That they agreed upon in a bipartisan way. And it can be done without everything that we do that has a risk. It can be done with nothing more than manageable risks. Thank you. Thank you very much. Senator, thank you for your extraordinary patience. Youve been here early the whole morning and just in order of seniority we find you and we thank you. Thank you. Let me congratulate you on your new role. This is great you in the chair and i look forward to our Work Together in the years to come. I want to associate myself with some of the comments of the senator before she had to depart. Because they say all politics is local and when you think about it this is obviously a large country and i think its fair to a as with other Energy Issues at the policies that we are discussing today dont necessarily affect all of our states and even manner. Like the senator, wisconsin is one of the leading manufacturers in the United States and i think right now it can boast the role of number one manufacturing states as a percentage of our overall economy. And i note this because of the focus of todays hearing that we dont have a witness that is representing Consumer Voices today. Obviously they are a very of one part of this discussion and i look forward to future opportunities to hear from those witnesses also. So i would like to ask you a few questions this morning. The Paper Industry is a major part of wisconsins manufacturing in a Paper Companies are working hard in a very trade sensitive impacted industry while also complying with Environmental Quality standards and most of their foreign competitors do not do this. He promotes a light switch over to natural gas have been able to secure a supply of fuel because of an adequate infrastructure. Many companies dont have adequate access to natural gas and yet today were talking about increasing this. So my first question is will howell the increased exports import the construction of Gas Infrastructure for companies that companies in wisconsin might be able to rely upon. Senator baldwin, let me just start off by saying that in this forecast we have natural gas consumption in the Paper Industry overall between 2010 and 2040. And in general we have very strong growth in natural gas consumption. So i dont think that there is a shortage of gas that would lead to problems in the Manufacturing Industries and on the infrastructure issue that you asked about, there is the secretary of energy and a president who has an Energy Review under way that intensity directly addressed the infrastructure issues. Let me back up just a second and start with on the issues of natural Gas Production in the u. S. , there is no dispute that i can find in the economic literature on either side of this that the positive impacts on jobs and gdp are very strong on the jobs impact of exports. The literature is somewhat mixed but it seems to be relatively minor. The impact on gdp and jobs from export are small because the exports are a small proportion of the overall production in the United States and the overall Global Markets. And so one of the things that i think mr. Chow said that i would like to come back to is that the u. S. Manufacturers are always anyone who is an industrial consumer can always have an advantage over a Global Market which will be two or three times higher in price than the average price for gas in the u. S. So then we come back to the question of what is the difficulty that we are having in your state of wisconsin with the Paper Industry being able to get gas, its really not so much a question of the overall availability of gas but how do you get those pipelines built to take a guess what word is to get into those companies and that is something that utilities and the companies themselves are going to have to work out and the intent of this Energy Review is to try and see if there are any bottlenecks. My time has run out and i did want to ask other questions. We have deep skepticism and it just switches for a second. Having been told that they are adequate supplies at a time that they had incredible increases in exports, we had a dire emergency rate quarter Million People were having trouble heating their homes in wisconsin and a lot of it had to do with that infrastructure and being diverted from more profitable fuels so they could change directions and so it being able to respond to this need in manufacturing is going to be very critical for our domestic economy. Thank you. My time has run out. Senator, as i have committed to you as we have continually raised this issue, its very important to the people of wisconsin and minnesota we normally dont have to hear this. But we will be doing some kind of issue one not to have that figured out. Senator . Thank you, madam chairman. I also want to congratulate you on your position as chairman and i look forward to working with you and to the good senator from wisconsin for firing off huge amounts and others. And right now the European Union gets about a third of its natural gas from russia. And i would like each of you to tell me how you think we can have the eu will reduce its dependence on russian gas. Again, senator, it is a Statistical Agency and not a policy agencies are not going to offer policy prescriptions other than to say that all of the above Energy Strategy seems to really make sense for the United States and possibly for other countries. One other thing i can say is that in terms of the growth and supply the leaders named leaves an opportunity for both growth and domestic consumption of natural gas as well as exports. Thank you for your question. The problem is that we have closed markets in the eu countries and lithuania is one such country as i have said and so what we have to do to address this is diversified and create alternative routes of supply and that is our energy floating that will help rein in Common Alternative direction. But where do we get this gas . Well, of course, many things would serve the purpose of having a more objective price for a monopoly not being able to charge this closed market. But on the other hand increased and newly created global gas markets will definitely help to bring down the prices globally. This would definitely be the direction that will be a part of the u. S. Government and congress and specifically the exports. Thank you, minister. I think that you asked spurts wherever they go to help to reduce europes dependence on russia, even if our exports go to asia and are competing with exports that russia might descend into be sending to a pipeline to china. That frees up other gas to move so we look in the long run it is going to be benefiting europe eventually. Europe will then be facing russia but has to accept lower prices or be less physically dependent upon russian gas. Im not sure which way it will play out. Thank you, doctor. Mr. Baldwin . First, we shouldnt encourage the European Union to create integration of gas markets you can move it from spain all the way to kiev. Second, they have a fair amount of that in place already, dont they . Its very hard to move this from pointtopoint although they have eliminated the destination pauses. There is enough to move into the rest of europe so they need more pipelines there and you have to negotiate the entry and exit price at each point along the pipeline. So it can be up to 10 steps to figure out where it is and they are not transparent about capacity either. So theres more work that will really make it easier for them to get into this some in the gas market is number one and interconnections are number two in getting price is right internally as i talked about is important both to control and demand and attract investments promoting shale gas and countries in europe and enhancing Energy Efficiency in places where that is appropriate in europe and accelerating the consideration of applications to export. Before you answer, will you put that up . Because this will explain something to you are talking about. Isnt interesting point with the Energy Ministers meeting. Is it april on this very issue. Thats fine, just hold it up there. The blue are the already constructed gas pipelines. And the rudder proposed for oil and gas. Mr. Golin and mr. Chow, look at this map and comment on the question, which i think is important. Is Europe Integrated with the gas pipeline . No, it is not. For two basic reasons, the of the structure is not necessarily connected as well as it needs to be. And the second is market practices. You have comments and some countries are also trying to protect their monopoly power to not let gas and electricity flow freely across the continent is a big problem in europe and youre right, senator. It will be meeting next month i believe in europe. Okay, this is certainly an area where they can do some sensitive