Out was roosevelt . [laughter] i realize with this crowd you probably were her neighbor. [laughter] so nonetheless i will try to set the context for the reading that my coauthor coauthor, marc peyser will do. I may be going over the familiar territory but for the sake of the crowd of one to take a minute to make sure i cover up the details. You will see behind me a family tree that appears in the book that is the expanded version and it is actually simplified. The actual line because we start with the american founder of the family neck and was quite literally has tens of thousands of descendants at this point so really we just highlight the story and provide you with the two branches of hyde park and Oyster Bay Branch and those to become symbolically very important in the story. This year roosevelt senior, the father of fear roosevelt was really the person who pioneered that civic minded his of the family and he was a remarkable man who founded hospitals in museums in charitable causes to have a big influence on his for remarkable children being Theodore Roosevelt, who became the president , president , korean, and the and eliot so theodore and elliott were brothers and very competitive he had alice and two days later his wife died from complications of an undiagnosed Kidney Disease the exact same day his mother died so theodore had a difficult psychological blow. The impact of that plays throughout alices life and it is one of the remarkable thing is of a complicated relationship with her father and feeling she had to compete for his attention and as we discuss in the book, even in her nineties she was still talking how complicated her relationship with her father was but the short story is she adored him and very much wanted to protect his legacy perk girl eliot had a daughter eleanor born the same year as alice alice, immediately there is the number of parallels. One of them that alice was orphaned because her father gave her over to her aunt to be reappraised and went off to the badlands and disappeared from her life for the first three and a half years. Eleanor was famously orphaned by the time she was ted and she had an incredibly tragic and sad childhood within the space of two years she lost the in your brother, then her mother then her father whom she adored unfortunately she drank himself to death alcoholism one of the challenges the runs through both sides of the family tree and her father was a tragic and very public and messy a sample of that per car she was left in the care of her maternal grandmother who lives in upstate along the hudson river coincidentally just a few miles from the Hyde Park Estate where the distant cousins lived and the only unhappy times and her childhood was in the summer cyrus she could spend time with uncle teddy he had remarried edith and started another family in dallas was brought back into the family at that point but she talks about how she was the odd man out to be teased to not have the same long as the rest of them so as children they became very good friends and were raised almost like sisters the time there were to gather together. One of the more important Holiday Events at 14 years old there were at a dance at corrine house in new jersey and dallas was dancing as a very vibrant outgoing young woman but eleanor was shy the alternate wallflower trying to be ignored. Weber 14 that powless is dancing with one of her cousins than whispered something in his ear then he walked over to eleanor word you like to dance . Without was franklin purposes she actually introduced the two as teenagers they have met a few times but really had no strong connection. Paul lots is made about the relationship that eleanor married her cousin Franklin Roosevelt so her name was Eleanor RooseveltRoosevelt White european royalty but their relationship to see from the family tree that franklin comes from this side and eleanor descending from this side there were thousands of people more closely related to each of them ben franklin and eleanor so it isnt the european royalty concept. In fact, among the people who are closely related to eleanor was Zachary Taylor in for franklin, his third cousin was ulysses s. Grant to give you how far afield you get talking about this. That being centcom the interconnection of the roosevelt family was extraordinary. It is not the only example of cousins marrying each other but franklins halfbrother had a daughter who married into the Hyde Park Branch im sorry Oyster Bay Branch and what is my favorite example is a coincidence when franklin father before she was born there on their honeymoon traveling to europe ben day to into eliot and asked him to be their godfather of there first child. Think about this. Eleanors father was the godfather of her future husband. [laughter] so that is all over the place in in that business is the shorter version i will not recap the presidency other than alice took full of advantage to be on center stage and she was the famous with irv a celebrity to enjoy the variety and the door famously said when being challenged from her behavior that i can either run the country or her control alice i cannot do both. [laughter] and alice love to do things like she was not allowed to smoke under his roof she would go to the roof rand smoke up there. She had early signs of being someone who didnt want to color between the alliance she married an