Author programs throughout the country. Heres a look at some events this week. On monday, were in michigan at Hillsdale College to talk with several of the schools professors about recent books. On tuesday, at politics and prose book store in washington, dc, nadia lopez will cause her work as a principal at a school in brooklyn, new york. On westerns, Joseph Stiglitz will look at the future of the euro at barnes noble in new york city. On thursday, at the Hampton History Museum in hampton, virginia, four africanamerican women whose compute additions were integral to americas victory in the space race. On friday, we finish the week in the nations capitol at politics and prose book store where baker talks about his experiences as a substitute teacher in maines Public School system. Many events are open to the public. [inaudible conversations] okay. Good evening, everybody. Can everyone hear me . Yeah . Okay. Good evening. My name is zoe, thank you for coming out tonight and support your local independent book store. Were thrilled to have you. Another ask arch to please turn off or silence your cell phones and ill tell you our event is full of interesting author talks like the one youll hear tonight, on monday well hear from clear ya and steve vaccine axelrod. If you want to know more about those events, follow us on facebook, twitter or instagram or pick up an event schedule. Clara bingham is the author of witness to the revolution radical resistors, hippies and year america lost its point and found its soul and the landmark case that changed Sexual Harassment law, which one the aauw speaking out for justice award also authored women on the hill and challenge congress. Her writing as happened in vanity fair, voc, the washington monthly, she has also produced the last mountain, critics pick the new york times. Well be playing a short teaser trailer for witness to the revolution and well watch that right now. If you can get the lights down. Good evening my fellow americans. Tonight i want to talk to you on a subject of deep concern to all americans and to many people in all parts of the world. The war in vietnam. I would like to answer some of the question is know are on the minds of many of you listening to me. How and why the america got into vietnam. We were like 21, 22, 23 years old. We were kids. We were people who had come up in activism. We were born in the Civil Rights Movement, born in the Antiwar Movement, born in Womens Movement and the beginning of the queer moment, and al this was appearing and it was look to the oppressed. The combination of black and power shocked the nation. I mean, why people went nuts. They just went nuts. A revolutionary and you have to keep on saying that. Even though i was incarcerated i knew needly that head did not die at the hands of Police Officers with the guns who invaded. That was set up. And later it was proven it was set up. We reporting from the sidelines. We identify with i was convinced these guns were not loaded with live ammo. Thought how ridiculous would that be, until i saw theground in front of me churn and inrealized they were live bullets and also shot at that point. Shooting in unson. 61, 67 bullets at unarmed students. My sister was 343 feet away from her shooters. You had people linking arms and being pepper sprayed or canyoned or boating for calling an end to the war. You saw moments and were part of moments where the human spirit was really at it best. I think its fair to say that we lost all our political struggles in the 60s. We didnt end capitalism. We didnt end imperialism we didnt end racism. We didnt actually end the war in vietnam. However, we did win all the cultural battles. Theres no place in the United States you can good today where theres not a Womens Movement, environmental movement, alternative health movement. These things are exerting longterm pressures that are deeply and subtly transformative, and it was our assertion then they were more powerful than all of us. Hi, everybody. See if these work. Thank you for coming. Thank you for clean booksmith for inviting me here. Can we use is this working . Great. Im not going to touch anything. Theres so few independent book stores left and im always excited to come to one athlete this big and vibrant and that has clearly a community center. So im really thrilled be here. Also wonted to give a shoutout to random house colleague of mine who is here, amelia, who is sitting over there being shy and who is the lawyer for this book, which required a lot of work, as you can imagine. Im glad she is here. This video that you just saw, the voices you heard were from taperecorded interviews i conducted with 100 different people, obviously not in the same only a few in that video but i talked to 100 people over the course of three years who were involved in different parts of the movement for social change, in the late 60s all of them lived in america. I decided that i missed the 60s. I was been in 1963 and grew up in new york city on Central Park West and my playground was essentially the staging ground for the Antiwar Movement and i knew a lot was going on, as a young child, but i wasnt completely aware of the significance of it. My early hometown heroes were bella abzug and shirley which is. And i was a feminist at age. But this was all theater to me who and i graduate from canaling in 1965 it was after the largest student strike in america. There were 700 colleges closed down, 2. 