work. I would add one more. Which is what they really did look at the developing Energy Resources and the renewables but they do a good job with. Why not look at the resources and also coal that is in western europe already they are not taking advantage of a rather than importing those from faraway places. Thats something they can do to help themselves very much. And i have a sense of irony that it is the central and European Countries that are most dependent on russia today as they take the strongest position because of the aggression that it has caused in the ukraine. As opposed to the western European Countries. Is there something we can do to make it hatch . With respect to the nor norweigans, they have been the larger supplier of gas over gas. They have the ability and nothing we have to do to capture the market. The other two points, echo what was said, we could be a lot more forthright and less tilt on encouraging unconventional and conventional Gas Development in europe. Ive been to eight of the countries to teach safe practices to regulators there, and they dont have private ownership or access to infrastructure, and you have them undermining the development there. Technical assistance, getting comfortable, those are things we are doing, but we could do more of, and the second one, i think is the point thats important. The european story is we eliminated debt clauses, were done. Its not the case. Theres much more work that needs to be done, and i talked to my colleagues at the state department, encouraged them to put that at the top of the agenda. Get that market unblocked, more connections between there, you dont strand gas. You get connections. You can move more gas around that continent faster than it takes to build a new terminal. You can use the ones that theyve got. This 1 the next one here, and we have to bring it to a close. I have one or two comments and questions, and ill turn it over for final remarks, but i want to thank you, all, for your patience, excellent testimony, and everything will be submitted to the record. I want to bring it back locally to the u. S. , particularly louisiana and the energy coast. Designing an energy policy, which this committee is focused on, promoting america as an Energy Superpower will create thousands and thousands of jobs here at home and abroad and help promote democracy, one of the central principle principles ofe existence of our nation. We spent time talking about europe and the ukraine, but we have also started this hearing by talking about the 37,000 jobs in louisiana and texas and the gulf coast that can be created right now with the production and opening up of exports for liquidfide natural gas. Very respectful, appropriate in the comments, i want to be the same. Louisiana is the second larger producer of gas in the country, off gore an on, but were also the Third Largest consumer of gas. Its not in this senators interest to promote a policy where the prices would skyrocket and put consumers at a disadvantage. We have industrial consumers, residential consumers, but the facts are, and i think the case has been made overwhelmingly by a variety of different reports that opening up markets increases domestic supply, not close it down, increase it, of gas and natural gas, and it also will help to create jobs at home and abroad, and the price, as you all said, louisiana the u. S. , north dakota production, texas, oklahoma, colorado, will always have an advantage because were the source of the product. Now, yes, does thought have to go into it . Is it the Silver Bullet . No, but its part of, i think, the equation of how to create jobs at home, promote americas strengths abroad. The three questions i have, and were not going it take the time, but ill ask you all to submit them in writing for the committee. One other thing that we export, and alaskas proud of this, louisiana and texas proud of it, is our technology. Its not just our gas and oil that we export, refined and crude, but our technology, and what could we do better as a country . Were going to do these answers in writing, to encourage technology, not just for the Big Oil Companies that, of course, have their own ability to do that, but the thousands of small independent producers that sometime find it difficult to work overseas. How could we assist them to, you know, to promote and export technology, which is value added to american inventors, ect. Thats one question for the writing. The other is, weve talked a lot about america. Id like to talk about north america. Id like to talk about the power of canada, america, and mexico as a major Energy Producer and supplier, and whats recently happened is a game changer with the government of mexico moving for the first time to privatize their energy sector. They reduce corruption, open up the private market, and mexico is a really big place with a lot of big promise. It sits very close to us. Id like our country to start thinking about mexico, and, of course, building the keystone pipeline, in my view, and using canada and mexico, the north American Alliance of energy is a powerful, powerful tool, and, finally, i dont want to underestimate my colleague, senator barrasso says if we streamline processes, yes. Im for streamlines and im for expediting, but i hope critics of the administration focus on what can we do to help the ukraine minimize corruption . What can we do to, you know, enhance the 1billion that you said, mr. Chow, was a drop in the bucket. Submit what you think is significant investment to ukraine that sends the most positive small. While theres a lot of criticism from one side to the administration, i would also like to go on record saying, for my colleagues, and this is not senator mccows ky, but others on the republican side, put your money where your mouth is. You want to help . Put the money towards ukraine and dont blame anybody else because permits are going slowly. Ill let you have the last word. Thank you, madam chairman. This has been a great hearing. Certainly, a great way to kick off your First Full Committee Hearing as chair on an issue that is clearly timely, and i think holds promise for americas position in the world as an energy leader, and, again, an opportunity for us as a nation to weemed influence in a positive way, and in a way you started off the questioning, talking about russia and energy blackmail. I dont think that the u. S. Would ever assert theyd come at it from that kind of a dictatorial type of position, but one where we can help our friends and allies, enimraij in an environment where as we seek to increase production domestically, how that influences and positively impacts those around the globe, all things being equal, you know, all are benefited by the u. S. And our increasing role and presence in the market. I wanted to ask one very, very quick question. This relates to the issue that senator barrasso brought up with the amendment he intended to advance in foreign relations. As you know, we have the ukraine legislation on the floor in front of us, and the push from senator barrasso and others to extend the fda fast tracking to nato and wto members, there has been the issue raised, a potential trade violations based on this expedited treatment to nato members and other specific countries like japan, and can anybody speak to that issue . In terms of whether or not it presents a trade violation . Im the lawyer. You need to step up, yeah. I confess to not being familiar with all the texts of the bill, but to the extent we have a trade agreement with a country, and we adopt a practice which excludes anybody that we have that kind of trade agreement with, we could be accused of discrime their practice and violation of it. I dont know when you look at which version of the bill, whether it covered everybody that we have a trade agreement with, but if it doesnt, then i think thats thats an issue. I would also worry a little bit that even if it covers every we have a trade agreement with, ukraine, i dont think, is a wto member, and they are not a nato member. They are . Okay. I would worry, make sure we capture all the country that we want to help, and make sure they are not excluded as well. Its the challenge with predicting winners. Uhhuh. Madam chairman, thank you, again, i think this has been very, very beneficial, very timely, and thanks to each and every one of the witnesses. Your leadership as well. Looking forward to working with you. Ask that the quorum call be vitiated. The presiding officer without objection. Mr. Menendez mr. President , i rise to express my robust concern about russias actions and the continuing escalations of tensions in central and eastern europe. Even with ukranian troops leaving crimea, russia continues to extort the ukraine, disavowing an agreement on gas prices