Charter schools are run by forprofit entities. That is a very different environment. In the environment there is so much mistrust so i think any time he gets into charter he brings in a chain and this is the beginning of a different sort of an effort. But from the outside it does not smell right. So much of the issue is localized so would his uniform if we create more space for a public Charter Schools and they are Public Schools with the autonomy they should be held to the same transparency standards. To the greatest extent possible any City Building space for a district to be better and for Charter Schools to be innovative need to create the most level Playing Field possible. And to be transparent as they can be and that is the biggest tragedy. When the Chicago Teacher strike was happening the title of the article is a part of buses dying in chicago. Of wind things like that happens our ongoing ability to maintain tenuously a hold on a Democratic Society admits to a larger engine of a capitalist society becomes gravely threatened it is something we should take very seriously with eyes wide open. And to the extent possible we should not throw too many babies out with the bathwater and for those of us that are the most passionate we have to help them understand what are nonnegotiable is and the positive next step can begin. [inaudible] obviously this has different implications for the jury to man charters with the relationship with the traditional public. I am curious about your thoughts with respect to private schools that is said huge question i know. So full disclosure i ran the illinois a nonprofit for a couple of years and i fell into that role. Looking for a job and i wound up doing that because the recipient of the scholarship got me into the academy where i worked. And through that experience of understanding that private voucher in the idea with public funds i thought it was appealing and i had this feeling of social justice then that led a but but i had the malevolent right wing people on my board who i could talk with but there are misguided and ulterior motives as far as the real aim and the real goal. I just want to give you that background to pose that question as far as a you think what promises occur compared to private school. To thank you for rolling with the microphone cspan is years of this conversation will continue for insomniacs and hotel dwellers. [laughter] i said this to others who were kim private schools and i taught in both when i was in the classroom. To me, every private school must have a Public Mission and it is not visiting a Senior Center and collecting canned goods. If Charter Schools have a little more freedom than Public Schools to think about what they do then you can do whatever you want to. To me the Public Mission of education is the ultimate laboratory for how to do teaching and learning and to do is in the environment to be very explicit the thinking of the ways in which your wisdom might be exported if you have an amazing place that can only exist here that is great for the people that go here and stops here. In fairness it doesnt stop off because all the and people that graduate can radiate out to do amazing work you see my point that not only in packs the young people but starts to help other folks who dont have the freedom to do their work more effectively that is the way private schools can proactively contribute to that cycle. They cannot be irelands the past to be the ultimate frontline laboratory to figure out how to do this. We need more innovative thinking now the schools are children and grandchildren are attending will look very different because the world will be really different it is speeding up and to me that is the ideal role to play. Were almost at the time may be one or two more questions. I have a 13 yearold daughter in we have embarked on the madness of bicycles in chicago and it is sheer madness. With a handful of schools that created the best students with hundred percent Graduation Rates in those handful of schools. Then a majority of schools that a 55 Graduation Rate then is 45 struggling neighborhoods. You mentioned in the context than the need to discuss race and class and the deeper issues that are challenging. How do we begin to tax those things that have been so embedded and are so ingrained and in a segregated city like chicago . How do we begin to change that . Do you have an idea . I think we need a lot of support from not just schools but i work with the ymca, nonprofits, Community Organizations to change the paradigm. Theres a lot of paid in the motion in anchor in the motion with people struggling in communities that are struggling and violence. We live here i dont have a good answer. I thought about that before and this needs to be tackled them preschool because that is the time where kids how these ideas the few misconceptions about the world. And still to try to encourage empathy through preschool and my hope is that as students go through preschool to become more empathetic individuals their logo into high school with the much more empathetic background to lead them more in tune to the issues you brought up but is people simply willing to recognize their presence and talk about them. Anybody else . It seems there were those who wanted to offer their own wisdom. Not to debate your points but the other are points out threeyearold are capable of acting performing racist acts basically. Not that i have the solution that that is right we have to start the conversation but the majority population has to be the leaders as people are set up and it is time to get it going. First with regard to preschool washington nbc is one end with a policy solution as universal preschool to begin. A population of 800,000 before the riots. Then 500,000 and it stayed there 40 years. I move their 2001 and as right around thing started to change so the population is over 600,000. Rising tax base which means six years ago we passed universal preschool and because we were only 600,000 things are possible that have become harder in a city like chicago but now 75 percent of eligible threeyearold and 90 percent of eligible for yearold are enrolled in preschool. That is a start. Also people say preschool is it too late. Your question seeks to something larger but just talking about kids there are organizations doing work zero through three years of age working with parents helping them to think about how to better support the needs of their kids. A professor at yale was on a path to becoming a medical doctor who grew up in a portable were middleclass community, and neither parents were College Graduates but he and his siblings all have 12 degrees. As he was about to become a doctor he looked at the kids he grew