and policies to guarantee the safety and security of the american people. i sort of see this okay, here's the problem, this is what we're going to do about it, and then we did it. the notion that, of change mainly came to the focus in my own mind as i say, i thought before about this problem of 9/11 style attack, terrorist attack with deadly weapons, something other than box cutters and airline tickets. but the events of 9/11 really brought that home. and i think it, it heightened my concern, would be a fair way to put it, about the potentially devastating consequences. we had anthrax attacks at the same time. turned out those were probably domestically initiated. and we had, one that i've ever been added there up in new york a month after 9/11, and as we landed that day to go down to the waldorf where i was a guest speaker for the evening, received word that there had been a botched attack at the white house. one detector had gone off suggesting the president and i and others have been attacked with botulism. we did know what it was false or not. it turned out to be a false reading, fortunately. so, you know, there was a level of heightened concern in the immediate aftermath of 9/11 that we had to do with. like on 9/11 you get a report that there are six planes hijacked, turns out there were only four. that was enough. report that there was a car bomb at the state department. turned out there was no car bomb at the state department. turned out there was a report of a plane that had gone down on the ohio-west virginia border. know, that was america's 77 that simply dropped off the radar and hit the pentagon. news report of a plane down in pennsylvania, shanksville, turned out that was true. united 93. as we went through that process and the immediate aftermath as were putting together policies and so forth, there's no question but that there was significantly -- i don't know how i could've done my job if i had to. and i felt that part of my job was as the president's, was to make certain that we never again got it the way we did on 9/11. >> well, with that i would like to thank mr. vice president, think the american enterprise institute for hosting. [applause] i think all of you for coming. thank you. thanks so much. thanks so much, stephen, vice president cheney. aei is extraordinarily grateful to a friend like you, scholar, states and and men of action which represents abi's ambition so well. we are so thankful for your kind -- kind of this when. thanks to all of the questions. we will let you get out of here. i think you have some meaty interviews right after this, and then we will excuse the crowd. thanks again. >> next on book tv, a history of man has launched by the american military and intelligence agencies. >> you're watching the tv on c-span2, 48 hours of nonfiction books every weekend. also available on the web at booktv.org. this book is being released today, called "the rogue: searching for the real sarah palin." author joe mcginniss now joins us to talk about his newly released book from new york. mr. mcginniss, how is it that you ended up living next to sarah palin when you're researching your book? >> i got very, very lucky, peter. i was in alaska in may 2010, and actually looking for a place to live because i knew i was going to be out there for a few months. and i wanted to live in wasilla because at that point in my research, i'm about 80% of the people that i still need to talk to work in or near wasilla. but i couldn't find anything out there, so an hour and 20 minutes away in anchorage, much bigger city, i found an apartment and a little mother-in-law apartment rented by school teacher and i was going to go over there at 6:00 that night to sign a four month lease for that apartment. and at 3:00 that afternoon, my cell phone rang and it was a woman named catherine taylor calling, and she said i've been trying to reach you for months because i heard you're coming back this summer and heard you're looking for a place to live. and i have a house in wasilla it would be available for you to rent. and i said where in glasgow is a dislocated? and she said welcome it's right next door to todd and sarah palin. and i said well, this is my lucky day. and i drove up to the next day, took a look at the house, and moved in the following we can. >> what was the reaction of the palin? >> they weren't happy at all. i didn't think they would be happy because they knew i was writing a book about sarah, an ira published an article in portfolio magazine about her failed attempt to build an alaska gas pipeline. and that peace her considerably. but i expected they would at least be mature about it. the third day i was there i was out of my porch in the early evening, and todd came walking around the fence, there was a fence that separated two properties, and he walked up to me and said, what are you doing here? who are you? what are you doing here? oddly enough, todd and sarah had rented the very same house. they been renting this house through the previous fall and then they decide they didn't want to pay the $3000 a month anymore so they canceled their rental and left mrs. ted is looking for a new tenant. and indicated she found was me. i've explained this to todd, and he said well, i don't like this because you are writing a book about my wife and now i'm worried about our privacy. are you going to be, having long lens cameras looking over the fence taking pictures and sticking microphones there to hear what we're saying? and i said no. i said listen, todd, i'm not the "national enquirer." in fact, as long as i'm here your privacy is guaranteed because i'll do nothing to violate it. consider me sort of a buffer zone. so nobody else can approach or property either because they've got to get through mine first. but he wasn't, he wasn't convinced by the. he felt that this