that was part of a Bilateral Agreement allowing russia to lease the black seaport in the crimea for its fleet. Russia is now arguing that it no longer has to provide the discounted gas because it illegally seized the port, but that it also must be paid back 11 billion for prior discounts. At the same time, russia has amassed more than 100,000 troops at ukraines border, in addition to 23,000 troops that are in the crimea, making clear the threat of an outright invasion of ukraine and possibly a portion of moldova. Putin is watching to see what we will do, to see if we have the resolve to act or if he in essence gets the green light to take the next step. So i believe we need to act now. So although i also believe that our response to russias annexation of crimea should include the International Monetary fund reforms that passed in a bipartisan way out of the Senate ForeignRelations Committee and that obviously received a rather strong procedural vote yesterday in the senate, and i think its critical to strengthen the assistance package for ukraine and strengthen u. S. Global leadership, i recognize that our ability to be able to move this package with it at this point is unlikely. The House Republican leadership has proven itself intransigent on i. M. F. Reform, and we all know why. Trying to link support for i. M. F. Reforms on c4 political committees that may have violated Campaign Finance laws and may have individuals who illegally use them to influence federal elections is pretty outrageous. I cannot believe that the house leadership will not put National Security interests above a partisan political interest, but obviously politics clearly dont stop at the waters edge on this issue. So while im not happy about it, i believe we need to move forward on a bill today that sends the necessary message of support to the ukraine and resolve to russia. But as we take that step, lets realize that its the i. M. F. That is leading the effort to stabilize ukraines fragile economy. Congressional ratification of the 2010 i. M. F. Reforms would increase i. M. F. Emergency funding to the ukraine by up to 60 and provide an additional 6 billion for longer term support, setting an important marker for other donors, such as the e. U. And the world bank. Lets be clear about what keeping the i. M. F. Provisions would have done. The i. M. F. Is strengthened at no cost to u. S. Finances or influence. The United States retains its executive board seat and the sole veto power at no net costs because the 63 billion increase in the u. S. Quota is totally offset by an equivalent decrease to a separate emergency facility. However, other countries would put in new money, increasing the i. M. F. s lending power. The fact is this would be a pure win for the United States. We would fully have paid for the 315 million budget impact of the bill with real cuts and from funds that were underperforming or no longer needed. Given that the i. M. F. Helps to stabilize countries, often an ingredient an ingredient precedent for precluding future need for military action, a relatively minor cost, would have been paid back many times over. And we will have another crisis in the future in which the i. M. F. Will be critical to whether or not that crisis can be defused and solved. Now, i repeat what i said before this should not be a partisan issue. President s reagan, president clinton and both president bushes backed legislation to increase i. M. F. Resources. And Ronald Reagan called the International Monetary fund quote the linchpin of the International Financial system. In a letter to the house and Senate Leadership last week, which i ask unanimous consent to include in the record. The presiding officer without objection. Mr. Menendez members of the Bretton Woods community which were the original entity that created some of the organizations like the i. M. F. That created global stability wrote that implementing this is a quote implementing the i. M. F. Reforms boll terse our leadership in the fund and provides the United States with what . Leverage to continue to preserve our National Security and economic interest abroad. Now, let me tell you some of the folks that signed that letter. Madeleine albright, former secretary james baker, william cohen, stephen hadley, henry kissinger, condoleezza rice, lee hamilton, brent scowcroft, paul oneill, frank carlucci, larry summers, john snowe, henry paulson. This is a bipartisan list of whos who in foreign policy, all saying that this is critical to do. Let me be very clear opponents have argued that i. M. F. Reforms provide no added relief to the ukraine so its superfluous to this bill. That argument is patently false. The 2010 i. M. F. Reform strengthened the i. M. S. Thats why they were done. As it relates to the ukraine by increasing ukraines quota, the reforms reforms increase available shortterm lending from 1 billion to 1. 6 billion and longer term resources the i. M. F. Can leverage for the ukraine by up to 6 billion. It also strengthens our ability to shape an i. M. F. Support package for ukraine. Now, critics say i. M. F. Reforms undermine u. S. Influence and increase russias influence in the i. M. F. , and theyre dead wrong again. We remain the largest i. M. F. Shareholder, even after reform. We are guaranteed our executive board seat, and we will continue as the only country, the only country with veto power over major i. M. F. Decisions. Meanwhile, the reforms rationalize the voting structure of the i. M. F. To increase buyin of by nam i can emergent economies in a way that ensures continued u. S. Leadership in a more Relevant International institution. On the other side, the reforms matter little to russia which already has a board seat. They say i. M. F. Reforms cost american taxpayers billions and put taxpayer money at risk. Again, wrong. There is no cost to american taxpayers. The reforms included in the Senate Ukraine bill preserve u. S. Leadership, the veto position in the i. M. F. , without increasing, without increasing our financial commitment to the i. M. F. The i. M. F. Is the most solvent Financial Institution in the world, and the risk of i. M. F. Default is de minimus. Now, we would have paid for all of this budget impact with real cuts, as my colleague and Ranking Member on the committee, bob corker, asked, and we came together and we figured it out. The appropriators helped us to determine underperforming funds, programs that would from which we could take these funds, and we ultimately came to a very successful conclusion. I regret that the failure to strengthen the i. M. F. To support the ukraine and other unforeseen crises around the world will endanger the system that we have so painstakingly built, and it shouldnt need arguing that fragmentation of Global Economic governance is not in our national interests. The fact is, mr. President , i. M. F. Reform combined with the aid package for the ukraine would send a clear and unambiguous message to the world that the annexation of crimea will not stand, but i understand this institution and our political realities, so i have come to the floor to ask that we come together to at least accepted our message of support to the ukraine and another message to putin. We should act today. We cannot and should not stand for the violations of International Norms perpetrated on crimea by russia. The world is watching, and the worlds superpower cannot be seen as incapable of rising to russias challenge. That is the responsibility before the senate today. So for those who have criticized the i. M. F. Reform and because the house leadership doesnt want to pursue it because of extraneous matters having to deal with politics and not policy, willing to risk National Security issues, youre going to get your way today, and i would hope that therefore the rest of this package which provides a Loan Guarantee to the ukraine of a billion dollars, that provides sanctions against the russian regime and others who corrupted the previous ukranian government and who have violated its territorial integrity, the assistance to ensure that democratic elections can be held this may in the ukraine, the greater defense cooperation with the ukraine, all other elements of this legislation should have universal support. And we should do it today in order to ensure that we send a clear, unambiguous message as 100,000 Russian Troops are on the Eastern Front of the ukraine. That is, i believe, a critical that is, i believe, a critical the top u. S. Commander in south korea said that sanctions are not enough to persuade north korea to denuclearize. Other topics at the hearing included china ease military and u. S. Military strategic shift and focus to asia. It begins with Committee Chairman carl levin. We received testimony on the forces in the Asian