upandcoming ohio politician who would eventually become speaker of the house they had a stormy and tempestuous and by the end filled with infidelity to the point that alices daughter is widely understood was not bothered by nicholas but the senator from idaho and alice illustrates her sense of humor when she suggested the child would be named to debra and her family prevailed upon her not to do that but she continued to be a celebrity she made the cover of Time Magazine le before anyone had heard of eleanor saw she had a long time to rule that social circuit in the meantime eleanor was increasingly politically active then during the Wilson Administration her husband wanted to imitate Teddy Roosevelts rise so he lobbied to become assistant secretary of the navy and to a large extent most of them did not take him too seriously that this guy was trying to pretend to be like the famous gigantic Teddy Roosevelt but then he dies very suddenly and everyone had been expecting him to run for president again so there is a big for a. What happens . The democrats recharger the assistant secretary of the navy to nominate him for Vice President as horrified as the Oyster Bay Branch because naturally they thought the political legacy poland to teddy, jr. Who was a war hero coming back from france so they campaigned vigorously against franklin in the election that starts the hissing part because now you have a competition for teddys crown so the Oyster Bay Branch campaigns against franklin 1924, a junior runs for governor of new york state which is another stepping stone that teddy took to the white house. Franklin is felled by polio so eleanor steps in to organize now looking back their wonder if the dirty trick to create the singing teapot the door was assistant secretary of the navy during the teapot dome scandal so well running for the governorship of new york state the democrats decided to charge him with the orioles 01 eleanor had a car with a large papiermache teapot point on top of it the steam would come out the spot that wrenched through new york state issue was proud of the fact and issued a press release giving herself as the architect that would campaign for truth with suffragettes including her own daughter in the press love the idea won the campaign against the other. Looking back she admitted it was the rough stunt and apologize but only survey branch never forgave her. Jump ahead to the depression in franklin is running for the white house 1932 iran once again the Oyster Bay Branch comes out vigorously campaigning against him even edith he really believed a womans job to appear and the paper is just when you are bored or married or died even she came around to make public appearances including one at Madison Square garden at republican rallies ever so desperate to keep roosevelt out of the warehouse. That brings us to the reading of you will hear from march 1933 this is the evening franklin has been inaugurated and eleanor and franklin are facing the first day in the warehouse to a large extent powless believes belongs to her and her family so with that i will turn that over to my coauthor to give you a chapter from. I dont read out of a actual book i am an editor at par and have edited my own book. [laughter] reader on a monday evening of the inauguration and the president might have insisted the only thing we have to fear is fear itself but he forgot to check with his wife. Eleanor was of a nervous wreck with her first Inauguration Day as first lady and stood shivering and apprehensive as they walked from the east portico from that inauguration platform. Weld a landmark speech was only 15 minutes the parade was 6 miles and several hours the crowds were so tremendous you felt they would do anything if Somebody Just told them what to do it was very solemn and a little terrifying. The president would not but a gentle the last of the marching bands had filed by vichy had to be for the to get the to breach the 1,000 cast invited for t although 3000 showed up. Then she would slip on her down to the franklin behind again to attend the inaugural ball. That was the easy part a few hours earlier she endured a far more fearsome defense when extended roosevelt family arrived to celebrate the latest trial there were 75 for a buffet dinner with not a drop to drink because prohibition was not repealed and tell that december the guest list was fdrs mother that sat with pride waiting to welcome the guest. Eleanor erred discarded usual protocol to greet them herself up the door cousins teddy and archie and her cousin laura uncle fred did and then a cousin allison first no one knew how to react after all this was the party for a victory she tried to snuff out. They chatted that alice had the good sense to limit the conversation to praise the courage roosevelt then she walked over to eleanor she thought her cousin could use some pointers you can learn how to handle affairs like this. I will help you if you would like not everyone appreciated her condescending brand of goodwill and mother expressed but almost two years of widowhood had done nothing to curb her style or compulsion. For lifetime claim on the white house was as strong as ever she did not obeid drop by on the first day but was there the day before it to visit the previous tenants, the hoover and said she wanted to take the a yearold daughter to say goodbye to her old friend but clearly