Challenge the media to carry the sordid keep this message going. It seems like thats the only way its going to happen if it stays in the public view. Thats the reason for the book and the lecture. Thank you or that. Its quite something and important for him to understand it could have been to you. With the government turns on you because they can pretty much but they are powered of the government behind themselves to crush you and many, many ways. He refused to give the Bush Administration the names of all the client after 9 11. At t and verizon caved in this that i cant do it. Im a public company. You got to give me a subpoena. They came up with some charred and put them in jail for seven days. They spent 30 million defending themselves. If you read it, it is quite amazing to see what went on with this hysterical kneejerk reaction after 9 11. A horrible thing of course, but why . On my side of the coin we were talking in prison together i said yeah i give Osama Bin Laden a 14 million account. He lived in cambridge, massachusetts. No connection. Granted you think theres a connection that you might want to go down that path. But they had no interest in doing that. When i gave the account to the middle east, they said that is a nothing account. Several billion dollars. That is to know. One of them just looked too big holdings in new york city. You wouldnt want to go there. Just one absence of investigation can cover all your bases. I guess not because you might not want to see what you uncover. Its in the book. Thank you very much. [applause] thank you. Thank you. Thank you very much. Clap that [applause] and be willing to sign anyones votes. If you want your book signed, id be happy to do that for you. You were watching tv on cspan2. This is television for serious readers. Were at Hillsdale College in michigan interviewing professors who are also authors a tremendous taoist Hillsdale College professor of history covering tg heart. His book is called from billy graham to sarah palin evangelicals and the portrayal of american conservatism. Professor hart, what is the definition erstwhile with evangelicals. Thats a hard question, but the simple one ive heard used as anyone who likes billy graham, now some of our viewers may not even know the billy graham is the insight have a friend who teaches at duke, these stats if they knew the billy graham was then they dont but the younger generation. It means someone who has sent a relationship with jesus, some kind of bornagain experience. A simple way of trying to define it but theres a longer history and a longer answer. Kitty loved evangelicals into one Political Group or another . Guest you can in some ways if you look at evangelicals ethnically as people british descent for englishspeaking background. Those protestants in the 19th century were import in the formation of the Republican Party then and into the 20th century they were also important constituent he a reaganbush coalitions first. This kind of an affinity between the english background for a scottish background, protestants with the Republican Party and people of dutch or german descent may have been at one point in the Democratic Party because democrats were coalition of ethnic groups and southerners come at better. Some of that has worn away as some of those ethnic groups have become more americanized if it were. They may fit more with the Republican Party. Theres strong was strongest differences between evangelicals and ethnic. We dont think of english as ethnicity in the United States are scottish, be you could look at it that way and see affinity is politically as well between the public and evangelicals. Host who are the leading evangelicals in Society Today . Just go there or that people who the popular preachers like rick moran at Saddleback Church and california enjoy posting his popular. I only read about him. I dont follow him. They would be people not very political, though rick warren hosted a debate between president obama in the democratic nominee and john mccain. And he also gave one of the implications that president obama said that duration in 2008. But he hasnt believed then that political then. Hosting hasnt had any political foot prints as far as ive followed it. The Jerry Falwell junior featured falwell senior was important that the Reagan Coalition and the moral majority in 1979 and he made it onto the cover of Time Magazine at least twice i believe. His son now who is president of Liberty University in lynchburg, virginia has been one of the most outspoken evangelicals and taken a lot of criticism for it for backing donald trump and that trump raises a whole interesting set of questions that evangelicals in politics. Someone else who has emerged of late is eric tok says. I dont know how much people knew him as an evangelical for an evangelical per se, certainly conservative. He seems to have inherited the mantle of chuck colson who was in the nixon white house, spent time in prison after watergate, they came back, was involved in prison reform. He made alliances with richard john neuhaus, editor of first things magazine. They set up something called evangelicals and catholics together. I was kind of a basis for evangelicals and thats actually forming a coalition pretty much of the republican fold. But i still think theres kind of a back view right now for evangelical leadership. Franklin graham is out there. He seems to have inherited some of his fathers position that he is not the evangelist the way his father was. There really isnt a figure that rises to the level of the billy graham or Jerry Falwell if he were to put it that way. Why use the word betrayal in the subtitle of this book . To be provocative and away, but also to raise questions about different kinds of conservatism. This may get into the weeds of politics especially politics on the right that people care to follow. You can trace the beginning of the socalled conservative movement to the 1950s