Pacific region, and on behalf of the committee, i want to welcome Adam Sam Locklear and general of the commander u. S. Forces korea, United Nations command, and combined forces command and korea. Gentlemen, the committee appreciates your long years of faithful service and the many sacrifices that you and the families that you are a part of made for our nation. We greatly appreciate the service of the men and women, military and civilian, who serve with you in your commands. Please convey to them our admiration and our appreciation for their selfless sacrifice and dedication. Last year, general thurman was unable to testify at the hearing because of the heightened testimony on the korean peninsula. We are glad that you are able to make it this year. Todays hearing is particularly timely as north korea is engaged in saber rattling and dangerous rocket and missile launches including the one just a few weeks ago. Kim jung uns regime has so far followed the same destructive policies as its predecessors, pursuing its Nuclear Weapons in Ballistic Missile programs with callous disregard for people in its own region. China, despite its long standing relationship with north korea has joined in United Nations condemnation of north korean regimes dangerous behavior and supported new sanctions. We look forward to hearing the generals views on the recent developments on the korean peninsula, an additional step that might be taken to promote stability and peace. At the time of increasing fiscal austerity within the department of defense, china has announced that it is increasing its official military budget for 2014 to almost 132 billion, which is a 12 increase over last year. Making that countrys military spending the second largest in the world after the United States. Chinas pursuit of new military capabilities raises concerns about its intentions, particularly in the context of the countrys increasing willingness to assert its controversial claims of sovereignty in the south china and East China Seas. Chinas by ledge rains and unwillingness to create a mare tame code of conduct with asian asian neighbors raises doubts about its representations that china is interested in a peaceful rise. We were dismayed by chinas unilateral declaration of an air identification zone last year that did not follow proper consultations with its neighboring countries, and that includes the air space over the islands, which are administered by japan. In addition, chinas lack of regard for the intellectual Property Rights of the United States and other nations is a significant problem for the global community. China is the leading source of counterfeit parts in military systems and in the commercial sector. In addition, china appears to have engaged in a Massive Campaign to steal technology and other vital Business Information from american industry and from our government. Chinas apparent willingness to exploit cyberspace to conduct corporate espionage and steal trade and proprietary information from u. S. Companies should drive our government and businesses to come together to advance our own cybersecurity. We also have grave concerns that chinas cyberactivities, particularly those targeting private companies that sport mobilization and deployment, could be used to degrade our ability to respond during a contingency. Our committee will soon release a report on cyber intrusions affecting u. S. Transportation command contracts. The administration continues to rebalance towards the asia pacific to meet these challenges. Substantial realignments of u. S. Military forces in south korea and japan are ongoing, as are initiatives to increase u. S. Presence in Southeast Asia, especially in singapore in the philippines. The u. S. Relationship with australia is as strong as ever. Its evidenced by the continued plans for successive rotations of submarines to australia. With the success of the planned alignment, the governor approved the landfill permit for the replacement facility last year. Nonetheless, i believe that moving forward with the construction of infrastructure facilities on guam have to await the impact statement and final record of the decision. Once those actions are completed, and we have been provided the final master plans including cost estimates and a time schedule, we would be better able to judge the feasibility of the plan, so i support the restationing of marines to guam and hawaii, it needs to be done in a fiscally and operationally sound manner. We must consider all challenges and initiatives in asia pacific against the backdrop of our bucket constraints, and budget reductions on your ability to meet your mission requirements. Again, we very much appreciate both joining us this morning. We look forward to your testimony on these and other topics. Senator . Thank you, mr. Chairman. Provocative actions, military exercises, nuclear and missile tests, and the development of a road mobile missile system. China declares unilateral air defense identification zones making moves to block aid ships and claim sovereignty over fast track south china sea. Despite the danger, the massive cuts to the security budget, were making the jobs of admiral and general more difficult. While the budget rose 12 , sex tear hagel tells the commands, quote, american dominance in the seas, in the sighs, in space is no longer taken for granted. Thats the first time, in my life, we heard Something Like that. Our domain dominance eroded due to diversion of resources from the defense to the president s domestic agenda over the last five years, and that has consequences in our society. Less dominant forces make it difficult for the men and women to handle crisis, and as we see around the world today, less capable u. S. Military makes it more likely that crisis will erupt. Those who advocate drastically talk retreat from the international engagement, the security of the home lafned at risk. More aggressive adversaries and capable United States and military forces are recipe for disaster. The dismantling of the security over five years led to the growth of extremists in syria, iraq, iran, putins an exasian of crimea, and has inviolated increased chinese belig rains in the east and south china south china seas. The strategy of rebalance implies resources. Thats not true. Its just not happening. I have specific questions to ask about that. I look forward to the assessment, and perceived in the im concerned the retreating ties of the u. S. Leadership and defense capability encourage him to be more aggressive. General, we need to hear from you as to how this ties up ships and cancels Ground Training and impacts the combat capability. I dont know a time in my life this happened, and i remember all so well when it all started. It all started, and we dont like to talk about it or not, back when the 800 billion people talk about entitlements now, but this was not entitlement. This was nondefers Discretionary Spending that took place, and now were paying for it and have been for five years. Its a crisis were in. Ewe are the right ones to be there to try to meet the crisis, and i appreciate the fact you are willing to do that. Thank you very much. Admiral . Senator, distinguished members of the committee, thank you for the opportunity to appear before you today, and for two years, i had the privilege of leading the exceptional men and women, throughout the United States specific command. They are not only skilled professionals dedicated to the defense of our great nation, but within Pacific Command, they serve as superb ambassadors that represent the values and strength that make the nation great. We continue to work to ensure they are well trained, well equipped, well led to meet the challenges we are facing in the 21st century. I want to publicly thank them and families for their sacrifices. When i spoke to you last year, i highlighted my concern for several issues that could challenge the security environment across the Pacific Command area of responsibility, the indoAsian Pacific. They include potential for significant hhdr, or human humanitarian assistance in disaster events. Theres territorial disputes, growing challenges to the freedom of action and shared doe nans of sea, air, space, and cyberspace. Growing regional transnational threats and the significant challenges associated with chinas emergence of the Global Economic power and Regional Military power. In the past year, we have been witness to all of these challenges. Our forces have been very busy securing the peace and defending u. S. Interest throughout over half the globe. We have done our very best to remain ready to respond to crisis and contingency. Although, we have assumed greater risk. We maintained focus on key aspects of the rebalance to the Asian Pacific. Strengthening our alliances