there was more bed curiosity. They look like figures from waxworks stiff and wounded and bruised that was the third of march the next night dinner at the white house dinner at franklins all of us theyre having a good time. The fact that she even showed up to celebrate was not entirely shocking though given her support for the ticket it was like of player from the losing super bowl team. In the years that followed that alice kept coming back faced with the agreed reality had two options to deal with her hyde park relatives to make peace as her brother did or take a vow of hostility. Naturally she chose both. [laughter] she cursed in nearly every one of his policies and would mock eleanor with every invitation they offered the more belligerent numbers were disgusted by her willingness to associate with white house. The neck could not help feeling it was the enemy to a war. But for her part issue is expected to speak softly just like the previous first ladies for cry know traditionally what should lie before me i watched mrs. Roosevelt and knows what it means to be the wife of a president and i cannot say i was pleased. Her force monotony lasted exactly todays. Monday after the inauguration she conducted a press conference that was notable on its own no first lady held her omaha press conference she only allowed female reporters to attend her form of affirmative action to underscore the disadvantages women faced including the media. The first conference attracted 35 female reporters some had to sit on the floor. Eleanor are arrived carrying candied fruit and passed it around to focus on topics she felt would interest women and would not answer anything political as that was the president s role. If she would go to close to the hotbutton issue the women bush cautioned her to yell out mrs. Roosevelt you better put that off the record. No wonder t hour old friend soon would coax powless to enter the wish Washington Press corps herself and commissioned her to write the a deal position of a president s wife after all food better to opine on tradition and and how to break it then Princess Alice . She took a poke the road to an invisible ink to focus on her means rather than her actual policy choices. If eleanor was overstepping her bare trees allison was a so directly that she was fair game. There is always a possibility that people will say they did not collect her. And in 1933 to recover a Time Magazine so it is entitled eleanor every where. That it is up to the women for every normal human being and but yet again fast on her cousins coattails she has published her autobiography beds is of fairly bloodless political memoir but still is sold well in with the 30 plus years of celebrity for every city east of the mississippi that is the weaker book hit the stands except the women only made the top of the list in washington and became a sparring match then by will rogers. And a handful of prominent people who was a friend to both powless and eleanor equally. The 55 roles was touring alaska when his plane crashed on takeoff killing him. His column will rogers says as a fixture to 40 million per day now they needed it informed wellknown writer to fill his space and Princess Alice was just the person but the trouble is she did not enjoy writing very much herself i shall never write another book. My vocabulary is too limited. But the publisher pursued her and she gave in. More than 75 newspapers bought the column sight unseen when the editors said the United Feature Syndicate period column to compete naturally her name was on the short list but they run not sure she could pull it off. Over the 25 papers bought the column called my day. While she focused on in washington politics hers was abroad and soft report one if alice spent one day to use clock about cabinet secretary on the same day she might recount to the district of Columbia Training School for a delinquent girls. Alice was the senate the roles they played since being a teenager saugh. I am trying hard to be impartial but when i think of frank geller in the white house i could grind my teeth to powder and blow them out my nose. Perhaps the only person on the planet referred to the president does frank naturally she was more formal to his face. But i would call him franklyn the woodwinds he wanted me to call him mr. President. For instance she attacked the administration relentlessly over the plan to take United States off the Gold Standard is on that as another example of his power maundering and in her column she would refer to him as the economic royalist and she lost that argument president roosevelt signed that into law january 1934. And had the pleasure to sit next to Alice Longworth as the bill was passed. Alice and took it on the chin and smiled but she also had the last laugh. A few days later on her next visit to a formal function and she showed up wearing a blue velvet gown along with a collection of well chosen and accessories for for years to shoulder some bloating gold pulled hindu earings shaped like cornice of plenty with a heavy gold chain that dingell a cherokee indian in green gold the watch bracelet was white gold and she even more ever gold site comes in her hair. Eleanor found herself caught in for web things for her genius for mimicry alice lampooned eleanor like a talking horse out of proper finishing school and her act started as a Cocktail Party stunned