New York University dc Center Hosted this event it is an hour and ten minutes. Thank you for hosting this important discussion today and thank you to senator heitkamp and mrs. Mccain for taking time out to provide insights on how to address the problem. I have worked on trafficking issues for 20 years now without but as alawyer and academic andt time ive witnessed tremendous changes in the fields where as much efforts almost and tiger lever on the trafficking of women and girls into this sector. We finally reached now come to understand trafficking as a phenomenon that affects men, women and children in a wide range of sectors that affect our daily lives. We recognize trafficking can take place on farms that produce foods and factories along the supply chain and produced trafficking can occur in homes in the Domestic Workers who care for our children, our elderly and or disabled and even in the public schools, in the deceptive and abusive recruitment from abroad. The nature of the problem has evolved in response is trafficking is no longer viewed as the replicated fully through prosecutorial efforts were increasingly understanding we must also attend to the problem. These include where the traffic people originate, the lack of Educational Opportunities compelling individuals to migrate under the precarious conditions in hopes of finding a means for the economic survival or the countries like the United States that the lack of protections against the retaliatory termination and deportation and even undocumented workers to report these conditions or in the case the failure to provide adequate care and shelter. Its contributed to the Current Situation where 2. 9 Million People around the world are trafficked. On the part of the government for international organizations, ngos, corporations, philanthropies and individuals like yourselves to take part in the global efforts to eradicate Human Trafficking. I had a great privilege today of moderating a discussion with two of the leading voices in the movement, senator Heidi Heitkamp and senator mccain. The format for today i will briefly introduce the speakers and then spend about 30 minutes in discussion prompted by a series of questions i prepared in advance and shared with the speakers and then we will open up to questions from the audience after which we will conclude with closing statemen statements. So, to introduce senator heitkamp, the first female senator elected from north dakota in her first term has quickly become a leader among her colleagues in the fight against Human Trafficking bursts sounding the alarm on Human Trafficking as a lawenforcement issue and a Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and 2013 where she now serves as the Ranking Member on the subcommittee on Regulatory Affairs and federal management. Federal management. She cosponsored and helped pass the justice for victims of the Human Trafficking act president obama signed into law which helped to secure a strict punishments for traffickers and including the bill for the safe harbor law nationwide to make sure victims of the crime are treated. Working to hold traffickers to buy and sell victims accountable for refusing to testify on the companys failure to disclose the safeguards against trafficking for civil contempt of congress the third time the senate has done so in 20 years. [applause] senator heitkamp challenged the leadership in the facilitation of Human Trafficking on its site. The Governmental Affairs is the permanent subcommittee on investigations which she served released a report finding the company knowingly facilitated online sex trafficking. She recently reintroduced the bipartisan act to make sure Health Workers had the training they need to identify and help protect victims and will keep fighting to make sure they dont fall prey to these crimes. Senator heitkamp continues to work to build a Strong Network of support against these crimes traveling to mexico, Central America and across the country as well as engaging north Dakota Community leaders and Law Enforcement in the fight against the crimes of multiple state department of Homeland Security training. A strong leader in the fight against Human Trafficking she worked seamlessly along the political, private and public lines and engaged with the football league, the center for sports that you become about the democratic Republic National committees, Polaris National center for missing and exploited children, google and many other organizations to work to eradicate Human Trafficking. Shes advised members in the fight against trafficking in london, cambodia she is dedicated in the efforts to reduce Human Trafficking in arizona throughout the United States and around the world as well as working to improve the lives of the victims of Human Trafficking a different link back. And is of number of the board of Education Board of counselors. Mrs. Mccain passionately fights Human Trafficking talking to Corporation Officials in Technology Experts to stop the crime against committee. [applause] so we will start off with a question to both of you so how did you first get involved in this field complex. What you start you have a fantastic story. First of all, i am so glad to be here in the hope inhabit good discussion tonight for the first time and i ever saw him and trafficking i did not know what was done was traveling in india we have a of an daughter from there so i was trying to buy some material for her and calcutta is a very vibrant with all the noise is everything going on outside but as i went to go pay the gentleman fight could kind of here cluttering below with things being new ways he said that is just my family they but live below. That is possible. But when it went to lay that money on the counter i looked down i can see below the floorboards i looked at 50 sets of allies at least but what i did was they didnt say anything. I didnt know what i was looking at so i walked out god on my airplane and went home and went back to my family but it spurred me to find out what it was. This is the long quest not only to understand that issue complete legal so to stop this. Is horrible. So for me it turned something bad into something good ironclad i had the experience so ive able to do something now. Of the former attorney general for north dakota one of the reasons i rein in