and partnerships, improving posture and presence, developing the con cements and capabilities required by todays and tomorrows security environment. We have done this against the backdrop of continued physical and resource uncertainty and the result of the diminishing readiness and availability of the joint force. Id like to thank the committee for your cometted interest and support, and i look forward to your questions. Thank you so much. Admiral. General . Testifying, the United States forces korea, and on behalf the service members, civilians, contractors, and their families who serve their great nation in korea, thank you for your support. After six months in command, im confident that the combined and joint forces in the United States are capable and ready to detour, if necessary, respond to threats and actions. We know how real a north korean threat is as four years ago tomorrow, north korea fired a torpedo sinking a south korean ship killing 46 sailors. That terrible day is a constant reminder that standing at freedoms frontier with our korean ally, we can want allow ourselves to become come place sent against an unpredictable toe tail tearian regime. The regime remains dangerous and has the capability, especially with an everincreasing threat to attack south korea with little to no warning. Theres the fourth Largest Military in the world with over 70 of the Ground Forces deployed along the dmz. Long range auxiliary strikes targets in the seoul metro pal tan with millions live. Violations multiple security resolutions, north creigh continues to develop arms and long range missiles, and additionally, they are investing in cyber warfare capabilities. North korea brings risk to the worlds greatest or Fastest Growing economic region which is responsible for 25 of the worlds gdp and home to the largest trading partners. Against this real threat, our nation is committed to the security of south korea and national interests. Our presence and support of our troops give meaning to the commitment. We are a key component of the nations rebalancing of the asianpacific region, and together, the alliances commitment enables prosperity, now and in the future. In the spirit of the commitment, we work closely with the military to develop capabilities and combine c44i systems and Alliance CounterDefense Strategy and procurement of precision guided missions, ballistic Defense Systems, and isr platforms. Readiness is my top overarching priority. To ensure that we are focused on the right things at the right time, i developed five priorities. First, sustain and strengthen the alliance. Second, maintain the arms to detour and defeat aggression and be ready to fight tonight. Third, transform the alliance. Fourth, sustain force and family readiness. Fifth, enhance the unccscufk team. A central part of this is a command climate that focuses on leader and the led together. At the core of Mission Success is a close rope we share. We benefit from an important history forged on many battlefields, shared sacrifices, and democratic principles. Over the past 60 years, we built one of the longest standing alliances in modern history. Well continue to develop a posture so pyongyang never misinterprets our doubts our capability to respond as an alliance. Im proud of the families serving the republic of korea. I appreciate your continued support for them and for our crucial alliance. Thank you, and i look forward to your questions. Thank you very much, general. Lets try seven minutes for the first round. The air identification zone and aids in the East China Sea encompassing midly raised attentions, and now while the declaration of that identification zone is not affected u. S. Military operations in the area, there is a concern that china is attempting to change the status quo in the east china and south china seas. Im thinking these incrementdal steps to a sort of territorial claim. Admiral, let me ask this question. As china declaration of the io debilityification zone change status quo between china and japan with regard to the claims . Pr moi observation, first it had not, as you correctly stated, its not changed our operations at all, and we dont recognize it or comply with it. I have not seen any change in the activities of our allies, Japanese Selfdefense force as they area, based on the proclamation by the chinese. Whats your assessment of antiaccess and area denial capabilities . What are the implications of such capabilities on the ability of other nations including the United States to move freely in the International Waters of the western pacific . Weve known for some time that the pla have been pursuing technologies and capabilities that allow them to control access in the areas around their borders, particularly in the sea space, and those technologies, specifically, i believe, are directed at what they perceive as potential u. S. Vulnerabilities as we maintain our forces forward. We have, for many years, built our security environment on aircraft carriers, forward bases, with our allies, rely heavily on cyber and on Space Capabilities because we operate a Long Distance from home, rely on a long line of lo gist ticks support necessary to be in that far forward and to maintain a peaceful security environment. I would say that the a2ad capabilities observed are will be per sued by the pla go after directly or indirectly as perceived add as a result necialts, and whether they ever intend to use them in the, with us or against us or against an ally, the concern is that these acknowledges will proliferate and further complicate the Global Security environment. Whats your assessment of cyber activities directed towards the United States . What can you tell us about the use of cyberspace to target u. S. Defense contractors . Well, in the summer, theres a lot of bad actors. Its not just china, but specifically, since we look at this, weve known for some time that there has been space sponsored activity to try to look at and to try to get into defense contractors and work that backwards to try to either develop an advantaged or to better understand any as a rule as a vulnerabilities we have. We are watching this cafefully, and we are becoming more and more aware of activityings such as this on a global scale, and i believe that the steps were taking to build cyber forces that are capable to build on what i believe is our advantage in cyberspace, and i believe we have a considerable advantage comparedded to the rest of the main actors in the world, and that our advantage is only going to increase as we putt these capabilities in place. Okay. Let me switch topics to the replacement facility, the frf, and theres now been some progress in that area. Do you believe that ten years is a reasonable time line for the construction of that facility, and do you believe that the government of japan and the marine core are committed to adequately maintaining the current air station until the frf is completed . Well, the facility that will ultimately replace it, were happy with the decision that was made by the signing of the landfill permit, another step forward in making this realize. By all estimates, i have seen ten years is a reasonable moment of time, could be done faster, and there are those who would like it done faster, particularly within the japanese government. I believe that currently funding is in place to ensure it remains a safe anded adequately operated, and i can assure you it would be a priority. We dont want to see that facility degrade to the point it puts our operations at risk. Thank you. General, let me ask you about this same issue, north korea. Are the cheese chinese, in your judgment, unwilling or unable to exert pressure on the North Koreans to agree to preconditions to restart the Six Party Talks . Chairman, based on those i talked to in the region to include South Koreans in their contacts, i believe weve seen some result of chinas pressure on north korea in the mutessed rhetoric of un. In the past several months, particularly after the assassination of his uncle, so i believe they can put some pressure, and we probably have seen a result of some of that; however, i think theres much more that they could do as most of north koreas banking and commercial comes through china, and to this point, theyve been unwilling to take more steps as far as i can tell. Thank you. Thank you, mr. Chairman. This morning, in the stars and stripes this morning, there was a good article, and i ask now its made a part of the record. It talks about whats happening to our capabilities in that area. Admiral, youre quoted here saying the resource is currently at your disposal are insufficient to meet operational requirements, and i appreciate that statement. Admiral, its my understanding that 50 of our navys 300 ship were