5 Million Students went on strike. After kent state and the invasion of cambodia in 1970. No one took classes, no one took finals, and yet i graduated just 15 years later to the middle of the reagan administration, a few of us went to battle on the streets against apartheid and trying to get harvard to divest, but otherwise it was very quiet. All my friends went to work at wall street. And i just knew that my life was different because of what had happened in the 60s. Was free to choose any career i wanted and livni sort of life i wanted to lead, but i really wanted to know what it was about this revolution in the late 60s i had missed and how that activism, that awakened generation, had changed my generation and all the generations to follow. I also thought it was good time to go back and with history, i think youre allowed to go back every decade or so and revisit what had occurred, even if the 60s has been written about enormously. The library i just collected in my research was vast, and so i did feel like it was a little cheeky of me to decide i could take on this decade as a kid who wasnt even there. But it seemed like the right time to revisit the decade and talk to people who were activists, because many of them were in their late 60s and 70s and were ready to reflect, so much had gone on in the last 45 years there was a lot to talk about, and i wanted to catch them at a time when they still remembered what they had done and wanted to reflect. So, i set about traveling around the country. I decided to focus on the school year of 196970 so august to august. Which was a period of time which i considered to be the climax, the crescendo of the 6 are o and atried to recreate the first person voice, woven together. I recreated many of the big evented that occurred during that time through personal stories of the boom i tracked to. So, it was really moving experience to get people to tell me what had happened to them. Everyone remembered everything because it was so traumatic. I thought id have to worry about fading memories but that wasnt the case. And everyone was traumatized, whether they had come back from the war and fought in vietnam or were fighting against the war on the streets here or even part of the counterculture or the feminist movement, everybody had done things they felt were extremely important and they committed their lives in a way that no one in my generation had ever really done, and so it was exciting for me to revisit all that with them. August of 69, as many of you may remember, was woodstock, and i looked at woodstock through the eyes of david harris, who at the time was in jail, and his wife, openbaez, was pregnant with his child and singingings on stage anding everybody a that 500,000 people who appeared at the farm and that whole new york all about her husband who had started the resistance. It was a large group of draft evaders who decided what the best and most moral thing to do to fight the draft, which by the way affected the lives of 27 Million People between 1965 and 1973, 2. 2 million american men were drafted. So it was a instantly politicizing experience. David harris thought the most morally correct thing to do was to go to jail, and he tried to convince as many people as possible to take that act of civil disobedience and go to jail. David harris, like many of the activists during this time, was raised in the Civil Rights Movement. So he had gone to mississippi as a tom hayden, as had robin morgan and so many people in the Antiwar Movement. They work in the Civil Rights Movement in the south. David harris was a student at stafford. At stanford. This is david harris. I considered myself part of the movement from the day i left mississippi. What called the movement, capital t, capital m, was a submit to the justice in the deck democracy. Wasnt an ideology, there wasnt a specific toll picks attached to it. What it was was a set of values fining ways to express themselves. I was in marches. I was in reallies and demonstrations but there was always the larger question of the conscription system, and that era, when any male turned 18, he had to go to the post office and register for the Selective Service system. When you registered they gave you two cards, one was proof that you had registered and the other indicated your classification, because under the Selective Service there were various classifications starting with 1a, which mend your were cannons to for one that you would get a notice in the mail that you were physically unable to proffer and exempt in between that was 2f the student deferment. Anybody in college making, quote, reasonable progress toward a degree, had a temporary exemption until they finished their education. So that was the system that covered all of our lives. All of the male lives, anyway. Always there was floating out there, what happens when they call your number . We understandably focused on that a lot. There were people going to graduate school so they wouldnt get drafted. There were people getting married so they wouldnt get drafted because early on being married was an exemption. They were going to draft family men. They thought if you want to take a year off and just go to paris and write poetry, youre headed for the tall grass if you do that. This defined everybodys life. I see a few nods. So, the draft really is the spine of the story in many ways, and it is probably in many ways the reason why at this group of early babyboomers were often called the awakened generation because theres nothing that wakes you up more than realizing that who youre