Lawyer, vice chair of the u. S. Commission on International Religion freedom and cofounder of the human rights project. One of the most prominent people who have been speaking out about the uighur situation and genocide in china for years. Tas book learn more about his his life story his his hard work the challenges that he has faced and what he sees Going Forward for the uighur people. So, thank you so much for joining us today nouri. Thank you very much for coming to have this conversation with me, bethany. I would first like to ask you about the book project itself. How did it get started . When did you start thinking of writing a book and how did it come to be . Thank you. If i may id like to begin by thanking my colleagues sarah here at hudson institute. And leadership and the support team professional staff. For sharing their knowledge and supporting my work over the year. Ive been been very pleased to have this opportunity to work with at world class scholars at hudson the idea of writing. This book has been in my mind for a long time, but i never thought that id be writing memoir early in life. In early 2019, you know very well about the frustration that many of us who work in the human rights field not getting enough attention on the the atrocities being committed in china and xi jinping china. I was presented this opportunity at the oslo freedom form to do stage. Talk to openings. Speech and in my speech i highlighted what is happening what was happening and why its happening. And what should we do about it . I highlighted the surveillance aspect that highlighted the collective punishment aspect. I also highlighted the wolf will ignorance feigning ignorance of the Business Leaders such as the ceo of walks back in and also i brought up the the olympic 1936 to make it relatable to the audience that theres so much similarities between what happened to the jewish people during the Second World War and what is happening in china today and then after the talk, i got a lot of complements and and several authors came to me and suggested that i should consider turning this 10 minutes speech into a book. So i started with that and also that was the trigger, but i also believe in the power of storytelling when you for ordinary people average people people are not closely following the politics in china like you and i usually dont see this has been happening for so long. Well, as long as i have been breathing and someone who lived through all of it both inside and outside china, i thought that the stories should be telled by somebody who had been direct and indirect victim of atrocities committed by communist china. Thats one and then two i felt that i owed today weaker community over to the world to share stories of those whose have not had the type of opportunity and platform that i had. And then finally i wanted to use this book and this opportunity to tell the world where educate the world that this is no longer about a group of oppressed ethnic religious minority in china. This is about the future. You know, what kind of feature do we want . Do we want to stop this kind of atrocities happening on worlds watch or do want to keep making empty promise that never again. Yeah. Really struck when im reading your book and i just to me because i cover this issue closely a lot of the stories that you told about the uygers who have been put in the camps, but have been able to leave until their story. I was familiar with their stories, but what was so interesting about hearing you or reading you write about them was you know them and you you dont just its not that you just met them but you you know what theyre where they grew up and you know, the culture is one that you share and because of that i felt that i could really live with them what they were experiencing and i found that to be very powerful. Another thing that i really gleaned from this was your own personal story. So i hope that you can share with everyone watching today some some information about that. We know you as a lawyer. We know you as someone whos very courageous on the international stage, but your childhood is fascinating and says a lot about the trajectory of you know, the experience of uers in china so, you know start if you can with where you were born even the building that you were born in . I you know, i never thought especially coming to the United States pursuing graduate education and becoming a lawyer and living working in Nations Capital and most importantly have to becoming american citizen. I thought that my past history particularly the way that my parents brought me to this world almost irrelevant, you know who would like to talk about tragic stories, even my clothes associates Close Friends did not know that i was born in every education camp during the height of the cultural revolution. And theres so much relevancy to todays suffering that many uers enduring for one for starters a guilt by association my mom and my my mother and my father did not commit any crime their crime to the red guards were my mom happened to be a daughter of a uighur nationalist and my dad being a cousin of or relative of somebody or individuals who migrated to the soviet union controlled uzbekistan back in the 60s, so gilbert association and also the the other aspect very similar is the way that they forced my mom to go through indoctrination like verbal abuse is physical abuses dehumanization that people in in these days been reading in the news and finally the collective punishment aspect even though thats different type of set up that the red guards used to punish and