for someone like William Buckley junior, National Review magazine and an initial modest success in backing Barry Goldwater in the president ial campaign of 1964 although he was a colossal loser. But then people say that tradition continued in some way, founded studies with ronald reagan. You see the conservative movement take up more so with reagan and others. Evangelicals were outliers for much of that political history. In fact, if you look at the history of evangelical politics, even though ethnically varied ties between evangelicals and Republican Party going back to abraham lincoln, the political instincts of evangelicals as they read it and i have grown up so i know something of the background is much more moralistic and constitutional. The conservatives have 1950s were very much could turn about the constitution and the limits on government although they wanted a strong Foreign Policy to oppose communist. Evangelical is invariably have with their politics through more lands whether something is good or bad, supports homeliness enriches us a rather detract from that or some notions of justice. Conservatives as ive understood them and absurdities this Reference Point for the book have been recognized in america is a place that different moral convictions in the constitution as a vehicle to allow those differences to play out and so ive wanted to work through constitutional measures for certain kinds of policies and laws and that procedural and that procedural is a musthave for often times frustrates evangelicals who want to go right for the right thing to do. Host have conservative evangelicals than a hindrance to republican electoral 6s . The most recent three or four election is. President bush was an odd kind of conservative and an odd kind of evangelical and that he embraces this package called compassionate conservatism which was maybe was touchier and feel your answer a match during the shares in Foreign Policy than some of his derivatives and as far as an evangelical, he was a member, maybe still is at the United Methodist church which add an protestant baseball would be a liberal protestant because United Methodist are part of the mainline church and evangelicals part of the groups generally coming out of the mainline churches. This is way more than pete owl want to know. So he is an odd fit and not respect, but i think with the iraq war and the Foreign Policy of the miscues in iraq, it evangelicals identify so much with one party, especially a Foreign Policy that is no liability for republicans. And i think thats been borne out even in some ways this year with the candidacy of donald trump. Host have democrats made a strong play for evangelicals . Just go theyve tried to talk was sudden. Hillary clinton herself has turned United Methodist background as well. Ive seen some stories on her about her faith and how it can find by a reinhold realism or whatever. But it always seems not to play well for democrats because they have other prices are either for whom some of the evangelical on certain moral issues doesnt play well. I think it can only go so far. It can be more of a personal matter than some kind of policy. Host professor hart, who are some of the evangelical politicians who are heroes to the movement and can you call it a movement . Yes, i think you can. In some ways its best to call them the movement. It transcends denominations. It is linked to a number of institutions. Billy graham is an institution, but there used to be important bible colleges ensign universities that also identified markers of the movement. The politicians i mentioned two. Besides from people art and evangelical. He represents the moralistic concerns that evangelicals unsuccessfully three times. He spoke to a large swath of evangelicals across the nominations. He had a syndicated column that i think when out to the millions in their teens and 20s. He also would gain him send credibility because of his stance for the bible et cetera. Hes a democrat and that hasnt exactly said. That shows in some ways made earlier categories is mainly republicans may may have some problems. It gets loose and i am not trying to make things harder and faster than they should be. The other person that comes out in this book, senator Mark Hatfield from oregon that he was kind of a lefty republican. He was working across the aisle with democrat and another number of antivietnam or antiwar sirsi reforms. A number of social welfare reforms as well in the lease for the evangelical left that it become more prominent in the last two decades or so. He wouldve been a hero, but he didnt have seems to me and i dont mean to offend any people who are huge fans of senator hatfield or anyone more again. It doesnt seem he left much of a legacy of something that someone is going to take a and sam hatfield republican. I think a lot of people, republicans and evangelicals wouldnt necessarily know who hatfield is or was. It is escaping me who else i might think of other than what about today we take contemporary politician ted cruz. Is he somebody that the evangelicals would follow . Marco rivera and ted cruz appealed to both in some ways for different ways, but obvious it was an enough to help them through the primaries. I mean, here was someone else that emerged in 2012 which was Rick Santorum. Roman catholic senator, former senator from the media. He did really well in the southern primaries. And again, that shows how remarkable the transformation of american politics is religiously over the last 50 years than john f. Kennedy, when he read her president in 1960 had to go out of his way to explain that he wasnt going to be the Roman Catholic president. He was going to be his own man calling for separation of church and state. In 2012 Rick Santorum who was pretty outspokenly Roman Catholic in a lot of ways was appealing to protestants because i think between 1960 and 2012, people have it on fire and about secularization of American