Professor and keith richards. [laughter] ill use his voice. [laughter] and they go to fewport, rhode island newport, rhode island, in the blazing august of 1790 and famously, they have a wonderful visit and a great letter has been written to them by the leader of the synagogue there which is really a beautiful place if youve never been there, jewish or not jewish. Present this kind of rhetorical new skate they would live in an empire of laws and so on. Its very, very touching and the famous phrase of persecution sanction, to bigotry no assistance were it not the other way around. We have now a country where every man can let beneath his vine and fig from the bible. Washington writes back this wonderful use of political recycling, deeply america where washington says its a wonderful truth and knowledge of any country to which persecution gives no sanction in bigotry, no assistance as if hes just up. Its the first president ial, but not the last preachers are. Jefferson did though, this episode at that point wouldve been aware of a remarkable tradition, which is kind of behind it away much of what has to do with areas in the two volumes, second which is being written messieurs peak. In the hebrew republic. Some of you may know about this. It was first written about in italy in the second half of the 16th century by a tired hellishly christian critics of the reformation. So this is very popular. Theres a wonderful man who ive not written a lot about who i believe charmingly is the first gentiles to echoes the more implausible bragging, which jewish writers were committed in late antiquity, which assume that all of Greek Culture to greater aristotle and the whole send it the greeks gave the world could only have been accomplished if they read the torah and the jewish bible and thats a wonderful reputation. Every day worth while in civilization of two jewish origin and let their loved about the hebrew public, at which they meant the god of moses as a civil magistrate, charming and what they noticed about the initial governments whose they thought of it is trained wandering the desert as there was no king. Of course they were jewish kings who come along, but these chance he and of the idea the hebrew republic was different to the idea of the civil magistrates magistrate to the chief authority, mimic god himself. When eager to king, king david saw solomon already trampled. Famous for his pic and others. Some followed the temple, but neither raised so on. They were interested in thinking about this primordial constitution of day described in very thinking terms is the kind of senate. Theres a lovely vote for the harvard personal theorist and eric nelson for those learned many learned to disarm. In tradition by which carry some sort of civil government, which then provided a nonroyal model not people model for the rest of the road has a mixture or kind of life. Some of mr. The right in spite of italy. They quickly translated into english in particular and also into french. They influence on cromwell secretary, john milton. They therefore transmitted to john locke and mocking James Harrington dont know are the hardcore serious of righteous republican nixon in which Thomas Jefferson who wasnt assiduous by her work books from the williamsburg library, there is a Great Library in williamsburg, virginia as im sure you know. Jefferson undoubtedly noted. If financiers of ssa something i try to do to the point of the whole project was really too off review which was not just sent a sentimental cultural pluralism on my part, but im a sentimental cultural pluralist, tsutsumi. But actually, historically true that never left a separate life, even very orthodox unless they been forced from the cultures they been vetted by. Even if there was not my, but entirely poorer space. During the day and the shops in the ghetto. And shoes are not at the ghetto. What a surprise. Youll know you know the joke about president gold pack, dont you . Rain trouble now. The africanamerican president , woman president. Study says mom, youre coming to the maturation. She goes thats a long way. Ive got nothing to wear. Niemann that saks fifth avenue, niemann arcus up into air force one peers so she goes front of the capital stops in president goldblatt is taken overwrote just on the tour of the first diagnosis and she made the Israeli Defense forces would conquer their everyday one if they used the jewish elbow, jewish finger coming to jewish elbow. Dissent see that man she is [laughter] okay, digression. Surely not. The city who really need to have nothing left to do could check it out, simon schama tells jewish jokes are new to you. I was supposed between talk and sheer shimmer the hospital of humanity sinners are going to make the mistake to reading Sigmund Freud jokes in there relation to human conscious. One of the lease on their ever written. Turns out jokes are about sudden liberation of things weve are priced. I couldnt quite turn it down. Lovely lauren though who runs the same and i say so, i comment to live by and the bartender says british . Brooklyn. [laughter] i could go on. Sysadmin comes home at night misplaces crying her eyes out. This is socially, but a little filthy for philadelphia of course. Last night she is crying her eyes out. He says is true. We