Maintained that the passports, the syrian passport was found near one of the kamikaze was not of a person that whose name this is true. The name was syrian soldier who died, an assad soldier but the passport was forged which is under the control of the opposition. And from the fingerprints that were taken by the greeks and corresponded to the ones of the person who was dead or what remained of it, the guy had come it was someone came through leros so he was probably part of the refugees, right . This of course has raised enormous anxiety and put a name on the fears of which are part an parcel of the campaign. This is clearly a challenge we shall have to face. And lets not forefet, even though the influx influx from syria is important. What is probably the most frightening in terms of numbers is the influx coming through the failed state of libya by both from the southern parts of tunisia, to italy. Which led, for instance, in france, the city of calle which is the chunnel under the channel. The chunnel they say in britain, to france. You have a camp of migrants, trying to get into the chunnel in order to go to britain. Which of course is creating problems of public order, which is cheering a heavy debate. In spite of all that, as of now, there is no, there is no violence in france. There is no feeling of anxiety, but if we have a significant amount of votes for the extreme right, those elections which are regional elections. We have 13 big regions in france, they have been reshuffled if you want, and if the pollsters show they win the north, the south which is to say the French Riviera from marseille to tunis and maybe a third region this will be a major, a major problem, an earthquake in french, in french policy. And something which will probably be parallelled in a number of other countries. Denmark already has very rightwing coalition in power, which is, and so is the case with the netherlands. Things which you know, are an echo to what happened after the cartoons affair and the assassination. So we have to be careful about that because this is to an extent what the radical islamists want. And they would rather be pleased if we have extreme right movements in power and at least in some places because they are sure this will bring what they call islamophobia, and islamophobia will bring muslims under the banner of radicals. So we have to be very careful about that and not maybe to anger family members but i dont believe there is much support in europe now adays for a welcoming too many migrants from the region. This may be sad in terms of human rights but this is at least what will be translated in my belief in the forthcoming elections. Thank you. I think its fair to say that to an extent that we havent had before one of of the implications of all this, internal european politics will be on the agenda because of the blowback impact and implications for europe and because of challenges in the middle east. So just another issue on our research agenda. Gilles, fabrice, olivier, thank you very much. Thank you all for joining us to for this special discussion in advance of voice the french president hollande to washington tomorrow. Thank you all. [applause] secretary jack lew spoke about the redesign process of 10dollar bill will feature a woman for the first time in history. This is 40 minutes. Ladies and gentlemen, students, staff, guests, i am so glad to see all of you here this afternoon. Im roger buchanan. Provost of Northern VirginiaCommunity College alexandria campus. My of course at that and my pleasure to welcome you all here this afternoon to a town hall with secretary of the treasury. One of the great assets for alexandria campus is its location inside the capitol beltway and its proximity to washington, d. C. Because of that location we have had the good fortune to be the host for a number of dignitaries, state, federal, international even, who held forums to talk about matters of interest to the general public. Todays activity in a town hall is one such event. And in order to move us on to that particular point, im going to turn the program over at this point to the president of Northern VirginiaCommunity College, dr. Scott rawls, who bill introduce our speaker or guest, actually, and outline the program. Dr. Rawls. [applause] thank you, sir. Good afternoon. Northern Virginia Community college is honored today to have a very special guest. Our secretary of the u. S. Treasury jack lew. Secretary lew had very distinguished Public Service career even prior to becoming our 76th second secretary of treasury. Chief of staff white house, director of omb and Higher Education with new york university. Youre here among friends. Were excited to have you. He is particularly here today to talk with our students about proposed changes in u. S. Currency and our students often have, they will have opinions and questions you will find out. Theyre excited youre here and excited to share their thoughts to ask you questions. Were excited. Thank you for being at Northern VirginiaCommunity College, treasury secretary jack lew. Thank you. [applause] thank you very much, president rawls, provost buchanan and thank you all for being here today. I, let me start to explain why im here and why im so happy to have a chance to hear from you. Over the last few years weve been working on modernizing our currency, the money that we use every day. What most people probably dont think about is that the first responsibility we have with currency to make sure its safe, make sure its hard to counterfeit and easy to identify and durable. So we have regular program of reviewing our currency, our bills and deciding which ones are the next ones to be redesigned. Our 10dollar bill is the next one up principally for security reasons. It is not just