Host beginning on book Tv Documentary filmmaker recalls impact of his Television Series on the Civil Rights Movement eyes on the prize is the name of the book and the Television Series. This program contains language that some may find offensive. Host [applause] im going to be up front. I am really intimidated. I thought i was intimidated by you. I want to give a little bit of background. The filmmaker was a legendary filmmaker and here she was a crew member on that and they would talk about john as the sort of wifi that passed the asian litmus test. So i never met him but the next time i ran into him, i was at monaco and john was there and she congratulated him at the macarthur fellowship. I was actually working on the film within and it was a because what he did is we gave him a camera to film his everyday life for a year of his senior year in high school, the style and everything were making the producers quite nervous and so, i liked the final cut but people were not sure how it was going to fly and i cant remember who it was that his name came up and as somebody to look at the film and give feedback or a stamp of approval. I think i got a call from you. It was very short. I think first was it is great. The second one im never going to ride on a city bus and look at kids in the same way and third was the rap music at the end sucks, take it out. So we took out their crap music and anyway, the next deal was he brought me onto uc berkeley and he followed in the footsteps and filled up a program and brought me into do some consulting so i finally got a firsthand look at the methodology. Id been there for quite a while and i think it was last year or two years ago we were just sitting around talking and he said im going to write a book. And i dont know about you all, but thats the last thing that crosses my mind is going to imo write a book. But, you know, here it is. [laughter] said, i want to introduce jon to read a couple passages. Its amazing to be here. Looking around the room, this is the party i always wanted to have. Half the peoplhave the people we eyes on the prize, the mothership of books, what a great wonderful way to bring this book into the world. Thank you. To set the stage i assume you may have heard eyes on the price but i will read the first four pages to give an introduction to the series was about and this extraordinary man Henry Hampton who was the creator of eyes on the prize that i worked on for about ten years and from whom i learned how to be a better teacher and a better human being and filmmaker and just about a better everything. So, this is about four pages, so just settle back and let me see if i can make it through this. Throughout 1964, 65, selma alabama had a state of siege broken by the sudden explosions of violence and finally on march 7 bloody sunday. The 24yearold africanamerican Henry Hampton sai hampton set og broad street towards pettis thie together with this kind and a thousanthousand other mergers ly Martin Luther king. A quartermile ahead there were Alabama State troopers flying by the sure clerks. He was on business since i the employers in boston and strikingly handsome and athletic with a leftbrace he had worn since childhood he had a hard time keeping up with the group and began to worry what might happen if he fell behind and fell prey to those in the heard but then he realized a halfdozen citizens had by his magic formed a protective circle around him moving towards the troopers on the other side of the bridge he called it my own personal honor guard. Only 48 hours before they determined those like Henry Hampton would never have a voice in alabama and had sat at savagely beaten and they cheered from the sidelines. Outraged clergy across the nation answered a call from doctor king and leapt into action and the director of information for the Unitarian Universalist joined hundreds of other northern ministers. Now the new march was on in violation of federal judges order headed for another confrontation. Crossing the bridge they solve the troops across the highway bearing the marchers to come forward still on the bridge near where they had beaten him unconscious two days before, doctor king suddenly stopped with a meltdown while abernathy led demonstrators with half a dozen ministers standing around so that he wouldnt present a clear target of a sniper. When Henry Hampton and the others didnt know it was their way to destiny that he brokered a secret deal with the white house only hours before a day would stop at the county line and go on to fight another day because they desperately needed the federal courts and president johnson on their side they were loath to violate the federal judges injunction against montgomery. With a sinking feeling he saw them turn around and we to see this through to the state capital back into selma and what had begun as a math expression of courage and moral witness ended with a retreat before the forces that had smashed the march all to avoid passing off the president. He suspected that the National Politics caught up with the clarity of the Civil Rights Movement. Unfolding before the news cameras and a turnaround march h that afternoon was a harsh lesson of the politics resonating into the shadow of its already famous big brother bloody sunday. They would live to fight another day but as he went back to sell and support o support onto suppn the jumbled tactical strategical political moment, henry thought to consult some day someone is going to make a great story out of this. 20 years later on a february night in 1986, two decades after the battle of selma, Henry Hampton at the curbside at the airport in his youthful days as a cabdriver how many latenight fares had he picked up a slogan . We were on the seventh month of production of eyes on the prize americas civil rights years and i had 99 flights in Economy Class on the hampton air force mostly over the woods in alabama and georgia to film the aging but soldiers of the movement. Tonight he wanted to talk so for