have a wonderful life. Since i know, but i like you. The truth is i wouldnt do these things if you just didnt want them. So they go to bed that night shall i loan . Subjected to bad. The morning ive had [laughter] i find it very difficult girl having such a good time. But back to earth. So there is this tradition really jews and not jews getting together here to read night that this is because it came out for the bbc moment and they wrote a book about jewish history and never in a seminar. This is not my main field, but our strength keep up with the william scholarships fit the book could not have been done without extraordinary research and archaeology lookaside description, intellectual in every other way. Jewish art history no longer the whole world of images is not only not bad by the second commandment is from the religious Community Tells you we dont do images in judaism that are historically profoundly wrong. The first half millennium of the synagogue as he pointed out in the Second Program citic is a transient images. Not just these mistake laws, which existed in 40 synagogues we know from north africa to persia, but also an extraordinary synagogue in syria. I wish we wouldve been able to still not. The occasional mishap in filming. Had a helicopter drop out. Picky, picky, paste. Well looked after at this incredible board professors ventures demagogues whether 40 or 50 were painting those most senates an extraordinary its the only archaeological trove, but it is quite clear in the first half millennium the second commandment was interpreted on idolatry, threedimensional idolatry. Not even not painted images of human folly. Humorless cnn, the calendar girls, as they call them slightly a reference to the women dressed in this isles of antiquity, representing the seasons in the months. I wanted to bring to the stories cited concern about amish in the bbc asked me to do it. But he refused the television surveys, and an unforgivable sin for a zero is deprived of the can thing of bbcs antisemitic and i was very happy with phoebus enthusiastic of 1 million get there at all. But my fellow coreligionists in britain in a very Small Community and is very conscious that the reason to jewish history for most people, its true in the United States, too, is essentially the brains to socalled contentious issuance of the holocaust. But what that command . Domestic hamas juries were commands reference. Its not anything good about it properly heavies consists out. Mideastern israeli conflict exercise socially in europe have found one of political passions. Get laid, i wanted to avoid one point and program three, which next tuesday actually save contacts at 1897 congress. I say i am a zionist and this is a shocking thing to say it. But the commentators commentators on the program said it was amazing to hear him say that. He faced the camera and say i have a. It was sort of an extraordinary admission to recover the term. Stop sulking around. If anybody knows what i feel, i am not uncritical. I love and support what israel is. Most of my wonderful israeli many israeli friends feel the same way. First show your teeth and then titus is somewhat to legitimate fans had this idea that policy. I wanted to say look, the story is bigger than not. Above all, she wishes to reducer his release to. Pretty much any time to think theyve not been separate in the the way they look. They wrote greek philosophy. Theyre trying to bring together the jewish tradition. It wasnt all about her titus children. There is another sense actually thats really important. It is sometimes exaggerated in the United States, but it doesnt necessarily mean at the core of this wary is not in some deep sense true. That is to say antizionist but the next leaking into really ripe old discussing antisemitism. And polemics of israel attaching themselves come and not just thinking of cartoons, which have. Some other arab press, but also to send to which israel is protect good because it do control the media hollywood and this really old monstrous, preposterous madness. And that is becoming more of the antisemitic parties. You all know about that. We are not, believe me, even in france. He noted mind most about diego made . The french comedian who does his famous can now. How many cooks here . Cannot essentially is the oak was so basically is poached pike dumpling. Hes taken my taste away really for which i will never or give him. So i wanted to do this and there is dissent also but if youre jewish and historian guido and after a jewish history, of course you dont did it took me was writing when i finished the first volume is thinking about being a little jew and reading the biography as historical text as a kid. Let me take you back to an afternoon in 1951 when i was walking with my lovely dad passed a station and against the wall you could see the kind of ghostly letters, much could it, just to pick initials, p. J. I said was that . He said something, send it in. Now explain, under explain. We went back home and he said stands for parish today. This bear. The cisco can put their by fascists who got outside of london and had quite somehow manage to vanish. It is good early on that there were two kinds of histories that have been really beaten about during the world jewish history