[inaudible conversations] good morning and welcome to the Hudson Institute. I am tim weinstein, president and ceo and im delighted to welcome everyone here this morning. Today as they think everyone in this room knows kicks off a very critical week for the u. S. India relationship. As Prime Minister modi is here in washington for a first meeting with President Trump. Here at Hudson Institute, we are delighted to host a special event hosted on the future of the u. S. India commercial partnership and we are also grateful to our friends at cspan for covering this event live. U. S. India bilateral trade has an estimated 11,420,000,000,000, less than one fifth of the u. S. China 640 billion bilateral trade relationship. India is americas ninth largest supplier of foreign goods and 18th largest export market. The worlds first in the worlds six largest economies respectively, we are hesitant to believe there is significant room for growth. The u. S. India relationship is an important one here at Hudson Institute. Our south asia program, which is directed by former ambassador hussein had connie hussein haqani in the u. S. India japan trilateral relationship for some time now. I was very fortunate to be honored to be included in a briefing with Prime Minister modi during his last visit to washington. We are honored today to have the cochairman of the congressional caucus, Representative George Holding of North Carolina here with us to offer keynote remarks and i will introduce him momentarily. We also have an excellent Panel Moderated by ambassador haqqani who will be joined by kumar, the president of boeing india, danny obrien, the leader transportation at General Electric. Janine schapiro, director at north america and the Vice President or senior Vice President with growth. Allow me not to introduce congressman holding. Congressman Holding Growth in raleigh North Carolina attended Lake Forest University where he was the classics in my insert for an practice law before becoming u. S. Attorney for North Carolina. She is represented for North Carolina 13th Congressional District and was sworn in on january 2017 and serves on the ways and Means Committee. Most importantly for our purposes coming as a coach or the congressional caucus on india. Without any further ado, allow me the honor of introducing representative holding. [applause] all right. Lets get all set up here. Thank you very much. Its a very warm welcome for the opportunity to offer some remarks. Its kind of odd to be here with a panel of actual experts of the u. S. India relations and how we can foster deeper Economic Funds between our two great democracies. Members of congress think we are experts on everything, so you just have to bear with me. I especially like to thank the Hudson Institute and the Indian Industry proceedings the partnership between the india and United States is incredibly important with a super great turnout today. Glad to see we are likeminded. The u. S. India relationship always begins with the dialogue. Ill be the first to admit these conversations are not always easy. When i was in india early this year, for the fourth time there is honesty on the part of concerns about h. One b. Visas. Last week and the ways and means ways and Means Committee read a hearing the trade ambassador and there were some frank discussions about tariffs, price control and medical device. I firmly believe these are conversations we have to have the will submit what i believe will be the defining relationship between our two countries in the 21st century. Before i begin, im sure there are some questions amongst you all about why a member of congress or North Carolina is the cochair of the indian caucus and how that same member got asked to give these remarks today. So, here is a marker for your guide. All politics is local in your constituency in North Carolina, im proud to represent over 20,000 Indian American. That is upwards of 90 in North Carolina are owned by Indian Americans. Now, at head does Prime Minister modis office, eyesight groundswell of support in my district not only for his candidacy, but for reinvigorating the u. S. India relations. And im talking about Indian Americans whove never been involved in the political process in the United States, turned out to events are sought out a representative, but currently you are interested in this country having a better relationship with other countries. It was through them and talking about them, about their desire for robust bilateral relationship that i found myself very interested in the u. S. India policy. Though, i quickly realized the potential that existed in a partnership of all this democracy and a large democracy and i know the oldest largest talking point is one that gets tossed around a great deal, but i always believe that the core of the u. S. India relations and that of course is our shared values reflected by our democracy. It is the mutual recognition that respectfully shared values and the people to people connections maintained by the Indian American communities i believe draws so many members of congress to be such strong supporters of the bilateral relationship and one of the largest caucuses in congress in comparison to other caucuses. As the Prime Minister and the president concluded their first ever in person meeting, very foolish in the future of our relationship. I believe we can build strong gains that weve witnessed over the course of the last few years and continue our progress forward. This visit should allow each leader for great personalities to reinforce why this relationship matters to both sides of the equation but also can express any concern they might have candidly mantoman. Over the course of the trump eric, and even doubt about certain policies. They will find significant areas of cooperation from enhanced security coordination and collaboration will find ourselves wellpositioned for these opportunities. Regardless, its important to remember for many Years Congress has been on the front line of driving the u. S. India relationship. I think even more so because the the engagement with members of congress. I can publicly confirmed today to you all that we have no intention of taking our foot off the gas as far as driving this relationship. Reflecting on just the time during which ive had the privilege of being the cochair of the housesenate caucus, i feel weve made strides in a number of areas. Thats not to say we dont have a lot more work to do, but this is undertaking the extraordinary effort from both sides of the equation. I struggle when i think of a better way to strength in the u. S. India relationship by bolstering businesstobusiness ties. Politics is one thing which has ebbs and flows, the business ties endure. Trading opportunities once established will endure and aside from economic and effect, these relationships with Great American and great Indian Companies, Large Companies and Small Companies will help us whether all the political travails that has significant room for growth in the six largest economies. The goods and services between the u. S. And india just south of 115 billion a year. India is her name trade partner and deficits with respect to goods and services remains for some unnecessarily high especially with exceptional growth. What else can be done to further develop our economic bonds . A member of the trade subcommittee of the ways and Means Committee i can tell you our nations are certainly no stranger to some good discourse as i mentioned earlier with one another at the mbta and continuation of ernest bilateral investment treaties on the back burner for a while but a number of us are urging to get back onto the front earner. The companies they speak with, any trade or investment will be more than welcome to get capital off the sidelines and by giving investors additional confidence to place their money. This would also committee added an assist as taking away the agreement concerning a variety of sectors and industries, specifically technology has an Incredible Opportunity to further integrate our economies and even our government with cybersecurity. It will be the innovation economy to allow the u. S. And india the worlds most Innovative Companies these are staffed with incredibly creative people, talented workforces. They will assist the Prime Minister and realize the visions with india the expertise and resources. If we are able to foster an ecosystem that enables the u. S. And india to become even