the next couple hours we drove around boston in the miserable freezing rain. Hed always been a softspoken voice with a heavy smoker but this night i could barely hear him. We parsed the progress of bodies editing by the chambers and stopped at an allnight drugstore for henry to pick up the largest bottle of antacids that ive ever seen. Unpaid lab pills they were still in angry revolt over late paychecks and they wouldnt stick up with the money to complete the civil rights Television Series. I could see the agreed story someday someone would tell was dragging him down. He was rung up from throwing himself at the mercy of the blank Corporate Executives who never intended to give him a dime to tell the story of the Civil Rights Movement. All his energy went to the fundraising he hated. Hed just turned 45 and in the last few months his syndrome had begun to weaken. In happier times filming in mississippi and alabama and latenight drives planning and civil rights restaurants, eyes on the pies are talking about the fathers epiphany i epiphana and about my own days in selma asome ofthe same went for the se freedom and small but mounting the trees for the struggle in south africa. We pondered whether Martin Luther king could have been elected president and asked where did he get the arc of the moral universe that have been gone to justice. I followed him up the stairs to the black side office with folders stacked high and the poet on another, gondhi in the corner into the great rambling mess of a desk at the convergence of the force fields. He spread out dozens of rejection letters from corporations and foundations, sink down into his chair and said why dont they just give us a fucking money . With the money merely a mechanic producers and researchers hard at work the archive materials coming in with a full head of steam wed run out of money. It was the end of the line. It should have been easy. Six years before his first attempt to produce the great story of the civil rights for commercial television ended in humiliating failure and now i have a second try for pds was going down in flames and taking him with it. He and i knew if w we lead off e staff monday morning and turn off the heat, closed the doors, history would expire forever. We stocked up the rejection letters and called it a night. The next day he arrived at the Office Around noon and told me that hed gone to his bank and was risking personal financial ruin for the sake of the story and have mortgaged his house. He got just enough cash to pay the payroll and call the creditors to keep working for lr those two weeks until pbs and the Ford Foundation came in looking at the Tipping Point grant and Henry Hampton was at a loss. [applause] so, why write a book . [laughter] documentaries are too hard. I never intended to write a book during my time in the movement in the south or the 1960s or i kept very poor notes. But in 1998 and about five years ago i began looking around and i thought i is on the prizefighter should be an operating manual on how to do this, how to make these giant complex series about equity and equal justice and the expansion of democracy and i assumed somebody was writing a book but no one was. So i started out. Fortunately, there is an archive at Washington University in st. Louis where i was able to look at all of the interviews we did up roughly 200 interviews per eyes on the prize to look at all of the companys tax statements i was able to find. I never did find a diary but there were plenty of papers of lawsuits i was able to go back into my own files and find legal depositions from cases that i was involved in in mississippi and georgia. By then, i pieced it together. I had just come off an extremely difficult train wreck of a documentary that ended in utter failure and i thought writing any because to be easier than any film. But how wrong i was. It is a different process and it took four years of working on it. Its a different animal. You can pack an enormous amount of information that can never aggregate on the screen or film that you are kind of up against it when it comes to direct sensory experience do you get tt in the films. I tried to write if chapter on freedom songs and this movement that we would have walked into with enough freedom songs and on the page is just a bunch of words to songs but in the film you can put them in the church and selma alabama and turn the volume up and you are transported. Writing a book is refreshingly solitary. You can do it anywhere. I can in the cafe in Silicon Valley or go to la interested on the beach and write. But i have to say i miss the collegiality of making films together with a lot of you in this room ive done that and also the physicality of making films is quite something. Youve are in and out of vehicles, you have all of your gear into peoples houses and you are loading and unloading into setting up lights and cameras and if you are lucky you finish at 9 00 at night and take it back and if you are lucky the coffee shop isnt yet closed and if you are not lucky you have to get something for your room and turn around the next day to do the whole thing. I dont know what im going to do next if i will try to make another film or write another book. They are both incredibly satisfying frankly. I have a question. If some of you have a book and you read the text eyes on the prize the landmark Television Series that reframed the Civil Rights Movement and then theres the title true south, whats interesting about that kind of concept is actually in reading it its the structur hits the se book as i kind of see it. They are all interconnected. Henry, john, the Civil Rights Movement, the truth south, its all kind of interwoven together and eyes on the prize. So, if i was going to attack Something Like that i might just do one, like civil rights. So how did you come up with this structure . We should have just published the cover. It might have been a lot easier. First of all, the original title was messy history and the vikings