voting for and how you act will have an impact whether you live and die, whether you good to war or not, and so a perfect storm of rebellion took place by the end of the 60s. We had the vietnam war and the draft and the civil rights, political side of the revolution, and working arm in arm, and then there was also the psychedelic resolution, countercultural taking place and that had a profound impact on peoples view toward the establish zombie the end of the 60s there was a Massive Movement of student uprising, and i conclude and many people i interviewed concluded that lsd played in part in that to some extent, and marijuana. I said in book that lsd used widely in the late 1960s was the secret ingredient that helped propel a transfollower make in attitude and lifestyle that challenged nearly every prim that supported American Society and culture of the 1950s. It was called a revolution by consciousness, or a psychedelic revolution, by 1970 two american americans had dropped acid and a third of all College Students had smoked marijuana. The escalation of the vietnam war and resistance to the draft in the second half of the decade combined with the psychedelic fueled counterculture created a nationwide spontaneous combustion. And again, david harris had a lot to say about that. He was at stanford in the mid60s and he had long hair, Fraternity Brothers kidnapped him and shaved his head. That became very big news in san francisco, on the front page of the papers. And meanwhile, even though for a long time during the 60s the political left and the counterculture were not always simpatico and there was a sense they had different ideals and different objectives, but david harris found himself right in the eye of the bulls eye in middle of the two revolutions that were taking place because he was in palo alto. This is what he told be about that. About the same time i took acid for the first time, ken kesey was doing his trip festival in the city himself was also a figure around stanford because he lived up in the hills and the back of stanford in a town called la honda. We all knew him and actually took acid with him several times. A lot of hippies at the time were looking to get stoned and dance and play. We were all for getting stoned and dancing and playing but Serious Business was how to deal with the machine that is chewing up southeast asia. All those things were mingled together and all part of the same uprising of young people who insisted on writing their own ticket because the tickets being written for them were bad, at best, and criminal at worst, and it wasnt just acid. It was the whole thing, growing your hair out, wearing clothed that didnt come from jc penney or saks fifth avenue. We gripe 50s, time of no options. There was only one way to be. When i grew up in fresno, we had three choices. You could be john wayne in the sands of iwo jima or john wayne in the stands iwo jima or john wayne in the sands of iwo jima. That was it. So what happened in the 60s was summarized as hippie was making options. There were other ways to be than the one that everyone was insisting we were supposed to be and we were going to find them. After august, a group of pretty straight antiwar activists, many of. The clean for jean in 68. They had shaved their beards and cut their hair to campaign for Eugene Mccarthy in new hampshire. Organized something called the Moratorium Committee to end the war in vietnam. And on october 15, they staged what was the largest ever protest against the war, Million People over the country went on strike for one day, had teachins and different events to oppose the war, and this was very, very threatening to the Nixon Administration because it approved that it wasnt just the radical fringe. It wasnt just hippie freaks against the war. This is something that was multigenerational now and the country was really turning against the war by 1969 more than 50 of americans were against the war. So, the moratorium really proved that this was no longer a fringe movement. This is a much broader movement, and one of the ways the Nixon Administration debt with this was day tried to intimidate the members of the committee. One was a man named david mixer in and he was gay and he had a very intimidating and scary incident occur to him which ill read to you about, which i think was a little bit of a precursor to the plumbers. This is clearly something that the early Nixon Administration, maybe the fbi, was involved with. So, ill tell you what happened. Because it was really quite shocking. I was terrified to tell my dad if i was drafted, i wouldnt serve. Which is sort of a joke now because all i had to do was tell them i was gay. And i would have been out instantly. But being in jail for five years appealed more to me than letting anyone know i was gay. Its powerful, isnt it . Thats all i had to said. Id rather have gone to jail than have anyone know the truth about me. Wouldnt have been allowed to do anything i was doing. Wouldnt have been a cochair of the vietnam moratorium if i were gay. Hell, i had to fight to get march women were not given good roles, the movement was still misogynist, gay . I wouldnt have immediately been discarded. And then this is what happened to him right after. One night i got drunk, went to this really remote dingy a bar and this vision from god came in. He was exactly my type. Intelligent, handsome, masculine, and we ended up going home together. He said, i know who you are, work for the federal government. I dont want you