Lets not move too fast. This was 1938. Civil rights activist to are disobeying segregation codes in the south my first question is what led you to write about this subject so arcade you may not even be able to see copies . Is struck me odd that the president did United States across decades talked about in the wars the of the Intelligence Community they do not talk about the president s daily brief there is a disconnect their the most famous coming after a 9 11 with the 9 11 commission revealed what it looks like him but has to do with terrorism before and 11 but nobody has put together the pieces the press statements made and how the use the book and the differences across administration and is struck me the story that can be told the right way the interesting thing is the people who worked on it 30 or 40 years ago but you cannot talk about this even within the Intelligence Community it is that secret the work of the daily brief is classified and the funny thing is that was the policy when he who is director he classified the president s daily brief. He said of course, i didnt i thought it was already there is the impression that is no secret but the daily but going to the president is not secret. With the president s daily brief gives people an understanding of what were talking about. Every day historically looking at the Central Intelligence agency produced for the president a book cutting edge analysis on a clandestine collections communications intercept satellite imagery to put all that information together what the president needs to know that they going on in the world mib a crisis or a pending two or a longerterm issue you need to be aware of this dynamic because we have the ability to affect it now. The state is compiled and several dozen articles around the world the format and the delivery style has changed that is where the book comes from but the message is the same of truth to power with an accurate analysis to the president of the United States normally just a handful of people. Cry was impressed with the amount of research that you did to get the subject. It is interesting to share that with the audience for what we are hearing. Although i had experience with the president s daily brief the book is not a memoir from those who use pdb the most ideal former living president s and Vice President s the vast majority of Central Intelligence the white house chief of staff those the regularly had even within the white house are the cia did not. It came directly the president s who were reading it i supplement to that with research ago to the president ial library to read through the files that has been declassified by the National Archives as well. The california has declassified millions of documents from the era before the ethics severance how the pdb was used in the reception into the meetings that the officers went to. And how the document has evolved and developed over the years. Host periodically we have heard from the white house i didnt hear anything more than i read in the New York Times this morning but it gives the president very vegas intelligence statute which correspond with something from the New York Times. We will talk about different aspects but how much is a few a full view what is going on in the world . Chances are the press is pretty good. Therefore a the the president s dailt briefing if you talk about north korea looking at open source is jim. So that is one of the great period mrs. But those who have president read it several did tell me it was a much better than the New York Times. Or the New York Times was better ill not deny their interpretation but you will not see in New York Times is a way as others. We never saw producing the pdb said he would get the play when it was like the paris terrorist attack we never saw the role but to try to give a different kind of take of what is going on in the world spin again to give a tutorial that may be the case to be determined but the primary purpose of the president s daily brief is to give insider the dynamics what is actually going on that may be different than it appears . That comes from analysis and isnt a fact that the interpretation not just give the data dump of information but from the agenda is a different goal. Speaking truth to power with the timely objective the National Security advisers and others have you run across that information was cut but with a new way and ridden away to support the president that they were hedging their views because they are fighting a war in vietnam . Generally it is the opposite. People told me they would read things in the president s daily brief the policy says he will move forward and intelligence says the of facts to support that are not there. Just like vietnam reporting going on now with the president s policy with the vision of iraq that had us steady drumbeat the policy is not working well based on what we see on the ground and then they said keep it coming. They may not like reading that but it was meant to help them in the case is where the people complained more often it was i want even more insight where it is on a random third world capital. You think everyone should collect that information sometimes you will get Bad Information later. I want more on this. Host there was a course concluding of his personal views but never invited back. I think it would be interesting how did pdb start . Of jfk became president they started getting a large stack of intelligence documents from the pentagon and everywhere he said the his advisers to i have to read it all . Clearly that would not work so to cia officers