was, just my very presence there was something that was a front. a couple of hours later i was actually standing on my porch at the end of it that faces away from the palis property, looking at some vacant wooded lot on the opposite side, talking on a cell phone to my wife back in massachusetts. and they sent track, there's sun is out of the army, in the backyard to take a cell phone picture of me. and that night sarah posted that picture on her facebook page, and she said we have a new neighbor, joe mcginniss, and here he is shooting over the fence in our property. he could see into my nine year old daughters a bedroom, and who knows what he is up to? we feel that we are being stalked. i forget her exact words, but it was a hysterical outburst. the very next day she called glenn beck and got on his radio show, and they were saying this is terrible, i fear for the safety of my children. all kinds of crazy, hysterical, overreaction to a simple fact that my moving in their next-door. if she and todd had handled this differently, nobody would even have known that i was living next to her because it wasn't something that i had any reason to publicize. that was just my location. we didn't have to be friends but we could have gotten along in a civilized manner. that's what i was hoping for. >> was that you only face-to-face meeting with the palis family? >> that was the only time i talk to any member of the family. that's right. >> and right after that a new fence went up, greg? >> yes. it was a 10-foot high fence. the palins built on the property next to this house, and they built right up next to the property line and they put up this 10-foot fence right in mrs. taylor's face but it was kind of an aggressive gesture on their part but that things had always been near. for next-day todd brought in a a crew of carpenters. they added the height of the fence to make a 16 feet high so there was a 10-foot fence and then nailed up right on top of was a 16-foot high fence. that's the fence actually that, when sarah did that reality tv show on the discovery channel last year, the very first episode she started off by talking about the living next door. there was footage taken of me sitting on my deck and reading a book and minding my own business. and sarah said that they never come easy looking at is? on my gosh, i can't even sit out here and work on my papers because he might be looking at me. and she said, you know what, i want you to drill a hole in that dance so i can spy on him. and see what he's up to. that was the approach they took. they were very, very aggressive about it. todd said to me that first night, he said how long are you going to be here? i said, i think probably three, four months. and he said yeah, well we will just see how long you stay here. and those were the last words i heard from any member of the palin famine. >> did you ever fear for your safety in your months in alaska? >> well, i did actually. i did because the palins have an ability to incite strong emotions in people. a lot of the people inside emotions in the own guns, to put it bluntly. and i had the mayor of wasilla offer me a government on protection. and i declined the offer, but they did put police patrols on to watch my house, keep it under surveillance and also he alaska state police were parked just down the road checking on anybody who was approaching my house. but a couple of days after this, our right wing radio talk show host named mark levin broadcast my e-mail address on his show, and urged his listeners to write to me and express their opinion of what kind of person i was for daring to move next door to sarah palin. and i began to get some of the most ugliest, most hate filled threats of violence i had ever seen transmit it to anyone. not only i was threatened, but my wife was threatened back in massachusetts. someone said we should go visit nancy because she must be lonely with jill away. lifestyle bought and paid a little call on her. and i have someone else write and say you're playing to bring your grandchildren out to visit you this summer? well, they better just by a one-way ticket because because if they come out, you are not going back. you will find there bodies floating in lake wasilla. >> described wasilla as you saw at. >> wasilla is a town that has come out of nowhere almost overnight. i was in alaska in the late, mid-to-late 1970s to work on my book, going to extremes. and i can remember driving from anchorage to fairbanks, which is about an eight hour trip and just over an hour up the road there was a blinking light, yellow blinking and read on either side. telling you to slow down, and there was a gas station and there was a general store. and the post office, and that was wasilla. must have had about 500 people living there, at most. not even a full-fledged traffic light. over the past 20 years it's become the fastest growing city in alaska. a lot of the people who moved to work on the pipeline wound up selling and wasilla. landed there was cheaper than in anchorage itself, but yet it was close enough to angry chick so that they could fly out of anchorage airport up to the north slope and back. it became a boomtown during the pipeline years. and then began to become a commercial center. sarah palin encourage when she was mayor, she encourage the develop of these big box stores, wal-mart and lowe's, so wasilla now, every major franchise, restaurant or department store, target, you know, all of these things. they all have branches in wasilla. wassail is now the most congested hodgepodge surrounded by still the most serene and glorious landscapes that stretch on for hundreds of miles. but wasilla itself is this congested little clogged, clogging the are you right there and our have from anchorage. >> what do you mean when you describe alaska, wasilla, as patently and? >> well, palin