Four years and as a form president and chief he must have realized that this before the war is going to take place if we fail. There mustve been a great sense of responsibility. Anybody else . Does anybody want to grab cspans attention with something outrageous . If not thank you so much, please get a copy of my book if its available outside. [inaudible] i would like to add real native genius thats a perfect conclusion to my talk. Thank you for coming. [applause] [inaudible conversations] our author today is Angela Hudson who is an associate and soontobe professor at texas a m university. Shes an expert in American Indian history, 19th century u. S. South, representations of American Indians and popculture as well as intersection of American Indian and africanamerican lives. She received her ph. D from yale in 2007, and has held fellowships at the newberry library, the american philosophical society, and the rare book and manuscript library, among others. Her first book was called creek pass and federal roads, indian summers translates into making of the American South published in 2010. And her most recent book which is the subject of her talk to date is real native genius how an exslave and a white mormon became famous indians. Which has just published an university of North Carolina press. Angel is a different and occasional mentor to me. Ill dispense with any embarrassing stories and just say that its an honor and a pleasure to welcome her here today, so please join me. [applause] thanks, joe, for the introduction. And thank you for coming this morning. Going to kill us what to do about real native genius, two of them actually. Unlike most stories its both unbelievable and i think highly entertaining. And interwoven with the many strands of other stories. Like many stories there are lots of places where one can because of that im going to start in the middle. In 1852, a 40 Something White woman named sarah press charges against the indian husband for bigamy. A white woman from new york had met her ball on a canal boat and married him after courtship of only a few days. But her new husband knows audiences across the regions as the virtuosic flutist okah tubbee had an indian wife and family. Even more shocking was the discovery that her lover as papers but it was no indian at all. Rumors began to spread that the wellknown performer was actually a negro barber had managed to humbug his way across the United States performing his indian show for unsuspecting audiences from missouri to new hampshire. Like other penny press celebrities who salacious stories kept newspaper readers both titillated and horrified, transport shred made great cop and he became something of a tabloid sensation. As dramatic as this case it seems, the brief affair between okah tubbee and center which is another episode in the thrilling life of a man from naches mississippi ultimately known as william mcgarry, william the chubby, and doctor okay. He had been born into slavery in mississippi and became the property of his free black have a half siblings was understood to let that sink in. Is born into slavery an in the becomes the property of his own free black half siblings when his owner died. Is mostly hired and i worked at a variety of trade. Sometime in his youth he began to play music and sound he had an Exceptional National talent as they perform. In time he became a celebrated flute player, ever the compass bank of a mormon lamanites probably coming to achieve an attraction npt barnes museum, ventriloquist, freemason come and medicine in an international fugitive. His companions of 1846 onward was lucy stanton. Although she like her husband professed to be senders from native royalty, often performing as the mohawk princess. She was, in fact, a white mormon be forced with three children. Together crafted an elaborate traveling indian act that included a shortlived but fanatical religious sect, a variety of musical stage shows come and medical business and three conditions other composite autobiography. Their professional indian personas helped conceal their interracial relationship as well as many other secrets they may have wished to hide like an orthodox religious beliefs and marital practices. They cant alter lives for themselves can capitalizing on some of his the reinforcing and development beliefs about American Indians. The and after the tour potential of the indian act was compromised by the narrowness of the stereotypes on which it relied. In other words, while their pretended identities may have liberated them from some of the narrow categories that can find them, they were not doing American Indians any favors. Now, many people have never heard of okah tubbee of his wife. If it were not for the work of historian Daniel Littlefield junior edited and republished the autobiography in 1980 can even few people would recognize their names. What little scholarship exists on them instead welcome more of these claims. First, that tubby was a fugitive slave who claimed into ancestry to obtain his freedom. Second, that while he perhaps was in an indian as he claimed his wife certainly was there and third if they are responsible fofor the complex and the moment presuppose that lifted until 1978. All of these claims are wrong, florida. So the first most common and ron klain about okah tubbee is that he was a fugitive slave figures claim to indian ancestry to escape bondage. Okay, tha to claim to be an amen in order to become free. Since there was considerable admixture between indigenous african and european people in a Mississippi Riverboat and factor out the early south its possible he had chaka fattah ancestry. But Good Government is that is both totally unknowable and in my opinion irrelevant. Chaka fattah folks wouldve rejected his claims anyway since he insisted that his chaka fattah and such came from his father and that chaka fattah operates on the logic of natural ideology between kinship to mothers, not fathers. Walking