transform uighurs specifically the uighurs who are pious and you know following their way we could traditional life and intellectuals. This is also another similar. My dad is a university educated teacher who was sent to a labor camp to perform agricultural labor. When my mother was taken into the camp, she was very young a few months pregnant with me. So she gave a birth to me in the reeducation camp before while she was pregnant. She got injured so she was in cast while chess down while she delivered me, you know, my as a father of two young kids whove been to the the hospital with my wife was delivering. I know how difficult it is to even go through a normal delivery process let alone being in cast and in that environment. So this makes it very special this helped me to build a special bond with my parents. My mother is 72. Shes still in chinese control xinjiang east turkestan that we just like to call. I havent seen her since my Law School Graduation 2004, and i dont know if i will ever see her again tragically. Ill recently lost my father about a month ago when i was an official trip to uzbekistan representing you he i heard the news on my arrival that he passed away, but most heartwrenching aspect of that. I know that this was coming. I thought that i was prepared, but i wasnt what i was not prepared is the fact that i could not even a able to hold my mom when shes going through when she lost her husband of 53 years old and also that close touch gant and urim ji is about the same distance from here to new york. Its very close same, you know culture same environment and i because i got sanctioned last december by chinese regime. Congratulations. Thank you. Thank you for the policy announcement by the United States government. They includes the olympic boycott additional glove max sanction entity list designation. So ive made it impossible, you know, its easy. For those of us who dont have that kind of childhood family connection, but to me with that sanction, i did not even have a basic freedom to be there for my mom and carried. My dads casket. Yeah. We can get to you know, the reasons that you that you have been separated from your parents for so long and some of the dangers you wrote. I just thought this was such an interesting thing that the the reeducation camp that your mother with and she was i think 19 years old. Yes 19 years old and just a few months pregnant when they when they took her in there. It wasnt hidden away. It was like in a city it was in just sort of in downtown kashgar. Yes, right. And so then when you know, she was eventually released you were released as a baby eventually after the cultural revolution that building was torn down and there was a Movie Theater a mall with a Movie Theater built there and you used to go there. Yeah. See movies there, right which i think is just a very interesting like way of viewing the trajectory of china at that at that time it is it is it is it is almost fascinating that you walk by building where your mother was tortured and where you were kept could not even see the natural daylight the causing a lot of healthy concerns some people even suggested to my mom that i was not going to make it. Because of the the Health Concerns that were associated with my Early Childhood life. That building was a russian built a giant building a building with a giant big windows and doors and then when they turned that into a before they turned that into a mall it was so close to the area that my uncles had shops to sell import export products. I was walking by literally almost like in a regular basis and close to the center of the kashkar the Central Square and then after that turned into mall one of my uncles ended up opening a shop in that mall. So ironic every time when we walk by mom said, oh that was the window. I tried to pick out to see my mother could see me outside the building and i was just the longing to see if your dad will walk by and arrive so i i heard that story. This is why i genuinely believe that the week was never been having a never had a chance to live like a normal human being it started with even in my own life even before i was born to this world. So this is very personal to me sometime when i share a stories of others people like to hear about my story, but the other peoples stories much more horrific heartwrenching as you as you know as a from your previous reportings, and another part of this trajectory that you mentioned is in the 1980s. There was something of a cultural flowering a brief period when kashgar where the chinese local authorities rebuilt some of the traditional things what has happened now though. Its a polar opposite when you know, this is something that i always say using whatever the platform official private. Whenever the governments respect individual rights human rights religious freedom cultural rights. You will naturally have a Stable Society naturally have a happy relatively happy population, even though theres some sort of political repression exist. Some people just willfully choose to look to other way about the political aspect. That was the life for the weaker people. So they were i was able to speak my mother language my native language, which i still do i was able to enjoy cultural and religious life following my dad to go to mosque for and when the religious holidays were permitted even if you if you do that today, you will easily get a label a religious extremism extremist as being the state employee and also underage child. Those are the things are very very normal and also this this may be a news to most people that i and