in 1982 is that the time across the country this lot a criminaljustice issue if you think about it in 1992 we were attacking this as if it was a family problem. If there was ongoing tension between lawenforcement and the advocates at that time. If you never want to see people get along then you should look at the work that lawenforcement in many states and Domestic Violence advocates are doing today to combat Domestic Violence. That is by reference so when iran United States senate in 2012 i visited all my Law Enforcement friends because of was a time of tremendous growth in the lot of people say we have never seen this level of prostitution before we dont have time to investigate it is in bars or murderers or fast we are now time to investigate prostitution but we see it everywhere. I got to thinking about this in north dakota what that actually meant so then you start to rethink what that means in my state and why that was a really started to learn what goes on when people buy other human beings to resell them to other human beings and then with the imprisoned others so they can resell them. Now with terms of Public Policy getting the word prostitution out of the of language as we arrest the minors what we do with people who purchased children if we treat them as those that we treat them as the john verses a pedophile so we have a whole language that doesnt fit with what is going on in with the crime but to give you an idea had difficulty is to have that discussion but how we as a society we began this discussion what does the law say in how should be changing it . And honestly the results of what i was seeing was Indigenous Women native american women like place like minneapolis has a Recovery Center that is incredible those that are exposed by their cousins are sold by their families and literally thrown away. If you look at the dynamics of Domestic Violence and crack the one thing that is a constant is the devaluing of that person. If you want to get someone in the position to abuse them in a family relationship you devalue them first. If you take a child who already is successful you devalue them so that really goes to the Runaway Program writing there is a lot of people out there involved with think this is like laura in goals while. Bening and some dark stranger picks rupp to carry her way i am not saying that doesnt happen and there are some that fit the profile but fundamentally their kids who have been thrown away, runaway are vulnerable on the streets probably engaging with survival sex at some point in a minute just takes the next up. So we just have to start looking at this issue differently. It goes from a family problem of Public Health with the Domestic Violence we have to start being very serious as a society to address the of victimization that happens. And when we talk about miners miners all the people i have met they have all began as minors that begins you are 18 in a longterm have the protections that we want for other women or four girls that is harsh so we have a lot of work to do in terms of the cultural change that has to begin with changing the dynamics like Domestic Violence and begin to be very honest about how complacent we are as a society of how willing we are to stray away from the overall problem of human slavery and particularly in human sex trafficking. Picking up on this plan one of the most troubling statistics have come across it concerns the restitution to victims. , there was a report put out that found enormous research enormous Research Found in only 36 percent of trafficking prosecution did prosecutors ask for restitution. That is a mandatory requirement in restitution is important to find after care dealing with the trauma and the other needs of the victims but yet only 36 percent that the request is even made. So could deaf why that is and what could we do about the problem . Also the least likely to receive restitution or the child victims of sex trafficking. There is a number that first of all, getting a child into court to testify is a monumental feat. Once they get them are they allowed to video testify . That is an issue in arizona right now our number of factors getting to restitution that is a long long road it is the lot and i completely agree but until we can actually educate our prosecutors on the difficulty we will not get anywhere in be will continue to see low numbers and continue to see kids that disappear. When i was the attorney general yesterday unit in my office there is only 1400 officers and all of north dakota to give the example of the population base prosecutors and fargo and tran4 works for those that are willing to handle that prosecution but with these counties letter very sparsely populated it is really difficult to develop that expertise and with child Sexual Assault cases to say that is not trafficking absolutely it is. It is a worst trauma than Sexual Assault that does not involve repeated behavior but if you look at it mean need to have a whole different book on how we address prosecution and victimization in the courtroom. It will require the ongoing training for prosecutors and judges because frequently judges will not grant leniency in terms of videotape to see a right to confront your accuser. This is any type of child Sexual Assault prosecution also people the want to live through this again so we need highly trained prosecutors in states like mine that are equipped and trained to handle these investigations and prosecutions because you have the best prosecutor but if it is botched it will be hard to move up the assault this is where the bill that requires prior training in hospitals comes into focus so recently on the back page hearing weve heard from a number of mothers whose children who were trafficked and the challenges that they had so what would you like to see done that would have changed the outcome . And both of them said better training in emergency rooms. That was the point of intervention but then when they actually showed up for the investigation for the forensic exam, and nobody knew how to do with forensic exam that involves a traffic become become it was much more complicated than a Sexual Assault case. We need to get the resources to develop fast best practices like Domestic Violence prosecutions we go ahead without the victims testimony frequently prosecutions have