better partners in technology and the innovative spaces i believe we can relate even greater business and economic insurgencies. We all know about companies that have driven growth, a number of which everyone on this panel is a part of the companies i believe. But theres also such Great Technology and innovative partnerships and energy sectors, some of which are already being realized. I was proud last year, the last congress signed into law but among other things will help bolster the abilities of our governments to develop and share cuttingedge Defense Technology with the nba. It was certainly my aim to encourage additional Code Development initiatives that help us Grow Business opportunities and keep strategic object is along the way. We visited india earlier this year with chairman goodlatte of the Judiciary Committee and with lots of good sessions on how to have a synergy between making india and America First and believe that the two philosophies actually work very well together. This is a positive step for the Strategic Partnership to go further we need to see this fully realized not just in the sharing, the transferring of defense technologies, but further i expect we will also continue to see cybersecurity. The cybersecurity challenges while those in the indian ocean are sharing together. The United States have a significant opportunity with growing demand for stable and Affordable Energy that make an affordable reality and he would immediately have the use of the natural terminal in houston, texas, but in the meantime we need to be prepared to further expand our lab report in the renewable air as these technologies will only increasingly become more important to the energy of our nations. All of this like our bilateral relationship and defense cooperation stands to contribute to the economic success of both of our countries. More importantly, this type of cooperation stance to bring our two nations closer together, which always must be the shared object to have the end of the day. Everything we do must be viewed in the critical relationship for both nations and both of our peoples. The United States is a natural partner in india and india has a very natural partner in the United States. I think it is incumbent upon all of us engaged on this issue and engaged in further bilateral relationship all with the believe in the future that this will be a defining relationship for the new century, that we keep working hard Going Forward. I thank you all very much. [applause] sound not good afternoon. Im haqqani, director for south and central asia here that attendance to two. We are grateful for what we have received in the partnership of the Indian Industry and i would like to ask before we get started, thank you for puttig together this panel. President trump and Prime Minister modi are going to be meeting today. The congressmen in an effort the u. S. India relationship have a defining partnership of the 21st century, a term that has been used by president s of the u. S. In the last couple of decades. In the oped in the wall street journal this morning, Prime Minister modi had values between the United States and india. We all know that while values and interests are a conceptual framework in relationships between nations also have to be measured and they are often measured in terms of how well they do in commercial partnership and trade and industry, which is why we have brought this panel to you today. The secondlargest bilateral trading partner in goods and india is the United States ninth largest blunder will trading partner. Bilateral trade in goods and services in the night dates in india stands at an estimated 114 billion. Around 100 Indian Companies operating united date then have created close to 100,000 jobs here. They have invested more than 15 million in the u. S. Companies have invested 28 billion in india in the last three years. Just to give you a measure, the u. S. India defense equipment trade was 200 million in the year 2000. Today stands at about 15 billion. But as the Worlds Largest and the sixth largest economy, there is room for further growth and the World Bank Report for 2017 on the eve of doing business globally great 230 out of 190 countries. Is there a greater ease of doing business in india, perhaps even more American Companies that had to india, which have held back the relationship in the area of defense, for example, one of the factors of american rules and regulations on export control in the indian desire also to be able to make things in india. Where are we going to see this relationship . The u. S. India commercial partnership and we have an excellent panel today. Representatives from all of those who can be identified as the Major Players in the field of innovation and expansion of commercial ties between the United States and india. Danielle brian from General Electric as the Government Relations leader. In this capacity he is commercial and Public Policy issues. He is a longtime adviser in the u. S. Senate chief of staff to three senators in the manage the policy Communications National leaders and now hopefully well be playing a crucial role in the expansion of these engagements with india. Then, we have liberal just to my right. The senior Vice President at woodrow in the Silicon Valley in california. Hes the leader of new age business with focuses on firmwide x gross state funds by Venture Capital fund and the opposed ipo stage of a mobile platform. None of this means anything to me because i am not as technology converse of that most people might be. The people who are watching this discussion on cspan will be totally impressed. Im going to leave here and go to market transformation across the hall. He has the responsibility of Business Operations and mix ending and i will talk about that in just a minute. Then we have in the middle James Shapiro who is the resident director in north america. He manages north americans responsible for assisting the region in the areas of Government Affairs community relations, academic partnerships, sustainability and development in most of you in this room but no Lockheed Martin and manufacturing. Our fifth speaker is on its way and told. He is the president of india in these running late. That is not in any way a commentary. He arrives on time most of the time. Hes the Vice President and also serves as managing your india. Hes based in new delhi and he is going to integrate and advance the committees in india across the business unit. Before we get started on a discussion, just a very quick rundown on the panel in their business interests in relation to india. She has doubled its investment in delivered over the last five years. New investment in manufacturing listed 230 million in 2006 have a factor of 200 million fact three in india to play Something Like dirt team to 15,000 people in india. Boeing investment in india including new factory, which plans for a cross and also has an act to footprint. Boeing is doubling its sources from india. And this person is roughly 500 million in india. Also on the other hand has a very large number of employees in the united state. Happy employees in the united stated of over 150,000 people employed here. Those who think this relationship happens a lot, no, india is actually creating jobs in the United States as well. Planning to open new Delivery Centers in the United States. Its biggest geography by revenue in atlanta, dallas and new jersey and has invested 500 million acquiring a u. S. Based last year. Of course starting a group of companies at the number of American Companies including boeing, starbucks and cooper and in cooper and then play Something Like 22,000 people in north america. They are working currently for starbucks to expand increased investment with india in the near future. You can have in mumbai and calcutta as well. A billion dollars in the United States in 2008 and over 100 billion. Enough with the introductions. Lets get to the nittygritty. Lets start with you. My first question to you in todays innovation, people talk about innovation of technology in houston with Information Technology. Where do things stand and where do we see things Going Forward . First of all, glad to be here. The number you mentioned is a global employment. But still, having said that, 50 of that is in the United States. Okay. So i think first of all its good to be on a panel because a certain [inaudible] if you are a student of innovation, if you have family