ancestry was sometimes used as lay people and the 19th century this do for the freedom, this view of his life is not just too narrow, its wrong. Although born a slave and slave to remainder by his own class will, by age 33 okah tubbee been known as Warner Mccary them was already a freeman. By the time he was freed he had already come to appreciate the anonymity that riverboats and port cities afforded. And the flute playing back a bond began to travel beyond his hometown along the Mississippi River, missouri river, the ohio river moving from new orleans to st. Louis to louisville and beyond playing and ballrooms, statements and saloons. These soldiers pulled and prodded and illinois whether in 1836 he married a divorcee named lucy stanton. Sometime in the spirit but after becoming free he began to use an indian name and identity. And why did this in a variety of pseudonyms, cautioned that disguises over his career, if this judge was to lay low he did a miserable job of it. From the moment he left his home he consistently throws himself into the spotlight. This idea, this claimed that he was, in fact, a fugitive slave who was kind of mask his identity in order to attain his freedom is fairly debunked. Whether its advertising skills as a musician for hire in new orleans, taking the stage a popular at the moment venues like to salute a washington, d. C. Or gardener, excitement and publicity followed him around. With time and little help from patrons and scheming managers, he became practice in the art of self fashioned on what one calls theatrical selfhood. But ill come back to all that. The second most common and ron klain about the people at the center of this book is about okah tubbee may or may not have been an American Indians come his way survey was. With the exception of mormon scholars, studies uniformly describe okah tubbee as gallup and mohawk as she claimed or usually just a delaware. Despite the absence of evidence for these claims, some scholars have even crafted elaborate origin is based on presumption of her identity, the indian identity. While its possible as i suggested that time provided that indigenous forebears as the multiethnic history suggests, laah ceil without the Indian Princess shoe claim to be. Board in western new york in 1817, by the time she was a teenager lucy stanton had moved with her family to the southern shore of lake every to the committee of kirtland, ohio. In 1830 they converted to a new mormon religion brought by missionaries from new york. The missionaries had been sent by prophet joseph smith our on their way west to preach the new gospel to the people they called the lamanites, the term they use for American Indians. Now while a variety of Early National religious denominations were interested in American Indians largest as potential converts, one thing that set the early mormon eyes as they were sometime called apart was the centrality of American Indians to the religious doctrine, their centrality to their theology. The book of mormon identified indigenous americans as a dark skinned integrated ancient people scattered across north america who, although they were unbelievers, were nevertheless capable of future redemption and, therefore, marked for special attention. As persecuted people companies,e americans may have been considered it a sort of spiritual can buy some early mormons including lucy stanton who were themselves facing violence and forced migration for their religious beliefs. It seems likely that okah tubbee and stan, laah ceil, first met in quincy, illinois, where she and her three Young Children live alongside her parents, following her divorce from oliver. After the family convert to mormonism theyve migrated to missouri with other latter day saints bulwarks bill during the racially charged mormon war of 1838. They been settled in quincy just down river which would become the mormon metropolis. Despite the fact that mormon emigrants were among the beneficiaries of indian removal, living on land recently cleansed of its indigenous inhabitants, mormon persecution and flight interesting beers the forced removal of American Indians come although they tended to be forced in the opposite direction. The cherokee trail of tears is crossing the mississippi going west in the winter of 1830. The mormons are enforced across the Mississippi River east in the winter of 1838. From the time to unite in the mid1840s stand and mike carey collaborate to cultivate a particular public image. He proved himself as to mormon elders as a layman i prophet and the pair were married for a turn in the mormon triple. Although she was not yet claimed to be delaware should always distinguish yourself as somebody peculiar fascination with indians. As a youth in ohio she and her sisters, along with a number of other early mormon converts, mostly women, used to get the power as they put it. They would speak in tongues which he referred to as speaking indian. She was drawn to indians both through her own faith and public through the romanticized depiction of native people in the popular fiction of the day. When she me met his choctaw blus who claimed he had received a prophecy about bringing the lamanites to christ, she found it irresistible. Butter on performance as a delaware princess was just that, a performance. This by the fact she was never out of during her lifetime and that scholars as recent as a decade ago were still writing books and articles based on the believe that she was, in fact, a delaware woman. Laah ceil are lucy stanton will it have one child with okah tubbee, a son. Named after his purported grandfather. He appeared on stage with it in a pintsize indian costume from time to time. She had three children from her first marriage to mormon finder oliver. The children were 12, nine, eight when their mother married okah tubbee. Four years later when they hit the road for an eastern shore, she left thos those children wed mature in the care of her parents. She would not see