expected to be in the Pacific Theater initially; is that right . Well, weve had about 50 for historically for a number of years, and okay. It didnt take a long answer here. As part of the reambulance now, they talk about they would expect that to go up so its around 180 rather than 150. This is the point im trying to get. Because of whats happening now in sequestering coming, it would be 60 of the a smaller number of coming out with the same number of ships available in that theater of 150. You follow me here . I follow you, yes, sir. What lookout our partners there . Our allies . Japan, korea, and australia . Do they do you think they understand that while they were expecting that we would have 150 ships and ends up being increasing to 180 and ends up being 150, is this something they understand . They will appreciate . Do they believe that we have problems that we have . I cant speak how they feel about it, but my guess, my expectation is that they are watchful how it plays out in the long run. Well, you know, weve said our friends wont trust us and enemies will not fear us. This is in the middle east, and im beginning to think well have the same situation in that theater also. Admiral, the chinese Ballistic Missile capable submarines that can hit the United States from the east asian waters begin patrols this year in the Chinese Defense budget expected to grow by 12 . Im remembering the days back in the 1990s when we were cutting down our military by 40 at that time, china was increasing by around 200 . That was over that decade in the 1990s. Im seeing some of the same thing happens here. The priorities of our country against priorities of china. Always concern about china, in their capabilities, and when the secretary hagen, appreciated the statement, american dominance on the seas, in the skies, and in space can no longer be taken for granted. Does that concern you as much as it concerns me, admiral . Well, i think in the context of globally Chinese Military and growth of the military is in the a competitor with u. S. Security for a number of decades, depend how fast they spend and what they invest in. The biggest concern is regionally, where they have the ability to influence the outcome of events around some of our, many of the partners and allies, by defense capabilities they are pursuing. Yeah, and the quotes i read this morning from the stars and stripes, is that an actual quote . I have not read the article, but i believe the the way you quote it is accurate. Well, judging from our discussions in the office, i think it is an accurate quote, and i think people need to talk about it. General, we are looking now at a new kim jung, and you and i talked in the office, my concern has been because of the that hes less predictable than his predecessor, would you agree with that . Yes, senator, i would. And do you think by being less predictable that translates into a greater threat . Yes, senator, i do. You know, i agree with that. You cant tell sometimes we talk about the days of the cold war, two superpowers, both of us were predictable, and the less plea of predictable, the greatest thet is to us, particularly now with the drawdowns we suffer and the limited capabilities were giving you to do a job. With this person there, im in your opinion, are sanctions, diplomatic pressure, appeasement with the shipments of food and oil thats been our policy tools likely to halt north koreas proliferation of Nuclear Weapons . Senator, i think its an appropriate step in terms of the sanctions, continued sanctions, but i dont believe that present, theres enough to con shrines them to denuclearize. I dont think so either. I agree with your statement; however, again, getting back to the un predictability, i dont think hes detoured by that type of action. We talked in the office about io problem. I think the forces on the peninsula that would be needed to fight immediately are combat ready. My concern is the followon forces. I want you to share with us whether you are concerned about that today as i am. Senators, as you stated, forces on theater are budgeted, and we have a followon force. Thats correct, sir. And i am concerned about the readiness of the followon forces in our theater given the indications and warnings, the nature of this theater, and the threat that we face i rely on rapid and ready forces to fry into the peninsula in crisis. Well, its because throughout your career, youve been able to rely on that, and youre not now. Do you agree with general amos when he said, well have fewer forces arriving less trained arriving later to the fight delaying the buildup of combat power, allowing the enemy more time to build defenses, and likely prolong operations all together. 24 is a formula for more american casualties, do you agree with that . Yes, i do, senator, yes. I do too, thank you. Mr. . Thank you, senator donnelly. Admiral, thank you for the service. What is the status of the Hypersonic Weapons projects in well, they have demonstrated the technology in tests that we they were visible to the word earlier this year. How fast they put that in Operational Capability is unknown. It could take several years to do that. Do you think they currently have the ability to strike u. S. Assets in the continental u. S. . Say that again, sir. Do you think through the Hypersonic Weapons project, you mentioned it taking several years to get it done, do you think they presently have the ability to strike the continental u. S. . Well, i think they have the ability to look at, understand, through imraj ri, everything else, have views of the United States. Whether or not they have ultimately what they do with hypersonic capability as it relates to their long range deterrent, i dont know. How do you characterize chinas attempts to decimate technology to iran and north korea . Full speed ahead, or what would you say . Well, in the case of north korea, which the general and i spent a lot of time looking at, to some, you know, perspective, the north korea is an ally of china, an they are closely aligned from a military perspective and have been if a number of years. I know theres been progress made as far as the chinese supporting the sanctions. I cant tell you how much they abide by that, but my sense is that there has been a close relationship on military capability and military equipment for some time, and probably will continue. How would you see that, the pace of chinese Cyber Attacks this year coming up on 2014 . You know, the First Quarter so far, the rest of the year . We saw an extraordinary amount in 2013, and how would you compare the volume . First, the volume, and then next would be the quality or targets involved. I think after remade it public there was knowledge of what was happening from the factions in china, there was, for some period of time, there was a decrease, i understand, but theres still a lot of Cyber Attacks that occur, as i said earlier, not just from china, but other places in the world, and those number of attacks as cyber all becomes more complicated, are on the rise. General, what is your estimate of north koreas efforts in Cyber Attacks . North korea, with other needs, invest in cyber capability. Presently, at this time, theyve been known to use cyber capability. Here a year ago, they had, we believe north korea had the impact in south koreas media banking institutions. Presently, its disruption of services, disruption of website capability, but its but they are focused on it, and their capabilities are gaining. General, again, on another issue, can you provide us with just a current status of the relocation of the camp humphriess . Yes, sir. Our relocation has begun, as you know, and we are moving forces according to the Land Partnership plan from the north that we call area 1, north of seoul, and also from the sung area, predominantly, and they are moving two hubs. This last week, we had a seminary to gain information from private industry essen capability to provide policy of humphrey. A recent survey to see what the capacity to build with you. In regards to counterfeit parts, so much is going on with china. Have you seen any indication that they are trying to address that problem or trying to identify help us attract these counterfeit parts . I have not. General, in regards to the north korean union, do you believe that kim jongun is controlling the military and the country or an affront to their military . I believe that kim jongun is clearly in charge. He has appointed himself as the Supreme Leader for the constitution and the absence that he has taken with respect to the change particularly in the military in terms of leadership is very clear and i do believe that he is in charge. In regards to that same topic, how much influence do the chinese have on him . If they push, does