They are here today. People in those days were existing and not in a vacuum. How can we take in affecting our world today. Writing about wilsonwas trying to see how he was 20 i off of the past. The more i read the newspapers today, the more i say or feel that when the leader walks in the office today Woodrow Wilson takes office it is like a cleane. Slate. Either you remember nothingrc or there is a whole new setti of circumstances. As i suggested in the beginning of the talke we were an isolationist country with every good reason to be. People did not wantdo not want to go to war. , no one could invade us. s and then a series of the circumstances unfolds. The more going on thousands of miles away, the world shrunk. Got eyes of becoming increasingly interconnected. Can we just sitds here thousands of miles away and watch germany trample over belgium . Us doing not have something weo must do . So we have to make the world safe for democracys . Woodrow wilson knew a lot about history. Making history is a different matter because he sits in a chair no one else sits in. Has to make the best choices he can. And sometimes historical example just does not work. Do you want to take a quick one . Wait for the microphone. You have taken this huge historical figure and will write multiple volumes on him. How do you know how long it will take you, how any volumes you will end up with and do you think you will keep on track . But of cou much respect. Beneficent question and have been at the time. That is why we have somebody called in medicare and. [laughter] is not for him the book that i w wrote to would be more than it is. Penguin likes to say you cannot sue if you drop by your foot. [laughter] i think that is a justified stevens. But 300 pages was taken now believe it or not on volume one that is what i into a with the manuscript of volume to. Because after a while you achieve the opposite of pure gold you bludgeon them instead of eliminating them. But i will say that this story of stalin has the dark the arc. The the russian empire, building of theildi dictatorship and agriculture that is where the first volume since 1928 decides to slaves the nomads and the war with hitler in the of build upi that isth subtitled waiting for hitler. Went is he modernizing the military . Th and then this is where this volume ens 1942 and the third volume is the cold war in depth but stolid has a big life after he dies and a big figure today. Three years after his death and there is the fighting whether to keep the of legacy. Is so there is no natural ending in some ways. [laughter] that is because he sees when you pick up a biography. Especially with eisenhower but we are given a certain set of facts. L id we hope you are reading a dramatic story. That is what a biography is about. 84 being your hear. [applause] [inaudible conversations] to this b if you have any devices silence them now. If you are tweeting use a the gbf15. There are served by a surveys online. Led the organizers know what they think. Mark stockwell will be signing books after her presentation. This is a free event but it does help if you purchase books it encourages publishers to send offers and the authors to the show. Mark stockwell earned her ph. D. At from the university of toledo currently a fellow at the university of michigan where she is researching her next book. Including the ohio adventure and was the past twitter from the association of educational publishers. Her book the other trail of tears the removal of the ohio tribes. [applause] stakes for inviting me to gaithersburg. Everybody in this hot tent and also cspan. It is wonderful. I am glad that you mentioned that i was a teacher there was one name that would cause a riot it was interjects and. If i said it to the undergraduates and though wave of hatred was overwhelming. In that he wrote of new orleans. Is there something good i could say about Andrew Jackson . They would say absolutely not. So why . They would say the trail of tears. He sent to the cherokee west so we will always a despised them. There is something i have learnt and those people know about the trail of tears. To me it is tragic it is the bigger story going back in time to a the war of 1812, back in space north of the ohio river and then we forget them. What becomes of the delaware what happens to them . They go down the other trail of tears and there is responsibility. I found if i had to start with one name i would not start with jackson but to come some of the great warrior to cable up with a plan to give them a homeland of their own ohio illinois in the old ohio country. He said i will pick a day in dollar all my warriors they will rise up in murder every American Indian woman child and livestock west of the appellations in they will be so terrified afterwards they will run for their lives. Then all of that beautiful land will be ours forever. All my students loved tecumseh. But i would be pouring drinks double right now. He would have won the great midwest. He comes close but he defeats the warriors at tippecanoe. He goes forward and the war of 1812 breaks out hitting it is an indian war and tecumseh did it does it together as an indian state and he almost wins. Very close stopping in battle after battle and he dies but even after the belgium brights the peace treaty and then they try with all their might to do something nice for the indians who have fought to end so nice and they tell the americans we will not sign the treaty unless you give the Indian Country with the ohio Country House to become the indian nation. John quincy adams is one of the negotiators. Absolutely not. They finally say we have nothing at stake but the important article that is called articled mine. Article nine that is peace river between the americans and the indians in the of british then we will go back at 1811 and act as if we were never at war but that peace and when henry clay saw the document he said they will take us back before tippecanoe and tecumseh and John Quincy Adams was just as mad and told madison dont sign the treaty is a testament to what the indians wanted. En to James Madison had almost seen his country dismembered with the war of 1812. He said this is a tremendous document our country is secure. Lets have peace out west and forget we ever fought on the western frontier. So they sent negotiators out to the tecumseh tribes there were told to meet clark or harrison for the treaties of