American, old ben butler is said. Yesterday morning the angel of death acting under the devils orders took him from earth and landed him in hell and all the southern countries there are no tears and no regrets, he lived only too long. He has the last remove from earth and pity the double the position he has secured a. They dont write them like fat anymore. Is my view that editorials by and large have got more water down over the years and the greatest editorials i believe were written around the late 1890s to the 1930s or the 1940s and as newspapers became more homogenized the editorial pages became more homogenized, the editorial began there have been great editorials written in the last 20 years. I have limited space in this book. I didnt think more recent editorials were as great as some of the earlier ones. Im mentioned chain newspapers. The first chain owner was frank muncie and he died in 1925 and when he died, the daily gazette wrote this. Frank manzi, the great publisher is dead, contributed to the journalists his day, the morals of a Money Changer and the manners of an undertaker. He and his kind have about succeeded in transforming a once noble profession into an 8 security. It was 1925 and think what happened to Old Newspaper ownership since then. There is change the tone 60, 70 newspapers, they move publishers and editors around. It is very difficult to comment intelligently on a community of you havent lived there for a long time and as people experience, the most response i ever received in the editorial would be personal editorials. I dont believe in personal editorials. I ever five in my life. Christopher died when he was 17, got sick one day and died 20 years ago almost today, i rose an editorial about him and received enormous response and part of the response was because a line in the editorial, i worked at nbc, put tim russert on the air, and when christopher died the phone rang, the phone rang at home and he was in tears and offering sympathy and he said if god had come to you 17 years ago and said i am going to give you a big healthy happy for any great kid for only 17 years and after 17 years i will take him away, he said you would at made that deal. And i put that in, that brought a tremendous response to me, and several years later, 10 or 15 years later when tin daughter went to the funeral in washington and his son got up, the only person to speak, he mentioned christopher and talked about his dads phone call to me and he said if god had come to me 21 years ago and said he will have the greatest hobby in the world but only have him for 21 years, he said i would have made that deal and that is the way he closed comments about his dad, that probably brought more responsive than any thing ever written in my life. There are all kinds of reasons, the main reason is you dont have time to look into any issue yourself. You dont have time to let obamacare, to look into the Supreme Court decision on gay marriage, you dont have time to look at the budget of the state in i was a you have to rely on people you trust to do that and editorial writers have all day to do this research comments to comment on it, if you believe your general views of the world a line with the general views of that newspaper we could be pretty comfortable voting making determinations about certain things. Is like a movie critic. I will go see that movie. I trust that movie critic. I will probably like that movie. On the other hand there are people who say i dont agree with anything that person said. They dont like that movie i will probably like that movie. They think obamacare is a good thing i dont think it is a good thing that there is a yardstick. Editorial pages provide a great yardstick if they are consistent end if all of a sudden they changed their view they are not consistent they owe it to the reader or the viewer to explain what brought about the change just like when a court all of a sudden doesnt follow precedents, it knows it too a lot to america to this to explain why they changed. What has changed in america so that this is no longer is the law of the land. The editorial is the soul of the newspaper, really is the soul of the community. The community has to have a yardstick. News is news, discussion of that news, analysis of that news but most of all kind of a moral position on it is vital for any community, you could have a great terrific newspaper but if it has got a middling editorialpage or shy editorial page is not a great newspaper. All the great newspapers have had great editorial pages and great editors. The most famous editorial of all time which was a long letter to president lincoln saying how disappointed the people were that he hadnt freed the slaves. It was like a brief that laid out what we were disappointed in. It prompted lincoln to write a response which was a lovely response about holding the union together. He said of fica hold the union together by freeing no slaves and free no slaves. If i could hold the union together by freeing all the slaves i would free all the slaves. If i could hold the union together by freeing some of the slaves i would free some of the slaves, then went on to say that is his mission but it didnt alter his own personal view which was slavery is bad and all slaves should be free. What president since lincoln would sit down and write a reply in the midst of a terrible terrible war. And turned its into a firstplace newspaper because of his editorials which were full of so much common sense but also out rage and passion and that is why i am reading the book, outrage, passion, and uncommon sense. For more information on booktvs visit to des moines and other cities visited by our local content vehicles go to cspan. Org local content. Booktv looks at politicos new and noteworthy on my bookshelf to see what that publication is recommending. On the shelf is the worlds hit and geographys unruly places along with the next economic disaster, a look at how private debt can spark economic downfall akin to the financial crisis of 2008. Operation shakspere