members, children who come and see in digital technology, theres never been a better time to work on the skills for now. We have extremely associated with things in what innovation means in our industry. It means cybersecurity. It means artificial intelligence. Today i live in Silicon Valley standards and im overdressed today. If you look at innovation, globally emerging from north america from the United States. We are associated and today clients are asked team for investment for months had clients are expecting us to be at the edge of cybersecurity to keep their firewall safe. Clients expect us in order for them to be able to have health care are taking a taxi drive on cooper from point a to point b. We have created innovations for health care. We have created a Design Center in Brooklyn New York whos apps you probably have on your cell phone. We have invested in a salesforce cloud, some other services are in the United States working. If you are retailing chances are the cybersecurity out there are being operated and monitored. And so why are they doing this . They are doing this because the Way Technology is changing, without getting too technical, what that means is rapid prototyping. That means you want to be closer to the client. You want to be closer to where the solution is coming. It fits our longterm needs. And i think just in the last 10 or 12 months and i try to do this in u. S. Dollars. For every business or operating, people are investing 5 billion of gain Capital Expenditure in north america. We were hiding last year from at least north america. In the next three quarters, the next three months will be a turning point for closer to the workforce in responding to a need. You are not responding to political needs. Youre responding to the Business Needs because that is where projects are. So what innovation is changing in terms of technology. Innovation is changing in terms of where it is then right now those are responsible to talk about. James, [inaudible] many, many businesses multidamaged. In the United States in the u. S. Partnership, what is your perception of the current status of u. S. India commercial relations and how do you see them evolving . How do you see them actually reaching for the potential because each one of these people do you think it has close to its potential facing nowhere near the potential. How does your company intends to expand at the same time . Thank you and thanks for the invitation to join the panel today. We dont spend that much time thinking about the politics of it, but we think much more about the Business Opportunity involved in both directions. You can see sort of our thinking just by the nature of the kind of transaction that you mentioned, a few of them. We are very open and have been quite successful with major u. S. Companies to jointly address indian market is particularly in recent years when we talk about starbucks, but we also have other International Aerospace and we have been quite impressed lately in terms of the potential lock key dealings. On the other side, coming into the United States, we were focused very much operating in north america for an i. T. Services and very much along the same line with similar kinds of work, but also manufacturing. We have steel plants could one in ohio, one in pennsylvania. We have a plan to write the street in maryland. We have significant r d and Technology Investments here in north america and i would say that is really one of the reasons i was very interested in joining the panel and that is really where we see the attraction in the united state. Major Auto Companies now have 100 people working on software and research and Innovation Center they built from scratch. 100 local employees come and maybe 12 people from the u. K. Who came over to start it. And that is they think indicative of the kind of act to the du are going to see where youre also partnering with universities because we see much cuttingedge research here at the u. S. Universities and we want to be closer to that cuttingedge, closer to where the work is going on. To do that, we need to send people here. We need to support the research and invest on research centers. Recently we read about investment at Carnegie Mellon to build a whole new center bear to look at self driving cars. Those are the kinds of exciting investments and are very fundamental to the group globally, but here in the United States. Ge, an American Icon as well in and businesses were Innovation Matters a lot, how do you see innovation in terms of your sword of envisioning of the u. S. India partnership . I say that as an important element in obviously india sees itself as growing in the other economies in the world but does not want to be a product just dumped on india. They see themselves as potential partners. I actually went to a facility, a ge facility which focused on innovation. And i was just wondering if you could share with us how much the innovation dr. Ambassador and thanks everybody for showing up today. She gets a mention as a 125 euros company. Our relationship with india has been in place for decades. I think since 2000 without some very construct of experiences to share to touch on the point you just mentioned and he mentioned a facility in bangalore, which is somewhat at the heart of our innovation in india. Ge is going in the industrial internet, over the last year in regards to trying to attack young smart i. T. Experts from the Silicon Valley area to move overseas to ige digital company. Part of a ge digital and our innovation pushed hinges centered on a facility we have bangalore. I was going to update one number you mentioned earlier, 21,000 employees so that trajectory since you last checked has even improved and gotten better. In bangalore we have a few thousand engineers, researchers, scientists working handinhand with their research and Development Programs than we have here in the u. S. Our facilities to john Welsh Technology center is probably one of her most modern and certainly our most integrated operations where we bring all the different six, seven, eight g businesses together to develop applications that will serve across the board or something we sometimes call the ge garage. In other words, way to Access Technology and apply it to another. In india, some of our results that tell the story that the ambassador just mentioned are simply we recently last year opened a new wind farm in india that is using wooden plates, turbine blade developed in bangalore. They were developed for the indian market, but there is markets all across the globe on every single continent right now. Technology, innovation, collaboration is not only serving the indian market. It is helping ge and political reach. In addition in bangalore alone weve had 3200 contributions for Patent Applications here in the United States. So, ge writ large benefit from the Human Resources company energy, the ideas come in the intellectual capacity and dynamism of bangalore and india, not only as we expand our reach around the world with 180 countries right now with customers, but we also are active, engaged, coming up with solutions for the indian market and customers. Quick question before we move on. 3200 applications in bangalore. What percentage is that of the applications. Thats a good question. I dont have a great time on it, but i can tell you the Health Care Products used in 70 countries around the globe we have a whole range of accessibility and low price products. The renewable getting into her Ge Transportation story. Oil and class solutions. Almost every single ge business, there are seven or eight of them have been put coming out of bangalore and out of further facilities in india. Its such a pleasure having you join us. A small joke has been made about the person who is supposed to produce aircraft a little later than others. But that was just a joke. Its looking strong for the foreseeable future. In fact, in todays prop and Prime Minister modi mentioned 200 aircraft. We project over the next 20 years, india will by more than 850 aircraft so we certainly see the future is being bright. From his perspective theother side of the equation is defense. The trade has gone from almost 0 to about 70 or 50 billion and knock on wood but we have provided pretty compelling functions starting with pa, 17, should not and apache helicopters under production and we look forward to further partnering with india as a framework has not been published under which