the 10dollar bill. It is the whole family, it will be the two, the five, the 10, 20, everything but the one dollar bill which is set by statute. As we looked at this opportunity, we said this could be more than just a question of putting security features on a new bill. This could be opportunity to start a conversation in the country about what should we put on our currency if we want to reflect on an important topic. The topic we chose was democracy. Now it happens that when this next bill is unveiled formally well be in the year 2020 and that is the 100th anniversary of womens sufferage, women getting the right to vote. As we looked at this, i was briefed on this probably two, three years ago for the first time, i learned it was 100 years ago that we had a woman on our currency, over one one years ago. The last time we had a woman on our currency was Martha Washington on the other side of george washington. And the two things at that we decided as we went through this redesign was in addition to security, which always come first, what we want this new family of bills to represent ask the idea of democracy and putting image of a woman on our currency for the first time in over one one years to reflect on the contribution that women have made both to building our democracy and in history of our country. And there has been a lot of national discussion. When we announced this undertaking, asked people to write us and to use website and to use social media. And we have, you know, well over a million 1 2 responses of one kind or another. They ranged from handwritten letters from grade schoolkids to retweets, and everything in between. What im hoping we can use the next period of time for me to hear from you, to get your ideas about what it is is important in terms of images, themes of democracy to put on our currency. If you have ideas in terms of what woman you would like to see on our currency, id like to get your ideas on that as well. S this is very exciting project. Our money is something we can do business with. Money is the backbone of local economy Central Banks around the world. Currency they most recognize, other than their own is the u. S. Dollar. And, it is reflection of who we are. Why it is so important that we get this right. That we listen. That we think hard and weve been, weve been in between Everything Else weve been doing over last two years, working very hard on this in the last six months. Weve had active effort to listen to people in various settings. This is kind of setting where we get to hear from students with a range of backgrounds, and im going to stop talking so that i can listen to you. And im happy to answer questions if you have them. Right on this or, other topics. So how would you like to proceed . Just show of hands . All right. Dont be shy. Dont be shy. Back with the orange vest. I teach economics here and i tell my students before you do anything, collect the data to make rational decisions. What compelled you to make a decision that says we need to redesign it . You know, there is a committee that meets on regular basis that looks at a lot of issues. I wont give all the exact components because they have to do with the security of our currency. They have to do with how much a bill is used, how often it is counterfeited. How difficult the design of the bill is or features on the bill r that is the trickser event on what is the trigger event. Over time we redesign all the bills. Not necessarily the bill the last, the oldest to be designed, if you look at 100dollar bill or 20 bill they have a lot more security features than the lower denominations. It is common set of factors examined. It is examined by technical experts at bureau of printing and graving and Treasury Department who spend their entire careers making sure our currency is safe and secure. Yes . Over and above the cost of the redesign, over and above the cost of the redesign, how much money will it cost to change the person . You know im not sure i can break out what the cost of a change is because anytime you put a new, a new piece of currency into circulation, the whole system has to be built up for that purpose. I can tell you the most expensive part of producing our currency is putting security features on. So without a doubt the most expensive part of the process will be the r d and the production of security features that range from things you can see, things you cant see. If you, when you touch our currency, you can feel the printing, that intaglio printing. This was enough to make it to counterfeit. We have all kinds of things on paper, on the surface, some of them that have really a hightech component to them. That is where the real expense is. The actual image, you know, is an engraving that is not going to add materially to the cost. The security features are quite expensive, we need to do that. All security around the world is increasingly incorporating security features. We have to stay in a place where our currency is something we can count on being very difficult to counterfeit. Sure. If were talking about the 1010dollars bill, removing 10 bill, removing Alexander Hamilton from it or putting a woman on it . We havent said what the final design would be. From the moment we made the announcement we would undertaking this project, we would continue to honor Alexander Hamilton, something important to me from the beginning of this project, is that, the man who, had single largest contribution to building our Economic System and many ways our system of government will continue to be honored on our currency. The idea of having the image of a woman on our currency is something that is, its more than, just a kind of passing interest. I mean it has to do with over the last 200 years, recognizing that women have played