created for the president ial purposes based on personality and style to develop a document only what he needed to know rather than bureaucratic language and other items to come with government documents and a couple of days he liked it. That was the intelligence checklist is of the that has continued up through president obama met today. Sometimes he would read in bed at night and this is the part of the president s daily brief the delivery and production for who is serves president johnson like to read it in bed at night so it was sent late in the afternoon as he could read it in bed at night that he went back to the morning but it makes the point is the president s book if he wants it that night he will get it at night. If it is interpreted of audience a lot of officers will be learning how to dance. [laughter] my collection when he was sitting in the bathroom. [laughter] mentioning jfk having troubles with that situation it is difficult to sit for long periods. But also his advisers said he tried to get into new ideas and the be physically but he was so excited they he had an idea to go chase that down there for having a document something small and if he could folded in his pocket to carry around during the day if he was interested in something he can read the fourth few minutes that have that idea that an hour later pull it out and read it again. They designed it for his personality for that purpose. Richard nixon delivered every morning to the white house but it was there the night before because of Henry Kissinger he did want things to go to the president he had not seen so he told them to deliver the baby for is the advisers pointed out you realize that is a us 17 hour delay he said that was the of price to be paid for him to be on top of the information. I heard that they wanted to see the brief before. From the National Security adviser for jimmy carter delivered the president s daily brief as part of the National Security briefing each morning. Normally he saw that in advance and would talk about it but the director of Central Intelligence when he came into office to figure out the president is reading this every day i and the chief adviser shouldnt i be giving given intelligence briefing every morning . So they talked with a National Security advisers and he said you have a point but then went to the president s schedule the said intelligence briefing in rhode nationalsecurity briefing sinologist inc. The document in the issue was resolved. [laughter] one of the views that we take is the of very presentation by the director of Central Intelligence provided the president and opportunity to give us a direct feedback but was satisfied than not was not what they would like us to walk, that was it valuable feedback for the agency at the time. I dont know those or not. That was a big part. One means or another iowa was working for the of president not in terms of dont tell the bad news but in terms of their respective coverage or though length analysis. Is it many pages or one paragraph . That feed back is necessary ncaa working level officer if it is like georgy to be bush or george w. Bush for all eight years of his term then you get that directly directly, back to headquarters to say this is what the president did or how he reacted. If you dont have that did you have another mechanism for the National Security adviser in new hope they pass on any feedback and in some cases the president rights on the pdb itself that was president carter style. But on his copyright in the margins and ask questions then a copy of that would get back to the agency to figure out what the president really needs. There is so is the stories of reagan not doing a lot of reading the from those sources talking about that processing of the pdb. He was not much of a reader at all but we debunk that because his own diary show many comments about the pdb he would read it alone the remark on things that were in there and we have a cia historian who went into default and above all to read through the first 1,000 and found all kinds of marks with the underlying brackets and exclamation point and sometimes she would actually have questions as this is different from what i read of the previous page. That is different from the document. And to brief the president my recollection is on several occasions we produced some films particularly of foreign leaders. There is some evidence that Richard Nixon received a phnom and gerald ford may have banned carter certainly and reagan and that makes sense someone familiar with the entertainment industry. That they wanted to supplement the analysis but added a different way to tell the story. To introduce him to a foreign leader if your meeting with somebody yes talk about their background or their personality or how they interact with other people and that gives great insight into the person he is interacting with. But it depends on the purpose showing that charismatic speaker then show a video. Said reagan was not entirely wrong. One of the remarkable stories you tell us is pdb represents the views of the community but not the cia. That has changed over time is getting input although not required. They did not know the president was getting but in recent years that has changed the president s daily brief is the wider Intelligence Community and has been for more than 10 years and as such anybody in the Intelligence Committee can write for the prefab their briefers who receive it can come from city where the Intelligence Community from the way that it was previously always incorporated the big difference who was right to get up