was born in idaho but she arrived in wasilla very early in life. that's where she grew up. she went to wasilla high school. her father was a teacher for many years in the wasilla elementary school. and her mother was a secretary in the assembly of god church. the palins became one of the first families of wasilla, so to speak. and when sarah got into politics, she began by running for city council of wasilla and was elected to that. then after two terms on the wasilla city council she stepped up to run for mayor, served two terms as mayor. all the while expanding her political influence your then ran for lieutenant governor, lost but then came back to run for governor and won. and then, of course, john mccain nominated her or vice president. and she personifies the values that were particular to wasilla as opposed to the rest of alaska. and by that i mean especially an extreme form of evangelical christianity. people not come to call it communism because the militant fringe on evangelical rights that wants to end the separation of church and state in america, that's the sarah palin advocates. that's what she would try to bring about if she ever have the power to do it. she's representing that extreme christian right, trying to impose their values on the rest of secular society. there must be 75 tiny little storefront evangelical churches in wasilla. early in "the rogue" i actually list all the churches of wasilla, and it goes on and on and on, about a page and have just the name of always different churches. and that's the essence of wasilla society. tiny little storefront bible believing, bible thumping churches, evangelical christians who believe that evolution is a myth. it should not be taught in public schools, who believe that many, including sarah, believe that jesus, jesus christ will actually return to earth during her lifetime on it. and herb kohl -- our goal has always been to repair alaska and america to be sort of a christian republic that jesus finds himself at home in. >> it became a city of character. what does that mean? >> well, sarah as mayor went to an evangelical conference in indianapolis, paid for by the city by the way, by the taxpayers. already have a whole blending of church and state there. and this was a conference sponsored by the cities of character organization. cities of character our cities that ballot to follow 49 biblical principles -- that vow to follow difficult principles and develop a way of life in the city that is in accordance with these 49 specific biblical principles. such as obedience. you must obey higher authority. they have a little list of flashcards that you look at, and learn all these applications, biblical truth. sera returned from this conference and proposed to the wasilla city council that wasilla becomes a quote, city of character. and the city council authorized this and wasilla became the only city of character in the state of alaska. mostly based in states with strong evangelical traditions, south carolina and texas i believe have the most common to most cities of character at any of the states in the union. for example, none of the new england states, none of the new england states are there any cities of character. it denotes a commitment the following biblical teachings in government. in other words, having to city government influenced by the fundamentalists belief in biblical truth as literal truth. >> why do you describe sarah palin's terms as mayor as a reign of terror? >> because she began to fire people as soon as she took office. she fired the police chief. she drove the town library and to resign. she fired the public works director. she fired, she fired or forced the resignations of anyone who have supported her opponent in the mayoral election. and she replaced them all with high school friends or members offer a simply of god evangelical church. she tried to pack the city council with right wing supporters. she became this autocratic leader overnight. i have talked to many, many people during my research who lost their jobs and sarah palin was mayor. summit to move move out of wasilla. some had to move out of alaska because they displeased her and she brought an end to their terms of public service and in many cases would need to stop there but try to prevent them from finding other jobs. this is where the to begin. people began to peer sarah palin. if you get on the wrong side of sarah, she's going to hurt you. she and todd, they will come at you. they will find a way to get back. people begin to live in fear. wasilla had never seen anything like this before, and it was actually, within months of her election, there was a meeting held in the city to discuss a recall petition to recall her. people realized what a mistake they have made. however, she did moderate to a degree and was elected easily, reelection to a second term. but the way she tried to impose her will and her personality on every aspect of city life leads people looking back at it and saying, phrases were used by half a dozen people who said, when sarah was mayor that was a reign of terror, because you got on the wrong side of her and you were in trouble. you know, not exactly a happy place. >> joe mcginniss is the author of the federal books -- of several books. is news is released today called "the rogue: searching for the real sarah palin." mr. mcginniss, did you witness any of that fear firsthand when you are living up there last summer? >> i sure did. i sure did. i witnessed it when i would call people for interviews, and people would say, well, i'll talk to you but you've got to promise me you won't put my name in your book, because if you do, god knows what will happen to me. this was exaggerated after sarah had her hysterical reaction to my moving next-door. people saw what she did to me for just having the nerve to move next