we can perhaps one day make fighters ourselves so it hasnt built on a strong track record of success. On outsourcing from india . Again, we have quadrupled our sourcing from india in the last three years and if all stays on track, the total sources will cross almost 1 billion. So thats a significant trend. Again, its driven by not just making it in india, making it differently but it translates the strategy to the company but it also helps us become more competitive and thats why were doing it. The other part of the solution is innovation. We find lots of opportunities to find innovation in india and for the chinese we were talking about suddenly we are seeing that thats one of the reasons were focusing on working. And is there i can r d taking place in india . Absolutely, were building a significant r d presence in the country, galore. Some of our recent innovations, patents that have been started from there are cuttingedge. We dont want to get into the politics of this but lets say some people see a difficulty in having, everybodys upbeat at the political and strategic level but at the business level there are people that are seeing stories and articles that say Prime Minister modi wants to make india, once to do everything in the United States. That may cause a bit of a problem. But surely that is a winwin available here, what you think it must be as a winwin, lets go around with everyone, im a first. I do think there is certainly a rhetoric but i think at least in my day job i think theres work to be done and from a work to be done context, im extremely bullish on our ability to Work Together and our universe in the United States and i in my opening remarks, to give you an additional example, on august 1 will be inaugurating an absolutely modern nextgeneration what we call an experience center in north america. In mountain view, youre welcome to come and take a visit to the facility. I worked on that facility. And our response in terms of creating the stability is not about seeing lets make a new usa, it is about saying our needs are climbing and our clients are expecting not to be on the cutting edge in order for us to take them for that next generation. Our r d budgets are the same from our client standpoint. I talked to many clients at the office and theyre also scrambling for that investment within their own country and theyre seeing a partner who is willing to extend modernity in our part of england and for us thats a strategic investment. Its an investment thats a multimillion dollar investment we are making in order for them to take some of those technologies inhouse to showcase what is the art of the possible. We are investing to make our clients successful and thats an investment thats happening here. You should continue to make us see that Going Forward. Were about to launch a 400 billion in dallas texas, specifically to address the means in north america we will be working with our friends there, there are lots of Cyber Security needs. Theres a lot of Energy Technologies and i dont want to go to deep into the weeds but these are technologies that are known to be at the cutting edge and they want to bring it and that innovation is happening here in the United States. I think the way i would answer it is that we need more trade, not less trade. We see most of our Companies Involved in very deeply in globals, we export from india and the us and many third countries. We need a kind of a predictable open trading system where we can continue to do that because products are getting more complicated, not that complicated. Its notpossible to always make the entire , you can see it from some of the joint ventures weve already talked about. Its not practical, its not feasible to make everything in one country. And weve already run into this in terms of some of the discussions about nafta, tracking things that go back and forth through the border to mexico in the process of getting made in six or seven times. The same thing is true globally. And particularly when theyre not, when theyre relatively easy to transport. So i think that our interest is continuing to see that system be strengthened. And i think thats possible and both countries can see that that expanding trade in the two countries is really where the relationship has to go. Danny obrien, do yousee a challenge in , those other jobs being created, there will always be some politician who will end up and say theres not enough jobs being created in india for this partnership, somebody in america will say the jobs abroad, but very frankly there are things that we see in the Global Supply chains are reality and it makes everybody kind of benefits, even if in a microsense they might not be in that aspect. Absolutely, i think everybody whos gathered here today is wanting to talk about india, the us merchant relationship beyond the top headlines. Lets drill down a little bit and do some hard thinking about what this relationship relies on and as i mentioned earlier, i shared the story of our jack welch Technology Center in bangalore, the patent intellectual contribution that we received on helps incredibly in terms of that letter benefits to ge, ge is a pro company with and about 180 companies, half of our revenues come from abroad. Still we as he said we embraced free trade and see the benefits playing out every day in communities across the country. The relationship specifically to india, the Technology Contributions can come from farms, they can come from manufacturing side. Ge transportation or rail business area. We just now are delivering the process of delivering 100 locomotives to Indian Railways. Localization is the key word here more so than outsourcing. Localization is something where ge is required by making in india but also in by a philosophy of wanting to get close to our customers, and Indian Railways , its this massive tremendous industrial transportation infrastructure company, there is no way in 2017, 2018 ge could presume to meet Indian Railways needs, by producing and renaming isolated or somewhat related in a silo here in the us. We have to be close to our customers, theres too much competition and products out there. Theres too much my expectation understandably and necessarily. We need to be wedded to with our customers so weve got to go local and we got to stay close to our customers and that plays in both directions. Understand, 100 locomotives. Youve done the number of locomotives, we make generally, how much is that heres where we go, 100 locomotives being manufactured out of the United States is the first wave of this initiative. We have a commitment to make 1000. Pennsylvania. Thats correct. I know something about these locomotives and remember they were the big thing about our standby. Racks, so 1000 locomotives in total over the next 10 years is ges commitment to Indian Railways, Indian Railways is a partner. Solots of synergy. Theres a lot of locomotives in effect. 1000 locomotives is a lot of locomotives. The biggest deal that ge sign in recent history. It took these three questions. I was going to get there but i needed to drag this out a little bit. But theres a bit of a get that ge has had on the constitution there. Now that im being taken, 2. 