But dont ask me about weeping. Actually, i apologize for almost changing the subject. I am curious about the soviet women, the two soviet women. Right. The two soviet women. Lost track. No one written anything. The question is about the to the soviet cosmonaut, fee now cosmonauts to bid we dont know i huge amount about them. In particular who we dont know lot about hair. A very accomplished fire. And theyre is a wonderful story that i tell them the book. On just give you the bare outline. Sally, after her flight, is on a publicity tour, the post flight publicity tour that they all have to do. One of the places they go is budapest for International Aeronautics and astronautics federation meeting. Remember the Korean Airlines jet that was shot down by the russians and 1983 . This was right after that. A state Department Said to sally and the pilot and both of their spouses, no fraternizing with the enemy. We are cold war enemy at that moment was behaving very badly. We had terrible relationships. They said, we dont want any frontpage pictures of your drinking vodka is interesting each other and having a wonderful time. Stay away from the cosmonauts. They thought, terrific. We will do that. They get there. All of a sudden sally feels that tap on her shoulder and here is sally and she turns around and there is fat mama. Here is sally ride who is one month earlier become the First American woman in space meeting for the first time one of only two other women who have ever been in space. As she is dying to talk to her. And i will give it all away now. There was a secret meeting, and it was quite extraordinary and it formed a lifetime bond. So once again, she sort of pushed the envelope a little bit and figured, i can bend the rules as long as no one gets hurt. In fact, no one knew this story fully until i told it in the book. The state department only now is finding out about it. [laughter] other questions. No questions . Everyone wants to get their books signed. Thats great. Thank you all for coming. [applause] up behind the cash register. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] thursday night on book tv in prime time a look at the book industry. We start with a tour of publishers simon and schuster. Then a panel from the gate as part book festival. Then followed by indiscretion from book expo america on the future a brick and mortar retailers. Book tv starting at 8 00 p. M. Eastern here on cspan2. Thursday from the American Political Science Association annual meeting a discussion on a surveillance programs. Live coverage at 10 15 a. M. Eastern on cspan. Here is a great read to add to your Summer Reading list. Sundays at eight to my collection of stories from some of the nations most employed to people of the past 25 years. I always knew that there is a risk in a bohemian national. I decided to take it because whether it is an illusion or not i dont think it is, it helps my concentration. They stopped me from being bored, stopped other people being born to some extent. It would keep me awake. I could prolong the conversation, and hence the moments. If i was asked what i do it again, the answer is probably yes. Hoping to get away with all fang. Easy for me to say, of course. Not very nice to my children. It sounds irresponsible. I would do all that again. The truth is, it would be hypocritical of me to say no. I did not. The soviet union and the soviet system in Eastern Europe contained the seeds of its own destruction. Many of the problems that we saw at the end began at the beginning. I spoke already about the attempt to control all institutions and control all parts of the economy and political life and social life. The problem is that when you do that, when you try to control everything then you create opposition and potential dissidents everywhere. If you tell all artists they have to paint the same way and one says, no, dont want to paint deadweight. You have just made him into a political dissident. If you want to subsidize housing in this country and we want to talk about it and the populace agrees that it is something we should subsidize then put it on the Balance Sheet and make it clear and make it evident and make everybody aware of how much it is costing. But when you deliver it through these third party enterprises, fannie mae and freddie mac, when you deliver the subsidy through a Public Company with private shareholders and executives who can extract a lot of it for themselves, that is not a very good way of subsidizing home ownership. A few of the 41 engaging stories. Now available at your favorite bookseller. Now book tv interviews dr. Claude piantadosi about his book mankind beyond earth which is as the importance of the u. S. Space program and human Space Exploration. Its 15 minutes. And now joining us is claude piantadosi. What you do for a living . Really, i am a physician. I work mostly in taking care of patients with respiratory diseases. But i do have a strong interest in research and extreme environments and, of course, the ultimate extreme environmental. Host where did that interest come from . Guest well, it grew out of my time in the submarine force during the cold war in the navy. Of course, submarines are controlled environments. And i developed an interest in the problems of life support in submarines. From that lifesupport in the spacecraft. Host in fact, you have written a book about space. Guest i have. The one mankind beyond earth the history, science, and future of Space Exploration. Do you think that our u. S. Space program should be revised my renewed . Guest clearly, that was one of the major reasons for writing the book. Yes, i do. I think we are languishing right now. Americans in general dumps share the same excitement that for Space Exploration as they did, say, when i was a boy during the early days of manned space flight. And i think there are a lot of reasons for wanting to continue with a rich Exploration Program that involves humans as well as, of course, unmanned missions. Host y what is the difference in your view of manned and unmanned Space Exploration . Guest well, manned space flight is more expensive by about a factor of ten. It is more difficult because you have i human in the environment where you have to protect life from really extreme conditions, no atmosphere, high radiation levels and, of course, microgravity. You have to provide everything. Air, water, heat. Unmanned missions have low risk. If you lose a robot use a robot, not people who are highly skilled and trained. They can go further. They can explore more hostile places. Theyre is a very Important Role for Robotic Missions in Space Exploration. We have learned a tremendous amount from them. That said, there is also available for people working closely. The mars rovers i liken to crawling around on a golf course on their hands and knees and then trying to decide what the geology of europe is like. So i feel like humans still dont have still have an Important Role and exploration. We also have an Important Role to play in terms of the discovery of what our capabilities are, what our place in the world is and what our place in the universe is. And so the more we learn about ourselves in the space environment the more we know about ourselves in general. So it is important as part of the human endeavor that i would hate to see the loss. Host the International Space station. Guest well, we do. And that is a good point. Of course to the cover of the book shows marsh. That is the ultimate goal, at least for the foreseeable future. There is an entire new plan and waiting to be explored. We would learn a huge amount about the geology of or solar system, about the about Planetary Science from the exploration of mars. I think that we would also learned a lot about ourselves having to establish a presence on another planet. This is, of course, a 100 your goal. It is, i think, an important one. Host what was the moonmars program . Guest the moonmars program was initiated by president bush in about 2004. To use them as a steppingstone to get to mars, to build the infrastructure that would allow us to utilize resources off planet, an extra terrestrial resources, if you will, in order to not have to carry some much stuff with us when we explore space. So the program was designed to build in a stepwise fashion. Our current knowledge from the station to the moon again and then also a way to go to mars and about 35 years. Now, their cost was very high. I think that it was an ambitious program. It did not garner a lot of enthusiasm because people did not understand it well. Again, that was another reason for trying to lay out the problems in a relatively simple language. What we need to do to really begin to leave lowearth orbit where this station is and actually venture into real space. Host and dr. Claude piantadosi, but are some of the concrete benefits that we have derived from manned Space Exploration . Guest well, i think the most obvious one to everyone would be aviation safety. If you think back to the 1950s and 60s, an aviation was still a relatively dangerous endeavor. Today aviation is incredibly safe. A lot of the technology, communications, control of these aircraft have been developed by Aerospace Companies working directly with nasa and through the u. S. Space program. So i think that is the most obvious tangible benefit of having invested in space. There are others. There is telemetry. Some biomedical