is next on the shelf which reports on the sting by a Homeland Security unit to protect u. S. Citizens from enemies in possession of American Made weapons and technology. Booktv recently, the talk by mr. Shippman that will air in the coming weeks. Also on the shelf is a salt and flattery, the truth about the left and their war on women by townall. Coms news editor kate have. And getting life by michael morton. Mn his spent 25 years in prison for a crime he didnt commit. Had buchanan, Senior Advisor to Richard Nixon is on politicals new and night know where the shelf with the greatest come back, how resurrected his political career following successive election defeat in the early 1960s to become the 37th president of the United States. Online bookshelf also recommends the chinas of a mans chant by eric luann to story and, when the United States spoke french, an account of america at the end of the 18thcentury through the eyes of five french refugees as well as a biography of Hillary Clinton written by the editors of Time Magazine and finally on the bookshelf, sebastian have theirs biography of winston churchill. To see the full list visit politico. Com book shelf. Going back to americas founding it was very clear, you read George Washingtons for will address, it made clear you and i had a responsibility to keep government in check. Particularly conservative stands libertarians, we had a very naive theory that good ideas would rise to the top of politics like they do in markets. That is not true. Political markets, if we dont take that responsibility and step up and fight the power, you lose. Suddenly shows up. Government goes to those who shot and by abandoning the field of play we let government get out of control. Feels a liberal busybody not minding your own business type thing not to go lobby in washington and holding these rallies and to be a community organizer. Is that not sort of behavior like a liberal, you often railed against washington but you work here and this is what you do. It is funny because if you go to the training manual for the most radical leftist organizations they dont call it grass roots, they call it direct action. Their model for direct action was the boston tea party. First time i saw that, i smiled and said they stole our stuff. This was long before there was an actual tea party. The nature of the american experiment had everything to do with populism and grassroots and people on the streets of Boston Harbor and you wouldnt have the founding without samuel adams and the rabble rousing on those streets that pressured the new york delegation that was in bed with British Business community and the british government. We wouldnt have America Today without grass roots activism. I dont think it is a leftist thing. It is our tradition to do that. You can watch this and other programs online at booktv. Org. Rihanna cspan2. Here is our prime time lineup for tonights. At 6 00 p. M. Eastern booktv coverage of freedom fest, an annual libertarian conference in las vegas. Former california congressman james rogan talks about meeting and getting advice from famous people throughout his life. At 10 00 afterwards with veterans based correspondent jay barbree , talks about Neil Armstrong with our prime time programming continuing with a history of silicon valley. All happens tonight on cspan2s booktv. Booktv interviews former secretary of state Hillary Clinton on her memoir hard choices. Hillary rodham clinton, begin with the book begins, chad ginn i, a team of rivals and you draw an analogy between your role as a former senator, when you went into the job of secretary of state did you expected to be a team of rivals did to policy debates . There would be vigorous debate. What i say in the book my understanding of history, and my firsthand look at how it looks these decisions are for a president to make so i wanted to bring my experience and thought about what we should be doing and how we should do them, put it on the table, argue vigorously but then respect the president s final deliberation to his decision. This president or any president when it comes to deal with Foreign Policy . I believe america is an indestructible nation. We cannot go around solving all the problems in the world but big problems can be solved without us. Our leadership is absolutely essentials, and you going to the office with a very sober understanding of the responsibility. There are challenges, there are great opportunities. Values are the best resources, we have an opportunity to convey that to the rest of the world particularly the majority of the World Population in many places which is under 30. I want any president to believe in americas indispensability and americas leaders attended the essential role and have a good team around him or her to make those difficult calls and make the hard choices. A couple issues to focus on. One of the chapters, you deal with a middle class that is going to expand, brazil, china, in the and what that means for resources of the world. Explain what your reference is to that. In the book i write about the challenges we face, first among those is Climate Change and what that will mean and also the global prosperity that we in the United States had helped to build, to create those middleclasses. Our security references in asia, our example of free markets for free people and making sure consumers could get better goods and could develop a middleclass so from my perspective trying to make sure we in the United States understand, we want people in other countries to be more successful, to be lifted out of policy, not only its humanrights issue, a security issue which indeed it is, it is an economic opportunity. The more people have a higher standard of living the more likely they are to believe in democracy, to believe in values of freedom and opportunity that we exemplify and to want to buy the kinds of highvalue goods and services the United States excels in. 1 told nations, 87 days in an airplane. We spent a lot of time, months on the airplane going from place to