been because the victim will recant because of that power relationship. We have to have trained units and and tell we do they will not question that formula but it would be interesting how much of the restitution is paid actually . To have the judgment is one thing but the ability to execute on that is another challenge but this will take specialized units like states like mine because those most decks successful have these minneapolis is a great example Ramsey County has a great prosecutor you dont have to reinvent the wheel we should be doing more to build that capacity within the prosecutorial world because it will go a long way. I want to continue on that line with that disparity in the number of prosecutions pursued with sex trafficking verses labor trafficking. This is both globally and here in the United States only nine out of 957 prosecutions initiative were of labor trafficking but added 18,930 prosecutions 857 were labor trafficking. So could you speak to her we can be a more proactive investigation with labor trafficking cases around the world and in the United States . You ask a good question. This is a problem i see all across the country. Labor trafficking is grossly under reported for many reasons rarely barely they use the labor they will not report anything they will not report to the supply chain what is going on. But the Mccain Institute has a project that is just beginning in texas on this issue to work with prosecutors to educate them on the issue. Is convoluted many times not all labor trafficking is illegal. Many are legal within the United States. Thought so to make the prosecutors understand the depth of what it is, what to do what you and i know sitting here but many prosecutors dont know or dont believe it is even going on and to make scheerer with larger perspective to make sure that companies that source those fruits and vessels or textiles are doing Due Diligence on the supply chain. This is something of a bite to see the United States take on officially and to hold the countys Companies Accountable what is going on in their supply chain with those problems that they cannot find or will not find everybody has to play a part i no longer accept the fact they just did not know there is too many resources. From that aspect think it is very important. In texas the prosecutors simply said it does not existed is not a problem here. Texas. So we are starting at ground zero on this issue in many places. A do give credit to d. H. Us who began a campaign it is in the early stages but when the trainers go out to talk to local prosecutors did not restrict to sex trafficking but they talk about labor trafficking and what to look for and how to spot it i think the beginning stage this to build an awareness. We have modernday slavery in our country. There are people who are enslaved and marginalized and code to work every day so it is like sex trafficking when we began this discussion i remember going to a meeting in little town we got around the table talking about this problem and there were Community Leaders you can see them roll their eyes. For sea you could see they thought we were exaggerating and then the chief of police said on back page there is 20 advertisements for commercial sex and then there was dead silence because the reality of that had to be recognized for think about this we had a massive labor shortage in my state during the oil boom. If any of you thinks there was not modernday slavery were labor trafficking there was not one report. So frequently it is done the guy is running the hotel desperately needs people Janitorial Services but they cannot find the work force to hired directly so they dont look much beyond the contract price. What is really happening there . Are they getting paid . Getting paid fairly . At the time of the explosion of work with investigators showing up to find out what is going on and so we need to identify with better training for prosecutors. Anywhere between 20 or 30 Million People in though world are currently in slaved. Those who believe that none of those are in the country you are wrong. Because we are a very vibrant economy people will look for a market for labor trafficking and so that is not on purpose. How many of you saw the story about a note in the purse . A couple of you in this is happened occasionally wear somebody buys a purse and they opened it up this happen to be written in chinese and she was a translator and a pretty much said diane and prison maybe prison labor but clearly was crying out for help to anyone who bought the purse. It should as somebody taking right heitkamp note in the purse for or happened have a meeting with the company. I will not say who it was. Check them out on line. [laughter] but would relieve like to know what you were doing in your supply chain to have them removed from this company because somehow when we are the largest economy in the world purchasing these goods and services to have an obligation that the people producing those goods and services are not slaves. And we could leverage that economic strength for a good purpose to end slavery. So right here within our borders the issue that came up better recent conference that brought together hundreds of advocates and direct Service Providers with traffic to people there was a persistent theme that came across of a concern of the impact that they could have on the trafficking victims. Claims so glad you clarified before the audience many are here is documented status but theyre undocumented people who are trafficked in the United States and i wonder what you think we ought to do about those who are undocumented now because of buy and immigration they are more wary of interacting with Government Agencies to report the abuse. This power relationship has created a real vulnerability and it was bad before. Youll have read the stories of things that have happened in the fields with a supervisor who feels they can just take a woman at afield and rate per then center back to work the same morning. So this was happening before we had negative awareness that there is additional Enforcement Actions taken. I believe personally that it has in fact, made people who were already incredibly full verbal even more vulnerable. How we begin to address that is with a lot of education about what happens but also requires those