i grew up in a university campus. We had some han chinese professors and they were cool, even, you know as small as not touching the food when they come to visit your house unless the host invite them to do that kind of basic respect has gone today. Its impossible to even see a parent taking the kid to a place of worship. Its gone and also the other thing that is so remarkable. I saw a cultural revival the first uigger language Publishing House was established by the state publishing textbooks today those editors who either worked at that Publishing House or editors who pablo who the authors published book through that Publishing House our languishing in the camps, so its its just its just incredibly different world and then as i wrote in the book they carved out a in area in a Chinese Elementary School to build a mausoleum for one of the most if it cant intellectuals in the turkic history yusufasajip, and this person is is known entire eurasia. And then finally they organized preservation reorganization reorganizing of the weaker Classical Music 12 will come so if if the chinese said, okay, what can we do to make it better . They should look at some of the policies that were working then because they had a little bit more reasonable leadership in beijing that turned into a genocidal region today you were talking about basically the 1980s. Yeah, right. Yeah, so tell us what changed along the way to bring us where we are today the weaker peoples fate uighur peoples live weaker peoples environment. Always have somewhat related to the global geopolitics. Were regional geopolitics. The life was okay for the weaker people even though theres a serious political repression. In the early 90s after the collapse of the soviet union after the gulf war and after the tenement square Pro Democracy Movement in beijing, i think chinas leadership promised themselves. We will not have the same type of faith as the soviets and we will not tolerate any type of political descent. So domestic, june 4th broad Democracy Movement in the late 90s 80s, and then the fall of soviet union in neighboring turkey state declaring independence made the chinese nervous as has been the case with establishment of whats originally known as shanghai but now Shanghai Cooperation Organization seo. It was established at the request of the request of the russia and china, which is a Regional Security organization today, and then they just build up this pressure both inside and outside of china created enemy in the people and then rest of it history as you know. Two things unconditional loyalty and subjugation. So the chinese to the communist party wegers way of life uigger culture identity even the physical appearance something always been treated some a threat or sign of disloyalty. The otherness has been part of the overall thinking in the leadership state propaganda and also even the society i lived in inland china for five years four years in suburb of she and one year in beijing even with my students status and and kind of gainful employment in beijing. I always treated as other even by cab drivers. So theres a systematic racial profiling that stem from the the the concept initially created by put out by social scientists china social scient. And then adopted by the ccc ccp propaganda now become a social attitude and the other pieces subjugation the the chinese tried different methods from the beginning since 1949. People should know that there was a country called east turkestan before stalin handed over to mal in 1949 after assassination after the collapse of the government resulting from the assassination of the most Senior Leadership on the airplane crash. So the they tried different method different ways and then after xi jinping took office will become a become a Supreme Leader of china the things take a dramatic change. They were initially very careful with the language. They always portray social stability ethnic harmony type of propaganda National Legal resentment and then 20152017 the narrative completely changed as you reported they used terms like no mercy rounded up. Everyone should be rounded up and theres a very little resentment within china. So the its both statesponsored. Social and racial profiling discrimination that were part of the practice for a long time that codified and and enforced through a state policy in the last several years. I think one of the one of the challenges that i feel like i face in conveying whats happening in xinjiang to wegers is that some of it is familiar at least to a western audience . Okay, religious ethnic minority in a concentration camp. We have a schema for that, you know because of the holocaust but a lot of it isnt there isnt a simple way to explain the techno authoritarianism that people who arent in camps face. Yeah and the total surveillance state you use the term i think a digital dictatorship authority. There isnt visual authoritarianism maybe starting with the digital authoritarianism if you can describe what that is what it looks like how it affects the daily lives of there and what its for we we rightly have been focusing on those who have been detained in the camps even based on the chinese own white paper 1. 