place. I cant say enough. I do about what a great honor it is to get on that plane labeled the United States of america, land somewhere feeling that i am carrying with me not just myself and my staff and the press who travel with the secretary of state but the values, the symbolism of the United States so we had to have some fun because a lot of long hours in the air, we watched a lot of movies, have a lot of humorous episodes where we would make fun of each other, we dealt with crises long distance, we were always connected with washington, embassies, so even though it was a lot of time in the air we were able to get the most out of the. There are number of stories in the book. There were a lot of them but one that i write about, i dont know if anybody can picture but if you knew what Richard Holbrooke looked like, the fact that an experienced diplomat who traveled the world so many times, been in conflict zones, negotiated peace, changed into what he called the sleeping suit which literally looked like pajamas you put on little kids and it was a bright order that shocked everybody and did it with great humor so he gave us something to laugh about but we also, this man actually has flown and traveled more miles than all of us put together and he has to sleep to keep himself recharged. You may reference to the situation in iraq, it doesnt end without dialogue. Explain what his advice to you was and how you would buy is that to iraq today. The chapter on afghanistan and pakistan when i was there is called to end a war which is the title of richards memoir about ending the war in the balkans and he taught me a lot. I have known him for a long time so i have been in touch with him when he was ambassador of germany and went to the un and we had been colleagues even before he became my special envoy for afghanistan and pakistan and he stressed continually that getting to the point you can make peace is never easy. Because you dont make peace with your friends. You make it with people who are your adversaries, who have killed those you care about, your own people as those you are trying to protect. Is a psychological drama, you have to get into the head of those on the other side. You have to change their calculation enough to get them to the table, talk about what we did in iran, put a lot of economic pressure to get in to the table, and see what happens but that has to be the first step. I write about what we did in afghanistan and pakistan, trying to get the power the taliban to the table for comprehensive discussion with the government of afghanistan. In iraq today what we have to understand is that it is primarily a political problem that has to be addressed. The sunni extremists, socalled license group is taking advantage of the break down in political dialogue and the total lack of trust between the miliki government, i have been warning about this as have many others for a long time because when president bush made the decision that we would withdraw our troops at the end of 2011 unless we reached an agreement for the and to stay under certain conditions i worked to figure out if there was such an agreement, the state department was an active participant but at the same time we were constantly stressing maliki has to be more aggressive. He has to continue to support the men who came into the sunni awakening, general David Petraeus had to brokers so that the sudanese began fighting with americans and shiite iraqis in iraq. Our understanding was maliki understood that and would maintain it but unfortunately it was impossible to reach an agreement with him so our troops could not stay because they did not have the protection we required and he immediately began to go after sunni leaders, he would postpone and fail to come up with an agreement about the allocation of oil revenues, something the kurds were concerned about and he would set up sectarian government that couldnt maintain the loyalty of great parts of iraq and the isis group went into the vacuum. Host you write about the veteran diplomat who was in your office when he literally collapsed. What happened . Guest it was a terrible moment. Richard and i had been working to open a line of communication with the head of the Afghan Taliban and we had good partners in europe working with us on that as well. And we where setting up a meeting with the contact to verify he was authorized by Mullah Mohammad omar. There was potential in the moment we were exporting. He and i were having a scheduled meeting on a morning after a lot of this had been happening and i was there was one of my aides and his chief deputy. He was a little late because he had been at the white house in a meeting with others who were involved and he came in in a hurry, we began going through what we know now, what is our next step and i was looking at him as i am looking at you and i saw his face turned scarlet, deep purple read and i said what is wrong . He said i dont know. I dont know what is happening to me. You are getting up immediately and we are going to go to the medical unit in the state department. I said no. We had some staff help him and we took him to the elevator and took him down and one of his trusted staff went with him in an ambulance to George Washington hospital and after heroic efforts to save his life he passed away but the outpouring of grief and admiration of those who worked with him, richard was a bigger than life character, i called him a force of nature. You would take no for an answer. I said no no no. He followed me into a ladies room in pakistan, what you doing here . I thought you finally changed your mind. U. S. And incredible, dynamic representative of the countrys values and his deep profound desire to end conflict and saves lives so the outpouring was overwhelming. People from around the world who had worked with him, had been on opposing sides but who deeply respected him. It was a great loss, personal loss, Great National loss. Host when you said no oil yes on any decision you had harshly as. Walked us through the decisionmaking process