allaire where the label of citizens begin to speak out. We could get into a discussion of sanctuary cities or the zones of protection that does not result in deportation but we need to figure that piece out to. It is not the American Value to let that happen in our country people act with impunity because they have no fear of retribution or prosecution then we only had to the vulnerability so i dont know i have the answer but i am very concerned that this has in fact, created a greater opportunity for a really bad people to do really bad things. I see two things. Number one the Litigious Society we live in now so many people say i dont want to be involved so count me out to. That has to change because this issue if we will ever stop the you have to take it seriously but it is also to further educate or train baker where local lawenforcement those that are also actually on the ground. But to your point we have to do something to enable these people and if they are not so frightened. That is the job for my husband and heidi but that is one thing that i hope activist, a humanitarian, lawyers, whate ver lies ahead for you this is a sure time. We are in a perfect storm right now. It is incumbent with all of us to be involved. We have reached the point we will open the for of two questions maybe we have a microphone . Please stand up and identify yourself and we can also repeat the question. Recently came from birth in california and i am very aware of what is going on in San Francisco making in her first party with an immigration issue as a former attorneygeneral of wanted to ask you the last thing you said because of discrimination of enforcement today most are undocumented they never reported the rapes that are going on so does the reenforce the issue . Because as they go out then they get deported. That is what we see as the former attorney general. I do agree with the work she is doing she is a great addition she is on the Homeland Security committee with these issues every day. But what i would tell you is that any time you have people that are diminished in power someone that is picking tomatoes and undocumented is a marginalized. You will create a vulnerability and if you dont give them the power without endangering themselves you will create a very toxic environment before continuing the abuse that happens every day in america. We need to figure this out. We need to make sure the department of plant security of Homeland Security one great example recently a discussion about women at the border fleeing of murder capital of the world who would have their baby taken away from them if they came to the border as a deterrent as a way to prevent them from coming. We received a lot of letters and raised this issue and appeared in front of the committee and he committed that he would not this is another area we should be raising with the leadership of the department of plant security to say howdy balance this to allow this to continue parks that is open season on people who or vulnerable to the victims of crime and making the fearful for reporting it to. So we need to have that discussion with the department of farmland security homelands security because they need to know that this occurs because theres nobody that i know even if she is undocumented and raped should not have access to justice and that is what were talking about because deterrence can work up to a point but if there is no deterrence or prosecution or opportunity for intervention then we have a condition that is greatly exacerbated so the next time talk to your senator that i like a lot to talk about the issue of which could raise this with the department of homeless and security homelands security. Actually working in agriculture in minnesota looking at the supply chain it is not quite a surprise we dont talk about trafficking as we shed so what can private companies who have a lot of Supplier Power due to create the right incentive to start addressing this problem to not scare people was sometimes the pressure comes down that creates the wrong behavior but positive things to help what you are addressing . As i said before our senators and congressmen are offering incentives for companies to do just that. There are plenty of tools out there for companies to research the supply chain what is going on and also they report back to the so in my opinion and i take a hard line that there is no reason for company to say i can do this is too overwhelming. I dont buy that. In the case that heidi raised about the chinese letter in the purse that happened in arizona. Unfortunately for the company the one state that is really hard on this issue another governor is after them and there are different issues but it is too new bad we have to have an example there should be no examples. But with those incentives maybe she can answer that better. I think first she is so modest. She ridley is. She was at the forum were the attendees look like the fortune 100 ever since i have been going there she tells the ceos what they need to be doing to stop trafficking in the world. And that kind of shot out that we are watching you and this could affect how people perceive your business, this is your brand you do not want your brand to be associated with trafficking. Dont underestimate the of bully pulpit to shine a light on it when they say this isnt something one to be a part of. The best thing we can do is pressure Corporate Governance to say first that is the value of the corporation that we will not profit of a slave labor and to everything to prevent that. That is something we will ask repeatedly to get done. Never underestimate in the era of social media the power to be a citizen and demanding nobody would have known about this if it hadnt then on twitter or Facebook Post that went viral so not everybody says we want something done so when they see it it is so important to say something. Sometimes we dont want to look at it or get involved but if we are really committed about selling human beings and we can eradicate slavery in 1864 then we have to be willing to call that out when we see at and that is an important thing to do. Thanks to both of you for coming today and being wonderful advocates for this issue i work within anti Trafficking Group yearonyear can diversity and redo face those challenges because a lot of people dont