3 billion deal ge signed a year and a half ago with Indian Railways, a joint venture to deliver thousand locomotives. I understand they know this deal very well because you work on it in a different capacity in the past but we are committed to delivering 1000 100 99 states and then theres a progressive localization schedule as it moves forward. As you talk about that potential conflict or the tension between localization, making in india versus the us, the reality is technology, all the components as you move toward increased localization in india, still eliminates in erie pennsylvania or grove city pennsylvania comes out of our recent Development Operations in upper state new york or the combined research and development between new york and bangalore. And the fact that the indians are buyingthose locomotives , that keeps them in business which there would be because it would be manufacturing trying to get into the us. So thats an important. At an important part. The aviation sector, challenges, difficulties. And there are many interests, and how do you see that in any other effect . There are no more challenges in the section, i would say that as we said before, a tremendous growth venture. From a made in india perspective, we dont see it as a zerosum game. It expanding the pie just as you look for an example, you know, the pie is going back tremendously. But submitting these jobs here and it helps create jobs in india. Its positive thinking. And jobs are going to be created here, thats india and seattle or st. Louis or mesa or philadelphia where our products are. The second part of the equation is the reality is this is a competitive world. If we dont make the product, somebody else will. There are a lot of peoples jobs in the us that are significantto say , i agree with russia or france would be going to the discipline. I think the reality of this is that the growing demand Going Forward in india create opportunities in the us. So the rising tide floats all boats. Job creation and automation, there are some people who worry about attrition but we are in a state. In each one of the sectors, how do you see that playing out, innovation and how does that lead to automation or some level of automation that that affects job creation or does that just alter the nature of the job. Is that new kind of job is created , its a question on retraining people and getting them to have different kinds of states. So that again, thats a different number. I think this is a topic that we deal with almost on a daily basis and i think there are two caveats here. One is automation of zero to expand. I think if i were saying are you still wanting to call your cat using a car and pick up and i won 800 tollfree number, you will always say what are you talking about . Is there anybody who says that is bad because they have a moral objection to using the ridesharing . That that is an availability on your iphone . Okay, thats interesting. You probably dont take that many cabs as some of us who cant get it but i like to hear your perspective in a bit. But automation as i said is not a zerosum game. There are fixed players, people using those services, weve seen waves, when i was learning to build it was symbolic with mainframes and people said all my god, mainframes are the recipient, was going to happen to this other technology and client came and said how are you going to rain in all the mainframeguys . You are shocking tons of people. And then we had this technology and then you have ecommerce and then you have digitals. The way that happened and it has less to do with the future, it has led to expanding the pie, led to expanding of the industry and it has made things easier in terms of ordering, expanding, delivering and producing. And ai is just a component of that right now. Ai being artificial intelligence. There is some brain there in terms of trying to fill needs, it, there are people in neuroscience needed, there are innovations happening at the high schoollevel that i will list here, a High School Fair in Silicon Valley and its amazing whats happening out there but the point is , i think ai is here to stay. There are some jobs that will getdisrupted , there are many other jobs that will get created but thats part of the way weve all lived together and i think it will as i said in the piece, theres no better time than now. To be excited about technology and some of this you seeing in terms of hiding or the training that they are marching in north america and theres challenges that you are going to see in terms of having that space and the industrialized nation. In india and the United States, part of that innovation is planning for the future. Thats the biggest part of our clients. Also remain very optimistic about the ability of technology to transform the future in ways that we can predict and its going to be on on balance positive but you have to acknowledge that theres a mismatch between some of the skills that we have both in the us and some of the jobs. That will become available that are going to expand because of all the technology. This is a clear focus on us both in india in terms of scaling the needs and even in the United States in terms of investments by Companies Like tcs and Stem Education and really trying to partner on scale with different Companies Like discovery who influenced the stem skills in Public Schools and training teachers and how do we change the way thinking is going on in terms of quantitative skill because i think while there will be whats needed are people that can think and think creatively, and that creative element is where we need to focus our education because the routine tasks will become automated and we dont need some of the programming that was done by hundreds of people in tcs doesnt need to be done by as many people now because some of the basic stuff can be automated so were moving up the food chain in terms of do the people need . Well, they need cuttingedge School Skills and ai and other areas that didnt exist 10 years ago so thats where the investment needs to be. If we continue to make those investments, we will be in better shape. Similar comments, high skilled workers are key to ge and in large part a sector of the workforce that we can almost fully adequately addressed here from the us workforce so i hate talking about automation and workforce, sometimes it sounds a little academic and coming up with the right solutions for the right transitions to new economies and inevitable change and it is inevitable so ge is a company that has avery strong focus on stem. Stem programs in Public Schools and around the United States and the bottom line is, we need high skilled workers. Yes, there is some of that that is eliminating manufacturing jobs, possibly here in the us but at the same time we see new jobs being replaced and we see them as high paid good ge jobs around which communities can develop andbuild. I have the same sentiments, i think as we look for the future of aviation, autonomy is going to be a factor. Automation is going to be there. Does it take jobs away, not necessarily as you say but youve got to have a next generation of artificial intelligence, machine learning. Trying to support that and we have to evolve. So my final question before i defer to the floor. My Prime Minister modi, President Trump meeting, everybody is talking about whats going to be the big link of the process of creating the defining partnership for the 21st century. Each one of you gets a few minutes just before they decide on a Bilateral Agreement on what the framework of this relationship moving forward. And knew of course our economy people so you have to advance the interests of your company as much as anything else. Youre not in the business i am in which is always talking about big picture stuff and not having to get into the nittygritty so you have to Say Something that is relevant to what your business interests are, your companys interests are. What would be your art of Prime Minister modi and President Trump as the us and india contemplates a longerterm partnership. . Lets start it from the other end. I would say the first thing is convergence which weve seen and heard today. Thats the foundation for everything that can be done realizing the full potential of the partnership that convergence has to translate in terms of you know, our indian sites having to work, to continue working towards improving inbusiness , what has been done in gst for example, but its a work which is still in progress. So my answer to Prime Minister modi would be keep at it. 109 people, maybe thats something. And hes top 50 if not top 10, thats a problem. And my art from President Trump would be this is gone from a zerosum game. Is a winwin opportunity, if you grow this by winning for america. Similar, i would say from Prime Minister modi. You guys agree too much, thats not a good sign. A lot of good ideas coming out here. So from Prime Minister modi i would say we certainly recognize his commitment to modernizing indians infrastructure and from a ge perspective obviously we see lots of opportunities there. Across many Different Industries and we think its good for business, we think its good for india, indians, the economy, the environment, we see a lot of positive ways that we think we can Bring Solutions to improving life in india and leveraging the tremendous assets india has india offers our country. And in terms of President Trump i think it is, it would be a suggestion to remain open to free trade and looked deep into the advantages that are generated in this Global Economy on both sides of the board. Since the panel is on innovation im going to end on an innovation note which is both countries are blessed with