a part in building this country, being part of this democracy, being part of the story of our country and that story has to be told. I think that if you look at dollar bill, you have to think of it as more than one square inch on one side. Were looking at entire bill and theyre going to be a lot of exciting things that, hopefully will come out of this review, that will give us the ability to tell, more stories than our currency now tells. And, as i say, it will start with the 10 bill and additional things to come on other denominations as they come out. So, i would say this is an opportunity here about what kinds of images. People in this room think would really tell the story of our democracy and well work on the best way to incorporate that both on front and on the other side of the bill. Yeah. Just more of a general question, but why do we not use coins . General question, why do we not use coins with large denomination. Im not sure security issue, but durability would last longer than paper and save space perhaps . We have dollar coins in circulation. They have turned out not to be as popular with people as Paper Currency. You know, so the attempts to use more coins is something that i think over time, probably will catch on, but it hasnt caught on yet. The, you know, the thing that found kind of interesting, as weve kind of gone through the analysis behind, how much currency do we need in an economy increasingly relying on Online Purchases and swiping cards, the interesting thing i learned, and i think its why this is not just a decision for today but probably a longterm decision, is that even though amount of transactions being down without currency growing more rapidly. The amount of currency in circulation is still growing, even though there are all other ways people are transacting business. So there is actually more money in circulation now with the advent of online purchasing and extensive use of credit cards and debit cards. And it means that Paper Currency is probably going to be with us for a very long time. So the kinds of issues that were grappling with as we talk about designing currency, i think, are going to be still something that we see in our currency 10 years from now, 20 years from now, 30 years from now, for a very long time. So it is why it is so important to us, as we make a decision to hear ideas, to come from the broad public and from people like you. Yeah . I have a more general question. What do you think is the most important issue facing our global Monetary System today. Nice simple question. If you look at global economy, it needs more deman. In the aftermath of the recession we have used an awful lot of policy levers in the United States. We used fiscal policy weve used Monetary Policy we rewritten our financial regulatory laws, that structural reform. Were seeing United States outperforming other economies in terms of the recovery. What i tell my counter part around the world you need to use all the levers. You cant rely extensively on any one of those three levers. I think that is the challenge that i see, kind of singularly. There is an awful lot of things underneath that though. Yeah . I like the idea of using the 10 bill to express the ideals of democracy. I think thats a good thing. We havent done that with our currency in the past. Alexander hamilton and democracy are pretty much incompatable. He was great economist. And i liked him for that but he was opposed to democracy. What about if designing the 10 bill now, what about putting image of the Seneca Falls Convention on one side and highlighting the fact that women like Elizabeth Stanton and susan b. Anthony and Frederick Douglass was there as well, you could have them in the forefront of that . Other side maybe Continental Congress where declaration of independence was enacted and Thomas Jefferson and equality on one side and human rights on the other . Obviously were looking at a lot of suggests suggestions that relate to sufferage. You ticked off some of the individuals who played a key role in that. Thomas jefferson is already on the 2 bill and, so he has got his own piece of currency. But those are very interesting ideas, thank thank you. I had a question about, question about bitcoins. Seems like for a while it took off as Digital Currency and a lot of people were really excited about it but then somehow it died down. I want your thoughts on bitcoin and future, in the future of having more of a globalized type of currency instead of what we have now . If you look at the history of Payment Systems, they usually come about through changes that seem disruptive or a little bit kind of off the beaten path at the beginning. You know, even money was introduced at a time when people were using things of real value, and money was an abstract representation. So i dont, we have to be openminded about what innovation looks like because no one one hundred years ago could have imagined the system that would be dependent on things, like electronic transfers and credit cards and debit cards as we have today. So im not sure what the innovations that will drive the transaction flows in the future. One of the things about bitcoin that is different from a lot of other Payment Systems we have it is designed to be anonymous. Things that are designed to be anonymous tendhave attributes not dissimilar to what cash economies look like. It is hard to follow flows and sometimes easier to use cash for elicit purposes that an things that would go through a formal banking system. So one of the things that weve done at treasury, we look at things like about it coin, is how to use an overlay of all of the things we do to make sure that if there are things that are illegal or illicit going on, with, you know cash or currency or, you know, we have