publisher said youve got to be crazy. [laughter] then i came up with true south h end today . After its because this was a whole bunch of northerners making frankly making films about civil rights in the american south. We had some southerners working with us but it was mostly from new york and california so i raised the question. I did manage to sneak in one sentence that has a question mark after it, after true south. This is also not the photograph i wanted on the cover. They said its going to sell and thats fine with me. My only problem with this photograph is that it the old md the movement and the south was driven equally by men and women and it seemed odd to me. But i started out the book without myself in it. Im not one to put myself in the foreground but it suddenly seemed completely disingenuous. I had dropped out of college in 1964 to go to mississippi to work on the Voter Registration. I decided not to go back to college, stayed in the south, joined the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. Scommittee. So i was an activist in the partisan. When i joined the staff to make eyes on the prize for it seemed odd to write the story without acknowledging my own involvement in both of those. I love doing complicated stories. Im just cursed with wanting to told three or four stories up once together. One of the things that made the car and its interesting in film its easy to flashbacks and audiences would understand. They understand what the flashforwards are into the Technical Work of writing is difficult beyond belief for me because as we will see, it jumps around in time. Its all over the map. It goes from 1955 to a discussion about the murder in 1985 and to the filming of the cousin in 1987 and then back to the time i first learned in 1963. Its all over the map and that was difficult to pull off. Youll have to tell me whether it succeeded or not. Henry is such a larger than life figure. Can you talk about what drew you to him and a little bit of his back story because its crucial i think. I could call out a whole lot of people in the room but i want to mention one that worked with us at the very beginning of the project when we were getting rejected by everything and one person that was at the very back was with the Voting Foundation who was just incredibly gracious and stepping up to the Early Development of eyes on the prize and the early funders are gods gift to us. At the other end of the project are the people at the pictures in San Francisco that suffered through making our series logo and i think still have not been paid. [laughter] i will give you a free copy of the book. [laughter] so, Henry Hampton. Its interesting when gwen eiffel died in a great loss for all of us. I thought Henry Hampton, if you took the smarts and the warmth of gwen jo ifill and combined tm with the smartest guy in the room caught the warmest guy in the room, he was also the most fiercest visionary in the room at the time i was working on a eyes on the prize i was doing a lot of work with the young steve jobs and california. Commuting back and forth between boston and shooting in Silicon Valley. Harry was more fun to be with them steve, but there was a driven similarity between the two. He was born in segregated st. Louis missouri in the 1940s, grew up at about the mosabout the mostprivileged lifk man in the segregated st. Louis could have. His father was the director of the hospital for colored, he was a surgeon and henry had i evolvd as a young man coming he had the sort of africanamerican version of a Norman Rockwell growing up, new car every couple of years and in 1955, two things happened. This star athletes was actually going to a Catholic High School in st. Louis. Two things happened. First was the murder of emmett till where emmett till, 14yearsold, traveled from chicago down to mississippi to visit his uncle, he talked fresh as they said to the store owners wife and a couple nights later he came into the became ie sharecroppers home and abducted him, beat him severely, murdered, shot him, threw him in the tallahatchie rive river ande fisherman founinto thefishermana week later. Emmett till would have just vanished into this pool of souls in mississippi at which there wergift which therewere hundredt time. With his mother in chicago insisted on having an open funeral casket and the press took notice, the black press in america and also finally the Mainstream Press in america begin to notice. Then there was a trial in mississippi with 100 reporters attending into was the equivalent of Michael Brown and ferguson and of eric garner in new york and the National Media attentioNational Mediaattentionn social media today. Henry was rattled beyond belief by a picture of emmett tills savage face that appeared in jet magazine. I never heard of him growing up, its white kid in sacramento. But his entire generation was the till generation. Henry discovered his mission with the murder of emmett till. But by the time i met him that same year, he was struck by polio. That was the year of the great polio epidemic in the united states. His father actually had the salt vaccine in trial form in his office but they didnt want to use it on his own family. He woke up one morning and couldnt use his legs. He was a quadriplegic and worked his way back to regain the use of his arms and one leg and walked with a brace the rest of his life. So those dramatic events when he was 15yearold on the verge of a stunning adult hood his sister told me was the person he ever felt rejected. I think that informed the rest of his life. He was a guy that inspired literally hundreds of filmmakers that came through the company in boston. Its no secret he tried to make eyes on the prize for commercial television. He launched it as a giant 26 part series for abc. It was a complete and utter failure, it was a train wreck partly because neither Henry Hampton or anyone else at that time knew how to make fees historical documentaries. This was years before ken burns and the American