3 million, uyghurs went through reeducation since 2015. Thats a Staggering Number if you add them up. And and and and these practices are still ongoing. But we often forget or ignore the life for the uyghurs outside of the camps who have been subject to surveillance in their every aspect of their lives. Iris can voice scans and this resulted in something very serious to the weaker Community Around the world. Which was the family members made a conscious decision to delete the foreign context including children grandchildren even spouses from their contacts worrying that when theyre walking down the street the mobile command machine or the Police Stopped them and check do a mobile device scan if that data scan catch something as reported by Human Rights Watch report ijop integrate joint operating platform. You will be a profile your data will be sent to the police and you could be subject to reeducation as they call it. Thats one piece the other pieces that early on they did this free medical checkup offering free medical checkup, even for people who had Health Insurance like my parents. A decent Health Insurance if i i might add to collect dna samples even one of the american medical scientists kenneths code kenneth kit at Yale Medical School use the weaker dna samples and with the help of chinese minister of public if a Public Security official at his lab here in the United States, and also the the the facial Recognition Software that also created is such a impossible living environment. For example, if you are going to your parents house or relatives house if you not previously recorded in the facial recognition database, you will not be able to allow to go in so imagine that every apartment complex have the type of doors that we see in the new york metro station with cameras. So thats one piece and then the more recently they added qr code on your doors. So they they know what kind of people they live there. And what kind of activities context that they have. So every aspect of the weekly lives have been surveilled and in the i think that the most important thing that i think people should take away from this part of the conversation, is that to the extent American Public american investors investing in chinas tech authority. Autism not realizing that this will be a bigger problem for the rest of the world to deal with as we speak there more than 80 countries around the world. Not only adopted the chinese surveillance techniques, but expending it on their own. So this is something metastasizing that people should be should be concerned because you know, this is this will affect lives of millions of people when comes to privacy, especially in the United States is americans. We love our privacy this kind of intrusive surveillance may become a new norm and other parts of the world and then the other pieces that what does that mean for democratic system democratic freedom. Are we going to be allow ourselves to have a government or Opposition Group to monitor your voting records. We may not have that problem here, but around the world it may it may be the case and also the security concern so and and this is also already been the United States that commerce commercialization of personal data without permission we have actually this is already part of our lives in here. So there are many important aspect that people need to Pay Attention to so some sometime people think that the chinese developed these techniques Surveillance Technology in xinjiang. Actually it came from the other parts of the china, but only tested with its effectiveness now being exported. This is also part of chinas global ambition using technology to expand their influence. Im very pleased and grateful for the United States government focusing on chinese tech firms this week. There was a news about Biden Administration sanctioning a Worlds Largest camera maker Security Camera surveillance camera, okay, which which has been enabling facilitating the ongoing genocide against the waiver. There was the caregas chinese caregasman who all back over back to the who came to the us just recently and part of his interesting and important testimony is he recognized the hikevision logo on the cameras that were in the mass internment camp that he was in. And you know i so thats real first person evidence of the use of hikvision cameras in in the camps and what theyre for, of course, weve seen that through government tenders. We knew that they were building them there. What else have you seen from the u. S. Maybe other countries that have already happened that havent happened . I have the pleasure to interview the highest matter, the book to highlight. He spent a lot of time in china including a visit after news broke out that there is something bad happening. He had Something Interesting in the book that most of the u. S. Hospitals prison systems use chinas ability. This is already widespread in the book its mentioned u. S. Embassy now closed. One military base. The problem is politicization when those of us called to attention the authoritarians and digital authoritarianism people the roof arrived but they look at what the entities are about the samee book is another interesting information each of these companies from directly related in this leadership. The author mentioned this lobby, the slogans today will rule the world tomorrow so that is the ambition so i think the American People are waking up because government is doing something right about this but i worry the European Countries, even western European Countries are not appreciating the magnitude seriousness of the problem. I want to get into the stories you spent so much of your book onll especially storis about women you give attention to what women have suffered. Can you pick one or two of the women you wrote about and talk about what happened to them especially as women inside and outside of the camps tonight i had the pleasure to work with survivors. I could not interview all of them because of the