the ability to look into a system like about it coin in the same way. It is a little challenging because the different, it is a different medium. But those are the kinds of questions that weve asked. We leave the question of kind of, what is the preferred Payment System in the future to work out through the marketplace of individual choice, which, has made a lot of decisions over the last 100 years that have produced a range of ways to ease commerce. To make it more convenient and cheaper to do business. I suspect if we were meeting to years from today, there would be things north of bit coin to look at because the rate of change is increasing. Somebody over there had their hand up a minute ago . Yeah. [inaudible] i would like to see anonymous immigrant women to represent all the women that actually built this country together. That is an interesting idea. The, there is always a challenge between, between very recognizable images, that tell stories that are, of wellknown individual stories and, people who are symbolic of larger groups. That is a very interesting suggestion, thank you. Yeah . [inaudible] i have a question. You said the new bill would be [inaudible] who decides the face of a new bill and who opens the polls nationwide . It is interesting, the lead time for designing currency is very long. Well be making a decision in these coming, weeks on, basic shape of the design. So im looking forward to announcing at some point quite soon where we end up in terms of the design of the currency. There is a long process to turn that into something thats actually coming off of Printing Presses and going into circulation. And you need to have all the security features in place. They have to be, in a form that can be mass produced, millions and millions of times. And, thats why there is a bit of a gap between the initial decision, the unveiling of the formal piece of currency itself and then the mass production of it. The schedule is one that, for, for those of us who impatient, to implement them, you have to get accustomed to. Well leave the discussion at this point to go live to the pentagon for a news briefing by video from army general john campbell. He is commander after natoled training an advising mission in afghanistan. Making a brief statement. Then he is going to turning it over to general shafner for questions after that. A lot of you understand the reason for that. He is commander and limited what he is allowed to say. Can you read me . Can you read me, over. Weve got you loud and clear from the pentagon briefing room. [inaudible] just wanted to check with you. We are going to you down and when you hear, so your audience will be off the hold on until the colonel queues you for a question. So you can talk all you want there. We wont issue. When the colonel future then youll be on, all right . We hear you. John, can you hear me . Am the director of Public Affairs here at Resolute Support u. S. Forcesafghanistan. Before we can start ive a few announcements. If you havent already please take this time to turn off your electronic devices. I know some of the we usually post record and thats okay. I just ask you turn the ringer software well be joined by general campbell and then the general will take some questions and answers but i will serve as the moderator for the question and answer portion to ask when i call on you deeply see her name and your outlet for the record. In the interest of time please limit your questions to one follow. As youve seen, we have continuous connection such asked that its quite while the Pentagon Press corps is asking questions. Or while some in a room is asking questions and the folks at the pentagon can you do as well. For photography if you want to come around to the side during the event, thats fine. I would ask you not come past the corner in the front in the interest of courtesy fo for the cameras any other journalist i ask you to come up, take your photo and please return to your seat. At this point we will be joined by general campbell. Well, good evening come and good morning back in washington, d. C. I received a report of u. S. National investigation into the strike on Doctors Without Borders msf Trauma Center in kunduz city, afghanistan on october 3, 2015. Let me start offering my sincere condolences to the victims of this devastating event. No nation has more to prevent civilian casualties than the United States. But we failed to meet our own High Expectations on october 3. This was a tragic but unavoidable accident caused primarily by human error. It was important that the office is investigating the incident had the requisite seniority ended up and to conduct a thorough and unbiased inquiry. For that reason i requested an outside investigative team. U. S. Central command supported my request and send an Army Major General independent of u. S. Forcesafghanistan to lead the investigation. He was assisted by two brigadier generals, one from the army and one from the air force. Also outside from my command. The report include a specific fines relating to systems, processes and personnel, and ive already approved some of the findings and recommendations. Based on the recommendations ive already directed some immediate changes to ensure we learn and apply the right lessons from this incident. In addition to u. S. National investigation, a nato and Afghan Partner combined civilian Casualty Assessment Team also conducted an investigation. The findings of both reports were generally consistent. I personally briefed the nato secretarygeneral, general breedlove, president ghani, and dr. Abdullah on the result of of the ccat. Nato will release the ccat report in the coming days. Also earlier today i briefed msf on the results of this national and ccat investigations. Recommendations