he follow their lead . Or is it still his call at the end of the day . Senator, i believe that they have the capacity to influence him. They have shown it in small ways. But from what i have seen he is also an independent actor and will continue to go his own way. I believe that its frustrating china as well from others who have been there. Thank you both for your service, my time is up. Thank you. Thank you, mr. Chairman. Thank you for your answer to senator inhofes question about your ability to carry out the responsibilities, as you say. The air force under your command is operationally ready, but we have seen more and more indications of fewer and fewer units of the United States army that are operationally ready. And that must be a great concern for you in case of the unthinkable and that is an upgrading of conflict. Yes, sir, that is correct. On the korean peninsula, there is a highintensity combat with time and space factors that create a top problem for us. So the delivery on a timeline is important. Avenel locklear, would you agree that chinas effort are under way to change the balance of power in at least the western pacific . Yes, i would agree. And that may be carried out in an incremental fashion such as the requirement over the East China Sea. In other words, incremental steps that probably would not sound too many alarm bells. What do you think their strategy is to assert their influence and dominance in that part of the world. Yes, sir. There Maritime Strategy is pretty clear. They dont hide it from anyone. And they have certainly tailor their defense spending heavily in the maritime domain. And i think that they are current and they believe in their strategy. The fact that there has not been that we see expectations of the and fortunately cultivate, it has not become a reality that must we some factor in their impressions. Well, i think that, first of all, in the long run a relationship between the u. S. , china, it is in the best interest of everyone. They watch very carefully. We have guaranteed the security there for many years that help them as well. So they are very much interested in our alliances in the status of those alliances and forces that we have there in the capability of those forces. So yes, it does matter to them. And the announcement of 12 and 2 increase in defense spending by china certainly is a contrast in our defense spending and traditionally much of their increases in defense spending have not been transparent. Is that correct . I believe that there are more expenditures than what they report annually. What is your likelihood in your view in the difficult western of a confrontation between china and japan over this . Well, i like to stay away from hypotheticals. Yes, i know you do. I know you dont want to answer that. But certainly many of their actions have been very provocative. Would you agree with that . I would agree that the actions have been provocative and did many cases the attempt to change the status quo. Does the combat shift me your operational violence . As you know it has a long history as to why we built it for that reason and it has speed and it was designed to operate with changeable payloads and a small crew and designed to be deployed and rotated. So the operational concept is yes, it does. But it only needs a portion what the requirements are. Is a lesson the recent reduction in the plans for acquisition . I think that if you talk about a need that is the size of 325 ships, which is what would be an assessment that some have made that is necessary for Global Environment of having 50 or 55 makes a lot of sense because theres a lot of places in the world where you can use them. But if youre talking about a budget and this includes the lcs and what it can do. Gentlemen, what do we make of all of these recent firings of the short range missiles out to sea by the North Koreans. Well, i think that kim jongun had several reasons for this firings over time since the 21st of february. I think first of all there is an amazing cycle and this has been very different than in the past. The remainder were demonstrations for his regime and people of capability and the other was for us and the alliance in terms of capability to do that with very little warning. Warnings that they have been testing rather formidably. Yes, it consisted of this and what they also tested experimentally as well. How capable is that . That is a capable system. It is one that can provide a good ammunition in rapid fire. I think the witnesses and thank you for your service. Senator reid . Thank you, gentlemen, for your service. As well, the chinese strategy. Can you describe it in your ability to project that. Especially if we are designed to keep someone else out to have this kind of influence. However, we are being more global outreach and we have seen successful operations there are a number of ships and airplanes that are in support of the lost malaysian airliner. And the security interest loco and they will need bigger assets to ensure that their security is maintained. Old Ballistic Missiles have wings and they can attack. They have russian submarines. And i even noticed some of a surge in terms of the marine capabilities ahead of their services. Certainly they have a credible summary force today. We have a modernized force but im not sure of the exact number but probably exceeds the 70, which is a lot of submarines for the regional powers. And they might represent the most desiccated technological platforms that the chinese have. In terms of the seaborne platforms. I would say that they are on par and they do have good sophistication in the ships and their air Defense Systems are very capable. Certainly they have some credible Missile Technology that is among the best in the world. How would you evaluate the readiness of the republic of korea forces to fight in joint effort with u. S. Forces on the ground under your command . I rate them highly. There are modern forces that are welltrained. A conscript army that they have good training for their soldiers as they come and i have been out there with all of their services. And they work well together. So what is their reasoning, his official or unofficial . No, i dont know, sir. So you dont have any formal or informal contact . Negative. What is your intel coming from with the Diplomatic Community as to what the attitude is with the north korean regime . Yes, sir. Also from the u. N. Command that i have as well. They were surprised by the execution and they are attempting to ensure it that in the regime it does not create instability on their border. Can you comment about the capability to conduct these operations in the pacific . Yes, senator, we have had a good return that to the asia pacific, particularly back as the at least once down in afghanistan. Under my command i have five groups and four in san diego and one in hawaii. Im sorry, one in japan. But the reality is that to get marines around effectively they require the big amphibious ships and also the require of the connectors. It is the enabler that makes that happen. The plan and base relocation in korea, tele about the number of troops that youre looking to house their and whether or not families will be accompanying the soldiers. In terms of the 29,000 in tht area in terms of the family him it would be about the supportive families in that area. About 2700. Many will be deployed without their families . That is correct. I think with current housing it is an adequate. That would be away primarily due to the construction and there is a three month lag on that. We are facing real budget problems. Theres just no doubt about it. The latest projections from our own Congressional Budget Office indicate that in five years that the interest was the talk about the Defense Budget and it will be paying 880 billion however, colleagues, there are no further cuts on the future. There are 94 billion and the peak was 530. We are down 35 billion business from where we wore at her peak and that remains flat for two years and then begins to grow at the rate of about 13 billion per year. Than we do not have the money to our fundamental threat that is impacting the american stat. Ann that we have a little combat ship. One of the things that we are worried about with regard to china is that they have a sophisticated subscription on the submarine capability and nuclear capability. A week where we need to be in terms of technology to identify that submarine activity. I would say that my assessment across the joint force is that we are where we need to be in the places and we understand where those are. This ship has and is designed to be capable. Thats correct but i believe that that is put into place. I know that is hard to believe, but it seems to be about accurate. We actually