limited space in the book, i only spoke with three. A camp instructor, assigned toet teach, the most horrifying thing from her was even at her house she was subject to that was very abusive even at her house. Was of the family . Tell us about that because its one of the things that may be brushless know about that but broader audiences may not. A couple of years ago we learned about this program called a program through an extensive report. Essentially with the chinese has done is to send a group to the homes of the uighur people to eat and sleep on invited anyone can appreciate how it can be if somebody comes to your house and tries to join you. And partly using your family, children in this case. Its still ongoing, i interviewed her and she was also expanding and they will check up on you and talk to your children and ask questions like what are you talking about when we are not at home . Children in some instances could lend you into the camp. Is it questions like have you or daddy praying . They tell you to do certain things when we arrive and the Sexual Violence ive been hearing about and it is heartbreaking. I profiled in the book specifically demand favor, sexual favor when they came to stay the stories i put in the book and the survivors and the description, the uighur woman societally proceeded this object in china. Its nothe only me saying the Chinas Embassy without a tweet a year or so ago calling her a baby making machine. After the professor, they took it down. This is when he was ambassador in washington d. C. The embassy can put up stuff, you can imagine the social concept, the attitude could be for a Vulnerable Group of women. The uighur activist i interviewed, it reminded me of the jewish woman who survived the holocaust and shared the stories. I have the pleasure to work with Holocaust Survivors in the uk and it reminds me of the courageous woman and another important aspect in the conversation, we talked aboutry the cultural Reeducation Program for todays collective punishment so much similarities grown through. Forced labor from accusing it to glorify the regime, taking control, focusing and targeting women, even some slogans, but use the term the final solution. You talk about taking children away referenced to state run orphanages where when one or both of the parents are in the camp and as a child, they put them, when they dont teach them uighur, they teach them mandarin, i love the communist party and apart in the Washington Post where 800,000. 800,000 children. In the nations capitol. The Population Inc washington d. C. Was 7150. Io more kids than the population d. C. Lets have the legal ramifications, we can talk about the legal case. Under the rose statute, forcible removal transfer of children from one group to another is itself alone enough to say its genocide. The deliberate systematic prevention natural population has been documented, the other piece in the destruction of the group of people so these are the last two, the sterilization population control and child separation for the most important factors for the United States government secretary pompeo and secretary lincoln calling it a genocide. I would like to share a story, i was giving a talk at Ucla Law School around the time the reporting you did, a young student came to me and asked me if i could help save his sister and my question actually was what happened to your sister . He said my mom is a successful publisher and my dad was working withth her in both of them are detained, recently mom was transferred to a fauci to perform forced labor and what happened to your sister . He said shes with my ailing grandmother. If something happens to her and my sister will be sent to a state run orphanage. This profiled a father who recognized his son in his orphanage propaganda material. One of many cases i personally heard, it is heartwrenching. What kind of people will take your children away from you . It sounds like the basic human conversation that policymakers should ask themselves, what will happen to them if they take away their children from theirhe wiv . Recognizing the video, a promotional video somewhere. What if your children dont recognize you ands call someone elses father . This keeps me awake at night specifically what happened to the uighur woman and children. What kind of future could you have when you dont have women and children . Chinese authority, policymakers no exactly what they are trying to accomplish so it bothers me people still debate whether this is genocide or not. This speech group that refers to breaking the latest cutting of the root and breaking the lineage that we dont want the next generation of leaders to be leaders in a cultural , very specific and its a policy in chinas system you dont have to have like we do think tanks picking up issues to study and they dont have congress to debate and no reporters to report. None of this is but chinas official slogan like that it becomes policy and we have seen that being commented. You talk about forced sterilization. There are horrifying aspects and some truly pointless cruelty, he was 48. They had to go under a surgical force sterilization at that age. Serious health issues. Shes been hospitalized a number of times, this is public. Such ars private matter, people dont casually talk about this is all unusual feeling compelled to share these stories. She was not even planning to have another baby and already close to a middle aged woman before they go through sterilization, it is cool. I know that the u. S. Has led a lot on this issue and your work has been very important