and delivery get . There is an ebb and flow in the beginning jfk with the National Security visors no one else saw it the secretary of state the secretary of defense the yegg giving orders based on that. It does little good if it goes to the president but they do not enact Foreign Policy so they got that in six months this so that they never got to was the Vice President but when they cut into office after the assassination of jfk he didnt know this even existed for those to read to brief him to introduce into the document it was pretty clear to him he was kept out of the lamp luc. You talk about a story with president nixon in. It is another case Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger kept it very tight therefore he has not been brought into the pdb but the director of intelligence came up with a series of briefings he walks them through it to work including the group that the cia of intelligence analysis and then with the copy of the president s daily brief data is that that is the president s daily brief it goes to the president every morning. Would you like to see it . Sure. Says now he tells his story he went to virginia every morning to talk about pdb at the Kitchen Table or in the car that when he became president he said i am keeping this. So bad is operations against the president. Would of the remarkable stories that you tell the president johnson was giving the tale of 67. And before it even started we dont think this will last longer than the sixday war it is separate a good analysis. With Richard Nixon as president there is a lot of tension in ago when non on the egyptian inside of the border and the analysis one morning was the Egyptian Military exercises at the time the president was ready yet they were invading israel it was a complete failure that led to many reexamination of intelligence with the book. You call it a book. You will see pictures read to see the president holding a spiral at the top sometimes found on the side he wanted much more late breaking information into be put into the book with a three ring binder you could put it a new report is set of something that the biggest j. J. Is this administration brought obama gets his pdb on the ipad. It is very special different from that home but it is said different way to get the information in the format across the decades. The thought of doing this 20 years before. I was digging through the files that a consultant for the National Security council that we can do this state where we have is being called a keyboard but you press the button for a longer story begins to page after page that you typed it in question and that the bell went to kissinger. He did not act on that and all. And they say you got this in 70 that was not fair by the way. For regulate blood dash recollection of that was over 40 years ago but why did you back . He said i did even know what a computer was at that point would not have worked. Quite remarkably read with your book published . And last september the cia released 2500 pdb at a conference sponsored by the diversity of of texas at austin i dont know if you have a chance to look at those you get the stories from the Vice President their briefers mca directors the most of the content is retrieved classified like a black hole you cannot see inside of it. But there is thus not during of some issues that have been declassified then the cia last fall said we will open everything from the Kennedy Johnson era about 80 percent of the material with those that are redacted or blacked out. Ill look through those it did change anything for historians then you have read trevor trove of materials if youre interested in the condo in the late 60s with every president since john kennedy that is a downer. But i definitely looked if it tastes our view during the kennedy era. What i expect to come forward to take a few digits of this specific information and every morning. Later this year by understanding ford and nixon will be released to the save the fashion that the remains classified for ever. In those involved in it for what could be released into history. I the guy obviously those within the workings of government to have a unique opportunity to speak very senior people and we are unique as a country to make so much over yet told our Senior Leaders and advisers what is going on in the world humans have developed some sense does the system work . Is in getting the right information . Is that a bureaucracy . And exact to have spending government yourself. What i learned from the people knew mattered most from the president s daily brief is how much they appreciated it to the technology in the production of the book and to a person they seem to appreciate their remember every other institution has a policy agenda. They want the president to back that early created to that application process that is why george h. W. Bush agreed to write the foreword of the book it was an e or the president s daily brief itself but to thank those who produce the book the only person to hold of repossessions would dash positions and said banks for those really rarely get credit for those without the ax to grind. Many people said i wish it had more i thought the cia had do everything that they would narrow that komen of the uncertainty. Really . We see only this are possible. Your answers have been stimulating but lets go to the audience i would ask you to wait for the microphone. Can you give us an idea is this set ted page document or 50 pages . People want to put the not sealer that quickly but just to get a sense of that. Had second they were brilliant