up with. Not only did they have multiple degrees but they were in jail or in a different direction. There were just as smart. Why did we succeed in and day feat failed . He concluded they were under developed. The parents were doing the best they could bet because of all the other pressures in a limited their abilities to meet the needs of their kids they didnt have that Developmental Foundation to be successful where even though he came from a poor family he did it and succeeded and thrived. To the extent it is possible for cities to kraft a policy that is much more intentional to help adults meet that developmental needs of children, it is important but anybody see in the wire on hbo . Great show. Maybe the best show ever. Truly. Lots of people say that but the reason i love that show there is lots of compelling characters but the primary character are the systems that are interacting in the city of baltimore and holding everybody prisoner the drug trade, Public Schools, and media, municipal government government, and police. We primarily see the way you can never hope to address education without paying attention to these other things. To the extent that we the people start to demand and hold elected officials more accountable to a systematic policy approach, we will be struggling for a while. That is the biggest thing to say as a final point but in that sense there is no short cuts. We cannot fix Public Education 11 added for willis and in poverty. We can fix Public Education with the biggest discrepancy since the gilded age we cannot fix education when the ways in which we tried with his plutocracy and democracy. And then of these things that they can begin in our own public can private lives to be more conscious said visible to bear witness to what we see, then lf at least we can 0n on the best questions to get us closer to the vision from over 200 years ago. Thank you for coming. The book is available on amazon. Com if not please follow up with me. [applause] [inaudible conversations] booktv it is on the campus of Duke University endure North Carolina where we talk with professors and scholars about some of their books and joining us is Deborah Hicks said teachers odyssey for for america what do you do here first of all . I have a couple of things. I am part of social Science Research institute that is a unit composed of people doing research into a friend disciplines. I am also a social entrepreneur and directed nonprofit called page partnership for appellation in Girls Education and there i work with girls and middle schools so in of the bunch of different hats. Host social entrepreneurialism added new term . If think it was cleaned as of very widely used term. But for nonprofits in the nonprofit sector. Host how are you get involved with appellation and girls in middle school from North Carolina . That is a long story that i wrote about but growing up as of working class a was the first to my family to go to college that was a big step. And then to go to college to do super well and ended up finally after stumbles and falls to get a graduate degree from harvard that journey that i experienced myself came back to North Carolina and founded this nonprofit. Host when you work with the girls what you do . I teach. The people who work with me have the out of School Opportunity in the most to promote part of the mountains come to the intensive Summer Program with weekly meetings with volunteers and we offer these girls to dont have the opportunities for Summer Learning enrichment for the Educational Program in us summer from over North Carolina and Madison County they write and read the literature with intensive learning experience through the nonprofit that i direct. Host in the road out who are the characters . Guest seven very amazing and special girls i got to know what was teaching in cincinnati. I ended up getting a teaching job bin Cincinnati Ohio and there i discovered a Pretty Amazing neighborhood of appellation people in the inner city. When you have people were looking for jobs and i was teaching and found out that we went there and said to the people at the Public Elementary School would you let me could we teach the kids . I began teaching and got to know these seven girls. The first time i met them there in second grade i follow them into third grade and fourth grade and then i said to them do you want to have a class of your own . They said yes we will try so i began reading with seven of them in total we met every week and during the summer every year of their life and it is an amazing experience for them having a room of their own to study and read the literature mostly i listen to the girls dream about their lives a place where they could dream and tells stories. Host how are the girls similar with out a lot of life . There the poorest of america end children. I left cincinnati in 2009. And then to learn cincinnati was the third world worst city for child poverty. So one of the cities and parhe poorest cities and part of that is the appellation in poverty so many of them have moms who had a son of a drug issues and poor White America is seems to be centered around the abuse of prescription painkillers like epoxy content. So many of my Young Students had moms who were doing drugs and that is a common factor among the girls. Host how did that affect their outlook long life . Their dreams . Guest for many of the girls they were in essentially or fend to roxie continental and american party. So i was there teacher we became like a family to them and they became like sisters sometimes i had to be like a teacher but it was very into mint. At 1. 2 of the girls one was blair the other one adriaan that they put their arms one another and said were sisters. I said to them and i often began class with food and i said what makes you sisters . They said we just figured out both of our malls or on the streets doing drugs. So for them we had become a family and the class was their sisterhood. Host did it reflect was wet you grew up with . I was a workingclass girl no one had been to college and my family and was very workingclass. My dad had a job and he lived with the family. Host is that rare . Guest i think it was, in those days and he did tend to have family is with the data and down, and he was living in the house and had a job because the girls that i taught the this is not part of the everyday lives and the moms were starting to lose it because of the drug issue. So it is similar to what you see with other urban families for them to do step been a and one of my students i read about her grandmother was her central character and that was common. Host how did you get out to college . Education. I have to be very grateful. I was very naive workingas