to panic. Want to create a safe place for you. I really have feelings for you. He had everything i loved in his house. Yates, all the great poets i loved and Elvis Presley and janis joplin records to make a lock story short we started an affair and he became a very safe place for me 30. Days into it he said he had 0 to go air from the week behind. When ogot back he said, lets meet for lunch on monday. ll come straight from the airport. Said, great. So i went to hot shop and sat in a booth waiting for him two guys in suits pulled into the booth and sat across from me and showed me their badges. When someone shows you a became, how many times have you taken a look at it. Especially in those days. I dont know if they were real. They poured out on the table some naked pictures of the two of us having sex. It just was as if someone had stuck a knife into my gut. I first thought, my first thought was, i have to warn frank so immediately afterward is ran to his apartment. To warn him. I used my key, got in, and the place was totally empty. There wasnt a dust ball or anything necessary the apartment. I never saw him again. The suits gave me three days to get out of the moratorium or they were going to send this pictures to my family and the press. So i got very, very drunk and told my friends i had a heart condition and was very sick. I decided to kill myself. I bought a gun and put it underneath my mattress and was going to kill myself but i wanted to get drunk enough to do it. But then i had this moment of clarity and i realized that there was no way they could send the photos to the press because how were they going to explain it . Did the government really want the press to know that they were filming homosexuals and blackmailing them . Maybe they had as much to lose as i did. So i sobered up and when they met him when they met up with me free days later and asked me, are you getting out . I said, send it to them. Dont care. And walked away. Every time the phone rang some someone said your mom and dad is on the phone irthought they had gotten the pictures. I dreaded hearing from them. Or the press called and said we want to speak to david. Every single time i worried they that he photos. So i immediately pulled back and stopped speaking to press. After the october 15th october 15th moratorium, there was another moratorium on november 15th. This one just took place in washington, dc. 500,000 people came to d. C. For three days. An absolutely one of the largest single events in one city ever against the war. It ended with something called the march of death, which david mixner organizedded which was 38 hours, people marching from Arlington Cemetery with black cards of names of dead american servicemen to the capitol building, putting the placards in makeshift coffins leaned up in front of the capital and then carrying them to the white house. So that david said was his best revenge, and also one of the most moving things he participated in. At that moratorium on the 15th , there were signs, many people had signed say free the pitchingville people and the reason why those signs had just come up was two days earlier on november 13th, an Investigative Reporter named ci hirsch has just broken a story about the mei lei master and the story dribbled out over the course of a month and eventually revealed that american soldiers had moved into a village and killed 504 civilians who were mostly women and young children, and it was an absolutely devastating story that did more to help the Antiwar Movement than any protest or match ever could and also revealed to many people how difficult the war was to win because it was very hard to tell who was the enemy and who was friend and who was foe. Also, the u. S. Had an unspoken rule called kill anything that moves, and body count was very important. So, what happened in mei lei was happening all over vietnam, on a small are scale, and i interviewed soldiers who were there who understood that mei lei wasnt just a onetime event. This was actually really symptomatic of one of the many problems of the war ask how it was being fought. Ci hirsch was a fascinating person for me to interview. A crusty Investigative Reporter. He didnt want to talk to me. Had to go through multiple people to get to him, and ive told that story, and im sick of telling the center was very funny about it. Eventually he told me the whole story of how he it was great gum shoe reporting, investigative story how he got the first tip, one tip about lieutenant calley, who was in trouble. He found his lawyer in salt lake city. The lawyer told him where calley was, he went to south carolina, found calley after days of hunting for him at his military base. Calley ended up telling million everything he knew, which was not to his benefit. Later on ci hirsch finds other people who are in calleys troop, and he one of the most important people he discovered and who talked to him was a guy named medlo. Ill tell you about that. This i cr hirsch. Fining him wasnt that easy. The only thing i knew from the Company Roster was meadlo, was from indiana. And so i just found every meadlo i could find in the whole state. I finally found somebody near terra haute in a place called nugoshin. I called and said, hi, im looking for paul, is he okay . What do you mean, i said, you know, how is his leg . Well, he is doing all right. Who are you . I said im just a reporter. Want to talk to him about what happened in the war, and she said, well, dont know if hell talk to you. Said, is