them again for 19 years. The third of predominate and only slightly wrong storyline about okah tubbee and laah ceil is a time among the mormons before they embark on their National Tour was largely responsible for the bit on blocks in the mormon priesthood which has a mission was to rescind or the until 1978. Scholars of mormon history discuss the men of the month as william mcgarity as a quote half indian have negro prophet who impressed Brigham Young with his musical ability. We and his wife joined other mormons at the temperate encampment known as Winter Quarters to do for the great westward migration to salt lake alley, he was alleged t to have led followed away and into a secretive schismatic sect. White female members of this sect was both have had sex with a profit no fewer than three times each during the day and into the room with his wife present in order to fully seal them to his eminence. With an orthodox nature of the Little Movement was revealed and white women aged 1660 came forward to admit that theyve slept with the indian pretender while his wife looked on, the couple was run out of town at gunpoint. Now much about this particular storyline is true but there are two things that are wrong with it. First is that it suggests that bandwidth was result of the misbehavior of one person, not attributable to an undercurrent of White Supremacy in mormon thinking. But also claims that the mormons were certain that he was black and not indian and that they were not certain. My Research Suggests his entree into the Mormon Church was based in part on the watch but notion that he was or release could have been American Indian. My studies also showed lucy stanton was not only not his victim, which is pretty light of thinking might portray, she was his coconspirator helping to shape that only has rise as a layman i prophet but a subsequent musical and medical careers as well. So by the end of 1847 he was performing in baltimore and washington, d. C. As mr. Tubbee, able to trace its origins companies will and possibly borrowed from William Gilmore simms popular 1841 failed called okah tubbee, or the choctaw stanton. Luci played a growing role in shaping the initial in the production of the First Edition of the autobiography, son of the head chief of the choctaw nation of indians published in 1848. For about a year they were the talk of the town on the east coast. Okah tubbee and his life has been quite performed at the chinese theater in philadelphia and even did a stint at p. T. Barnums American Museum in new york. From late 1847 to early 1849 beta. At most of the major theaters in the east including Castle Garden off the tip of manhattan island. Figures in indian concert lectures on the plight of the red men and occasionally offered medical advice. He wore an elaborate indian costume and she appeared by his side as they christianized indian maiden and they passed into brief flow of the limelight. They succeeded in their performances in part because the fate of the indian was as one scholar put it sufficient remote from the spectators every life, particularly on the east coast, to permit the spread of the war of romance. But familiar enough to be rendered convincingly. Beyond just immense income can, perform as he allowed them to conceal their racial identities and their complicated past as a former slave. And i think they liked it. But their fortunes shifted when they returned to missouri in mid1849. Facing Financial Hardship after reuniting with her older children an assault from why indian neighbors who accused them of crimes and committed crimes against them, they had east in 1850 and we made themselves once more as purveyors of real indian medicine. Thats how to advertise. They travel through the ohio valley asked doctor okah tubbee and his wife cant stop to treat patients and occasionally take the stage because of a fortuitous time to be a person of indeterminate race traffic across the United States. The fugitive slave act passed in september 1850 put a fine become open of slaves and threatening free people of color with kidnapping. For many endangered by the law it was a final catalyst for flight and they made their way to canada. Before long they would also be in canada settling in the heart of toronto. But fear of racial persecution was only one reason that they fled the state. During the same period okah tubbee was the subject of a startling expose in the United States newspapers pick in june 1851 a louisville, kentucky, paper published a story claiming that the chalk up as a team doctor was, in fact, not American Indian but a black man. Matter many southern and western papers followed suit each adding fuel to the things by including personal knowledge of his earlier life in new orleans, st. Louis and legal, poking a great deal of fun at dimwitted northerners who flock to his performances under the delusion that he was an indian. I think ebay maintain couldnt tell an aspect from gullible or in this case in indiana from a negro. Account of these initial revelations was surprisingly mild and emphasized the humorous nature of what they called his humbug rather than its potential dangers. Word of his purported real identity was slow to emerge in the Northern Press what he had been the darling of audience for some time. But by midsummer 1851 word began to spread and it showed up in newspapers in new york, connecticut, new hampshire, massachusetts and maine. In the midst of the rising controversy, okah tubbee did something remarkable. He took another wife, a white woman named sarah who we have already met. Area newspapers carried word of the nuptials that took place next to the roaring cataracts of Niagara Falls and highlighted the fact that the self proclaimed choctaw already had an indian wife it was only response came from a buffalo in the road to the citys newspaper that while much was said about womens rights, i did not with one woman has a right to marry another womans husband. Stories about okah