worldclass education. And my personal view is that we will see innovation coming out of these education institutions that can help transform the industries that we are in in terms of agriculture, health, wellbeing, energy, Brandnew Industries that are really going to transform the way our companies, i know many other companies as well but what more can we do to expand the opportunity for exchanges between these universities, investments in research, going in both directions. Because these really are the engines driving it. I think again, i Given Information Technology hat. From Prime Minister modis vantage point, seeing that the government can do a lot in terms of infrastructure and manifest itself into economies and from your time, i think putting a lot of emphasis onthat , i think that thats going to be a task of many of us. As far as President Trump is concerned, i think i would probably say that Information Technology and the collaboration is actually one of the brightest spots going on. This is an area where i think both countries have done tremendously but i think theres an area to focus on and that let things work in spite of how Everything Else has gone in the past and i think this is one area where i think the beautiful collaborations are actually been fantastic. The government i would say is really dramatically increasing in the new generation of Stem Research and i think this is, theres a lot of debate in terms of this topic. I think the action is now and i think if those skills are existing, thats part of our positioning as a country. And i think that says its smart to be investing in north america in the United States. I was in china way back in 1980, everybody still went around on a bicycle. Thats how they come in 27 years so a country with 1 billion people modernizing can create many opportunities for everyone, double digits. Economic growth and basically that in fact right now, india and china are the two partners in the economies of the world and india could overtake at least the eighth of global aspects in a short time if its the environmental changes that you talk about materialize. First, we need to take questions from you all. Comments, not so much but if you can make it make it short comments, you are welcome. I will be brought down to you after you raise your hand and ill identify you. So those who want to ask questions, of the panel or make comments, right there. And please speak into the mic because at least your sound can be on the tape if not your usual, thank you. Dave roman, interesting mediation in technology and education. The question is can you give us more of an idea on how you recommend we go about forming thesecollaborations and schools , how we communities can do their part to set up and partner with ease. Once who wants to take that question . James . Was it to me. Whoever wants to answer. Let me go for that one too. And from a startup, today, i think the world is a another rally and it might just go to replicate the ecosystem that makes it impossible. Its so unique and it has so much dynamism toward it, its unbelievable but having said that, there are phenomenal collaborations with startups because there are emerging. And i saw it in evidence in boston, a fantastic investments, and there are fantastic situations happening in new york along what i call spring. Passing in the spring in collaboration between boston and companies on biotech so i think the next innovation of a double footprint in collaboration is going to be on those and picking teams for that level i think is a great idea because otherwise theres a lack of focus and this is something that we are creating our clients to do and our policy systems in the us right now. Did you want to Say Something . Its an interest in aviation and education in that front. The real and clear present opportunities, especially in india where they are acquiring about 100 aircraft a year and they dont have enough trained engineers. They dont have enough trade partners and crew so you know, we have to figure out a way topartner their. I think thats the way to forge a partnership with the local opportunities. From the ge perspective, the individual companies have their own programs as related to stem. Employees actually spend time in the local schools working with students through some of the curriculum, etc. And theres financial opportunities as well. We have folks trying to bring women into the traditional learning environment. Mike nelson, i represent cloud where in washington, a startup from san francisco. Were direct security and we have three data centers in india. I was one of the hundred elsewhere. Im very glad Cyber Security is an issue and im more glad that the use of doing business for the inability to do business in india was sufficient because in our area, weve seen very contradictory messages coming out of the Telecommunications Regulatory authority of india area ive been working in this area for 20 years and ive seen documents where in one paragraph it says thing that sounds like why pro, let the market move aside, let everything thats happened in two paragraphs later it says this is so important, the cloud, the internet of things. We must plan it, regulate it and control it. The document in self is inconsistent so the question perhaps or Mister Obrien or anyone else who wants to comment, how do you suggest a startup either in indian startup or an american startup trying to go into india , makes sense in this very inconsistent on even Regulatory Environment. I dont want to put you on the spot here but i bet you have a lot more perspective than i do but i would say our recent ge experience with our rail endeavors has been one where with Prime Minister modis buyin we prepared for the whole regulatory process of building a manufacturing facility in the state of vr, my colleagues prepared for unending headaches as it related to getting through the heart of. We regulated 47 key regulatory debts, we had to go through. To be honest to this day i havent been called on one of them. I think thanks to Prime Minister modis commitment to creating working with the State Government and sort of a onestop shop on the regulatory side which is been very beneficial but thatsthe perspective of very Large Companies. What i get from that is identify what the regulatory hurdles are like. Identify the seven, i find these linguist contradictions concern, thats a different. Sometimes its just americans wanting everything to be set in the way there used to and thats not the case. The complex is your saying but even if there are, think what the complex thing is an negotiated based on that. One thing i have consistency on his building because they arealso a work in progress. Especially in fastmoving spaces like Cyber Security. Nobody really knows what the relationship should be and theres a lot of movement going on so if you discovered it, talk to them. When we have seen that you bring forward a cogent argument to modern thinking of this view, you will see it harmonized. Theres no validity on your satisfaction all the time, and please understand the senior most democrat whos been here, probably never typed in his life because he had somebody who used the take dictation and shorthand when you started out. I started out as a journalist and i did it on a small, portable computer so i had to take myself all the way to be to come to where i am. Among the democracy, therefore none of these things are new and some of the questions youre seeing that have been added on by having said remarking thats coming from the younger person and hey, lets qualify this coming from the older person in the bureaucracy but once you can actually sit people down and pointed out without being dismissive, usually they do business. The Bigger Companies doing a little more methodically from my experience because they can put their resources, the smaller ones do it much more quickly and they can somehow create collaboration to try and, dealing with the Regulatory Environment is not just money, you guys can pull together and sort of try and get the regulations worked around and figure that out. Because the intention is quite clearly what the focus is, they really do want to open but you must understand that that is not what the bureaucracy was brought up like. So the instinct is always be protective and this is something i Tell International companies all the time, remember , the convenience of modern india. Which came to create integral with the