Experience and before any of those that we now take for granted and he didnt know what he was doing. Okay. So, when it was really long to 1985, is he was wise enough to go to Public Television which didnt make the ratings demands commercial television had. He hired a whole bunch of experienced people and we send off a couple of years doing it independently spent a couple of years after that on the tough history from 1965 up to the 80s with the black panthers and black nationalism and affirmative action. In the same way that he was influenced by his upbringing, the parallel story in Sacramento California heading off to yale. You have to imagine in the early 1960s it was like the plains of texas. Went to a great Public High School and i got accepted to the university i was so out of my league dale john kerry was in my class striding across the campus like he was already the secretary of state. I felt so at ease and with it i was already out of my league but at the same time, this was the early 1960s and there was the moment of two things were two te happening. Television news was there and the Civil Rights Movement was exploding. They were about to break over america. We were in a dorm room with a bunch of guys in the winter and you turn on the television and here are these freedom writers getting on buses and beat up and people getting shot for trying to register to vote in mississippi. The contradictions in the american democracy were so vivid and obvious to us after i had a Great High School civics teacher in sacramento and everything he taught us is now flying apart it seemed the wheels were flying off of america. So, you sort of put and not do anything. But the trigger was on an extraordinary man named bob knows is organizing a project in mississippi comes was the first civil rights worker to work at the heart of the iceberg in mississippi that was the toughest territory for the Civil Rights Movement. Bob came up with a plan together where they were not making any progress registering in mississippi. There were people they worked with being killed and arrested by the hundreds. Bob was arrested and beat up and they thought what this is all happening in the dark down here. The nation doesnt know about this and if washington simply nuke them if the democratic party, if Lyndon Johnsons party you what was going on down here, things would change in the legislation would get past. We have to bring the spotlight on to mississippi. How do you do that, you bring students from colleges up north and when they come in to mississippintomississippi the ns is going to follow and this will become a National Story and we can take your case to the Democratic Convention at 64. So we went. I was recruited by the firebreathing chaplain. We forget that there was a church led movement. I wake up some days thinking where is the church, where are those progressive basis. They were ministers of the gospel. So they had recruited a whole bunch of us including down to mississippi in the fall. Barney frank was in the group. Lieberman was in the group and i went down for the summer of 64 and sure enough the press did Pay Attention to us and there was a proxy come true. There were three young men kidnapped and killed, two white civil rights workers and james chenechaney a young black man fm mississippi. So i landed and spent the summer and i was a long way from sacramento by that time. But being down there, the contradictions were even more apparent than i had seen up in connecticut and at the end of this summer, at the funeral, the Memorial Service i decided i couldnt believe i had to stay in the south. So i signed on to work for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and went to the National Office in Atlanta Georgia and i got assigned to psalm of that winter. Can you talk a little bit about your whole henry has a background coming you have a background, how the two of you came together. Henry and i had both been in selma and 65 that we didnt meet then or discover that until years later. I was actually working with colossal pictures working on a special effects unit on top gun and shooting cocacola commercials and giving a big science series for Public Television i think sarah worked on that. I noticed in the bulletin in those days we didnt have social media so you actually got printed newsletters that came in your mailbox. There was a series to be made and i thought thats great i would love to be part of that so i called the phone number and a friendly guy answered the phone. He said if youre ever in boston come on by and see what we are up to. So i had to go to meet with the series for this upcoming project with him and i went over where henry and his staff were having their first production meeting is about to begin. I walked in the back of a dark Screening Room and at the moment they were watching the state troopers into the sheriff attack the marchers on the bridge and id just come from working in the office in atlanta and his office was down the hall from mine and there was john lewis getting beaten halfway to that end i decided right then i had to work on eyes on the prize and whoever this guy was, this was what i wanted to work with. So the lights came on, admit him, shook hands, went for a drink that night, he offered me a job, i took it on the spot and the next day i started working on eyes on the prize with this old building that was our offi office. Can you talk a little bit about that experience with how henry developed this method in how you are sort of thrown right into it . This is what is his second try. Not sort of, it is. We all knew this was the last chance and if we succeeded, this would be the first and fo in foe moment the definitive documentary about civil rights and we kne know also people were dying, the people within the warriors in the Civil Rights Movement for passing away. So yes, the black side method, henry, one of the reasons he formed a Company Called black side and one of the reasons he set out to tell the story as he