door to her, without bothering her anyway. and if she would get that crazy about you just living next-door, imagine what she would do if she read your book two years from now and saw that i said something critical of for. we wouldn't be safe. our children might not get into college. we could lose a scholarship. we could lose job. she has a lot of ways of getting back. she has a lot of power in the state even though she is not governor anymore. people were fearful. i remember one incident where i had some effect of smoke alarms in the house i was renting, and they had to be replaced. the handyman who's going to come and replace the smoke alarms called me and said well, i'm right down at the end of your street, and i said, done. he said i will but i've got to get my car ready first. and 15 minutes later he pulls up. i had a chain across my driveway to keep out unwanted visitors. and i was down there to unlock the chain and let him in. and i notice that both his front and we're license plates had cardboard taped over them so nobody could see the numbers. and he said that's what i meant about getting my car ready. he said i can't take a chance somebody could be in the palin house next door and looked up and upstairs and they said my license plate number and they know that i came here to do some repair work -- repair work. that could put me out of business. that's the kind of fear i encountered everyday. >> with irrational fears? >> i think they were because sarah's history of vindictiveness, of maintaining the minister click of the story of a trooper gate, which is win, that's the story of her illegal attempts to use the power of her office to force the firing of a state policeman in alaska whose only offense was the fact that he got divorced from sarah's sister. it was a bitter divorce, and the palins set out to destroy this man. and they stopped almost at nothing. and, in fact, they didn't fire the highly acclaimed director of public safety for alaska, while monaghan. when he refused a direct order to deliver the trooper said to them on the planet. they wanted to trooper fired. sarah started before she was governor and she continued as governor. that's what got her first in trouble back in 2008, and that's why it's at the gate at the end of it because she lied about this. she said she'd never been anything to use the power of her office to try to force the firing of this too. and it was proven to tape recorded phone conversations et cetera that she had. they spent three to four years to try to force this man out of a job. is only offense was that he had divorced sarah's sister, and stares at sister was unhappy and said i want to get back at him and says it, well, i can take that -- take care of that for you. she and todd devoted time and effort, stay time, stay personal to try to get this man fired. >> joe mcginniss, you refer to them as, palins, as they quite often as you talk about the sarah and todd. >> todd actually had a desk in sarah's office when she was cover. todd conducted an awful lot of state business from that office. todd would be the person who would meet with department heads, committees. sarah really didn't want to do the job. she wanted to get elected, but then she found the details of governance to be both confusing and boring. and she really didn't tend to them very carefully. and todd stepped in the areas where he had particular interest, such as fisheries and the oil industry. and he was the power not very far behind the throne. a lot of people understood that when todd called and said he wants something done, he was speaking for sarah. that's the famous airhead called. it was really basically the two of them, governed the state to together up until the time when sarah was nominated for the republican vice presidency in 2008. >> you also refer several times to the status, the state of their marriage. >> everyone -- i shouldn't say everyone. but the vast majority of people who i've talked to during my time in and around wasilla who have known that havens for a long time, who know them well, knew them from even before they get married, throughout their marriage, the common thread was this marriage is held together by the slimmest of threats. there's this ongoing and constant threats of divorce. the rumors of breakup. it was a loveless marriage. it was essentially a business relationship, something that, they're simply, simply not close to each other. one person who i cite in the book, he was the head of the security deal for state police when sarah was governor, he was in charge of for security and he would travel with sarah and todd outside the state to governors conference when sarah would go to washington. gary would be her personal security officer, and he got to observe sarah and todd closed up, both in the state, driving them to in state automobiles or traveling on airplanes outside the state. and he said these two people wanted nothing to do with each other. he had been also the head of security for the two previous governors, both of whom were married. and he said the contrast between those marriages, from his vantage point, and todd and sarah, was striking because there was just no closeness, no togetherness. people who know them better, more personally, people who have been house guest at their home who have known them for many, many years told me about, nothing but fights, arguments, screaming matches, slamming doors, throwing things. and no love, no closeness. and this, you know, this wouldn't matter, this would be of no significance, i wouldn't have even written about this in the book except for the hypocrisy that sarah displays when she tries to present herself as a personification of family values. sarah sells herself as the mama grizzly, the hockey mom, this working mother and his wonderful wife with her great close partner, todd. and that's