and handsome and articulate is important but how did you get these people to talk . [laughter] i like that he and some brilliant part i asked. Simple. For i have a feeling most dont ask because it is a secret they wont talk about it. I also did my homework gets lots of the Archival Research to look into the details that i do not have an ax to grind. To say this is something i have access to to live the the history. Seven that was a Snowball Effect they go to a National Security advisor. Whod you talk to it to talk to a National Security advisor there are differing views would you like to get your view . Said of the they are cooperating. Some of them are working or teaching at universities sometimes i would say i liked to chat. Some are gatekeepers did you have to say you are serious in you what the omaha to tell their story that it was the case in the you already interviewed the National Security adviser that is much easier if that has already been lined up. I assume is certain with foreign intelligence does he receive a comparable briefing on domestic matters . That the president s daily brief is for intelligence nationalsecurity issues with foreign actors and there are a few exceptions as when it pops a bin the checklist is a very rare after september 11 pdb starts to shift to give information in from across foreign and domestic and that does make sense. 9 11 ruth was across borders and if he doesnt know it could do a disservice to the president. In terms of there is a counterpart of pdb with Domestic Affairs it depends on the issue. With the assessment of why matters the and domestic policies cover from aggregation and in dealing with congress that there is a presidency in the brief as director of the fbi the briefing form of a toplevel after september 11th he would get his pdb briefing in would receive the of brief every morning. To bring in the home is security talked so it was an extension of the briefing and also a key to National Security issues you mentioned early on in the debris for is contrary to the president s policies. Today change policy you will see the story in the book it is unclear if nixon even read the of pdb every day. Kissinger on one hand said it was great because i knew he had it but nixon ignored it but asking kissinger he said i am pretty sure he read it every day and gave me reasons why i find it hard he would not have. So we dont know but did he put some distance between himself because of what he was reading . That is a possibility but george w. Bush after the invasion of iraq started to get an analysis that things in iraq are just not going well and then the next day. It is easy as a human being to said one to read this anymore. Added to push the intelligence away he actually brings in more. Were the Intelligence Analyst with the Intelligence Community comes into the Senior Advisor about a specific asset access to dig deeper in the first 18 months 200 analysts have come on top of the president s daily brief so that is the case getting bad news to save more intelligence to help me out. It is hard to say because trying to find out what the actual policy impact was first as reading that and talking to a visors later in the day you just cannot get back raw data 24 7. In many cases than many other cases it is that black hole. My question is Senior Research that made most effective use . Can you give example . George h. To be bush. It was every working day for his entire term. That gave him the ability to engage a the briefing and ask for the deeper story but did not make it onto the deeper stage but they had to be prepared because they have a National Security team with a president who was Vice President for eight years so with people in the room those who were a senior officer to say it was an exhilarating experience if you get on the phone without a foreign leader to have a conversation or how we musings for word but also gave the ability to be comfortable enough with the intelligence to have some fun with that. But that election is in nicaragua the sandinista leader the analysts predicted he would win this and the president looked at the peace and said i dont think so. Then you take the wager so he explains why they feel that way and then the next day brings the icecream cone. Thanks for all your great work i get the impression the dealing the Daily Briefing of the forecast and i also infer from what you have said the Daily Briefing stayed away from specific recommendations . There is a difference between the analysis and policy recommendations and that is the very redline to realize you dont cross that line but to try to put together a mosaic of limited information and is part of the job with the ethics of analysis as soon as you cross that line to say here is where you should be doing that is the president or the National Security adviser to do the job of objective intelligence analysis to narrow that tone of uncertainty so that it can be made. That is the difference. I found some evidence from the 60s with the colloquial loose language eric can only imagine it was so bad with language so vague with language no explanation or details now based on the lessons of things like 9 11 itself and also to have some interest institutional efforts that we doubt it will lead now too much but there should be more robust answer with liability or source of the information. One over here. And with that timeline to deliver each day those are of a of a different stages. Talk about that evolution over time it has varied you have to give the president what he needs to know that morning therefore it can be breaking news we just