con country so therefore there is a reluctance, if you understand that you can deal with the psychology a lot better and then you can say, then you can do business and be very successful, thats my two cents worth. Let me give a more tactical answer to that. You have the venture spot where we invest in a whole bunch of startups and we are very actively investing in Cyber Security companies in the us to do business globally. They are rain checks in Silicon Valley who invest in several Cyber Security firms and their defining question is you also have exposure to india and they will not invest and that means having market essential is for them. And a lot of these people also, sometimes theyre going to have to be your headache. There are in terms of the funds that theyre figuring out to make it more easy. And if you can write away sometime later i can tell you how. Thank you, steve landy mentions trade, and i think you compensate the indians tax, the indian taxi drivers and 500,000 in new york to try to drive the case. And you introduced some affair and similar regulations to tax a new business, we should go a little bit further with. I do a lot of work in trade policy. I love and the love and friendship that you see here does not exist in trade policies between the us and india. In fact, the wto has stopped work since 2007 because of the disagreement between india and the us in terms of traditional trade issues, which is very much a shame because this disagreement is preventing the wto from working on the new issues you were discussing. My question, or maybe its a point, im not sure is i know to a lot of trade policy meetings, private sector and National Association of manufacturing chambers, your companies are representing many American Companies but you never know anything about india. You guys are talking about trade policy. The same thing happens with the federation of indian industries, i do some work cuts in india. People who know the trade policy are not the same people will are really in these Close Relationships between you and india, between the us and india. Can you guys address these issues but i really want to break the impasse in wto so we can move into the very issues yourediscussing, thank you very much area. I want you to because youre the expert on everything, including huber. Im not an expert on wto et al. And our industry, we dont see trade values as solar, right now. Of course, its unnecessary on both sides and is really a shining brought by, thats all i will say but wto is not a right subject. Your point is well taken, i think that as people negotiate, they often tend to be people who are not necessarily the ones who actually have firsthand experience of the business but thats the nature of all things that are an attempt to try to regulate. The regulators are not always the people who are actually running businesses so theres room for a new strategy for both sides to discuss state policy in context in which we realize the experience of people who actually do trade, what do they need . How does that work . Then we demonstrate the other way around. A few questions on the side, we had come to the side at all so its due here first, first question. Thank you, im highly coupled up, i teach here in the United States on Public Policy. I agree with some of the earlier statements, there is along way to go before the partnership in the 21st. And what are the main reasons for the cultural differences between the two sites . The cultural differences between two sites but also the reasons how canthat be fixed . Because in the us, the in the presence of the indian diaspora, that comes into play significantly but theres more american diaspora in india has emerged which would aid that process because once americans have lived in india, worked in india and in the embassies or in operations like these, then they come back and they are much better understanding. Can this be one of the conditions which is later on the process or one of the other aspects. A better and more and a deeper understanding of similar interest to the point where it becomes the defining partnership. Thank you. Heres a ge antidote. Two weeks ago if you caught the news, ge announced our current president and ceo is retiring, somebody whos visited india many times and is one of the day from owners of the us in india in ge relationship there. In the announcement of just retirement, there was reference to the president and ceo by the name of John Flannery coming in from the healthcare business and jeff and theyll explicitly recognize mister flannerys experience in india and in other countries as helping him tremendously in improving his offering as a top leader in the company and part of his progression towards president and ceo so from an perspective, point is well taken and its playing out as we move toward a new chairman and ceo of ge who has deep experience and had very formative ties in his career in india. My name is bob johnny and im president of National Aerospace r d company. My question might go to stephen. This is about face actually, there was the administration, the bush administration, there was much of ministration between the United States and india, i know that the administrator of nasa has been there a few times and the standard has kind of declined. And now, with the interests president from past and also Vice President pens as in space and stuff, with their not be a good time to have more cooperation between the two countries . That question number one and related to that is, theres an interest now in space x being an example here in this country so with their be a sort of collaboration between these companies, these two companies also in the two countries. Thank you for that question. I think the collaboration is one of the equal potentials that needs to be addressed. As you know, we were on the entities list for a long time and since then there has been a concerted effort to collaborate of course on the indian space mission, both for the mars mission and one mission. The local collaboration with nasa that happened and given even recently, just a few months ago indialost a fourth satellite , one of them were from an american company, a startup in Silicon Valley so that also has opened up the door for commercial launches. I think its the part of a new phase of cooperation between the two countries. And i think the new thing in the mix is the private on top of aerospace area. So with the advent of space x and blue virgin and a couple of others based out of , the destructive cost that india brings. Has become insightful and its really going beyond just that, it into a Startup Ecosystem which is starting in india. Theres a small team of very young, bright individuals trying to put aircraft on the moon. And privately funded, and i had the good fortune to visit them a couple of times and they all make a difference. I think youre exactly right, we have an Inflection Point where we cannot only see cooperation but cooperation on the. This sort of the indian space center, the gentleman in the middle. Then we come back to the right side. Feeding into that discussion there, to sort of emerging concepts ineducation , that i love to have an integral reaction from the panel, one of course is the new focus here in the United States on the Apprenticeship Program , which is becoming familiar all over the world, what is the take on that concept regarding innovation . The other is movies, i know the far east is probably ahead of the United States on the use of the ability to affect the innovation side as well as general education, just on the evolution of those two concepts, between the us and how to manage that health. Lets go but i think that apprenticeship is fundamental, especially as you look at the job between skills required and skills available. Cruise ship is the one bridge , ill give an example of that. The aircraft we did in eugenics, india has a and d schools, they graduate 7000 amd engineers. And we looked at a lot in the last three years, only three of them were typewritten. 