an utter myth. less than the myth. it's an utter fraud. and it's because that's become a cornerstone of her political persona that i found it necessary to write about the reality as opposed to the image in "the rogue." >> but joe mcginniss, did you talk to people who were friends with the palins, supporters of the palins, as well as people who may be on the outs within? >> they were really hard to find, peter. i tell you, and they were hard to find. the biggest surprise that i had when i got to wasilla in 2010 was how few friends and supporters she had left. the people who know her best, like our least, people have known her longest, trust or leased and fear are the most, those friends that she still does have, she instructed not to talk to me. she said i don't want you talking to this fellow joe mcginniss. her daughter, her daughter bristled lawyer, told levi johnston's sister not to talk to me or bristol wouldn't let levi visit his son, trip. these were the links to go to to try to stop me from talking to people. all of the friends that she still has come her family members, i called both todd's father, i called todd saw two or three times on the phone, had a very pleasant conversations with him, but he said i can't talk to you. i'm a member of the family. they don't want to talking to you. i can't sit down with you. i have nothing against you, but i'm not going to see. i called sarah's mother and father that i talk to her mother twice on the phone. told her who i was, oh, yes, i've heard about you. can i come and visit with you? no, i don't think that would be a good idea. i better ask chuck, call back next week. called back next week and no, that's just not going to work. sarah doesn't want us doing that thought kind of thing. she tried to fill a screen around herself and keep the people close to her on the other side of it like defense they have between the two houses. and honestly, from a political or public relations point of you i think that was probably a mistake on her part because i would have been happy to include a pretty picture if i ever been able to find it, but she made it just about impossible for me. i did talk to one woman at some length, and that's, that conversation is recorded in the "the rogue," recorded. and she, three times during the interview, she changed her mind about whether she would give me permission to use her name or not. and in the end, after the interview she got back to me and called and said no, you know what? i've decided you can't use my name because even though i had only good things to say about sarah, i don't want her even knowing that i talk to you because that would make her angry and i don't want to mix their angry, so do not use my name in your book. and, of course, as with any sources who i promised confidentiality to, i maintain that. so her name is not in the book. >> joe mcginniss, if somebody were interested in sarah palin, and picked up this book and read it, is it a fair assessment to say they would find nothing positive about sarah palin, and they might think you have an agenda of? >> oh, they might think i have an agenda but my only agenda was to learn as much as i could about her, and you write in the best story i could tell. and when i went to alaska in 2008 for the first time, she was still governor. i was out there on election day 2008. actually the day before election day. that's a first time i've been back in more than 25 years. and michael then was to learn more about this gas pipeline that she had said she was building but she really wasn't. and i spent three weeks focusing on the pipeline but learning a lot about sarah at the time. and i could see her popularity already was waning. and i wasn't all that surprised when she quit as governor the following summer. and i was back in 2009, and nash was no longer governor and now i was focusing exclusively on sarah, not just on the gas pipeline. and i found that she had lost support, that she didn't have friends, that there were not people ready to say good things about her. you know, if she had lived a different kind of life, it shows a different kind of person, it would've been a different kind of book. but sarah is responsible for the tenor and the scope, the tone of this book. >> joe mcginniss, you think sarah and todd patent are the parents of trig palin? >> i don't know. i think they're still a legitimate question to be asked about that. i go into this in chapter 19, but i'm very careful not to move beyond where the facts take me. there are many, many people, i've been blogging for the past six months, and i would get thousands of comments from people who accused me of being afraid to tell the truth about trig. there's a whole cadre of people out there who are convinced the whole story of trig's pregnancy is a fabrication. i'm not one of them. i am agnostic. i don't know. i do know the story she has told, stories, a couple different versions of having her water break when she was making a speech in dallas, texas, and rushing back to alaska and going to wasilla and giving birth the next day, there are many, many problems with that story. and i specify exactly what they are in the book. and it leaves me still feeling uncertain. if she's not, it would be the most appalling hoax ever played on the american people by a political figure. and that would be a terrible accusation to make without powerful proof. and i don't have powerful proof. i have misgivings, and that's the way i express myself about this question in the book. >> if you have had the chance to talk with sarah palin, five minutes, 10 minutes, what would you have asked her? >> i would have asked her why she is give me more than five or 10 minutes. why do we sit down for a meal or why don't we have in our? i would have asked her, you know, what her plans were. what she really going to run for president or