for Hillary Clinton. Guest great question. First of all you have to be guided by your values to the best that you can apply them. For mes that means being true to who we are as americans, respect for a human rights, universal reapplied but you have to keep in mind americas interest and sometimes there is a conflict. The third part of the balancing effort, your security and theres often a conflict. What i do is try to gather as much information as i can and stay in touch with value interests and security mentally as i go through the exercise of gathering information, consulting people, listening hard, not being afraid to change my mind. I go into it thinking that is what must do and come out on the other side. Give you a couple of examples that i write about. It was very difficult with the uprising in egypt, if people believe they have all the answers, be a little wary because the complexity of the problems we face today dont deliver any easy answers to anyone unless you are straight ideologue and you dont care about evidence and we went back and forth. I went back on how i and several of the president s incisors were more cautious about what it would mean when Hosni Mubarak left power and others were incredibly committed and had good reasons the United States should get behind his leaving but it was a constant balancing act and it was something that nobody was 100 satisfied with. The unfortunate results left the big opening for the only two organized groups in society, the Muslim Brotherhood and the army and we saw what that led to. When i joined a small Group Evaluating the evidence on osama bin laden, it was a very hard call. We had intelligence that had been painstakingly gathered that pointed to this compound but the best you could say was that it was a 40 to 60 probability so it was a lot of bad checks. Does this look like a place that would be housing bin laden . What are the facts that would lead you to that conclusion . The president s advisers were divided not because one was right and what was wrong but because we were all really looking hard to come to the best recommendation. At the end of the process i recommended to the president that he proceed with the seal attack. I knew, my heart was in my through the entire time that this was a very big and risky undertaking. Finally, the phone rang one night at my home in washington and on the other end one of my aides is saying the blind dissidents has escaped from house arrest and wants to come into the embassy and we have to make a decision right now. He is in a car headed toward beijing. He was injured when he escaped. His foot was hurt. This will be very controversial with the chinese, you are on your way to china and that one turned out to be an easier call because i think our most important argument to the rest of the world is who we are, what we stand for and it took a number of days to sort out the diplomatic problems that we had with the chinese because of that so all of it is a constant balancing of all the different values, interests and security considerations you have to take into account. Host when you do that do you say i should have done this or do i wish i had done that riteaid decision and move on . Guest i say i made the decision but lets monitor very closely what the consequences arent especially the unintended consequences. Because you have to make a decision and you have to support that decision. It is not, i think, confidence inspiring to try to make a decision, and some leave me much more in intellectual and Emotional Turmoil but it is the right thing, do we know enough but then you make the decision and move forward. Others in retrospect i felt like there was no other decision i could have made. The other in issue is sitting on top of this big bureaucracy with 70,000 employees around the world. Americans, also a lot of foreign nationals. You cant possibly know what is going on. You have to rely on the systems that are created to gather information, evaluate it and pass it on. There is no way that any one person could read the millions of cables that came in during the time i was secretary or to know what is happening in many other places around world the we have interests that are perilous. It takes a lot of concentration. Every secretary of state will tell you the most amazing job, but it is not a job that gives you a lot of restful nights. Let me put it that way. Host you have a lot of conversations with your predecessors. Guest i highly valued the experiences of my predecessors because they were there and because the times might have been different but they brought intelligence and commitment and they often went through very tough times. So i respect all of them. My friend Madeleine Albright hosted dinner at her home where all the living secretaries of state except at that time secretary haig who was not well and died shortly afterwards but everyone else was there and it was great and then i continued to have conversations. I really relied on the assessments of people, what each of them saw happening, particular issues, George Shultz in his 90s remain just as sharp as when he was secretary of state. He would come to see me about one of the issues that were on his mind. Henry kissinger would speak to Vladimir Putin, would come back and tell me and our administration what he heard and what he thought. I took that very seriously. Colin powell was a great source of advice about people and situations as we often asked him and he was in communication also with the president about what he thought and Condoleezza Rice even though she was my e immediate predecessor and was very sensitive not to be interfering because i understand that, not with my successor, but she was always available when i needed to talk to her and i knew Warren Christopher and Madeleine Albright better than i had known some of the others and jim baker who had a great reputation when he was secretary of state for a toughness of mind, was often referred to by those with whom he worked at the state department and he believed in diplomacy and