got this report certainly around the world but it could also be reduced to have a policy meeting coming up this gets you thinking about these cinemax weeks or months ended payments. How long is it . That varied by president between jfk and Lyndon Johnson was one page all they need to know was these two or three stories then there are cases of dozens of major analysis and others nederlander if you are researching feedback this is what the president needs now most of the time it is not have the ability to have anything superfluous. Senate that is a great talk. I want to see if i could draw you out but here is what is said. In the late nineties and early 2000s i wrote for a the pdb and publicly if you see the article these the pieces tend to be longer and much less reportorial but more about underlying dynamics and scenarios do you have a sense how that transition happened . The general trend is right but there are counter examples you will find information on one topic and there are several president s but having a longer piece would have the pages of single bullets and then dropping and that followed. I had a feeling the president reads it ben thinks he is getting cranky. That i would like to get shorter pieces or he is asking more questions and should be inserted self. I have a feeling that is how would evolves. That happens during the transition with a sitting president from the president elect before they assumed office that means he says what is this book saying that does not actually work but with the transition had we just the president s daily brief that we have something that actually works. [inaudible] thank you very much. [applause] seven you probably still have questions faq once again. [inaudible conversations] book maryland where several authors will be discussing their books on a variety of topics including politics, race in america and drone warfare. We kick up live coverage with a panel call the American Dream, american greed. [inaudible conversations] good morning, everyone. Welcome its been a good morning. Welcome to the Annapolis Book festival. Be the moderator todays fantastic Opening Panel entitled American Dream american greed. She coauthored the smartest coauthor the smartest guys in the room with the Energy Trading giant and ron but more important she fourth told that a few years earlier when she started to ask questions is it overvalued and transparent . Actually we she says there may be another issue brewing we should listen. To my left is a very talented contributing writer to the New York Times writing extensively on College Athletics but has dived into the of multi dimensional Human Interest tories behind college athletes. And he has my sons dream job and frankly my dream job it is great to have you here and thanks for coming to this years annapolis boat festival. The American Dream american agreed. That is a provocative title and today we are in for a real treat. We will have a lively 30 minute discussion and i will try to leave room for about 10 or 50 minutes of audience questions then we have a hard stop. To kick us off you are so well conveyed and captivating kicked us off with an elevator ride to the top quarter the major points in your book . What do you have to say . Shaky o i will start with bethany but before i do shaky ground is the title it is very timely today unfortunately japan is in the news again and did 2011 i was in tokyo for the big earthquake there that they are still trying to deal with a tsunami. Ater, be 2008 the Global Financial system had a mill down and eight years later there were on shaky ground. Large why a . I have always ben fascinated the largest Financial Institution in the world with 5 trillion of outstanding liabilities the companies were created to serve the American Dream of Home Ownership to have Home Ownership even the financiale world most dont care about fanny or freddie but they are critical companies to have a mortgage or want to get a mortgage to help shape your ability their critical to the price of your house and critical to our economy. The treasury secretary described housing as the wheel within the wheel of the economy so basically everyone should care about the strength and the fate of these two companies and they were taken over by the u. S. Government going into conservatorship and supported by a line of credit from the treasury with the idea this would be temporary and figure out a way to resolve this but instead here we sit going on eight years from fannie and freddie and are still sitting there. Someone told me the greatestst example of government disfunction he has ever seen. That could be a dysfunction that a decision the government made with the profits they produce to cover the budget deficit the problem is the big idea to have whole system safer collectively that instead estrange of capital with no plan for their future that leaves us in a precariousen position. That leaves me with greater chinese from when i read the book than next book is called indentured maybe he has Better Stories talking about taking on that n. C. A. A. And the multibillion dollar industry and where that goes but ith have to make a confession before i read the book why do they need to be paid . A year not to employees. Day you know, that mine is in Jerry Mcguire . You had me at hello . You had to be at page two. I am not that easy some people compare to j. Edgar hoover. Is this fair . G, everybo sadly it think i have more bad news. With College Sports the truth is the money. A 13 billion industry now. There are coaches making 5 million and conferences and tv networks between twoio