tubbees bigamist marriage exposes about his true purported racial identity and once things and you perform was no call a notorious scoundrel. Although audiences may suspected earlier that he was perhaps not exactly who he said he was. Is ability to do a white woman and to marry him rendered him down a dangerous character. Just as in the Winter Quarters controversy the specter of a black man seducing white women was too much for me antebellum americans to bear. Interestingly, however, the unmasking of okah tubbee as an exslave of possible african ancestry and a master of humbug who rivaled p. T. Barnum effectively obscured the truth about laah ceils background. Even when sarah brought suit against tubbee for bigotry and the details of the romance were caught out in a toronto courtroom, laah ceil is always depicted as a longsuffering squaw, just one more victim of a two timing black confidence man. It had become the primary source of income since their state ship, little or no scrutiny was directed, behind the scenes she had managed to assume the primary role of the medical practice. Apparently, specializing in treating womens illness. After 1856 records on oak a tabby are scarce, frustratingly but given the twist and turns of his life, he simply disappeared. Now known as the indian doctors in her own right, she carried on. In. In 1862 as a civil war was unfolding, madame was the name she was using at the time, she was was arrested for manslaughter in buffalo, new york. Not far from her birthplace. The indian doctors that she was known was suspected of running an illegal abortion practice. The buffalo courier was the first to report on what they called a human slaughterhouse. Discovered on the corner of washington and carol street, across from the prominent hotel and just untran. On on june 5, 1862 police learned that a hearse has parked in front of her business. After the cart or way of body they contacted another local authority. The victim, miami hamilton, 29yearold married mother of three from genesee county, new york. Her estranged husband was fighting for the union army and husband was fighting for the union army and she was brought to the doctors to have an abortion by a michigan man reporting to be her uncle but the rumor suggested that he was her paramore. Please return to the house of madame with a search warrant. Inside, they found two more desperately ill young woman, one woman, one of whom maria would die within the day, also from an apparent abortion attempt. Western new york papers illegally seized on the details of the story and allege the indian wretch had been running a slaughterhouse for a board to rearm, she faced persecution in the press of Law Enforcement and healthcare enforcement in the area who were trying to rid the area of indian and women doctors. It conversed with rising concerns over womens reproductive control and she was vilified as representative as of both. She spent seven years of hard labor in sing sing. At no point in the investigation or her incarceration was her indian identity questioned. So, the underlying underlying question that drove my research was why . What would drive, compel, or inspire three black southern man and a divorced white mormon women to become indian . For protection . For for protection . For prophet . I think sometimes for pleasure. It helps to reveal a central paradox in the area during identity tsl. On the one hand broad social changes attributable to the market revolution inspired a belief in the flexibility and fluidity of individual identity. Such beliefs underlined the fascination of both public performance. The antebellum period was the. Of humbug, humbug, of confidence men and painted women, but such openness to performance and representation also sponsored. It rested on the logic of racial recognition and reinforce the widespread concern that people were passing for something they were not. The rise of what is termed scientific racism in this era demonstrates the paradox. At a time when audiences flock to theaters every night to be fooled by white men wearing black face, scientific men were busy measuring and codifying the differences of the races and assisting not on the fluidity of identity but on its fixity. Examining the lives of these two people buys to both of these impulses. I argue this invented area capitalizes on the character of the indian. Still very much in flux during the century. As it escape hatch toward fluid and fixed identities to the world around them. I think their choices revealed the currency and flexibility of the indian as a signifier. Indian in the mid 19th century was wide spread of ideas of how native people looked, talked, lived, and left. The period between the indian removal at the 1870s and the world more these representations have many forms including the performance of native people themselves. As diplomats, orders, writers, and artists. These two people drew him as deep well of indian s and exploited their audiences fascination with indians. Most often to make money, but also to conceal their highly controversial mixed race marriage. Behind their scheme they too were fascinated, even seduced by the id of the indian. Scholarly considerations have focused on an idea playing indians. Its a phenomenon when primarily nonnative people imagine, create, and don indian costumes and engage in real or imagined indian activities. They call it one of the oldest and pervasive swarms of cultural expression. With a few exceptions, these analyses, the analyses, the scholarship of plane indian has focused on white men who don indian outfits, costumes, and activities for a variety of social, cultural, and political reasons. From the sons of liberty from Boston Harbor bird, to the boy scouts and Halloween Costumes of today. Because they do not conform to our expectations of who plays indian and why, okeechobee complicate our ideas. Even as their pretensions underscore the centrality of the indian to shaping american identity. In