As they move into the middle class, they adopt middleclass values and he is really upset. In the late 1950s you see them writing in his journal more and more inviting letters saying community, the way this is going, this is just not going in the direction that i want. He really believed that it was important to empower people and for them to not have a sense of dignity and to not live in poverty and to be comfortable but not to forget where they came from and to help people who are still living in poverty and to help the cause. And that is a lot of the reason why he leaves the cso and starts out on his own to organize farmworkers, but a think that really strong feeling that ive empowered of these people and now theyre using that power becomes very significant later on when you tried to understand some of the decisions that he made and the degree to which he wanted to maintain control because he never wanted to be in that situation again. He talks about that quite a lot. So later on, the cso which is a membership organization. Once hes running a labor union, a lot of people support labor unions because they want to make more money and they want better conditions, and not everyone joins a labor union because they believe in he felt very strongly that you needed to educate workers in order to share this philosophy that he had, that was a very, became a tough issue. His portrait beautifully captures the complexity of the relationships between the writers to have the post a civil war west coast and provides the perfect medium for the development. The bohemians is the piece of rich history that underlines many different threads both of the writers in this city that helped to host their exploits. He is author of another book the counterfeiters paradise published by Penguin Press and his writing also appeared in a separate cisco chronicle and it is the delight and a private one dash up pleasure to have him with us. [applause] thank you for that introduction and for coming out tonight for my have a little bit of the flu if i get warm or if life throat gets froggy. When mark twain was year wrote to of very funny sketch how to cure a cold one of the recommended cures was to rub, mustered all over the naked chest i ask you to do that. [laughter] mark twain is at the center of the story and one of the things theyre really loved about this project is a gave me access to the under known that part of mark twains life. We think of the man in the white suit with the white hair on the cigar but thats is part of his last decade with his best work behind him. But the tweet of might story is of 20s and 30s he did not conceal his extreme emotions under the grandfather for a side he is vindictive, angry, vindictive, angry, vengeful, competitive and filled with anxiety about monday and fear for the future and convinced he will end up in the poorhouse and surrounded by these other young writers in San Francisco fed embolden him to literary richard a. San francisco was a great place to be. There is no fighting with the stand the draft is not applied west of iowa and kansas you can wait out of more. With the commercial center of the far west and is sustained the class of professional writers including twain. It is also very urban that is by far the biggest city west of st. Louis and that population is very cosmopolitan. Chinese, europeans from all Different Countries countries, america, australi a, and david. A conducive to the literary scene is isolation it is hard to reach from the eastern United States that gives a buffer to the culture with that spirit that guides the rest of the bohemians. And then to the four characters we will be introduced. The civil war began with an outburst of patriotic feeling all bullseyes with the belief of few battles with relief when dash me as swift victory in the with the death of 750,000 soldiers in the nation shaken. The wise men found themselves in equal to the crisis. The great military leaders of the past like general scott both born in the previous century went into forced retirement while younker and modern mines like grant and Abraham Lincoln rose to the challenge. The civil war unrewarded radically new thinking and brought on a century later that made an older generation and a obsoletes to demand novelty of experimentation. The 1860s was bloody in a bewildering and if you managed to survive magnificent time to be a young american. If the mayor couple want to the young than the future of the day and the young displace of america, the far west the pioneers to settle for overwhelmingly young and untethered without the benefit of the council. If he can menses post adolescent access id like any that is those of the children of all pioneers the vanguard of democracy. When he looked wes he did not see a place but an idea writed in a mystical tradition. He and his disciples believed American Civilization would march inevitably to the pacific and the continents limitless supply by be settled by cuban farmers who embodied the egalitarian spirit of course, the reality was more complicated. It contains lead and then resisted cultivation and indians resisted extermination. As the light of settlements inched forward past the mississippi them a the rockies said jeffersonian dream empire of liberty began to look like prophecy. Even throat when departed for a daily walk help to go in a westerly direction. The future is that way and the earth seems more exhausted not quite as exhaust on that side mark twain reached adulthood at the best possible time as the country embarked the most extraordinary period of change in history he was a westerner by birth raised on the misery frontier and the outbreak of the civil war forced him west as he fled the fighting in his native state. There he found another frontier and a social experiment but unlike any in the country. The discovery gold of california had a swift influx of people as the gateway to the gold rush went from a backwater to a seaport most were young single men but they came to get rich and get out. Makeshift structures that make easy kindling and built saloons and brothels and lived among the of cultures often condensed into us civil street. By the time twain got there is a francisco was urban but yet unmistakably western isolated cosmopolitan and crude and culture. It craved a spectacle weather of the stages or the pageantry of the streets. The wideopen atmosphere and tear. To the old and the young. And acute sense of its own history and the appetite for myth making. Even as the gold rush wayne d. And the shanties became banks it would settle into of slower rhythm like the opening of a new frontier nevada and idaho and leap from one to the next. Citizen