even with the systems and processes will be managed within this command and adopted consistent with current operations. Matters regarding individual accountability will be managed in accordance with standard military justice, and administered practices for joint command. I have decided to reverse some of the recommendations to the command of u. S. Special Operations Command for his review and action, as appropriate. I will discuss individual cases because our system requires fairness and the discretion of individual decisionmakers i will not. I can tell you those individuals most closely associate with the incident have been suspended from their duties pending consideration and disposition of administrative and disciplinary matters. Because im still in the process of reviewing the investigative report and investigating officers report, i will defer any questions today to my spokesperson, the brigadier general. That said im able to write an account of events on october 3, 2015. The repor report determined thas strike upon the msf Trauma Center in kunduz city, afghanistan was a direct result of human error compounded by systems and procedural failures. The u. S. Forces directly involved in this incident did not know the target compound was the msf Trauma Center. The medical facility was misidentified as a target by u. S. Personnel who believed they were striking a different building several hundred meters away with the reports of combatants. The report also determined that the personnel who requested the strike and those who executed it from the air did not undertake the appropriate measures to verify that the facility was a legitimate military target. In the events leading up to this tragic incident and contact. On the evening of september 27, kunduz city was attacked by a significant force of taliban and associate insurgents. I the evening of september 28, local Afghan Forces quickly withdrew leaving the taliban took control most of the city. On september 29, ms and send the coordinates other Trauma Center in kunduz to multiple recipients within the u. S. And nato chains of command. Those coordinates were received and distributed by the siegler to support headquarters. United States Special Operations forces and their afghan counterparts were rapidly deployed to a camp adjacent to the kunduz airfield in the Early Morning on september 29. By that evening they were forced to defend the kunduz airfield from a Taliban Attack the u. S. Sought to maintain defensive position and airfield throughout the night until the Early Morning on september 30. Later that day u. S. Soft and other counterparts moved into the city and established themselves in the provincial chief of police. Between the time that the team was established in the compound, at the time of the incident on october 3 u. S. And afghan soft partners propel heavy and sustained in the tax and conducted multiple defensive strikes and kunduz. By october 3, u. S. Soft main entrance recover longer than it did recover longer than intended and continued support of Afghan Forces. As a result by the Early Morning hours of october 3 u. S. At the pcop compound had been engaged in heavy fighting for nearly five consecutive days and nights. During the evening of october 2, afghan soft advised u. S. Soft commander that they intended to conduct a clearing operation that night. This included a former National Director of Security Headquarters building they believe was occupied by insurgents. The afghans requested you as Close Air Support as they conducted their clearing operation. The u. S. Soft command a great habit to support on standby. He remained at the pcop compound during the operation and was beyond the visual range of either the nds headquarters or the msf Trauma Center as he monitored the progress of his afghan counterpart. The report found that from this point forward multiple errors occurred that ultimately resulted in the misidentification of and the strike on the msf Trauma Center. First be ac130 aircraft designated to provide Close Air Support in kunduz city launched 69 minutes early in response to a troops in contact situation. This type of emergency requires an immediate response. But the result was that the aircraft launched without conducting a normal mission brief for securing crucial Mission Essential related materials. Including a no strike designations which would have identified the location of the msf Trauma Center. Because theres ac130 aircraft and crew were ultimately not needed for the initial troops in contact mission, they were diverted in flight to provide Close Air Support to the u. S. Soft commander in kunduz. During the flight of Electronic System on board the aircraft malfunctioned, preventin prevene operation of an essential command and control capability and a limiting the ability of aircraft to transmit video, send and receive email, or send and receive electronic messages. This is an example of a technical failure. In addition as the aircraft arrived in the vicinity of kunduz, the aircrew believe it was targeted by a Missile Force and aircraft to move away from its normal orbit to an orbit approximately eight miles from the mission area. This degraded accuracy of, this degraded accuracy of certain targeting systems which later contributed to the misidentification of the msf Trauma Center. I would like to refer you to the chart now in order to show you he locations as i describe the events. Key locations. To give some scale distance from the top to the bottom of this graph is approximately 1000 meters. The u. S. Soft command on the ground was located at the provincial police of pashtun chief of police cover depicted by the green dot in the upper right of the chart. Through his joint control, the u. S. Soft commander provided aircraft with a