addition to concerns about passing imposing an emerging practice of plane indian, public debates on identity and posture in the antebellum period were frequently annotated with concerns about faith and religion. The market revolution coincided with the tail end of the awakening, and area that was called intense secretariat invention. Profits rose from unlikely supporters to proclaim the revelation and exhort followers to join various churches and revolutions. Mormonism was was but one of these inventive movements. The degree to which founder joseph smith was depicted as a charlatan, confident confident men and dangerous seducer of women often parallels how oak a tabby was thought of. I argued of what was thought of the two and there indian this, of how and why they constructed and performed alternative that allowed them to transcend their prescribed identity while also capitalizing, quite literally on popular cultural beliefs on what it meant to be an indian. Their actions may have subverted but they emphatically endorsed others. As Cultural Studies scholar george maintains, images in negotiation with power are often ambiguous, complicated, and implicated in the crimes they seek to address. Not all questions about the extraordinary lives can be satisfactorily answered. But it is perhaps fitting that some mystery remains, after all the pair went to Great Lengths to disguise, shroud or alter the circumstances of their lives, their backgrounds. Some of their efforts remain successful to this day. These uncertainties, while frustrating to their reader and absolutely maddening to the historian, must nevertheless remain. The story must have endings even if they are unsatisfied. After she she was released from prison in 1869, she turned up in utah. I like to to think she took the nearly complete transcendent railroad, thats, not sure but i like to imagine she did. Although her son, the child she had she was reunited with her daughter, now grown with five children of her own. The next few years were bittersweet. Once more, using her birth name lucy stanton, she was also reunited with her other daughter and and her son who had been estranged from the family for a number of years. Sadly within the state of another two years, her father died. In march march 1873, at age 57, lucy stanton married the brother of her first husband oliver. Again became a bassett, who she had been before she was lost the old tabby. By marrying the brother of her first husband. She began to work as a midwife, did her marburg friends in utah know about her experience of the 20 plus years since she had exceeding them question actually some of them had read the news of the escapades or noted the apparent bigamy in the news two decades be for. Yes the news has spread that far. When. When he married Sarah Margaret in Niagara Falls the news was carried all the way to utah. Interestingly, her time in springville where she settled in utah likely brought her back into contact with some of her disgraced former followers from the Winter Quarters episode. For instance, chase whose wife had astonished him in to temporary meanness of her does description was now an elder. Within that these individuals had forgiven lucy in that scandalous hard to do say. The marriage of her first husband may have also raised eyebrows because he had been at commit a kid from the church and because when he married her he also had a wife and children in california. Maybe her daughter samara status in the town help shield her from scrutiny. The mayor would have been among the earliest settlers in the area and she was married to a prosperous business man. Perhaps unknowingly following in her mothers footsteps she had become known for promoting musical entertainment in the town. When her brotherinlaw turned third husband left her in 1876 and had and had died while traveling to philadelphia, Lucy Stanton Bassett was once more a woman alone. Perhaps seeking the support of the church, she was rebaptized and reconfirmed as a member of the latter day saints church. Her reentry into the hole was complete. She was not well. Shes suffered from paralysis probably brought on by advanced diabetes and finally died after long bout of the illness in 1878. She is buried in the City Cemetery in springville utah next to members of her family. Among the other grandchildren who pay their respects grandmother lucys funeral may has stood, samaras son frank, perhaps to rescue him from the life of bondage they purchased him from a life of laminates and brought them home. The young indian man wouldve been nearly the same age as her mysterious absence on michelle a. What can only wonder what he knew about the extraordinary life of his grandmother, the famous indian. Or her marriage to a man, like himself had started life as a slave. Thank you. [applause]. Some happy to take questions. Was there some the story overlooked or was there took a lot of dating. Most of the evidence was not very deeply. One of the interesting things happen i discovered there is actually some attention paid to them, but one of the things that happen particularly with until very recently with mormon history is that exist alongside other avenues of american history. A lot of folks who were trained in u. S. History dont think about looking at mormon history. So a lot of that stuff on the mormon side of things was very well known but they did not know that William Carey was necessarily okay tabby. It is one of important biographies of the 19th century but you may have no idea and scholars had no idea that his wife was not in fact a delaware woman, she was a white mormon. In many ways it was about uniting strings of evidence that were relatively apparent in trying to weave them together to tell a coherent story. [inaudible] i talk about this in the book a little bit, it is possible that the people who paid to see okay tabby were in fact in on the joke as you might say. They kind of got it. Part of what they are paying to see was a spectacle