in that. What are specific actions . We talked about this already but theres a genocide designation, there have been sanctions and Technology Companies put on the entities list. Weve hardly touched on this and we need to talk about forced labor and supply chain issues and the act passed recently, we are forced labor prevention act. Can you walk us through what is forced labor and why is it happening . What is the u. S. Doing to try to get the products out of Global Supply chain . The issue you raised makes the issue even more relatable, general American Public, American Peoples interest. Forced labor is not new to the uighur people. We talked about this in the city where i was born and raised, chinese authorities use leaders to perform forced labor irrigation system. It has been part of the uighur life for a long time, theres an entity of the core the controls this field, water resources. They have been enslaving uighur people the last 40 or 50 years, its ongoing but the fact that this has become an industrial scale practice in recent years, traditionally Global Brands have them in coastal cities andov because of this program will give Chinese Government credit for created labor shortage. That labor shortage compelled businesses to move the assembly line. Plenty of Natural Resources they dont have to transport, Agricultural Products and the dirty quote to build solar panels and a convenient location, you have market e accs to eurasia, over 600 miles on the National Border and lend axis, a huge market. Those are the reasons they move their manufacturing to that part of the country. What is new is the uighur movement has been used in literally everything including ppe used to save lives even to this day, New York Times reported that practice a couple of years ago and Beauty Products using uighur womens hair, one shipment only. I asked female friends to come up with an estimate how many womens heads need to be shaped to make these and nobody can give any accuracy. You mentioned here the womenn at camp had their heads shaved and i know that shipment came from a fauci close to a detention facility so the idea is that this has such an echo of the holocaust, their heads are shaved and now the air is for profit. Targeting African American community targeting american women with their preference. Then the solar panel, we need to save the planet. At what cost . These things are new. I remember when i was in law school, the locals manual have a plant in china, its like a legit business paid less than the others but now the fullscale industrial scale we deal with so the United States government has them wr owes and now this adulation, i command the leadership in u. S. Congress is a President Biden deserves credit for signing it, this piece of legislation becomes law. It took time to get there but pretty quick. Being sanctioned has something to do with it as well. Really . I didnt know that. If you look at the timing three things happen during that time. Signing the law in. It is an interesting time to say the least. So what the law does is push responsibly over to the business the United States they are not using forced labor unless they presume to be forceu labor. In china theres internal migration even if you manage to stop forced labor practices through legal means and tools, they can move it to the neighboring area so pushing it over to the businesses, its one of the most effective ways. We shall see but will go into force and it will be in fermented next month, june 21 to be exact but businesses may find a way to ask for labor exception. And they have not been up to the plate yet. Invading ukraine, it took about two or three days for businesses to pull out or suspend business practices. To this day if you count late 2016, almost sears advocates who tried to stop this have not been able to make one u. S. Company to make it budge. A few of them tried and they were subject to state sponsors boycott in china. It is a very competent work but if the law is implemented it will address the lingering issues in u. S. China trade in china joined wto. What you will be able to solve the supply chain problem if you dont address it, sometimes Business Leaders and lobbyists push against trying to convince congress and the administration go hard on china in this particular issue would create a supply chain. We cannot handle something pushing it to the side or cover it up. It has to be dealt and i think it is important in the u. S. , eu relationship, i was pleased itn was taken for g7 and they did not issue joint committee but was included in the statement saying we will push back, we never thought the uighur issue would make it to g7. Europeans have not figured out the comprehensive agreement investment is on hold. Who knows what will happen but i hope the europeans australians, japanese, canadians have something similar in place for this global effort otherwise we will not be able to stop this. When i first heard this law putting it together, i thought the idea was brilliant because at the time you talk to cdp and customs and Border Protection its already against the law for people to bring products made with forced labor into the u. S. But it was on this tiny office, totally understaffed complex supply chain audit you have to do with china. It puts it on the company and makes it theoretically possible to force u. S. Law as it did. You raise important points. Not only do they have specific legal tools oral mandates, we ae still understaffed. We are o talking about that 15 people, the whole United States government has about 15 people test to do