it okay if i come . She said, i cant promise. He has a very she had a very deep indiana rural voice. So the next day i flew to indianapolis, rented a car and drove. It might have been 10 00 in the morning when it got to the city. Couldnt find his place for a long time. It was a chicken farm. But when i pulled into the farm, i could see that it was all messed up and there were chickens all over the place. His mom comes out and she is a little old lady. She is 50 but looks closer to 70. Just beat down, and living in this old wooden shack. So i say, is he in there . Is it okay if i go in . She said, yes, of course. And then she said this great line. She looked at me and she said i sent him a good boy and they made him a murderer. One of to the lineses that will stick with you forever. I sat down and first i asked him about his leg. Which is always what you do. Youve got to do that. Ed said i want to see the stump. And he showed me his stump and after a few minutes i said, okay, tell me your story. What is your story . And he smiled. Happy to have somebody not pretending that nothing ever happened to him. He said i just began to shoot people. Calley told me to shoot and he shot and shot and im taking notes. I shot and shot. I spoke to 70 of the kids in the next six months to write the book after doing the first five articles. And of course, cy hirsch won the pulitzer for that story. That was november. And we arent even into 197 yet. By december, a few things happened. But most notably the murder of fred hampton who was a leader a very charismatic young black panther member and he was based in chicago, and he one of the things hampton preached he was a great speaker was for racial unity and he wanted a rainbow coalition. He was the prejesse jackson, rainbow coalition, which made the fbi very nervous. And because wasnt a separatist, and the black Panther Party at that point had started in oakland in 1966 but by the end of 1969, it was at its peak, and this is what i wrote about it. At the vanguard of this domestic rebellion was they black Panther Party which in reaction to Police Brutality and fbi harassment publicly declared war on the police. Two dozen black panther chapters opened cries the country, and across the country and in 1969 the Police Killed 27 panthers and arrested or jailed 749. J. Edgar hoover announced the black Panther Party was the greatest threat to the internal security of the country. And he assigned 2,000 fulltime fbi agents to expose, disrupt, misdirect, and discredit and otherwise neutralize the panthers and other new left organizations. And in 1969, in a speech to congress hoover declared the new left was a firmly established subversive force dedicated to complete destruction of our Traditional Democratic values and the principles of free government. So, it was war, as hell and these 2,000 agents were part of a secret Organization Called win the fbi called go and tell. They went after the panthers first, the weathermen second, but then they didnt stop. They infiltrated the vietnam vets against the war, many feminist groups say even went to communes and had a lot of people who were underground and disrupting from inside all these organizations. And also encouraging them to be more and more violent. On december 4, fred hampton was killed in his sleep. He 80 shots were fired through this front door. He and his colleague, merv clark were killed 4 00 in the morning. Hamptons bodyguard was an fbi informant. He slipped him a sleeping pill so hampton never woke up. It was coldblooded assassination. At the beginning the police said it was a firefight but only two pullets were shown to have gone through the outside from the inside to the outside. So, it was clearly an fbi, ad with the Chicago Police assassination, and it was extremely upsetting to the white left, and to a group of sds radicals who had split off from the large student sds, students for democratic society, split off from them in june of 1969 and created a more militant radical group and called themselves the weathermen. Mark rider was their leader. He had been out columbia in 1968 during the student uprising and he described the impact of the fred hampton death and also the fbis targeting of the black panthers on his group. When the panderers came look and they were carrying guns and spouting by any means necessary, and the government reacted by taking them seriously, and murdering them, we said, its war. And we got to be out there, and not just applauding from the sidelines. See, theres always a tendency for white people to hold back and applaud from the sidelines. But we identified sorry. But we identified that as being racist. Not to take any risks. We didnt want to be liberals. To be liberal was to be a hypocrite and be a betrayer. So part of our thinking was, which side are you on . Avenge fred hampton became our battle cry. Black power then became an enormous challenge to white kids. Would we be germans, racists and ignore what is happening . Would we support the people who were fighting and taking the risks . That became the challenge for the weathermen. Most young whites dont understand the extent of the challenge that the black movement posed to the Weather Underground and to the movement. I interviewed several members of the black Panther Movement and as well a party as well as the Weather Underground, and that was fascinating. Mark wrote especially it was very reflective about what they had done and felt theyd made a lot of mistakes by becoming as militant as the did