth globally. We need to put renewed vigor into that effort if we are to respond to the challenges. We have to act to kickstart trade growth and ensure the system is open and available to all. Technology has already disrupted how we trade. Commerce is worth about 22 trillion last year. The internet has the potential to bring millions of new entrants into the market. Many many entrepreneurs in the developing world have succeeded in selling their goods and services in foreign markets is still today, less than 50 of the world is online. How do we respond to that connectivity challenge . How do we help Enterprises Leverage technology so the marketplace doesnt become third reserve of the big players. How can the system adjusts from a shift of the world a few, large, known, known exporters to a world in which exporters are many, they are small and unknown. How can we ensure this transition works for consumers. Furthermore how do we promote growth in the people out of poverty. Initiatives to increase trade capacity in developing in these countries will remain vital. We must continue delivering new trade reforms through the wto which help everyone compete and benefit. The wto has been through. Where delivery of such reforms would have seemed impossible. For years, no agreement was struct, it seemed like allst action on trade was moving at te elsewhere. At the end of 2013 we started to change that. Since then, the wto has delivered a number of significant deals including, bue not limited to the trade Facilitation Agreement to cut trade cost in red tape which could boost the Global Exports by up to 1 trillion. The Information Technology agreement which eliminates tariffs on a range of generation of it products, trading which is worth about 1. 3 trillion each year and a deal to abolish export subsidies. Sin these are the biggest reforms for 20 years. The biggest sense the wto was created in 1995. All of this has been delivered since 2013. We have seen a boost in engagement in our work as a result including for the private sector, there is a clear sense that the wto can do more and a desire among members to keep delivery. As well as discussingike longstanding issues like ache or industrial goods andmbers ar services, members are also looking at a number of other issues and so the discussion at the wto is connecting with the challenges that i have put on the table today, specifically how to open goods and Services Trade to new players in developing countries, how to to ensure support for small and Medium Enterprises and how to apartment harness the power of e harness. We are still at the early stages of the discussion but engagement is high so is ambition. Whatever we do next it will be the first step, there are other encouraging signs, and number of members are working to include the environment a goodsye agreement by the end of thisdi year, where the u. S. Is playing a very key, leading role. This is a Great Initiative which highlights what trade can do for sustainability and for thehe en environment, and addition many countries including the u. S. Are interested in moving work for the wto on an agreement to limit harmful subsidies that lead to overfishing. It is worth noting the recent run of it wto deals reflect a variety of types of agreements so we are doing multilateral agreements, we have agreements like the trade facilitation, one which allows the great deal of flexibility for members on how they do commitments and provides implementation support and Technical Assistance where it is needed. That kind of pragmatism will help us keep delivery negotiatet results that continue to foster development, inclusiveness and growth. There is a lot to do, we need to be clear eyed about the challenges in the economy if we are going to design anse. Appropriate response, i think we have the tools to act. I think we have one critical challenge which is that we havee to work harder to make the credible, wellinformed and balanced argument for trade. My concern is not that anti trade arguments are being made in public. My concern is the echo that they track from people. That echo is loud. We cannot ignore them. We have to hear them and respond to them. There is is a responsibility on leaders, policymakers, academics, you, the the media, International Organizations to reflect and respond. We have to work harder to ensure the benefits of trade are widely shared, we have to work harder to explain why it matters and to do so in clear terms, recognizing their both benefits and challenges, we are going to be doing this more and more over the coming months, the wg tl is joining forces with the oecd, the world bank, and others to produce new research to help make the case. To paraphrase churchills comment on democracy, and i am really paraphrasing, open and rulesbased global trade may be the worst form of economicept f relations except for all those other roof that have been tried from time to time. Trade may not be perfect but its essential. Its up to all of us to make it work better. In this effort i am convinced that American Leadership will be more important than ever. Thank you all. Lause]. [applause] an on the podium magicallyng. Disappears. The thank you very much for being here. You insert a lot of the questions we are going to talk about. Ts you m i think we can get more in depth with some of the points you made in your speech. Given that tomorrow is four weeks away from the president ial election in the United States, well start with political questions. As you mention, the antitrade sentiment the anti trade sentiment in the United States has made international all trade a subject of this campaign. Donald trump appears to oppose all trade agreements, Hillary Clinton is struggling to reconcile her instincts to support free trade with the put occult reality. Have you thought about the potential impact on the wto if there were to be a President Trump or president clinton . And the deputy out Political Leadership is important. At the end of the day it is an Intergovernmental Organization which governments which are driving the agenda in one way or another. Like the engagement and leadership of countries like the u. S. , the u. S. Is a major player in the wto. It is fundamental. I think this discussion just needs to be clarified. When we talk talk about trade, when we talk about unemployment, it is easy to blame trade. You you can see the imports, you can see the culprit very easily. But we have to put things in the wrctive. Like i said in my presentation, the wrong wrong diagnosis leads to the wrong medicine. Raising trade barriers to deal with unemployment in advanced economies in particular is the wrong medicine. It is a shot in the foot. It is not going to help the problem, it is going to aggravated therell be more job lost and not say. How do you get to that as. Speech . How do you explain to the factory worker in ohio that he didnt lose his job because of nafta or another trade group . How do you change this prevailing sentiment that its trade that cost them their jobs . Its no comfort. Its no comfort for them. And thats why governments need to work to help this transition. Saving a job in a particular been a two or three been invited more than that, the perverse effect of protectionism is that youre taking dollars away from the poor people. The more, the more reliant you are on your salary, on your been we need to ensure that the person now lost the job with that technology, leverage this that the gauntlet will supported them for your job or to help the and, of his family while he is finding a job. Fan is so k. Off if youre how r 930 is okay but if you are 50 is a big blow. And some countries have dealt with that one way or another. Singapore or denmark the netherlands then all went through this is this much cheaper to support a job then try to save it. Talking about a couple of things dash it happened like a safety net with these trade deals . Absolutely you have to take care of those that are hit by this phenomenon. 3. 5 million truckdrivers will be hit it is the matter of when, not if. What are we doing now . Rs, it is about the truckers but those in direct services that are there in the market to support. Millions of jobs. Nt say, well, those that would leave the jobs but the reality is all of the entrylevel jobs they are all disappearing. It is becoming tougher. It is an only support but training the young people shows thmarket. Today it shows when you enter the university i had it job in mind. Indefinitely not this one laugh laugh all together different. And in those years today you enter the university when you finish it may not even exist any longer. So quickly a and even if you get that position it is from when you for started so all of those changes we are not thinking about this enough. Major Party Candidates agreed on the opposition of the Transpacific Partnership or the tpp would injure position on the agreement with those implications . Trade stabilization margaret happened is good news. It is contagious so i and im absolutely for an agreement that facilitates trade to allow more people to participate that is something we should all push for in the United States and everywhere in the world. So i definitely want these things to work. To but what i have to tell you is a dozen surprise me when these are their. Journal with the journalist and a the academics, how would you gondle that . This will all be solved in the Bilateral Agreement i said wait and see because anybody that thinks the trade deal that bid will happen like this has not been doing trade longth enough. It is physical, a sensitive sensitive, politically charged, all of these are meaningful menu is heated debate so that does not surprise me at all that theyre having a hard time. What happens if tpp fails quick. I am the wrong person to be asking. I would do my best with the wto with those reforms that our necessary ardennes in the way that we can. Might help is we can do that multilaterally those that have done or negotiated that can inspire the world of the print la lets cut it from this provision from this agreement and transplanted into the of rulebook. Donald trump has often claimed that china has the fixed Exchange Rates to fill valueless dollars. And has a strong gary economy than the united t states. Claims . I know about his claims. But i can tell you those debates are extremely complex. You can see one country trying to fix the exchangely rate is usually a byproduct that leads to a number of outcomes. D sometimes of course, that greater competitiveness. Are having we are having a conversation about the Exchange Rate fluctuations as sakes exchange that and discuss that but an extremely complex conversation also because mathematically to be overvalued or undervalued. It is a complex conversation tau you cannot take measures only in the short term. Ork only if you really want to be significant. With those critics of globalization blame trade for the loss of their job. Not e but that is the common pot it is trade and not manufacturing changes. In what at actual reason is they are disappearing . Those were at high risk of automation are likely to disappear. Bank tellers, accountants, god knows a bunch of things. We look for a journalist by the way. [laughter] so that is very suspicious. So once rightly of 150,000 employees and that was due to instead random that had course, e working. With the ministers and he was there and everybody agrees this is a problem especially because the obvious consequence is what do do with the unemployed . It it is that the school problem. The because this is not what is causing these unemployment due to the imports. That is less than 20 . It is much easier to blame trade to say we have a flawed system of education and Social Security and flied domestic policies. That is difficult to make. Not