in this history, but not both been out for the count. Somehow theyve are in a weird way connected. I remember my dads bookshelf trial and error state they are side by sidebyside sidebyside with churchills history of the englishspeaking peoples. But it occurred to me as i grew up that churchill was to cemex and to be desired as part of a also because he felt himself so in aged and found that but the intense and almost arrest across the jewish tradition. Heritage. The nobility of history, its more granger indecency and strength in western tradition started as the word is stored in a forensic inquiry and a sense of storytelling. The first paragraph is to rescue from the oblivion of time. But it is a tough or not. He is a retired general and a great masterpiece of the peloponnesian wars is structured to move towards the catastrophic moment of hubris for the overreach of athenian power comes to britain in the expedition juicier accuse. The tradition of history, the grandeur is that it should keep you awake at night. It is again play to the powerful. Cement not to make you feel a kind of cuddly gloom of pride in who you are. It doesnt have to do that, even jewish history. But its meant to you ask hard questions about your past as well. Jewish history, the bible itself. Talks back with understandable bafflement and ended nation to god and jonah and moses without being chosen and so on. So they said is a tall man as a great example of jews communicate by mutually agreed interruption. That is what happens on a single page of the taliban as my lovely friends said in the program, a rabbi from the 11 centuries arguing with russia for a rabbi from the century. So it goes on. So the sense of the contentiousness in this argument is also a wonderful part of the jewish tradition. So what i wanted to do with the project with these things. Because i reflected as a child that they are best for the first of churchill sees three, made immediate family wouldve been destroyed as many of my mothers family, my mothers mothers family were destroyed in vienna and that history has been for the jews. It cant of course actually stop the annihilation of individual masses of bodies, but the jewish tradition, the jewish tradition is about the protection and conservation of our tradition but actually what gives us identity and thats really the most that is what this sort of powerful about. So the jewish story is really caused leaving related to survival and endurance. Jews have known in the send of what theyve experienced to be part of the worlds most difficult issues how do peoples of different beliefs share the same living space . Gypsies and take your pick of those have suffered similar atrocities and miseries. But we have been unique actually and that inadvertently or not, the portable word, the word that can be written in the school of the torah can be wrapped up and moved along with a set that was into babylonia, too many other places in exile and that indeed would endure about finished later on with one wonderfully moving modern story for the Second World War but that happened. So i wanted to tell you which, complicated, more inclusive story and i also wanted somehow to present jewish history is more than simply an endlessly repeated cycle. Those who sought the medieval writ large. You know, it he absurdly counterintuitive to say that weve not had to deal with repeated suffering. Its quite true in the sanctification of the name in the suicide reality in jewish history. So those of you who saw the medieval old i started with this place and a spectacular bicycle in another beautiful, eliminated rival in the collection here in the library just before dinner was great. It is produced in less than, magnificent sort of moment biblical epiphany almost farming. In the beginning of the film i wanted to show you to this great bible that was produced in curving out, northwest spain in 1476, 16 days before the expulsion of spain with no sense around the corner. I know we are suitcase ready religion and people, but as they say in the book, but prepare for the worst without assuming what happened. Where one of the least fatalistic people that theres ever been. So i wanted to really automate a sure sense of tragic experience inflicted as well so that what happens, especially in a country the United States with a catastrophe god willing has not happened. When you flip it, even in moments of disaster and calamity, what appears to be an extraordinary tenacious grip on the vitality of life, an amazing sense of creative, cultural regeneration we sometimes see even in the worst, for example. So this is the case where, you know, our instincts that we somehow have the capacity and the determination to make things survive, even when we know we might not survive in bad times. There is a wonderful story, a great talk about it and about the historians. The furniture show you the last clip and ask for your questions, which i know will be almost polar species. There are a lot of jews here. This is what happened. There was a moment, a young historian called simon duke noss. He found himself in the gato casino is established in the spring, early summer of 1840. And he had been working on a been a great archive of yiddish life, jewish life in poland and now is a social historian, he