Life that works for Roman Catholics and protestants so it shows a coming together and so might buy those groups by policies of the federal government that may undermine the family, churches, religious on the lake. Again it wasnt sufficient to get them toward anywhere near anderlecht aerobic jury. Sarah palin has been the subtitle of my book and a chance for a little bit in the 2008 campaign. She seemed to be one of them. That is one of the reasons mccain picked her. Again, in some ways she met in more of a liability families for voters in the middle. Host you mention you come from an evangelical background. What is your bag around . Guest my parents were independent baptist and you could say fundamentalists. They went to bob jones university. I wasnt allowed to go to movies even though i did. I did also said that as a parent didnt want me to do. I snuck out yet but that is my background and someone elses in the mix of the book is that figure by the name of francis schaeffer, a Protestant Missionary to switzerland of all places because you would think the swiss were actually already christian. The Roman Catholics there and protestant think they were christian, but he set up a study center and we must come to switzerland, and Little Village of the mountain which was close to montreux. It became a place where baby boomers went to figure out their lives, think about the meaning of christianity in relation to existential floss at the foot and movies of bergman, things like that. He had a big appeal. Looking at the way gary wills that he wrote in 1992. Schaeffer is a major figure in that. He inspired him that the antiabortion protests. He did a film with cuckoo was the Surgeon General under ronald reagan. And so i went over there when i was a sophomore in college to figure out life and in some ways to see europe did not deny sorted became left fundamentalist unimpressed. So that is some of my best. We make you consider yourself an evangelical today . Guest i do not. A lot of people still would classify me in that way. One of my objections if the categories that academics use are not often as malleable or subtle as they might be. Academics should try to be more precise in evangelical becomes the label that includes everyone under the sun and it just doesnt lead to that kind of clarity even though it complicated for. What that might mean for American Public life. Host professor hart, what was your goal with this book . Guest ever since way that the perceptions i had while working for the Intercollegiate Studies Institute which is academic nonprofit in wilmington, delaware and william f. Buckley was actually its founding president i believe. A rose in the 1950s as part of the conservative movement. It was originally called the intercollegiate society of individualists and russell kirk is a prominent figure here on campus at hills theyll said individualism is a bad word and he believed in persons, not individual so they eventually cut the initials to change their name. Anyway, i was learning about conservatism trying to figure out what evangelicals didnt necessarily fit in the programs response. For some of the limitations in our programming that included all kinds of students from the United States colleges and universities that evangelicals may struggle at a certain way so i was trying to figure that out. Theres a narrative of the United States that put the puritans had a very prominent part of it and reads the United States in some ways the ones of the protestant reformation, pure attempt and it doesnt make sense it seems to me that in the 1930s, 40s, 50s, different people making this case for arguing that americas groups were with the puritans in a kind of understanding a call for individual freedom. Another reason was to figure out the relationship in some way between protestantism and political conservatism. Before we let you go, another new book out. Who was hl mencken . He was one of the most likable americans ever to live. He has a reputation of being a naysayer, a curmudgeon, a crank, offending a lot of people. He was not politically correct. Having spent three, four, five years with them, i would like to spend time as a person because he had a lot of a lot of fun and it comes through in his writings. He make some of a lot of people. Most of the time is not the time is generally goodnatured. After he died, it is one of the most vicious things he ever wrote. I can understand in his own ways. Overall its much more charitable. They might resonate with it was a curmudgeonly figure. He said he read huck said but i think you just have a lot of fun in life. He was incredibly prolific. They do not have that kind of work ethic and he was clever and funny. Ive been reading off and on since i was a graduate of a lot of baltimore stayed with me and thats part of my personal experience. Active in the 1920s 1930s. He started as a newspaper reporter in the teens. Has baltimore morning herald i believe. He started editing, coediting a magazine with george mason and eventually founded the american mercury and by that point he was a notable american figure or a celebrity. He declined in the 30s because it was quite critical of the new deal and fdr. At a time when they didnt want to be made fun of. You have this remarkable resurgence at the end of his life for at least the end of his career with a limited trilogy of memoirs that were quite successful and quite popular. They recently came out in the library of america series. It is not so much about 10 back his encounters to different parts of his life. One has actually i kind of huck finn quality to it instead his days as a newspaper man and other days as i cant remember the last title slug went out there. That book comes out in december on trade november 2015. Weve been talking with associate professor dg hart. Thank you. For the third time. Thats a record. Before i do those honors i want to let you know that annes husband traveled to memphis with the