spent lavishly on and oysters and imported fashions in furnishings drink seven bottles of champagne. Long after they kept the spirit of the city alive. They also sustained a thriving publishing culture. California was crawling with distributors the first generation wrote the story of the gold rush themselves in letters and diaries in the pages of the newspaper they started. Of Printing Press gave out periodicals sjamboks weaving the boredom of the frontier. By the 1860s the city had spawned a litter see a band of outsiders call public fenians. Twain joined them to shape the entire current of his life. The first time he comes to San Francisco in the spring of 1863 he has been living in Virginia City and nevada at the time working and as the journalists. The reason he comes west is to avoid the civil war when it breaks out working on the mississippi is the steamboat pilot. He is out of a job and the other problem is you have a draft agents going doortodoor to press young men into service and he has an opportunity when his brother is appointed secretary so the two of them sam clemens as he was known and his brother or right and got in a stagecoach and wet wes. In the spring of 8063 he visits San Francisco for the first time for it is the place to spend money if you have it. He comes to the big city am looking for a good time. What people remembered best aside from his red hair was the strange way of speaking like falling branches on the surface. Printers transcribed with hyphens and a dash trying to find a rhythm so complex it could have been a sheet of music. Soared in the tender and inherited from the slave songs of his childhood. He made people laugh wellbeing serious than a mixed the sincere in of the factual and fictitious in proportions to obscure even for his closest friends. He was irreverent and vindictive has the American West and prose to seismic outbursts. He was Samuel Clemens before mark twain and in the spring of 1863 he made the decision. On may 2nd he boarded a stagecoach bound for San Francisco. The trip from nevada city promise more than 200 miles of terrain. To corkscrew through the sierras and just so thick it cover the skin. Using it to deter him he piloted of berry as a solo or begin to take the Overland Route in nevada or as they named after a local indian tribe now the only metropolis of the far west and Services Bill was paradise. The grander and festivity he gorged himself with abandon and drink champagne modeled on the obeying all. He too were the pleasure gardens on the oscars of town he met to of a pretty girl and he rode to the beach and put his toes in the pacific on the far side of the continent he felt the country passed in this but the nonstop by terry of socializing kept him too busy to bear the thought of living when dash leaving he wrote his mother and sister to say he would remain another two weeks and then another letter announced he was dylan San Francisco and switch lodgings and showed no side is signs to slow his pace. He said it had many after dark amusements with the atolls and gambling dens and shows a you rarely returned home before by. Never at a loss for companionship and with the city of 115,000 residents the main thoroughfare of montgomery street where crowds in carriages would swarm reminded him of his home town. But still he had not left and going back to prison in july he finally said farewell. He had been away from nevada for two months. Even on the dry side of the sierra it being greeted his mind. But then we find many reasons to return to prison than live banned chronicle the quirks and hurt the feelings of not a few of the citizens and then to inspire evolution into a Great American writer from Samuel Clemens into mark twain. Then he decides to move there permanently in the spring of 1864. When he does he comes into contact with the citys leading figure and they will form a complicated lovehate relationship that would continue beyond San Francisco. Brett hart liked to be looked at. He might be seen in this stylish and overcoat brian by a flash of color the necktie that sets him apart every fabric of the young mens output would be arranged on montgomery street he flitted through the foliage. As your eyes meet his u. S. Mile if you spoke a few words in greeting it would be agreeable but there is no yarn or risk splitting to remind one of those wild man mark twain. He preferred to be admired from afar. There is much too wiedmaier provide 26 heart was the Leading Light of the Pacific Coast no small feat in the state where the shaggy list minor would aspire and a poet was a pop star with public gatherings. He had powerful friends end up powerful reputation but with drunken romps they settled on more domestic concerns like to hell to keep the baby from disturbing the study or the wife into putting him into household chores he could have a couple of hours to right. This bus hess seem like a dog choice he did not wield an ax or a roof over even with the pioneer and he hated sentimentalist and hypocrites that california had all three an event abundance. He saw a decline rather saw progress. A few things escaped that touch as his friend leader of serve to if he often felt the solution to this was because he saw the True Potential and death for trinity with european settles trillions living free from precedent from the far edge of the world. Here was the real genuine america of world of literary possibility beyond love wildest imaginings of high culture and possibly the seeds of a new national literature. The next character is Charles Stoddard who is a very shy young man and in 1862 republishes his first poem in the golden era that is the citys most prestigious paper at the time he had been saying at the time he would have seen him pacing back and forth in front of the office with the antelope in a cold sweat waiting until everyone cleared off then finally would push the envelope through the slot then run away after spending hours to build up the courage and sure enough it appears in the next edition of the golden era and he starts to write more and he becomes connected with this scene. So here is stoddard. Of the shop on montgomery street sold religious books and bibles. He did not care which for cleanliness but the monotony of the motion made easier for his mind to wander. As he sank deeper that the other tester in his hand became a palm tree. He wont for the topics while crossing nicaragua on his way to california and he remembered the taste of the largest in the mist that sprayed. And those against the relentless greed of the juggle. Also the natives that adorned their naked bodies with necklaces. One day californias most famous preacher appeared in the or