was uncomfortable but he was uncomfortable with whites alone telling the story of the black Civil Rights Movement in all the previous work had been done by virtually all of the production crews in new york and los angeles. There were big debates. One of the mainstays judy was a woman that id known and workedd with in the south and was on the staff. There were several of us are activists and thathatwere activs another discussion we could have should the partisans beating the partisan movement. But julie argued that it should be done by an allblack Production Team and what a statement that would make. This was a fine piece of work and it would be astonishing and a real win. He argued that because the Civil Rights Movement involved white people and black people in both men and women and the National Audience he was desperate to reach a mainstream audience, he really wanted to reach all americans so he thought they had to be made by all americans so there was this crazy system he picked up where each onehour episode is directed by two people, a man and woman a and a black person and white person into that became known he wanted people to hash it out. He said we have secrets from one another. They say tha say the law i say g you say another. We have secrets from each other across these great gaps of jen her and race. He wanted combat and wanted people to have to work this out in the editing room. It was brilliant and what it meant is that there was no single truth to any one of these stories. What happened in Montgomery Alabama with all the men and women that organized the bus boycott there were many ways of looking at the story and he thought this was the way to get at several of them at once. It was incredibly efficient and cost a fortune. You know that big bottle of antacid i was talking about clarks i mean, henry confided with his sister that it was just driving him to his grave. We try to do that at the graduate school of journalism you try to get them to argue stuff out. At times he was just simply abrasive. There were screeching tires and you could hear her yelling coming out of the rooms. He finally got tired of it about eight years later i think we were during the Great Depression or something and he said i cant do this anymore. There has to be one person in charge, one director. They remained about half man and half women. The rest were everything from asian, white, frankly i try to carry that method over into my teaching what they wanted his students and alumni that are running documentary programs and universities across the country and i think they all try to do that. The other thing i found interesting is that before you even started, he had a school. Like school was in session and you were brought on a lot of you not even knowing what your role were specific job was. Its a great leap of faith from the crew you have to want to go with this guy. He had a force field that was just irresistible and if you amplify buydown movement there was just no way that you were going to the states that. Othat. The other device besides the black side method there had been a series that used it with talent from the bbc and it was produced with an amazing and tragic epic. Ken burns is about to release a new version of that. The stories have to be retold by new film makers of regeneration and that is fine with me i think that is absolutely true. He hired a bunch of folks from the Vietnam Television program. What they did remember this is the early days of doing historical series on television. They were complicated and its supposenot easy when you turn te television on. One of the devices that came from the series was a thing called school so if you are going to do something on the Civil Rights Movement i would do not call on the expertise of the folks spending their entire lives studying the subject if you were not there, you could be in the movie. We were 20yearsold from the movement. It takes its ups and downs in the big turning point was the Voting Rights act of 65 and at the time we were 20 years out froyearsoldfrom that there har amount of scholarship to look back and think what does this means we brought all the people that had been reading books into the activists they sat around for ten days to figure out what is the history here, what is the force of nonviolence, eyes on the prize. It was incredibly energizing. That is exactly what this was and that was incredibly expensive and incredibly i wont say efficient but it burned up a lot of time and that was the picture defeat fixture nobody can afford it anymore. In the book you describe the struggle of the parallel movement. I may have overstated that. It was a lot t beard and the rit to vote. I worked at the National Headquarters in Atlanta Georgia in the mid60s and the two officers were startlingly similar. The roof leaked in both buildings. You have to worry whether someone was going to come by and throw a ball we didnt sit near the windows in mississippi or georgia we didnt have to worry about that. They have the same layout and people were wandering the halls. Julijulie was a legend working h us and bob moses came down the hall one day. The two greatest similarities between my recollections of the movement int and the days in bon is the constant relentless struggle for money. My job was the northern campus coordinator i was supposed to be raising all this money it was incredibly difficult. I voted to raise the money and to spend taxpayer dollars prize on the prize which was the episode about why the state had arrested me 20 years before. We shared the apartment upstairs and very seldom left the building. We might go for a walk around the neighborhood but you get up in the morning and walked on fly to get to five flights of stairs into the activism and bloodshed and eating and complicated legislation and messy history to get a bite to eat and come back to work again until supper time and cook some chicken and then go back downstairs and work again. And the same was true it is driven by the same