7000 graduates, one were qualified, big gap. The gap can be covered through friendship so we are actually working with the innovation and the airlines to create a finishing school. And create an Apprenticeship Program to close the gap, very important. Second part of the question on move, the new technology, the internet has democratized. This is available to everyone, we just saw a story about a young kid in india , taking the open courses from mit and doing wonderfully well on that right now. So the whole context has become more available. That is the way to drive that down to unpalatable parts of the country. Its a big change happening, last two questions right here. Good afternoon, my name is william kyle lewis, i Study International education policy at the American University in dc and were looking at about 900 2 billion in Education System programming. Here in the United States and it will directly affect the state programs that you all mentioned in areas of math and science and engineering and Computer Science and what my professors are saying is that once our students are graduating with these highlevel degrees, around the world there not being as respected as they once were although they spent all these years in school, many countries india dont really respect the American Scholars with this expertise that what is whats happening to our Education System so what advice do you have for students and in comparison to the expectations of india withthe United States where improvement could be made . Anyone . Without trying to disrespect your professors, i dont think the situation is that alarming as all that. I think the Education System we are hiring here, i think we are verging on a lot of educational standards and systems in north america now , what one should be alarmed about is whether youre getting trained in these systems and thats a big aspect in the system and society you need to worry about. Ask the chancellor in india and directly leave it to their officer on a regular basis because theyre also on one of the biggest campus recruiters in india. We see that happening in the us as well where we actually are what we call our Apprenticeship Program where we hire from colleges but theyre not ready yet deployed in the technologies , so we learn through six months of courses where we get them ready. We also run a very large global loop program because there are 60,000 people employed worldwide and we train them through certified courses where we are often doing exam courses. If anything about what am i getting trained in and most of us are saying the United States, will be we be competent at all in education. I think that worry is misplaced. That is exaggerated. I would add i think the days of expecting that you go to a fouryear college, graduate and that the end of your education and training for the rest of your life are long gone. What you can hope for is your getting trained in the skills that will allow you to continue to educate yourself and train yourself in whatever is coming in the next 20 years. Thats really what you hope youre getting out of that. That your getting. Skills that will help you stay at the cutting edge and stay able to learn and be inquisitive and develop over the next decade. Most of it is spending so therefore what you learn is a day all the time, thats whats really going on. Thank you. My name is veronica, and i have to take a poll to ask indiasstrategic Security Corporation , and my chair political region is in the indo pacific. So i at first its a group here, also that the carnegie india, we make sure that these proper so much with the security in the pacific region. And im exercising nuclear policy. The reason im here, i would also give one time and one question. Comment is i would like to improve how important it is approaching the indo Pacific Island expressly in indonesia that it is a very sensitive straightline, straight area that is vulnerable for any destroyer to get into the indian ocean. But therefore, i would like to ask questions, what is your plan or expansion for the Indo Pacific Region because it is a strategic approach and support their cooperation for military acts of exercise as well as maritime exercises in the indonesian war as well as the indian ocean. So i hope from ge and boeing and other, and a fourth thing, technology or education, many things to support this securities stitches strategic cooperation. It could be helpful, thank you. I would say this one thing, the conversions on that need. Us and india have been working very closely on that and history on our point of that cooperation is maritimes, indian navy, they acquired around the sametime. Thats never happened. And its giving them capability from almost 2 demonstrate and providing security, thats just an important part of that security cooperation. And i think as you see more discussions for different trade and technology issues, which is started by former secretary carter, its largely kind of focused around people insecurity. So youre exactly right, thats something youve got to watch carefully and we are building on a pretty Successful Program in india. And the announcement of the sale of the defender drone, thats also part of the Maritime Security strategy so that is part of the overall strategic outcome. And first as we close i would like to invite the confederation of Indian Industry to speak and thanked everyone on our behalf and thank you all very much for being so such an interesting panel. I hope that everybody in the audience as learned as much as i have learned from this discussion. Thank you so much ambassador, on behalf of the confederation of the industry i wanted to thank ourpartners , the hossein institute for working with us on todays program and the president as well to take the time to be with us here today. Again, a special thanks to ambassador have gone, we rely on you to conduct these sessions in a silver manner but always with a touch of humor. Also a big thanks to our friend andy hobson institute, always working very hard for us to work with. Also, of course huge thanks to our distinguished panelists, we appreciate you taking the time to be with us. I knowsome of you have flown in from , many are from india, or im from california, we appreciate all of your insightful comments today. Are designing the program, we wanted to get to the twoway nature of us india trade investment and job creation story and i hope thats what these, i think weve got that message across. Im looking forward to a very productive conversation which we Prime Minister modi and president talk today and on the Prime Minister modis visit, he did write an oped in the wall street journal and did talk about the conversions of interests and values between our two countries, two very important words there. He mentioned the combination of technology, innovation and skilled workforce, really what is going to drive the us and the partnership and i think that really is at the heart of our relationship and something we are really hoping trunk and he can work on much more so thank you again for all of you for being here today. Thank you all very much. [applause]. [inaudible conversation] the u. S. Senate consent to such network p. M. Eastern today. And its expected to take up the nomination of christine said nikki to be a member of the Nuclear Regulatory commission. Shes been on the commission since 2000 President Trump appointed her for another term. With term. Send expected about on our confirmation at 5 30 eastern. You are invited to watch it here live on cspan2. Big item on the Senate Agenda this week for this week versus the republican bill to replace the Affordable Care act. Senators waiting for the estimate from the Congressional Budget Office and the financial cost of the proposal in an estimate of how many people of this coverage of the bill. The senate expected to debate the bill this week. Senate Republican Leaders have said they prefer final passage vote on legislation before senators depart for the fourth of july recess at the end of the week. You will see of course able to watch it live on cspan2. Also online at cspan. Org and you can listen on the cspan radio app. Sydney is from the Supreme Court today. The Associated Press reporting the high court in the mind and of President Trump and on travel from six mostly muslim countries to take effect. The justices will hear faux arguments in the dover case. Actually the case in over the report will allow the travel ban to stay in effect except for people with the relationship of the person or entity in the United States. The court also decided today that churches in the same right as nonreligious charitable groups to seek state money for playground. The press reporting a vote and sided with Trinity Lutheran church of Columbia University which is not taxpayer money to renovate its playground. [inaudible conversations] money for the childrens health