but was infamous than a gossip columnist would report whenever she added a new feature. Eleanor recalls being a luncheon when she asked alice, i give your impersonation of me now. The old ways self assured seemed briefly in an easy before performing the routine and eleanor laughed if she was hurt she did not give balance the satisfaction of responding. In fact, she said the most helpful criticism that i ever received was a takeoff of me on the radio of my cousin alice. She did it for me one afternoon i cannot help to be amused that it was tetraethyl picture and had many things to correct. Not surprisingly though washington class started to predict powless exile from the white house once and for all programs such shot hot topic at the all female Weekly Press Conference when asked if it was true and eleanor denied it but alice told a different story. Years later she said she dropped a series of hints. When eleanor came to the white house you were always welcome here pretty never feel that you have to come. [laughter] so i went with the enthusiasm it had a lovely malicious time then a little while later i got another communication i am told they were bored and i never want you to be that. So i wrote her a cheerful reply how disagreeable people are trying to make more trouble than theyre over the years i have enjoyed myself denizli the is this to say eleanor would never ask me again. Is true she could test the limits but when eleanor and Franklin Simon james said asian neighbor to a Government Commission fdrs reply was i dont like anything to do with that woman but the invitations kept coming franklin and eleanor invited her february february 12th analysis 50th birthday but it could run in the other direction also. People really following this or what is inside the beltway stuff like lincoln . There was some woman in history who kept the white house wouldnt let anyone talk to her. So how much was the story really followed outside . Exactly. Interestingly enough it was closely followed. A lot of our sources or research for the original newspaper articles that came from all over the country. I think what happened was with the roosevelt family in particular you had the rise of Theodore Roosevelt and also sort of coincides with the beginning of a Real Communications revolution and so you now have the ability of stories to be sent across the country very quickly and not long after that you have the beginning of radio and so increasingly this was something that was followed throughout the whole country. And alice in particular. Its tough to understate just how much of a celebrity she was really for the first half of the 20th century. Everywhere she went including hollywood the l. A. Papers were a god and hollywood the 1930 starlets but when alice showed up it would make the front page. Blanche cook and her biography of eleanor seems to indicate that the rivalry between alice and eleanor increased sharply in 1917 and 18 when both of their marriages were failing should we say and that alices jealousy was reflected in part because of the unhappiness and its also when alice encouraged fdr to be seeing more of lucy mercer and i did actually i think several times lucy and fdr to her own house for dinner as a sort of getting back at eleanor so i wondered if you wanted to comment on all of that. Yeah, in alices case her marriage took place in 1906 and was within just a few years troubled so they had a very compressed u. S. Match really right from the start and one of the complicating factors was when Teddy Roosevelt ran as an independent. The bull moose or Progressive Party in 1912 and essentially split the republican vote. Its the only time that you had a Third Party Candidate actually get more electoral and popular votes than one of the Major Party Nominees so in order with Wilson Roosevelt and William Howard taft way down at the bottom. And that longworth felt obligated to stay over loyal republican and alice was siding with her father and that brought a lot of attention to the marriage and a lot of public attention was probably the beginning of a time when people started to talk about alice threatening divorce. So they have a seesaw marriage for years. Frank and roosevelt case you are correct the fall of 1918 i believe, is that right . When eleanor discovers the letters, the lucy mercer letters in franklins luggage and that thats sort of a real blow to eleanor and really fundamentally change the marriage and change the eleanor and yes before that alice as part of her malicious activities when eleanor would take the children up to campobello up to the roosevelt summer home alice would invite lucy mercer to dinner and franklin to dinner and she said famously to have remarked when someone took her to task for that she said i feel sorry for franklin. After all he is married to eleanor. He said he deserves a good time, he is married to eleanor which is a little bit less nice. [laughter] but yes at the end of the day i think its entirely likely that alice enjoyed seeing eleanor go through this if for nothing else a little bit of shock because she was so desperately unhappy and then her affair with senator bora takes place, really starts to take off in the late teens and early 20s so alice is 40 years old when she gives birth to her first and only child and it was an open secret in washington that alina was not nick longworths child. He didnt know