became my principal partner in trying to highlight the role of diplomacy built in the Diplomacy Center in washington. Host did you device john kerry cheese guest we talked about issues frequently. I respect the position he is in. He now has to make these hard shoelaces but i am available to him and have been fortunate to talk to him about a number of issues in the last yearandahalf. Host you say Warren Christopher gave you the best of vice . Warren christopher, who passed away a few years ago, said dont plan of vacation in august because something always seems to happen it difficult to history, the guns of august, what a great title, but even as i was coming in a few months earlier in august of 2008 russia invaded georgia and took over two provinces within georgia and declared them, quote, independent but totally dependent upon russia so august, maybe it is the heat around the world but august is a time when things seem to pop and you have to be ready. Host back to something you said earlier, we are the indispensable nation. How are we viewed by foreigners . How are americans viewed and what are some of the misperceptions they may have . I was somewhat disturbed when i came in and started making phone calls to leaders around the world from some of whom i had known, others i did not and i started looking at polling data, people who do big global polls about attitudes and there was this real disconnect. In early 2009 Public Opinion about the United States was quite low in much of the country. We were in the midst of two wars, we had a terrible economic crisis that many people in the country laid at our doorstep, ripples throughout the rest of the worlds. Our values seems to have been brought into question with some of the actions that were taken during the war on terror. So i found a lot of skepticism, a lot of talk of americas absence and even americas decline. I side as my responsibility and my conversations with then president elect obama, that is what we discussed, that he would have to focus on the economic crisis here at home for obvious reasons but i would have to focus on the crisis of our reputation and our leadership around the world and what i found is in the same polling, research analysesi read, people wanted what we want, they want good jobs, they want security, their values as they expressed it to researchers were very much in line with what the United States has always stood for but they had grown either negative about us or in different. Is especially notable that young people didnt have an opinion to the United States was as a nation. They know our pop songs that they didnt know we save the world from fascism in world war ii, had long cold war, defeated international communism, made the world save for democracy and prosperity, they just didnt know and therefore our job was both to deal with the immediate, the crisis of confidence, the skepticism but also to try to begin rebuilding. Certainly president obama had a great image around the world which helped people pay attention. I was well known and a lot of people around world followed our campaign really closely as i later learned and i knew that it wasnt enough for me to go meet people behind closed doors. I had to get out and speak to the public. I did a lot of what is called a public diplomacy. I went on popular tv shows. I held town halls, i did a lot of interviews. I did everything i could to have a direct and unfiltered channel to the people in these various places because we had a big hole to dig out of and we have to recognize that even when people are criticizing us or dismissing us, in the back of the minds of most of them, not Vladimir Putin but most people around world, they count on us so when theres a huge natural disasters they expect us to be there. When there is a problem that needs to be addressed in an International Forum they come to us. So i really took seriously the challenge of reasserting American Leadership and reestablishing in our own minds as well as those around world our indispensability. That did not mean unilateral, part of what people were reacting to was this idea that america made decisions that they were imposing on other countries. Instead i wanted to promos what i called smart power. We cant just rely on our military as great as it is. We have to be more engaged in partnerships with other countries, we have to be building longterm relationships, we have to be investing in health care and the education because that will raise up people, particularly women and girls so that societies will become more stable so i think indispensable nation is a very fair description. My husband first used it, Madeleine Albright made it famous and it is still as important as it ever was. Host you write about our politics, relations between congress and the white house and had a unique vantage point. How does a president forge a compromise . What would it take for this president or any president to break through the gridlock . I did think a lot about that even though i was spending time in 112 other countries besides my own but i had a unique perspective. I could see how we were being received. It was somewhat distressi. It was somewhat distressing from time to time. I was in hong kong and all Business Leaders wanted to talk to me about was whether the United States of america was going to default on the desk. After being a credit worthy nation to everyone around world, that we were going to start acting like some kind of other entity that was not in keeping with our character or our history and i told them we will get through it, dont worry but it happens again in the fall of 2013. The government was shut down, which was a disaster from my perspective both here at home and because of the message it sends to the rest of the worlds. It struck me that the default on the debt debate had a different response of round world so the first time, there was confusion. How does your system work . How can you say you wont pay the debt you have already entered . This is not about future spending. Do what you need to get your