but i wasnt interested in judging them. Wanted to know why. What it was that motivated them to act they way they acted. In february the weathermen bombed a house of a judge in new york city. He was the judge presiding over the panther 21 trial, which was at the time the largest case that went on for months and months and 21 panthers had public arrested. They were all in jail without bail. The bail was set for. The at 100,000. A cause celebre and the weathermen fire bombed the house of the judge didnt interview anything. I interviewed the judges son who amelia knows. And he was it was really interesting to hear his point of view, what it was like to be the victim of a bombing. How terrify it was and threatening. That was just the beginning. On march 6th, the weathermen blew up the famous townhouse in the west village on 11th 11th street. Three of them were killed. They were making a bomb that hey planned to detonate at fort dix and would have called officers and their dates would have killed the waiters and the band members, and it was an example of how far out the weather had gotten with this anger and wants to fight fire with fire. After that occurred they all went underground. All the leaders. About 200 members of the Weather Underground assumed fake names, moved all over the country, many of them went west. Wore wigs. Started to do manual labor, cash only jobs, and many of them lived underground for up to ten yours, and they joined a Large Community of underground people. There were a lot of draft dodgers and people who had escaped drug laws and black panthers and different people involved in the black power movement. So there was a Large Community of hundreds of thousands of People Living underground. After the townhouse explosion, the impact of that on the new left and the Antiwar Movement was devastating. Because of course it played right into nixons hands, and tom hayden, who started the we can started sds in the early 60s and was at that stage the grandfather tv the Antiwar Movement, and who i interviewed multiple times, told me this about the townhouse. The townhouse explosion was pretty stunning if knew everybody who died. I think there were too many people who vow it as the end of the 60s. But you can only have so many ends of the 60s. There are about ten of them. Altamonte was the end of the 60s. The end of the 76 is so really 1975 when i indicate item natural en. Didnt the town suh signified the end of the 60s but i felt immense sore re and depression. Had questions of a tenth nick exactly nature like, what went wrong . What were they doing . For a period of time the blast is all well knew about. The people had been blasted to oblivion. There will only fingernails left. I just thought they were beyond logic and sense. It confirmed what i feared. Nobody ever came to me and said, were going to kill soldiers. It was jj, one of the leaders of this group jjs logic which said if our government is killing innocent vietnamese our job is to kill innocent american soldiers. I looked at the practical morality, like, what the fuck are you doing . Youre carrying out an act which will reflect on everybody in the peace movement. Bring down the fbi and maybe the cia on us. It has no rationale that can be voiced. You might as well say youre organizing for satan. It would be the plate equivalent. Heyeverybody, stand on street corners, were satan, just join us. Yet some people youll reach but what the fuck are you doing . Its only possible that they were doing it because they really didnt care anymore about influencing american opinion. After the townhouse, in may, president nixon announced may 1st invasion of cambodia. Had been secretly bombing cambodia for a year but may 1st the sent in troops and this was not greated at all with any sort of popular opinion. Everyone was very upset. Students were still in school, and they protested all over the country, and kent state occurred which we just saw on may 4th. And four students were killed, 13 shot, by the Ohio National guard. After that the student strike took place over the rest of the month, and the country came as close to a civil war, i think, certainly as it ever had, in the 20th century. It was a moment of pure chaos. And it ended on august didnt end but in a way i feel like the movement ended on in some ways at least morally and in its soul on august 24th, at the university of wisconsin. , when four men bombed a building and blew up the entire building. It was the army Mass Research building, and a lot of research for the war was taking place there it had been a hot issue for years because dow chemical researchers were working for dow chemical in that building, and a man named Carl Armstrong who i interviewed and his brother, dwight, and two other men who were had been on the Student Newspaper decided that be an important symbolic building to blow up. And they detonate an entire uhaul truck of ammunition and it was considered the largest domestic terrorist act before the oklahoma bombing. Unfortunately, and by mistake they killed someone, 33yearold sis fixes researcher who had five children. He was actually antiwar himself. He happened to be working at 2 00 or 3 00 in the morning. So she armstrong brothers and their friends went on the loose. They ran out to canada. Athey were able to be fugitive ford several years before they were discovered. Carl armstrong did time. Nearly everybody did time. Many others did time for drugs, for protestsdid time for civil disobedience. Sort of a badge of honor. But