is she just bringing people along. >> finally, mr. mcginniss, did you write the book that sarah palin feared he would? >> i don't know that she has fear. i don't know if it's there really has fear. i think she feels protected by divine forces. god is, she has said god opens the doors for me. anybody who thinks that god is the doorman doesn't have to worry about merely a guy who writes books. >> joe mcginniss is the author of this book being released today, september 20, "the rogue searching for the real sarah palin." he joins booktv from new york. thank you, mr. mcginniss. >> thank you, peter. >> is there a book you would like to see featured on booktv? send us an e-mail at booktv c-span.org or tweet us at twitter.com/booktv. >> this weekend with assistance from a local cable every time warner cable tv takes you to several locations in charlotte, north carolina. taking a look at the local literary culture. next an interview with rick rothacker, author of "banktown: the rise and struggles of charlotte's big banks." >> when did these big banks first coming to charlotte? >> it sort of a long history of why these banks grew up in north carolina. the first big reason was in the early 1800s banks across the state were allowed to branch and have multiple branches around the state which you couldn't do in a lot of different states. the bank started getting a little bit bigger than maybe some of their peers around the country. the first with a bank was actually in winston-salem, wachovia. in overtime the bank started getting bigger, looking to get outside of north carolina and the banks in charlotte really started going to wachovia. the typical for north korea national bank which became bank of america, and other big bank was union national became the first union. those became the two big banks and charred and were sort of competing with each other, doing deals, making acquisitions to a lot of the regulations about going outside of state boundaries eventually came down and they get bigger and bigger. now we have bank of america is the biggest bank in the country that is based in charlottesville. it's had a lot of troubles lately. more than 2 trillion in assets. the other big bank, first union merged with wachovia and took the wachovia name and then really got into trouble during the financial crisis and almost feel. that bank now is owned by wells fargo out of san francisco. so into the only big bank still based it is bank of america, although wachovia is part of wells fargo. they have their biggest employee base here in charlotte. wells fargo still has a big presence in charlotte. >> what were some of the problems they were having? >> both of these banks really true throughout time, and then both kind of stumbled on the last big acquisitions. wachovia bought a lender called golden west financial out in california, kind of right at the top of the housing bubble, have a lot of mortgage issues that they inherited about $100 million in mortgages. allowing california housing prices were really falling apart to get some investment banking issues as well. that put them in trouble going into the financial crisis. then bank of america had bought first countrywide financial which was the biggest subprime lender, and then merrill lynch which is the biggest investment bank. a lot of concern and initially was about the merrill lynch do and that led to a government bailout and a lot of congressional hearings and a lot of handwringing about what happened there. now with a countrywide deal is the one that is causing a lot of problems with all the bad mortgages they still have. there's just a lot of drama during the financial crisis. wachovia over one weekend in 2000 it was literally ready to bail and they were trying to figure out who to sell it to. initially they're going to sell to wells fargo and then they backed out. and citigroup is going to bite and then wells fargo came back with another deal. and there were moments where really wachovia was close to failing and they weren't sure what was going to happen and another deal would come through at the last minute. then went wachovia switch from citigroup to wells fargo, they're sort of a confrontation between the lawyers and citigroup say we will serve you for billions of dollars. we know, and they eventually, they eventually did. they just are not too long ago for about $109 spent what effect would that have had on the city of charlotte and the state of north carolina's? >> a big effect. we saw from 2008-2009, we lost 3000 financial services jobs. each waited to about $1 billion in wages. some of that start to come back at you still have lost jobs. some of the investment banking jobs, they will not come back. some of the market to a type stuff they're doing, no one does anymore which is probably a good thing. a lot of the mortgage company around here, a big mortgage of of of the company. they had trouble. the couple posits we've seen, some countries have coming to town as it will create offices here, or move operation share and take advantage of some of the financial service folks who are here. smaller firms have spun off from the bank, investment bankers and private equity firms. so i don't have a more diverse financial sector but we definitely lost kind of us being to lose one of our big bank to bank in california, to go to all the pain that happened. >> what does having all these big major banks here in the city, what has it been for the city of charlotte? >> it means a lot. the banks grew up with the city, the support of the leaders of the banks really worked on building the community. the ceo of the bank of america, really known for building uptown area and trying to improve the art scene. it was out of the own self interest they wanted to recruit people to get people to move here. first union, the ceo, same type of thing. they're trying to