and he was the only person that didnt know it and yet he was to his credit a very devoted father. Unfortunately he died when alina was only about seven years old but for the first seven years of her life he was really remarkably devoted dad which was sort of amazing because you was quite a party or in a ladies man and not really one for domestic life but that changed in a little bit. Thank you for the question. I was just thinking about something. I think you are probably right there was tension because it came from the fact that both of their marriages fell apart but the rivalry between the two cousins predated that considerably. Eleanor was always the perfect girl. She was Teddy Roosevelts favorite niece because she always did everything just as we saw her do for her entire life. Alice quickly learned she could never compete in a family like that so she became the bad girl, the smoker, the gambler so it became her goal to sort of go to eleanor a little bit to get her fathers attention. Why cant you be more like your cousin eleanor is what was said to alice so in a way not surprising that throughout life they developed into completely different people and when alice had an opportunity to accentuate her strength which was to be malicious, she did. She also genuinely i think cared for eleanor throughout her life and she felt that eleanor needed to lighten up. She felt she was never happy which i think isnt that true. She was only happy when she was being a dogooder. She was not a particularly happy mother. She wasnt a very happy wife and alice thought the eleanor should enjoy life more so that was her way of playing it up not necessarily recommended but that was her way. She was happy with her on friends male or female. Eleanor. Eleanor was yes. Yes but those were people she was helping. I think she was happiest when she tells you to be of service to someone whether they were female reporters are the people who became her biographers. I mean she wasnt a miserable sit in the dark all day long kind of person obviously but i think alice was right when she felt that eleanor didnt have a lot of joy in life and alice was very much a her mother and her grandmother died essentially two days after she was born. She said if you waste time life goes by and you dont have anything to show for it so they had completely different philosophies which informed the way they reacted. Did alice come to admire eleanor for any of her good works . They seem in some ways though they would have been secretly alice would have been against the kind of good works that eleanor was doing. Its a great question. I guess there are two parts to that answer. So one is that there are most almost two different alices. There was alice before eleanor stepped on the one after and after eleanors death it was almost like the game was over and when you look at the interviews with alice after 1962, she is much more generous both of franklin and eleanor in a way that she really couldnt be during her lifetime. She did on occasion sort of grudgingly give credit to both franklin and eleanor for their accomplishments but it was usually little bit of a side note rather than the headline. Part of what makes this to me so fascinating is that if we back all the way up to the Theodore Roosevelt presidency and you look at what he referred to as the square deal and this was essentially a very progressive republican politics. And he endorsed concepts which later became Social Security labor protections, prevention of child labor increased rights for women including the right to vote. Environmentalism. He had a number of incredibly progressive things that he endorsed and then it was because of franklin who essentially picks up that progressive mantle with eleanor right at his side and you have the new deal and many of the policies of the new deal, there is a direct line to be drawn from one administration to the other the two roosevelt administrations. Even though one was republican lummis democrat and if you will the parties sort of flipped largely as a result of franklin and eleanor being in the white house. You have the democrats become the Progressive Party. The irony is that alice and her brother ted start essentially youre loudly opposing these progressive politics really for family reasons. There is no other rational reason when you really dig into it and you see well why wouldnt she have been delighted to see an incredibly capable politician take her fathers legacy and carry it on and actually put so much of it into effect. I can only conclude that the huge amount of this it wasnt that franklin and eleanor it wasnt what they were doing, it was who they were and that is what brought out the tigris and alice while they were alive. Eleanor where she could be a little bit more of the bad girl and have a little fun . [laughter] i would say the one example you have there the good example is the teapot story. 