was in at the party is neither antizion are, but essentially been missed. What he did was to work with an organization that is in the ghetto called the align his. Another great, helping ourselves, which was the way for people under stress with omitted food and medicine that wasnt the whole guide to the had appointed and this kind of heroic organization. It organized president s to have their own committee meetings, which was full of argument, even in extremists. But every afternoon they met to discuss terrible things. How many bodies are on the street, what medicines were available, what food was available for the children. But they kept on the music in schools of this extraordinary cultural fluorescence, but the degree of cultural resistance to being destroyed morally spiritually as well as physically for astonishing unheroic. The one point, ringo berman has fran know they are not going to survive, not least is there going to be part of the rebellion in the ghetto that breaks out in april 1943. So they start to have the records in the hoisin, the apartment block committees and buried them. It is an incredibly moving mother britain, saying if only he would be alive today than uptrends are brought out and broken open. Its almost like the dead sea scrolls, isnt it . These records are what actually happened in the ghetto to see the light of day. He knows. These are secular jews. There were rabbis among them. That he knows he would done his duty by the commandment. Are there any religion where we are commanded and should not in the bobble, the exodus and again in deuteronomy to remember is a fundamental duty of jews to pass on this story two generations. This is that the people wanted to do. Amazingly, one of them didnt survive. The goldblum and, all of them perished in the flames. But one fellow jumping off the train and he that the 1950 people that to the side and are now in the prize exhibit on the polish cherry double the next year and 2015. So this instinct really is telling the story of what is on through time remain from the haggadah to this modern historical epics. So deeply imprinted on our cultural bloodstream. There are moments having said that words are lifeblood i still see in this last clip. I just played this short clip or worse, as i say, the subtitle of the first book is finding the words. Currently about the bible and other text, too. And a little overdetermined and possibly even fatalism said jews dont necessarily have. We spent a lot of time thinking the programs and of course we didnt have to want to have vital program, mostly because theyre extraordinary films and documentaries on auschwitz and so wanted up a magnificent on the show. It didnt seem to me to make a whole holocaust to destroy the discussion by which i mean other peoples obsession. Its almost a hint of victory to the nazis. I say in program 536 million in the string, that is 6 million defeats for the eyes. That is how i like to think about it. We did think about the holocaust, you know, makes an impact on the last three films next week. We decided we would film on the holocaust in israel. In the city of remarkable because everything stops. Everything stops exactly where it is. Cars dont park. They simply stop and get out of the car. Every year garrisoned idea who doesnt notice people have stopped and goes straight to the back. But not many do. So everything stops on this hole torn in the sky. Jewish existence, jewish history is an endless dialogue between the fence of a special destiny, but really the destiny of pizza but due to provide the world as well as ourselves with effective Ethical Principles right way to live by in the search for an ordinary life. Thats why i began my book in egypt. Not with abraham, which might be with abraham next story was written. Probably a thousand years after it was reported to have happened. Maybe true, maybe not. But the elephant tenia jews, people in search of a happily debilitates a book on the day out property land disputes, with rv about wilson marriages and wedding people do. So in the holocaust day come that there this terror. To some extent the old dialog is the dialog now between tel aviv and jerusalem between contemporary that in providentially appointed place. The most secular jew and tel aviv response of rosh hashanah, even if he never goes to the sense of providential destiny and their sub even many religious, but also just want a peaceful life. Of course jews do. The ordinary life is this whole misguided into the sky comes the death start of the memory for two minutes. I wanted to, believe it or not, i wanted to shut up and i wanted to stop talking i know wanted to dare be almost no commentary, no music. We gave cameras. Judaism is a communal shared religion. We are not a silent religion. It was noticed very early on how much chattering and goes. But we are a religion. We make noise to signal we are live. From the beginning, from the time they are public and communal and vocalized out loud. So i wanted in a sub spirit to gave cameras to kids in film schools which is what what we did in tel aviv and say go to a hospital. The troop barracks, go to his school, film two minutes in realtime. Film a little before had a little after it will put it together. You know, i am my worst critic quite rightly of