of this obviously, to to that man of african descent and all of his tinkling costuming and performing his musical act. Its unclear, barnum doesnt really talk about him. He also interacted with solomons myth, he was a famous eater promoter in the 18thcentury who writes about and talks about him and his own memoirs. Is very candid about we all knew he was not indian but it was entertaining nonetheless. So especially in the face of people knew what they are seen but they wanted to see it anyway, they paid to be fooled each night. I think we have to leave that possibility open that people not only the managers and promoters but also the audiences, that was what was interesting to them about what they were seeing. I think for some, and this is true when he think about museums at the time which were not like museums we think of today. They are not places we go and look at objects, these were more like theaters where there would be a host of different kind of things going on. There was an interest especially in the eastern going to see indians and museums because of the perception that they were a vanishing race. This might be your last chance to see in true, authentic indian. I like to keep the possibility open to that they were not in on the joke who it might be their last chance to witness something of a dying race. On the same token people may be interested in seeing basically someone who is safer. Indians were perceived as being warlike. To see a guy in a show like this, you may feel better that he is not really a real indian. Yes, absolutely. I think absolutely. I think part of what their show hinged on was the part that they were christianize indians. They made appearances at events where they talked about promoting sobriety. They were always trying to raise money to promote sobriety or christianization of the indians itself. Ive no evidence that any of that money ever made its way to the right place but yes, absolutely. They were not going to get up there and make threatening gestures or make strong statements about native rights. Their plan on this notion of the noble savage. Could you talk about the research, particularly the lbs side. You know these archives are not open in the same way that the National Archives are open to researchers. Can you talk talk about how that Research Went . One of the things that surprised me was when i went out to Salt Lake City to do the research as soon as i got there everyone knew who William A Carey new. No one knew who okay tabby was. Because of this narrative that he was the one that caused Brigham Young in 1847. This is a this is a huge issue in church history, this idea of black men not being able to obtain a priesthood. Part of what was challenging for me was not so much the closed nature of the archives, getting beyond the perceived wisdom to figure out what was the nature of the peoples relationship to other mormons at the time. One thing that is helpful as the mormons of the 19th century were prolific in more ways than one. They created lots of documents. A very sensitive tos and organizations, primarily in utah there are efforts underway to digitize and make available, make searchable and accessible to researchers all of these trail diaries, all different documents from the experience that Winter Quarters. I have found no barriers to my access to any of that information. Only when i started to poke into things like eight matriarchal blessings which are something that should be close to researchers because it is given from elders to people in the church. It seemed quite personal document or experience. Or baptismal records. When i was trying to find out whether lucy staten was rebaptized in springville and reentered the church. Thats the. Thats the sort of thing you would not expect to find in any sort of religious history adventure, i think. The amount of information i got on the mormon sources far outweighs those moments where i ran into a closed door. That was incredible. I was even able to research the material about her divorce from her first husband using records from illinois that had been put on microfilm and lived in the Family History library in Salt Lake City. It was part of the consequences of the ongoing effort of the church to document all types of things about genealogy. They provide access to it and incredible amount of information that youd never imagine it had anything to do with the church and it really doesnt accept it might connect with their members and descendents of their members. Speaking of Sacred Temple records, do you happen to know if her children arrange for her to be on. [inaudible] i dont know very much about what happens to her family after her death. With the exception of just a few pieces of information here and there. I didnt really poke very much further into figuring that out. I was contacted by the descendent of one of her of samara which was really fascinating because here you are as a historian and you think youre laboring alone in the dark somewhere and suddenly you get an email from someone who says i heard youre writing about this person and i am actually a relative. I do not think to ask that question im not sure they wouldve answered it if i had asked it. The discovery that her daughter had adopted boy, which is not uncommon particularly on, in the valley at that time. So during the missions to lamanites in the great basin there was often these situations where the youth in particular would offer children to the missionaries for sale or for exchange. Mormon missionaries not wanting to take them as slaves itches the conditions they had previously existed they will we do not want them we dont want to take that child. Historian paul reeves talks about some of those cases they would turn around and kill those children inside now youre going to take one, if you dont take one ill kill another. So they put them in this very difficult situation where they were then taking these children back. It seems clear that many of the yo