Host every guest we have on indepth we ask for their reading, what are their career influences and things like this. These are the answers that we got from Neil Degrasse tyson look for these. It is they are. If your life that then, theres no reason to think you wouldve said no. You just watch the way and take everybody with it, culminating in a constitutional amendment. We have an amendment that machine the production of the sale or consumption of alcohol. And so, what will people in 20 years be reading about today seeing what were you guys thinking . Its obvious cant you see . Host and a significance that when i generate 29th, week after the inaugural . Guest im sure there is something that week it was just people react to you. It wasnt so much the election, but there is the election plus the reaction for the election plus what he says about the election and the inauguration. I think it was just the total conduct of everybody just at odds with one another, war with one another and killing one another on the same things you cant imagine in the civilized you would say to one another. We would just reacting to that. Host you worked on commissions for the past two president s. Guest i was sent to white house commissions under president bush. President george w. Bush. Under obama, we have met several times that i was not on a whole Advisory Committee to him. Right now, towards the end of obama and now obama and i went to the trent administration i served on a board at the pentagon. So i have these occasional tourist duty hike it to go into washington. Im delighted to serve as a citizen if i have expertise and insight that can help government. I would be irresponsible to decline such an invitation. And of course this is unpaid. Im reimbursed food, whatever. It is otherwise unpaid. It is my civic duty because theyll never pick me for jury duty. 80 for three on that one. I can at least help the federal government make decisions when we need to. Host a couple minutes left with Neil Degrasse tyson. Thomas tiffin in a high economy may be the last caller. Go ahead. I appreciate your passion for science and sharing. I have perhaps a simple question. In failure analysis and forensic analysis, you can point to the center explosion. Ken astronomers point to the center of that big pain in what would they gain from that direction in other directions . Thank you. Guest thats a great question. The big bang explosion it is one thing to speak of the explosion of like a fireworks display or bomb forensically and then analogize it to the big bang. Theres a limit to where the analogies can take you in the point where they fail. Because the big bang is an explosion not only in space spending time, there is a center to that explosion, but you dont have access to it. The center to the explosion was 14 billion years ago when everything that exists today was in the same place at the same time. So, we go back, you mightve heard a this analogy to the surface of a balloon, where we lose one dimension just so we can describe it. So we can describe it among ourselves the way our human brain is wired to see it. An imaginary universe the surface of the balloon and you draw spiral galaxies on it. As you inflate the balloon, the distance between all galaxies rose. Thats precisely whats going on in her universe. Not because they are separating from one another within this base. It is because the space itself is stretching them as prescribed by einsteins general theory of relativity and experiments bear that out. Heres the university, but yesterday was smaller. If you want to ask him or is the center of a surface . Thats like asking where is the center of the surface of the earth . The question actually has no meaning. You know to not ask that he cares it is the long question given the geometry of what is going on. So i can ask a different question. Not where is the center of this universe the surface this year, i ask where is the center of the universe in the wind as 14 billion years ago. A timeline in a sense of the vectors pointing straight out from the center through the surface of the universe that we live in. As the balloon gets smaller and smaller, going back and back in time. Be them, that is the center of that explosion 14 years ago. Host but split adrian in memphis in. Guest hello. Im in seventh grade. I saw you in memphis [inaudible] my question is about rockwall. I want to know what is there and how you know it . Just go great question. You sound like youre in college, by the way. Pitcher in seventh grade. There is hope for the world. You wouldve been maybe four years old death by black hole. And there is little discussion about black holes and also how they can kill you. What we know is if you stand on the surface and want to escape it, unlike what your grandma told you, what goes up must come down, that is just false. Its true for most things. So it never comes back to earth. We collect the escape philosophy for earth. And for his comment that speed is seven miles per second. Seven miles per second. When the astronaut went to the moon, they had to travel nearly got speeds they wouldnt fall back to earth. They need to have enough speed that they can then pull them away from the earth. They travel links explaining miles per second. But anyway, its about seven miles per second. You can earth gravity were stronger, you would need to escape philosophy to leave and never come back. It would make sense. They have a higher escape velocity than earth does. Thats a higher gravity. Well, lets continue this exercise. It is something John Mitchell knew from way back centuries ago. He said suppose i have a star at such high gravity that light traveling at the speed of light is insufficient to escape. If that were the case, the star would just start in and continue all the light. He called this a dark star. And so, as it turns out to do the calculation correctly requires einsteins equations, not classical equations of newton. The equations to get the correct rate in syria. When you do this, you have what we call a black hole. We have examples of potholes in the galaxy command that you cant see them directly because of the light coming from them as you would suspect. Sometimes you would see distortion of the fabric of space and time in their vicinity. So it gets distorted. Make a left instead of going straight in because you dont want to get into the black hole, drawn into its gravity. The most commonly refined black holes if they come near them and spirals down and gets hotter and hotter and before it enters, and it breeds the ultraviolet and xrays. We have xray telephones as powerful as the whole telescope youd never heard of them because it doesnt take the pictures that five 10 maps these black holes across the galaxy said the day we finally go space traveling, you know what to avoid. Host dr. Tyson county of one minute to answer this question from the 2012 book space chronicles. Friday, april 13, 2025. Actually commanders a close close approach of an asteroid weve discovered. Its orbit crosses earths orbit and sometimes across as very closely. April 13, 2029, this asteroid the size of the rose bowl will come so close to earth that it will dip between our orbiting Communications Satellite and us. Those are fighting words. The use code twice the earth moon distance, we call them close calls, but they are not. This one you are invading their space. And it turns out that this asteroid will not have a trajectory that will then he does in 2036. As the periodicity where we are in the same place instead of the big worry was the lead actually says . The calculations are good enough not to say no, it will not hit us on either of those two days but it will be a close approach and all the better when it does. Host jeffrey dunn weathers. Guest yes. One of several ways the most assuredly go extinct is an asteroid rediscovered too late to do anything about. It reminds me of this comic con and may have been a new yorker whose one dinosaur lazily leaning on a rock and the other concept and says says i see now is the time to build an asteroid Defense System. The dinosaurs are just laying there all lazy, just kicking back in their jurassic laziness. So we should have a Defense System in place at all times and we dont. Host Neil Degrasse tyson has been our guest for the past three hours. His most recent book is called astrophysics for people in a hurry. This is booktv on cspan2. Heres a look at authors recently featured on booktvs afterword. I was inspired to write this book by a very strange kind of policy that we had in the city of philadelphia, which was our Public Transportation authority used to require that everybody who bought a monthly pass had to have a sex sticker, a gender marker, and for mail or ask for female and this created a lot of what i call sex identity and discrimination within the city and in particular, one woman, shirley marcela, a friend of mine and an act to this for trans rights in philadelphia, but against the company for gender identity information because when she offered her past, she was turned away. The bus driver said he cant use this because in my opinion youre not a woman. You are not a real woman. She brought back a past event and sticker on it in the same thing happening. You are not a real man. And this got me thinking, you know, in that case its pretty clear that there is no legitimate reason to have a sex identity marked on a pass. The city of philadelphia sparked a lot of grassroots activism to get the stickers removed from bus passes. Eventually, the city got rid of them, but never admitted it was discriminated against charlene or anybody else based on gender identity. It really got me thinking, if this is ridiculous, what about other ideas we carried around like drivers licenses, passport, birth certificate. [applause]