grid coordinates to the nds Headquarters Building, the intended target of the afghan soft. The green one is the location of the compound. Again this was the building that the u. S. Soft commander intended to strike. But when the aircrew end of the coordinates into their control systems, the coordinates coordinate to an open field over 300 meters from the nds headquarters. The yellow on the chart depicts the location of the open field. This mistake happened because the aircraft was several miles he on its normal orbit and its sensors were degraded at that distance. Investigating officer found that the aircrew visually located the closest, largest building new the open field, which we now know was the msf Trauma Center. The msf Trauma Center is depicted by the red number three on the chart. The physical description of the indias Headquarters Building provided by the afghan soft to the u. S. Soft commander roughly matched the description of the msf Trauma Center as seen by the aircrew. At night the aircrew then able to identify any signs of the hospitals protected status. This second chart shows the msf facility prestrike. This is what the aircrew was able to visualize, although it would have been seeing the facility at night. According to the report, the aircrew concluded based on the description of a large building that the msf Trauma Center was the nds headquarters. Tragically, this misidentification continued throughout the remainder of the operation, even though there is some contradictory indicators. For example, once the aircraft returned to its original orbit, the aircrafts grid location system correctly aligned with the indias facility instead of the open field. However, their crew remain fixated on the physical description of the facility, at that point did not rely on the grid court in its. Also the investigators found that the aircrew did not observe hostile activity at the msf Trauma Center. These are examples of human and procedural errors. The report determined that as the operation proceeded, the u. S. Soft commander through the jtac requested the aircraft to engage a building that the aircrew mistakenly believed was the nds headquarters. Report found that under the circumstances the u. S. Soft commander lacked the authority to direct the aircrew to engage in facility. The investigation also found that the u. S. Soft commander relied primarily upon information provided by Afghan Partners, and was unable to adequately distinguish between the nds Headquarters Building at the msf Trauma Center. According to the report one minute prior to firing, the aircrew transmitted to the operational headquarters at Bagram Air Field to do about to engage the building. Building. They provided the court is for the msf Trauma Center as their target. The headquarters was aware of the coordinates with the msf Trauma Center and had access to the no strike list. But did not realize that the grid coordinates for the target matched a location on the no strike list or that the aircrew was preparing to fire on the hospital. This confusion was exasperated by the lack of video, Electronic Communications between headquarters and the aircraft caused by the earlier malfunction and they believed that the headquarters that the force on the ground required air support as a matter of immediate force protection. The strike began at 2 08 a. M. At 2 20 a. M. A soft officer at Bagram Air Field a call from msf advising that their facility was under attack. It to the headquarters and the u. S. Special Operations Commander until 2 37 a. M. To realize the fatal mistake. At that time the ac130 had already ceased firing. The strike lasted for approximately 29 minutes. This is an example of human and process error to the investigation found that the strike result in the death of 30 staff, patients, and assistance. And the injury of 37 others. U. S. Air forces afghanistan is working hand in hand with msf identified the injured, and the families of those who lost loved ones in order that we may offer appropriate condolences. Based upon the information learned during the investigation, the report determined that the approximate cost of this tragedy was a direct result of avoidable human error compounded by process and equipment failures. In addition the report found that fatigue and high operational tempo contributed to this tragedy. It also identified failures of systems and processes that, while not the cause of the start on the msf Trauma Center, contributed to the incident. These include the loss of Electronic Communications systems on aircraft, the nature of the plan and approval process deployed during operations at kunduz city and the lack of a single system to bet targets against a no strike list. We have reviewed each of these failures and invalid corrections as appropriate. We have learned from this terrible incident. Will also take appropriate administrative and disciplinary action through a process that is fair and thoroughly considers the available evidence. The cornerstone of our military Justice System is the independence of decisionmakers following a thorough investigation such as this one. We will study what went wrong and take the right steps to prevent it in the future. As i said in an earlier statement, this was a tragic mistake. U. S. Forces would never intentionally strike the hospital, or other protective facilities. Our deepest condolences go to all the individuals and families that were affected by this tragic incident. We will offer our assistance to Doctors Without Borders in rebuilding the hospital in kunduz. Doctors without borders is a respected humanitarian organization that does import lifesaving work, not only within afghanistan but around the world. Alongside Afghan Partners we will work to assist and support him in this