got that quote from the admiral, wayne meyer, who is instructing me one day from the time we think about this and he is going to take 17 years by the time the bureaucracy works itself out. When i was on the subcommittee when i came here seven years ago the clock was proposing and now it is becoming a fabulous ship and has Great Potential as you indicated earlier and you want to see them develop at the speed that they are. And we have my concern about our allies in the pacific and we have strength of the Chinese Nuclear capability and our allies depend on the Nuclear Umbrella and i believe as we discussed any kind of Nuclear Treaty we cant just consider russia but also considering a Rising Nuclear capability. I know that this has come up before with the mythic and advances we have chinas first seabased return by the end of 2014 and we have this in a critical way as we have discussed. Are you confident that the proposed enhancements are what we need to meet the submarine force in the century . Certainly we need to sustain the size of our summary force. We still maintain a significant advantage undersea warfare. So we need to continue to maintain that significant advantage. In the same applies to summary the ships are airplanes in the world gets a vote on how we have to respond in submarines figure heavily particularly into the scenarios all the way to contingency. So as far as the upgrade that we are putting into, uncomfortable that the Summary Community and the navy have looked hard at their role and how they are going to be in the joint role of the joint force and they have calculated a wide range of missions as summer ends do and whether its special operations capabilities, these have been a future design of the virginia class submarine. We have a confirmation hearing and one of the things that was a concern one of the things that senator ayotte had at a very parochial level, was talking about the Industrial Base is being under pressure and as we have looked at the projected population of expert shipyard employees, there is with 30 or more years of experience and so i wonder it if you could talk about how concerned you are about this, admiral locklear and what steps are being put in place to address attracting a new workforce with the folks that will be retiring and especially given the challenges of budget cuts and this includes how we expect we will address the coming challenge. He was showing me the inside of his engine gradation porker. And he said i want show you something. And i had good visibility with that kind of a continuity and i believe that our Industrial Base is under pressure particularly as our shipbuilding industry shrinks and we dont do a lot of commercial shipbuilding in this country. So we have really a National Treasure and the national asked that that has to be looked at from this perspective out there in the open market with all of the other global things. In particular by lobbying are required in our own country, which is the right thing to do. So we have to continue to update that workforce. And we have to reconfigured the calculation of our National Security strategy for the long run. They have been there for many years and are very concerned about our actions here and i hope its something that we can all work very carefully with you in the leadership of our military to address. And this is the implication that we are making very clear. Thank you very much. Im deeply concerned. And the deterrence are intrinsically to readiness. And we have to get back with ready and capable forces. We have to do ensure that and stability maintains this and the second is to ensure that we have seven treaties as a nation and those are to ensure that they are upgraded for the 21st century and they have the right military equipment to support those alliances and i would say and certainly less important to us as far as how we maintain and we have a number of decades and this is what the rebalance will be. The recognition so we can get back at a necessity. And we have a Strategic Partnership in malaysia and the philippines. And all of these countries and phenomenally Southeast Asia are important to the future security. Okay, so we have obligations to five countries under treaty and then we have these other partners and help us with the peoples that might be listening on the street and the guy at work. 17 with land and 82 is water and most of the Global Economy is generated from there. The type of a twoway trade that our country does in this region is generated there. Most of the Energy Supplies that really influence a Global Economy flow through this region everyday. We are a nation and our economy is important to all of us to ensure that a peaceful and stable asia is maintained. I think the you are right. And it just concerns me a bit as i look at what is going on now with our european allies. Countries that have lied to their detriment on the promises that we have made about the integrity of the territory in the just seems to me that any signal would say we dont need to comment on this and any signal that we send that we dont really take seriously on treaty obligations. It is a worrisome notion. It is a worrisome notion for people who might rely on us in the future and so i wonder aloud to the members of the community and on the board what signals we are sending when we dont come down very hard on the violations of our treaty partners. But im glad to know that the senator is a distinguished leader on this committee and ive asked about our capability and i believe you said that youd ask for additional ships for your area. That is correct. We have a lot in were trying to help you on this. And why do you need more amphibious capabilities. It also would you elaborate on the role of our marines and the expeditionary marines and wed the effectiveness be diminished if there were insufficiency and i guess if we dont correct that insufficient number, how would this affect your abilities as the Combatant Commander . Certainly i am not the only Combatant Commander that talks about this. So there is a global competition is the world situation kind of moves around and we need different types of forces and the capabilities of the marine corps brings is applicable in almost every scenario on the way too high and contingencies and so the global signal today is greater than what we can resource. And we only have so much money and so much medication i think we have teamed together to try to take a look at that, but in my particular responsibility not only do i have forces out and about in the western pacific but i also have amphibious forces that i train and maintain and send to other combatant commands and other central commands and europe. And so in the pacific though it is my view that as the marines come back but we should optimize the capability of them particularly in an area west of the dateline and to do that we have to have adequate situations. So i would hope that the committee would do what we did to make sure that we are ready for contingencies in that area. We had exercises done under the polar ice cap. The machine and the device and the ship was extraordinary. But the overwhelming impression i had was the quality from the commander they were dedicated and passionate about what they were doing and you have an extraordinary organization. I think im times we talk about it in a general sense and to see these young people and their level of knowledge i was impressed by people who have come up through the ranks that have real responsibility and it is an indication of the quality of the military and we dont adequately acknowledge and reward those people for the extraordinary and uncomfortable work that they did in second i want to associate myself with senator sessions. We are whistling across the graveyard of the Debt Service Requirement that is looming as Interest Rates inevitably rise. In Interest Rates are running at about 2 , including a world record agosta 4. 5 and interest charges will exceed the current Defense Budget. And that is in terms of the comments, that we have an asymmetric cyberadvantage. It we will have a cyberone ability because of the advanced nature and the extent to which we depend upon the internet and the interrelationships for everything from the electrical grid to natural gas to financial services. I believe and i do observe that we have had this advanced state but turning to the situation, what we need to do to bolster the partnership of the region. We cant carry the burden and there is more we should be doing in the area of Foreign Military sales and Foreign Military financing and training in those kinds of things and they are an exceptional tool to do a couple things there are partnerships and allies so that they can be more supportive in the security environment