1924 and part of what we love about that story is that it goes so much against the grain of what people understand about Eleanor Roosevelt. She has a justly earned reputation as this incredibly ethical, fairminded and decent person who tried to do good for everyone and then this was really just a karl rove dirty trick. Cousin theodore had been exonerated in the teapot dome scandal and so he really was clean and he was a remarkable probably one of the most underappreciated people i think of our political history. A really remarkable man who deserves a lot credit and who knows what he might have done in his political career but eleanor slapped a lot of oil on him and he was done in never ran a competitive race after that. I have read, although i cant cite the place now that franklin became a democrat as a way of distinguishing himself from the Teddy Roosevelt family and the oyster bay roosevelts rather than because of a political philosophy or anything of that sort and felt it would be a way that he could better achieve his political objectives although as you pointed out he also very much wanted to follow in theodores footsteps becoming assistant secretary of the navy and running successfully for Vice President have been worse governor of new york which that he had done. Number one, im wondering what you know how much of that story is true about why franklin was a democrat in new york rather than following in the roosevelt republican footsteps and also and this is perhaps more psychologically whether you see any parallel or any similarity in the attempts to distinguish themselves. Franklin and have had with theodore and alice and eleanor had with each other. Thanks. To your first question, i am not aware of any facts around that story that franklin might have become a democrat in order to distinguish himself which is not to say that there is something out there that might not say it but i havent seen that. You have to remember the whole family thing. The long words were democrat. The oyster bay was republican. Were the hyde park roosevelt democrats even when tommy them before teddy became president . Yes, yes. And became governor and various other things . Going back a little bit in time what differentiates them franklin was born a democrat. The side of the family intermarried with southerners so franklins father married a southerner. His father married a woman from georgia whose brothers in fact fought for the confederacy and left the country. So the relationship of the two sides had slavery so therefore the two sides were different for the oyster bay side than it was for the hyde park side. They were dyedinthewool democrats as time went on. There was never quite the opposite. Franklin did everything he could possibly think of to imitate theodore even to the point where he insisted very young in life that he wanted to have six children because teddy had six children. He wore the same classes. He ran a pound of the same bullies. Its interesting because even before the assistant secretary of the navy teddy was in the state legislature in new york and soap horse franklin rand were the state legislature from upstate new york that he was a democrat and there was discussion about whether he should switch parties to republicans because democrats never wanted up there but his name and his money, or his mothers money when the election for him. So i think it actually, i would say theres evidence strongly that he resisted any urges to switch parties. Thank you. The only other thing that i want to add to that is i would say in terms of franklins attitude, his imitation of theodore it was seen by many observers prior to 1921 and his polio. He was seen as sort of a very shallow opportunist. He imitated theodore a little bit too eagerly to the point where a lot of people wrote their eyes and laughed at you then have in rapid succession the death of theodore in 1919 and then franklin getting polio in 1921 and the experience for franklin, that extraordinarily difficult lifechanging experience really shifted in a lot of ways his behavior and gave him t gravitas and certainly a greater appreciation for hardship and he subsequently came off as much more of a grounded serious politician and not just someone trying to act like his famous uncle. Tim, congratulations. We grew up together in long island. Marc congratulations on a wonderful book. I had a question about disability. It may be far afield from the tenor of the book but i wondered in your research if you came across any conversations between alice and eleanor as to how they really felt about franklins disability, the splendid deception and how the press and the public treated that issue and whether you uncovered anything behind the scenes that hume that might have got your attention that i might not have known or read . A great question. Interestingly enough one of the things that is really interesting about going back through old microfilm newspapers at the time is that you really get a sense of the discourse. One of the things that i had always understood prior to starting this project was that franklins disability was something that was very much hidden and unknown by the public public. Interestingly enough when the New York Times was talking about leading candidates for the 1932 election day very openly Franken Roosevelt was on the shortlist because he was very successful governor of new york state and they would very openly talk about his disability. Of course using the terminology at the time referred to him being a cripple and it makes us wince a little bit today but that was normal at the time so it was striking how very much it was in the Public Discourse if you take the time to actually read the newspapers. That being said franklin did certainly undertake an Extraordinary Campaign and his handlers around him Extraordinary Campaign to control the