my own work in film by solace on the written page. But im quite proud of this little piece. It is what the kids the fifth film and pretty much the rest i think speaks for itself. Lets hear from you. Hes coming with mike for anybody wanting to. While a kurd, i suppose. Why not. How many clicks okay. Hes got a question . Yes, theres the gentleman there. There we go. [inaudible] you thinking about the comedians . And thinking about the gentleman who was attacked leaving the synagogue. The assassination. Apparently spread of a larger pattern of antisemitism. Do you have any comment on this . Is the monstrous monstrous, deplorable atrocity. I dont know what i could possibly say. Its obviously a horrific nightmare. Does it indicate that there are, you know, there are thousands of people who come prepared no, absolutely desperate. They are maniacs. But their maniacs who kill with guns. Its true with the racial groups, but as i said early on, is there a problem with antizionists antifeminist . They cant chemistry with the yarmulke. But its not the case in europe. I mean commander is definitely a problem. It is essentially a problem because you have a kind of. Published, often less educated north african population living in and of me and alienation of destitution in some horrible places. The first satanist friends destined to be a new third right, if he wins the election for which he probably will, the answer is no. Will that be horrors around europe . Possibly. But when you hear a story, its very important not to see the kind of template, which repeats itself over and over again. There are calamities, atrocities, mysteries, but they were there a particular way. So im not making light of the awful thing to which you have just alluded. But its also important to always see it for what it is, rather than have her. I dont want to see it right, but both are we the practice that dont be shiite, but she is not an enemy of the jews. I dont know if its any consolation or not. Do you want to ask a question . [inaudible] well, not a parade in the middle of terrorists. But split the throes of jews. Okay, when are you i need exact date and hard facts about that actually. Email me. There wasnt. [inaudible] yesterday . There is a parade yesterday saying get the jews out of france . Okay, what is missed it. Does anybody else know about this . Okay, honestly, this is news to me and its a big surprise. Bursa parade exactly . Im genuinely asking for information. Okay, this is a neoorganization . In paris . [inaudible] okay, okay. I still think the third right is not intended in paris. The truth is im surprised i did read the New York Times page to page today to seem to be really weird this event has gone missing from the press. Anybody else read this . Since this gentleman is the only one that knows about it. Ive not seen it didnt happen. I expect hard facts and details via email to my address tomorrow or you are in trouble. Okay, next question. [inaudible] the coverage of the frenchcanadian has been very negative. Yes, its been all over the press. Right, right. It is a proper place. Theres no doubt about it. The attempt because the french government behaved very well in this district interior for hate crimes and of course is a very difficult thing. I was enormous popularity. So its a very, very tricky thing to deal with. I dont think he could make hatred disappear by criminalizing it. Maybe you cant make it disappear altogether. But what you have to do is, you know, educate people. I know that sounds very highminded, but partly this kind of exercise have been involved in is not direct to the those who are just really stocking she really have to do the broad Mental Center to educate. We are not underresourced in terms of Educational Programs by the holocaust anywhere in the world. We shouldnt give up of course. All they can do is tell the shares. Im going to stop for a second. Partly, this is currently i have made this program to change. So hi maam lucia garde pass the church on sunday and there is a sign outside saying 50dollar bonus for signing. He came back and forth. Jewish, not jewish. How bad can it be quiet she says its still disgusting, but times are hard. So 20 minutes later he comes back and said so how that quiet Prime Minister said its all right. And she says 25. Said that all you jews inc. About. Money, money, money. [laughter] [applause] yes, it is so very. So folks, if youd like to get a book, i run upstairs. Please join me in thanking simon schama. [inaudible conversations] commandments, Lake Forest University professor, said three. She discusses her biography of r. J. Reynolds tobacco co. And his wife, catherine. He talks about the couples influence to early 20th century and Catherine Reynolds philanthropic pursuits after rj status. This is about 40 minutes. Michelle gillespie, who is r. J. Reynolds . R. J. Reynolds assayed original tobacco manufacturing United States in the late 19th century he was selling chewing tobacco and he became the best manufacturer chewing tobacco in the entire country. Host how did he become that . Is the second timeout of 16 children of a tobacco planter before the civil war who owned over 50 slaves. The largest slaveholder and patrick county, virginia
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