recognize how big of an issue with is. So what advice do you have for those who try to advocate for this cause . I am such a believer in the power of people who have emission and because to wingate and that we are building an army against slavery in this country and a woefully selling that to the world to make that socially unacceptable when you look at Domestic Violence have we eradicated that . Absolutely not. But we have greatly diminished the number. That is because we as a society more than anything increased awareness, a prosecution and have said that is not a family problem it is a crime. And this is how you recognize the issue and what is going on and why we need to be the advocate for that family. There are tons of great organizations you can be involved and globally and locally there are workers out there doing incredible work with lots of opportunities to engage very broadly in this effort. But i would say it is important that you become educated for instance a lot of people get involved but then you think why did i do that . You cannot give up on her because then you give up one everybody that comes behind her that is a constant frustration for those who feel marginalized or who have been thrown away or have the structure in their life and we have to be vigilant and stick up for the victims of matter what. It is not always easy. Working with the Runaway Program in north dakota with the whole job is to get them off the street and be. There are recognized as full verbal. Slipped some clients there is no request left so the Recovery Process is so difficult and we have to stay in the fight. May i also say the issue of Human Trafficking is not a sexy issue i am not comparing it to the environment were rivers but to understand those issues you king gets behind without much education budget Human Trafficking is a whole different deal. Especially the customers if you want to see the audience completely turned and walked out . There are necessary because you were talking about a basic human right with the ability to live free this is america. That is what we should be doing so dont give up. I tell people get mad percolations be mad that they would do this in any fashion but dont give up. We need you. They give very much for highlighting just a far we have come with this issue but to underscore how much further we still have to go. My question is about the role of corruption and whether or not also with lawenforcement how does the United States collaborate to address this issue . And for other countries to work with one another . That is hard for the role that corruption plays. Was just going to mention , who is familiar with the corporation . This is the effort to avoid providing additional dollars to corrupt governments and not to people. This is a tough balancing act because when a government is corrupt and with the governments could be assisted with a or intervention and makes them even more vulnerable so we have to make sure we are working in the government to solve any kind of problem we have a great friend who has a foundation whose philanthropic efforts is all about eliminating corruption from government and building those that could better respond and react to the challenges of their own country. I think we have to look at the governments peace because no amount of intervention can help if the government is corrupt and i agree with the promise but we have to work to build governments that is hard work. Incredibly hard work what we focus on is Central America up. Send the entire ticket trip to mexico and else salvador but we met with officials who was just beginning the discussion meeting with the attorney general dealing with violence against women with that new idea that and is the coulter that coulter that this is unacceptable but to also allege that to understand it is a universal morality and was with a friend who was talking about selling children in a country. But she said one of the americans working on Environmental Issues said that is what happens in this country. So his goal was to save the animals but willing to overlook the selling of children. But we have to say there is a universal morality and we have an obligation when we see horrible things as citizens of the world but we have to have governments that we can work with to change those outcomes to provide that protection. If we talk about how difficult it is for our government the best government in the role to protect the most full verbal then you cannot do one without the other. There is a lot of good philanthropic efforts to build capacity to eliminate corruption in government but we have to do a better job of protecting people. I can briefly say because of corruption the matter what country that is no reason to give up on the country specifically on this issue i truly believe the pieces we are talking about weekend remake of difference on this issue. I and stand your frustration with corruption. First bank so much for the work that you do is important and hard work. My question hostage do it is a little controversial but when you talk about sex trafficking can you touch on the difference between Sexual Exploitation or sex work but voluntary sex workers say that lightly because i do think there is a difference and i know it is hard to differentiate but within that field there is the adl that is perpetuated that within cannot be sexual at all. I know that is controversial by love to hear what you have to say. The promise is people who wore voluntarily engaging and commercial sex this is there right and theyre choice. I think if you sat down to have a long conversation with most women in this life they did not begin believing they had a choice. I do think it is out of necessity of what happened earlier with the trauma they experienced early. I am not saying it is impossible. And we could have a debate if that is a societal crime or whether that is a choice that people make but in my experience that is a very small part. Props see everything theyre the most jaded so the head of the criminal how they are sensitized to the issue. Talking about the big rasher prostitution and he would sit down to Start Talking to these women hoover arrested well was their life . Everybody had a story of victimization and that this would not have been there life cool that they were coerced with drugs or what