carl did about ten years, and that bombing was considered even worse than the Weather Underground bombing because it occurred afterwards and even one of the people, leo burt, is still on the lam. He was never discovered. And after that bombing, the Weather Underground continued to bomb but they took up symbolic bombings and didnt with no intention of killing people, and they actually didnt kill anyone no were they caught. It was one of the largest manhuntses in fbi history and i interviewed on fbi agent named bill dyson who was the many caseworker for the Weather Underground help followed them for ten years and was absolutely fascinating. He knows more about them than anybody because he lisp to all their conversations he was very funny about how women were complaining within weather, they didnt have the power they wanted inside the organization, and he felt that was completely untrue because he listen to all their conversations and felt that bernadine jordan was in charge and was Kathy Wilkerson and other women. A lot of women in weather. But bill dyson told me that about the Weather Underground. The list i maintained what the official list used by the fbi. It was 38 bombings. I had the lift enemy rised. The Weather Underground was sophies tick indicated with their devices. Mo so than many people realize. None of the weathermen bombings have been sold. They put one in the pentagon in may 1972. So with nat in mind wed still like to find out who did them. However, the statute of limitations is over for all of them. Except for the golden gate employs in california where a Police Officer was killed and nobody has ever been named. We closed the Weather Underground investigation in 1977, which is when i wrote the closing report, because the group had become defuncts. Also, in 1976, the fbi was involved in their biggest scandal in 47 agents were itch dyed do ited for illegal spying and disruptive behavior against the Weather Underground and by 1980, many of their leaders were able to come out, no one ever went to jail because no evidence could be used against them in court. And the same thing happened for daniel ellsberg, one of the other people i interviewed who had released the pentagon papers and was going to trial for treason, but of course the early plumbers had broken into this psychiatrists office and bugged the phone of morton who was a friend of ellsbergs and when these revelations came out in court, ellsbergs case was dropped, and instead of else boring going to jail and the Weather Underground going to jail, watergate occurred and in many ways nixon and hoovers war against the Antiwar Movement morphed into what became a regular habit of dirty tricks, and eventually got the better of them. But i a lot of the people i interviewed believed that it nixons focus on the everyone war movement and his enemies lit, if you look at who is on the list, many were members of the movement. Really got the better of him and was very much a precursor to watergate. So thats all i have for now. Id love to take can he and hear everybodys 60s stores. [applause] does anyone have any stories theyd like to share or any of grow any of these places and events . I lived in the palo alto, senior in high school in 19ful and on the day of the first moratorium, butch of students went out and picketed but the school went on and i had a boyfriend who was very glib and he went out and some person came walking up the sidewalk and started enter acting with these people and telling them they were crazy and why were they doing . So all these kids were gaging ganging up on this man and my boyfriend took his side just for fun, and argued back and was so in the man pulled out a 20 bill and handed it to him. Wow. That. I have question. You spent a lot of time talking about the violent part of the 60s. I didnt hear any mention of the dorothy day catholic worker side of that. Thats true itch focused on this particular year and so the events events of that year, many of them were quite violent. The berrigan brothers were on the run during this year and mary moylan and that great group of catholic organizers mcallister. My gosh. I spent two years in denver federal prison for two terms you used made my skin crawl. Draft dodger and dodgers do a terrible draft evaders. What are the correct theres a big difference. Dodger is basically has been used by the bad guys. Or trump. I know. And what we why were you in prison. Refusing induction in the vietnam war. Turned 18 in 1964. Primetime, but i also later on [inaudible] to try. So you didnt want to have the white skin privilege. That was part of it going to vietnam because they felt it was the thing to do but they had no choice. So in one way or another they were putting their life on the line. I could not not put something on the line, and the only thing i had to put on the line was me, and the only way could i do that was to get myself classified 1a so they would try to draft me. I actually burped my draft card aft white hal station. Was a bit of a thorn but just before moving to boston and dan just died. I know. And his funeral was streamed on the internet. It bothered me when i kept hear draft dodgers. It was like i wanted to scream. Should have just raised your hand. I almost did but my friend was thank you for sharing that. And that i wanted to interview dan berrigan but he was about 92, and i didnt wasnt able to get to him, which was an omission. I was at cornell and the thing that went on there. I was just looking at the life magazine that had