peace. Tribe after tribe and piece after piece we will live in peace forever. Was there a piece on the western frontier 1850s onward . They would have had to find another topic. So many want to go out to the black soil of ohio nobody had gone west for so long. But people are walking to ohio 24 hours a day. To get me and keep this is a great opportunity. I will ask you a question but think about this. Imagine you are president of the united states. You just a promise to the indians total peace. If you had to set policy for the far western countries . I get to ask them but i dont have to insert them. But that is the position in monroe would have when elected. He he is facing a disaster of the western frontier to say i am coming up with a new indian policy. We will buy it from them but i will let this day of the country they sell them put them on reserves fuseli and ordinance and drowned handwrought township squares around them and they can stay in the old country. They have to become exactly like us overnight commercial farmers, a dress like us walk and talk like us and send their children to school. It sounds terrible but this is what he said. So when the americans rushed up to the edges they will look so much like them they will not destroy them but blent and the peace forever. Will this work . But monroe picks ohio as a place to implement. At the foot of the rapids and it is told he will get the reserves. At least you can stay here and have peace. So what are the options left open . You get a sense at how trapped these tribes are. There is no boundary line. Little pieces of ground. And then to be overnight because then they are coming your way. The great delaware nation says the will of one little reserve 1 mile by 1 mile square but the rest of us are leaving we have had it. We will exchange our land in indiana into the delaware forever. And his own trail of tears when they get to arkansas they say at least we are ourselves. But the seneca gets a 40,000acre reserve your ohio to say we have the greatest farmers and orchards. The property will be the envy of every settler but do not give us a priest or of mr. Or lawyers or politicians we will remain iroquois. To say we will be the best farmers and we will even let quakers teach the children how to add and subtract we just dont want your religion. We dont trust you. But the ottawa and a place called the black swamp say nobody would want to live there. But the audit with think we could to stay there forever. And they say we will do anything you ask farm salmon orchards and homesteads to divide our lead behalf dash leland. We will become so much like you to get to thats reserved. I gave five options what would you do now . The great experience being run lets try to see if we can make it. When i discover this is all these people were given more time. Alleys you have a lot of choices. Or the drumbeat of opposition. Plywood say sellers. That i that all those greedy americans want all that land. No. The indians questioned it midi said this is terrible. Is this how we followed tecumseh . Or the proud warriors to give up the dairy life and now you will be a farmer. Many shawnee said we are leaving. So the profit is still alive. Ended juicy we cannot stay in americans anymore. With diseases and drunkenness and violence and will not rest until we have every territory but petition in after petition you can imagine my surprise the send us west. They will get their wish eventually. In the superintendent but maybe they are meant to be wild hunters and then they start killing to send the people west. I asked what you do if you are president now we are ted years down the road what about 1825 with all these people to be ending to be sent to west . Sodiums monroe says that removal and adamss the next president and says it is hopeless. In the the indians are suffering. He would have done it if not for the fact that a million was appointed secretary of war within the my head never heard of rand said why was it why must we do one thing or the other . Why dont we go to the individual indians and ask what do you want to do . If you want to stay or go be will help you. Nobody listens because in 1828 Andrew Jackson is elected president he does not come up with the indian removal on his own. He is tipping the balance and then runs for office to say i will take everybody in the east to be sent west and all of those settlers i am giving them tens of millions of acres idle what Little Nation states rising up. If you want to stay on this side of the Mississippi River . If you want to retain a dignity you have to go. So with the indian removal act passes. I can do this. Attendance. I cannot believe i saw the side with my bad guys. I used to do this to the students i swear they had stopwatches our senators and representatives voted against a. I wish i could talk about the actual removal but that is the second half of my book of the other trail of tears. But the senate to leave 1831 when they get out to the west they tell William Clark what do we do with our staff from ohio . He says what would you kerry from ohio . Go down to the Mississippi River there is a warehouse put it there. In they have their stuff piled to the ceiling increase. They are plows and spades and hosed they are farmers. He reaches into grab some peach pits they had orchards why are we pushing them west . Why did i recommend this but it was too late to. So in 18328 tel jackson so were leading in taking our horses with us. The one time in jacksons life where he changed his mind and then the audit will be though was an eyewitness things that you hear is when they were boarded on ships the sound of wheeling and crying was heard for miles primarily children. The vast majority are under 10 or 20 or 25 the children are sent west. The last group those they find it better than anybody then they give up and leave. They planned their removal not one government agent sent them west. Then to leave with a warning. You send us to kansas. What will happen in another 10 years . Slaveholders in people wanting free labor will be running over kansas. We will be pushed out you will be in a civil war they warned the united states. But i have to say in conclusion right away is starts to haunt people in ohio with the generation that saw this happen and they were troubled the indians took get much better. There was the chief called the squire grey eyas did wind they were crying he said why . Are we