happened with their sold so i dont want to be disrespectful plan telling you that is a small slice of the problem. It is interesting because i saw or after we shut down back page we got a letter that said i cannot make a living because the view. She heard the reaction that you are talking about. So i think we have to be eyes wideopen one of the toughest issues be confront tell me the difference between prostitution and trafficking there are cases that are clear with their intervening events of have to tell you in my mind i am way over here. Live think there is a lot of life history going on. I encountered legalization of prostitution with the super bowl came to arizona in 2014. We made a huge effort as the state to stopping trafficking what to do if we find it and the bunny ranch people from voss biggest thought they would calm and follow me around. If you dont know that is a prostitution that is legal within the city limits of voss biggest loss vegas of the wanted me to hear the argument widish of legalized prostitution idol even like that word that i amusing get i and using it and it is a good thing. Never sat down with them because they dont buy the argument but i do agree that most of these dont enter into this because they want to but they are hurt hurt, airtraffic, they are traffic this is a crime. Igo said this very evident that you struggle with this but it is the are right thing to do some way or another. I am from colorado. As a followup, i can you give stories of what you have heard how somebody enters the trade or ross somebody becomes a victim . And to participate in the program and i cannot pay the former help because they would not be there the next day so how does this play out . Let me talk about sex trafficking. Im not saying that it doesnt happen but typically a kid runs away than they are hungry and cold and somebody says i will take care of you if you come live with me. And talked into survival sex if you want to stay here now you are my boyfriend now we need a little cash go do this for the family. Go do this for us. And if they meet with resistance there is drugs and alcohol and coercive ways then they are in a whole culture that i wish some of the traffic victims were here to explain how you become number one and number two there is a pecking order among the women better being trafficked by one man and then this is another reason why it is so complicated, when you need more girls they send out the girls to recruit. Typically they go to where the of runaways hang out to say come with me if you are hungry. That is why the intervention is so important because they are so vulnerable to the whole pattern. When we were in mexico there was a whole section with the guy from town would show up to have a nice car and the nice clothes and say i love you and tell the parents take her to meet his father and mother and lived in a big house now she is in the life. In mexico. So how do we prevent this . You have to come back to tell their stories how they were coerced and trekked attract. The methods vary but the experts will tell you that the vulnerability they know how to pick their victims and they know what it is delaware to control the victim. So that is power relationships for a retake somebody down of what the trafficking in a Sexual Assault victims at home they run away from a bad situation they are already marginalized. So to understand the dynamics to suffer the trauma, negative trauma makes recovery so much harder. Has to be the worst victimization anyone can undergo. I agree. I also think that so many of these kids coming as heidi mentioned are part of the child protective services. This foster care system is an area of the country is going to have to deal with in a major way, not just for trafficking but in general we have an entire generation coming through this that are being not only illserved but simply disappearing and falling through the cracks. So that is something that we have to deal with. In reporting foster children who have run away, the National Center for missing and exploited children is doing great work on tracking foster kids. We are coming up on the end of our time so i wanted to give you the last words. First thank you very much for coming tonight, thank you to the volunteers to help make this easy tonight but most importantly, i would like to leave you with one thing. If you can do one thing having walked out of here that could affect the life of a child, this is the area to do it because you will save a life. I cannot tell you the importance of being involved in this. We are in a perfect storm as a country right now. We are ten years behind where Domestic Violence is right now, that people are talking about it in general over the dinner table, the business conversations, you are talking about it. So i encourage everyone of you if you can pick an area of this issue in Human Trafficking, work on it because we need everybody in this and gentlemen, im going to let straight in the eye. I can sing until im blue in the face about customers and what it is after all these kind of things but men to men, you can play a vital role in stopping this. And i encourage you to get involved in it. What i would say is we are going to deal with the symptoms of this for a long time. How do we protect and help the victims but i would like you to think about how we create a more resilient population to avoid victimization. Early intervention with children whove been traumatized making sure that they get treatment for their trauma. Im a big deal either that a lot of issues that we have come a pervasive poverty, emotional abuse, disruption in the family, alcohol addiction, all of the Adverse Childhood Experiences lead to a lower resiliency for our children. So the best thing, but second best is the childhood treatment that gets recognized so early on when we listen to kids and believe kids when they say bad things are happening so that no matter what evil comes along people can fight back oneonone but they need help right now. So, the army we hope to continue to grow to prevent Human Trafficking in our lifetime and to stop human slavery in our world. [applause]just over 90 minutes. Good afternoon and welcome. Im charles dunlap, the director for the center for science policy and society programs. The lecture this afternoon on the Opioid Epidemic is the