this. United states remains to be the largest destination along with European Countries. To basically almost werent doing it relying on media reports so the great sign. Still obligated and difficult because of the chinese side its been next to impossible next to the on the ground audit. Absolutely. Emphasize your role of the consumers in the United States you have to create uncomfortable environment for policymakers and Business Leaders you cannot ignore this. Al some officials read some pushback and even some lobbying u. S. Chamber of commerce today didnt think it was a good idea to have this law so consumers need to create an environment policymakers forced to do the right thing and also consumers could have a huge role to play and make it costly for businesses to continue this. Otherwise theres one example we went to, among who promoted this initially, three jewish leaders who published advertisement in the New York Times and the viewership. Viewers dropped to half. That is significant. I dont know whats going through it exactlyly but therea Huge Consumer act. You live in a free society, people have the choice not to watch or buy things. Window one affect being labeled genocide with that, it was difficult for advertisers and brands to run as many as because everyone knew there was a genocide. Speaking of that, you remind me of something, genocide olympics sponsored by companies implicated in these practices. Not that difficult, some have been in congress, they wouldnt even acknowledge theres something bad happening in that part of the world. More important, its unamerican because we a have a history. This country has a history of slavery, history of notng listening to people facing genocide so if it does not wake up, i dont know what will. I want to remind something thats an action in the Genocide Convention making this treaty almost irrelevant as a 2019 i believe over 150 parties in the convention, state parties to call out, stop and punish so eight hundred and problem including our own and what they are supposed to do as a baby step, number one. Im very pleased with the progress in this particular for people who make in the United States with Financial Investment having major laws requiring resources and lobbying efforts. I am pleased congress did this without anyone investing penny and i am pleased theres a bipartisan policy response by Previous Administration but what is missing is global efforts, a coherent plan. I dont think anyone has put ahe plan to stop the genocide like the way the National Community together tried to push back against putins invasion in ukraine. I remember that i found sopr incredibly disheartening although appropriate action in International Olympic committee when russia invaded ukraine called for countries to cancel events with russia coming on the hills of the lyrics urging ioc and it was the position of that which is hard to see. They have not said a word never mentioned what is happening. That transition was in the last thing i want to talk about which is the global indications of the weaker genocide. The dignity of the uighur people, its importantnt enough for everyone in the world to care but because of chinas position, their ability desire to reshape global institutions has added weight in terms of what the 21st century is going to be one of the ways the Chinese Government has beenak trying to make the world safe for genocide for her ever wants to commit it . Thats an important question everyone should be talking about. As i alluded earlier one might think these horrific experiences uyghurs have gone through is another human rights problem. Ccp doing is doing is Touching Every aspect of our lives whether it be a moral obligation historical concerns of regrets technological aspect of our lives or the products that we use at home. The products they use at home for globalf leadership and their privacy. Anything that somehow relates to ethe uyghur genocide. I dont want people to think in reading my book they should feel that this is not only about this is about the future. If the times get away with us then this will become the new normal. You know i personally think this is too much of a problem for the world in the last 10 years. Im very critical of our international system. We have to dress International Entities today. The last 10 years alone we have seen three campaigns the rohingya and then the uyghurs. The last two were genocides. And wheres the action . If we let this go if its perpetuated reputational or otherwisehi we will see this again. If you stop this historical promise the treaty obligation the moral obligation better place for the future can be guaranteed so i think this is about leadership. This is about conscience for future and this is about compassion. Quote that i put up during my speech is a good way to remind people. People sometimes feel in different. Different religious groups and different ethnic groups and the fact that the people feel so attacked today is because theyow have seen it before. At the end of the day when it happened he may not have people to speak for you so i hope in this book will compel policymakers ordinary citizens to do whatever they can lending their voices initiating new responses and putting in place legal tools even at personal cost. You are a great example of china going after individuals just for doing their job. To do the right thing for a better future. They make a Perfect Place to end. Thank you for your time today and thank you for this book and the work that you done andhi continue to do on this topic. Thank you all of you for joining us today