craziness. And book theres also this tenacity like this very driven parallel of getting people for the Voter Registration and then 25 years later, trying to get people to go on camera and tell their story or try to even find those people. So it feels like the same tenacity and drive. You have to understand when i was trying to register voters in mississippi, my presence on the front porch of the sharecroppers houseman danger for them. I was going to leave and they were going to be stuck there at the end for the mercy of the Deputy Sheriff into the sheriffs would often follow around behind us and talk to folks sometimes come on before us. Trying to get the movement to talk to us henry was determined. He wanted to put them at the forefront of their own story and he felt they had concentrated on doctor king and his charismatic leadership in washington coming to save the folks at mississip mississippi. He knew perfectly well the Civil Rights Movement was driven from below by tens of thousands of ordinary people who decided to take charge of their own destiny. Even doctor king was a 26yearold minister but nobody heard of him in Montgomery Alabama so he was a vocal leader to make that system succeed. The problem was that no one had interviewed him. It was easy to find diane nash. We had a huge Research Team and a lot of it is to get a phone book from mississippi and you begin looking through it until you find coming you call love can sawhatyou say is this mrs. L and one that waone that was arrs in 1965. Mrs. Blackwell by the time had been an activist in 1964 arrested by the local sheriff and went back to interview her about her experiences and she was the mayor in mississippi. Those of you that a documentary filmmakers i have to give a shout out to the longsuffering sound people. When you are giving interviews, traffic is a problem. She lived in the little town of about 5,000 people and there were trucks constantly going by. So she had been arrested for trying to register to vote and she picked up the telephone and called the sheriff and told them to stop traffic on her block so that she could be interviewed about why the previous sheriff had arrested her 12 times. It is a dangerous story to tell because it makes you feel like it all ended happily and everything is great. A lot of the others as we all know are all being undone but that is not what you asked. [laughter] i wish Orlando Bagwell could be year because hes one of the interviewers but when we were not getting a whole lot of sleepy and we were short on wages and rations if you pla ine bathroom to become like nashville tennessee, he would make a point abou it a point toe night before with whoever we were interviewing and he would talk for hours, he would walk around town. They would get the lights up, the sun is moving some of the lights are changing. We have tickets to the next interview and never allow them to be rushed. He just completely locked into the moment with mr. Ebbers in which she describes being at home in applying and had hearing her husband murdered and shot to Death Outside of the door. It was only after hours of sitting with her in the living room while the crew was getting more nervous they spread out photographs on the floor and finally she looked in her eyes and we locked eyes and knew that it was time to talk and she sat down in the chair and did this in one take. We should talk about these interviews a little bit. Henry felt very correctly the movement is about white people and black people and he really wanted to give voice. It was hard getting them to ta talk. We tried to get them but we didnt obviously. To their everlasting credit they granted us a very candid interview coming up with a little weird for me sitting there as an outside agitator i was one of the hippie scum he was talking about but he was very forthright he didnt try to polish things over. He was there and gave an interview. It was a multicultura outfit tht of black and white people working together into the question came up if we are going to interview the head of the council in mississippi, do you want to walk in there with an allblack crew or white crew. They argued a very persuasively and i think correctly that our job was to make people comfortable saying what they wanted to say and not make them feel they have to edit their speech cannot make them feel they have to edit their speech and that meant sometimes be used in all white crew and black crew but the head of the Citizens Council it was a weird day because the left the producer standing on the curb the holiday inn and we drove off and picked up a couple guys like jim crow still in effect. George wallace we had an integrated crew. Theres more to talk about what i wanbut iwant to leave time f questions. I was interested in the putting together of the film pure or a whole bunch of leaders in the movement that were trained in the military. Can you comment on that . One of the many themes of eyes on the prize is nonviolence and it succeeded in the classic Civil Rights Movement there is no question. What i wa was leaked and understanding is that it was a Tactical Movement is not necessarily a philosophical commitment except on the par pat there were quakers involved and unitarians. When i arrived in meridian mississippi, i actually slept in Andrew Goodmans bed in the house where mickey actually lived and there was a lady in the home who showed me where the pistol was under the bed with ammunition next to it. People like andrew young and doctor king and diane nash and a host of others that were able to convince folks in the south that had every reason to shoot back to convince them that wouldnt work and the only thing to overcome the system and the only thing to bring the american apartheid to its knees is nonviolence. What a crazy notion. And in fact they could send the navy of the mississippi river. The state is always going to win the armed conflict. Its suicidal to try to fight back if there were instance andn the movement in birmingham alabama