fiscal house in order but congress, president , people of the United States, you have already incurred the debts and the attitude was okay, what does this mean . Fast forward to the fall of 2013. It had evolve into contempt. The chinese were very blatant. We need to, quote, deamericanize the world. You cant count on the United States. Political system is so dysfunctional and paralyzed. The first point i would make about compromise is we have to elect people who believe in compromise. There are a lot of candidates and even some elected officials who probably say they will never compromise because after all they have the truth. I am a person of faith but i dont think any human being has the truth. They act as though they have a direct channel to the divine or some other source of direction and that is just contrary to how democracys work. Citizens should not be endorsing those views. You can be very conservative but you know that in a democracy, give and take about legislative process no person will get everything he or she wants. Secondly people should not be funding campaigns or organization that takes that view because it is not just this president but any president who has a responsibility to the overall population of our country and to be put in a position where you cant cooperate because people are uncompromising and being funded to be uncompromising is dangerous to our democracy and of course our leaders themselves on both sides of the aisle have to do more to reach out. I was quite taken with the recent Mississippi Senate primary wear long serving senator cochran, who is a great gentleman and someone i came to know when i served in the senate, expanded base of the Republican Party in order to win his primary. That is what you are supposed to do. You are not supposed to just reach out to those who agree with you. One of our problems in our country today is we are not talking across ideological partisan lines. We are not listening to each other. Patty murray and paul ryan get big marks for coming to get it to get a budget to resolve the Government Shutdown last fall. My view is maybe overly simplistic, but we have to Start Talking and learning to trust each other again. We need to spend time with each other. We need to break bread together, we have to try to find those areas of common ground. It is to endure ground with matters of great principle. I respect that the lot of these debates are not matters of great principle, they are political arguments designed to gain advantage. Not just the president of another party. More jobs were created with bill clinton as president , many, many more people were lifted out of poverty. So if were having a discussion about what is the appropriate role of government policy in trying to incentivize and support economic growth, we have evidence. If were having a debate about whats the best way to help people get out of poverty, its a combination of people helping themselves and engaging in behaviors like staying in school that will help them combined with policy. We have evidence. So a lot of what you hear when someone says were not compromising is not a well thought out argument, it is simply a political statement. And we saw that clearly with the debt limit. The idea that not paying the debts we had already incurred would somehow affect our future spending was just not true. But i think a lot of americans were led to believe that the we didnt stop if we didnt stop spending right here and not compromise, you know, we would never get it under control. Well, when my husband was president , he negotiated with newt gingrich. And newt would say terrible things about us during the day, and then he would come to the white house, and he and bill would sit down and start to negotiate. Sometimes newt would say i cant support you on that, but i wont fight you on it even though politically i cant be with public about it. And so there were always ways of trying to thread the needle. But when somebody makes these dramatic, dogmatic statements about no compromise, youve got to peel it back. What exactly are they talking about and whats the evidence . Not in slogans, not in heated rhetoric. Show me the evidence. And im someone whos very open to that. I dont think i have always answers. Ive certainly learned over time that i dont. But thats the kind of dialogue that we need to get back to. Host one of the stories in your book going back to Foreign Policy is the yellow phone that was installed in your house. Guest right. Host first of all, what was it, and how did that symbolize our relations with china . Guest well, it was a secure phone that is installed in the home offices of high ranking officials in our government, both parties. The technology has changed over time, but the idea is the same. Host is it yellow . Guest there were i had two. One was all black and one was yellow and black. I preferred the yellow and black because it seemed to have a clearer signal and sound coming through, but they were both able to be secure channels for communication. So when they rang, i you knew that you knew there was something people wanted to talk to you about in a way that couldnt be penetrated by foreign governments because the state department was a key target for government and and other hackers trying to get into our systems all the time. As was the rest of the government and Many American businesses. So when the yellow phone rang, i knew it was something that was very serious because otherwise people just called me on the regular phone, say, you know, we have a meeting tomorrow, bringing over your briefing book. It was very much a matter of immediacy, and that phone is kind of a symbol of that. Host you also talk about social media and its role in diplomacy. Guest right. Host how big of a deal is it . Guest its a really big deal. It historically wasnt because it didnt exist, but now its pervasive. And thats why i pushed the state department. It was an open door, but i pushed it open, even her open to be hutch more even more open to be much more engaged in social media. Am