a problem in united faates. And theyll face the same problem. Out how to adapt. Can the wto do more to support job training for the manufacturing jobs . We cannot implement those policies. But in that includes a but in developing countries it is 90 . Ore to be much more productiveve much more in efficient. And latino is a very high of the small and mediumen enterprises not only one or two countries but some small and Medium Enterprises provide employment to companies they dont even know they are part of this. There are a number of things that we can do and then you just multiplied several times. With the international nation lea did you think the pound will continue to lose value . In i dont know about the future of the pound. K, a clear r there is a clearof perception with the future of the u. K. Is where theyre open to the world. That they want to be a free trade economy. Hy and that is a healthy view anyway. Ot sure. Five m not sure it is not certain. D everybody i told you now that a lot will depend dahlin the terms of separation at the wto i am working really hard to make the transition have been as smoothly as possible it is better off with this new transition. And then you have to talk to either members that will have to be negotiations between the u. K. And other regional agreements. And with those question mark send of pitcher. So that frame of mind is free trade in the right frame of mind. How involved will the duty you to be to provide that forum in various countries greg. And we are all exploring these opportunities with all the support that is unnecessary to explain the alternatives in the likely scenarios. He and whenever we can do to facilitate the position. So both governments you mean he you and you k. . Yes. Does the dignity you support the workers rights provisions of all International Trade agreements . We dont have specificons in provisions in the rulebook. It was discussed in several locations it was a big issue for discussion. In this very polemic and very controversial but we are constantly in touch with those that do have a more direct role of those labor standards conversation. K and then to understand withfe the relationship of trade and labor that trade is not lead to a race to the bottom. T were not and we are not directly involved. Had you believe the South China Sea is onn International Trade . Gi very indire that relationship between the two with trade in general that it flourishes of of a economic environments the more predictable or stable of the political environment the better it is for a the economy or investors or trade that is the most that i can say in his ability and with his relationship with trade. With those International Sanctions of russia of backandforth are they concerned if it threatens it itrade deals . Is sometimes brought to the attention of the general counsel the sanctions or the measures to be affecting the stability and economic stability. We offer a forum for conversation and for them to figure out. And in general we understand that day are at the higherh political level and what wean can do with the wto. And with the political under current. Hings certain things we can helpt to solve the issues that they have to be dealt with directly. Filing a dozen complaints against china you recently filed a complaint that there weiss and reeked and corn crops that is the unfair advantage to the chinese imports . Air advantag what about the complaint . This is possibly one of the biggest defense i was a young diplomat in the early 90s and i remember quite well of the environment was extremely contentious with unilateral actions here and there with the barriers the rice and soybeans. And with no outcome. With the spiral of those retaliations. The battlefield system was did not designed and engineered. We have Record Number of disputes in 15 years a little more than that. Twenty years. 500 disputes that have not been heard by the mechanism. It is impartial in his predictable to large extent thinit is not politicized but they should resort to that. Is good news. The pitch right to solve their differences not by the regulatory measures with the solution to the end more than 90 percent of those cases of the wto mechanism and had been implemented to figure out a way forward but that is a success story. The change in the goinlaint since it was filed how would is going . To make this specifically. I dont want to buy the way. Wto. If you ask the wto the one the he does immediately that this is a highly technical process. And it works well. I dont even talk about i do. If it is a minister or head of state, one thing to talk about that. I have to learn from you i can talk about that. Ha [laughter] you, sir, q will the wto pursue millions of dollars for the violations . Id it is part of the peace process. So when i was a diplomat for brazil, we have to situations where they would impose stations but into a furnace opinion even more that retaliations dont help anybody. But they are a good incentive. Usually what happens when disputes those long drawnout disputes, it does not have the power they were not in compliance sielaff to adjust your regulations it does not say how. So that is up to that country. Rr so we end up with the authorizations. Solution is so you sit down instead of getting high numbers of retaliation. And then find a solution. They have been found to be in retaliation. S, so it and they should be the solution. To ask her native country brazil. Any thoughts about returning to brazil to help resolve the crisis . As a brazilian with the brazilian government to move forward and have a way for word. With the recession. I really do hope that they can find solutions. Lod it is up the unity. To go through geneva to stand up behind a key objective with the Economic Growth. All i can do is know that this is a successful endeavor. The final question. Rather fleeting professional organization for journalists