guns on camp put on the cover, and some people that i knew were on the other side of the equation and trying to get the black students out of hall which hey had taken over and were heavily armed. Heavily armed, and i had given last night i was talking to someone at an event in historic new england, and i dont know as a precursor to tonight we were both talking about how we went in certain directions and i talked about how i had used in a lecture an image of the cornell daily sun with those guys walking out with their ban band heres and coming out of that and the editor and was jed suckerman, note producer of so i was just wondering how that and the black studies things and other fit into your narrative. I didnt do cornell because that happened a little bit before but i interviewed panther members who then left the panthers, who didnt who kind of didnt really buy in. I interviewed Julia Fletcher who was a member of North Carolina and very much against what the panthers were do and i tried to get and interview Erica Huggins who was part of the new haven nine and had again to jail for a year with beeny seal and she was fascinating. Tried weave as much of that into the whole story, and all of these are their own huge stories, and part of what i tried to do was show the i mean, the sense i got was everyone had their niche experience, but the same time so many other many revolutions and moms were going on at the same time. So i by sticking to a chronology i tried to weave different stories together. I have a chapter on feminist movement which started in 1970 and grew out of the Antiwar Movement and robin morgan was early spokesman for women. And so i wanted to show kind of the global reach of this great refusal that was going on. And i couldnt go that deep really, and then i couldnt do the environmental movement, of course. Which was in april of 1970. So that felt like almost another book but definitely grew the land movement, organic farming, communes, was also in reaction to a lot of the ugliness of the Antiwar Movement and the violence on the streets, and so people were just changing their lives personally and that was their political statement in a way. So first of all, thank you for a really remarkable achievement. Its sort of like youre writing about a lot of what im sure im not alone lived through. Not to get into it too much detail but, yes, was a member of the sds. Joined sds as a high school student. My best friend was david frye who was my gosh. One of the four people who blew up the Army Research center in madison. I went to new york and was an sds in new york, and ed geld golds father was my doctor because if you were part of the movement he was a doctor and said go see eds father. And i met fred hampton. An amazing honor to be able to say that. To decide whether to have what they called a medical presence at what came to be known as the days of rage in chicago, which were being organized by thestill called weathermen and fred hampton showed up and tried to persuade them not to support it, and was incredibly charismatic and obviously still had a lot of love for the people who were weathermen. So the irony is, the panthers didnt want the weathermen to get militant. They realize it was a dead end but the weathermen were doing it in a way to defend the panthers. Right. So without going into the whole story, but the split in sds that led to rim one, which weathermen, and rim two, and people joined people in rim two and went to chicago to the other side of town, not the dramatic stuff in downtown trashing, but a rally where fred hampton spoke. I should have interviewed you for the book. Well both of you. But i want to ask you about a couple of the mentions of the police, the governments repression, and one had to do with sds. The fracturing of the the disintegration sds is crucial is in story of 69 and 70 and the dissipation or fracturing of the movement. Ive done a little bit of anecdotal research. Were you able to come up with much information about the role of the government, the fbi, in helping to foment that fracturing at the National Convention of sds in the summer of 1969 . Then led to weathermen. Absolutely. Then the second thing is the hard hat demonstration. I was at nyu. We took over a building after kent state may 8, 1970. Demand that nyu put up bail for one of the black Panther Party 21, and people had taken over computer and said to the university, if you dont put up this bail something is going to happen to the computer, and the timing of the deadline was to coincide with a feeder march down to what bill the socalled hard hat violence, and there is now been released a million documents in Police Surveillance documents in new york city. They found these they discovered rediscovered a million documents from this perfected period of the red squad activity inside new york in there are believed to be details about the hard hat protest, which begs the question, where was the working class in all of this . Were they just hardhats who hated the protesters or was this manipulated and was there a strong working class element in the Antiwar Movement that we dont know as much about as maybe we should . Right. Well, thats a very good question. Did not delve into the into finding out what the fbi or the red squads hadwith sds but there is a lot of new documents coming out, and so i think that i know theres new book coming out on the Weather Underground that is all based on new documentation thats been revealed, fbi documentation and that may also have