image so everything from locking up his braces so that they would be seen to walk when he would make public appearances and this was incredibly painful for him and there are several famous occasions that only became known about afterwards where one time and philadelphia after a rally where just moments before speaking he tumbled into the mud in his speech went scattering and his aides had to run around and scoop them up and clean them off and get them up to the podium and he went on to deliver an extraordinary speech. Eleanor played an amazing role in supporting him really from the very first day of the onset of his polio and she was probably wouldnt surprise anyone to know that she was just an amazing source of emotional support for him as well is quite frankly physical support learning how to work a catheter and with his initial disability. [laughter] and you know really just kind of stuck with him through that whole entire process. Now unfortunately while alice was very fond of franklin and eleanor on a personal social level alice oftentimes with her would get the better of her and there were a few times when she was not very disguised in referring to franklins disability. One time and im going to paraphrase here because i dont have the quote in front of me she said something to the effect that franklin was she referred to as his socialist policy was trying to essentially caused the entire country to be disabled to be in a wheelchair constricted like he was. That crippled mentality was the way she referred to it rated there was another point when she and her column referred to the government struggling to respond to a particular issue and she referred to them as being in a palsy over it. She used these words which were not particularly good code words to sort of remind people of this guy in a wheelchair and again alice on many levels with someone who is fun but also there were definitely times when you read quotes andy would wince a little bit to. One last question. Im going to make it easy for you to answer but i have trouble stating the question. Here you have these two branches of a family that comes as close to the land of gentry as they saw themselves in that period of 1880 on and they produced to extraordinary politicians and two extraordinary women in very different ways. How much up this with these people be who they were because of what they were and they all sat had money. When i look at that about fdr there wasnt a lot of money when you look at it. Of horse in those times and you see their homes both in hyde park and oyster bay. How much of this was them . How much of this was because they were allowed to be who they were because it houses i 80 accepted who they were . Its a complicated question of course and it could take a long time. I think the way i would answer that is to say what makes these leading Roosevelt Franklin eleanor teddy and alice remarkable, guess despite the fact that they did didnt all of them have a great deal of money. Certainly they werent at vanderbilt levels but they werent so far behind. None of them had to worry at any stage in their lives about paying rent. When james and sarah for roosevelt went on their honeymoon it was a yearlong trip to europe because thats what you did after you got married. He took off to europe with your servants and your 300 bags on the steamer and you did the european tour. He didnt worry about who is paying the taxes back home. But what was remarkable despite that financial and social advantage, they really faced a great any obstacles too. Certainly looking at eleanors case, her childhood and her alcoholic father and her mother who died very young, just incredibly tragic so one of the things you see as despite her privileged position she still had a great deal to offer, and what next are so remarkable is that she was able to take that and translated into action and really have the empathy part and she could say its not just enough that i overcame all the stuff that she could have very easily have said having overcome all of this i have earned the life of bees and now im going to enjoy it but instead she did just the opposite and really jumped into every imaginable challenge. Again im not going to recap eleanors extraordinary career. We touched on it here really just as a backdrop to her relationship with alice but it really was an incredible life. So hopefully that answers the question a little bit but they were privileged but they had challenges. One last point here in terms of alcoholism both eleanor and alice saw two of their brothers died from the results of alcoholism and in ways that were just under the surface of the press. It was a different era than so they could work to keep them out of the gossip pages but that was incredibly painful for both of them to have their brothers with whom they were very close go through multiple marriages and very unhappy and dysfunctional children. They struggled emotionally a great deal. With that i think we will close things up. Thank you. [applause] thank you all again for coming. Please fold up your chairs. [inaudible conversations]. This is teesixteen on teewun, television for serious readers. Here is our primetime lineup life inside the white house residence next on teewun. Then at 8 00 american innovators. At nine oclock, the end of nasa Space Shuttle programs. 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