Im not counting my chickens before they hatch. Thank you all very much for coming. [applause] [inaudible conversations] now on booktv, someone recount said sixs times then. This is an hour and a half. First of all commit inks for coming out and thank you to Anthony Appiah and cornel west for coming out. Just a few introductory words about our distinguished guests and then also about Anthony Appiahs new book, lines of descent w. E. B. Dubois and the emergence of identity due course became to celebrate tonight. Ive asked professor appiah to tell us a little bit about how he came on then go from there. It is a very good fortune to have Anthony Appiah and dr. Cornel west truly is this centuries Anthony Appiah talked about 2002 until the end of last year. Hes a professor of philosophy love. Professor appiah is known for contributions to African American studies to promote the philosophies, Boston College and as many influential books include ethics of identity. Ethics and the relative stranger in the honor code. The awards and honors are far too many and suffice it to say in 2012 to receive the National Humanities award medal from president obama. It is no easier, let me tell you, to do justice to that or cornells extraordinary work and influence into Anthony Appiah. We all know. Your list as one of americas premier champions for racial and social justice. So many both inside and outside of the academy. One who walks the walk. He is the author of many acclaimed books, including the contemporary classics race matters in democracy matters as well as his memoir by the west, living and living out loud. Dr. Weiss has moved to new york in the coming of philosophy at Union Theological seminary. Irregular seeks truth to power in television and radio and it seems wherever hes needed. What an honor that the publication lines of descent brings some aspect instead. A few ink from what cannot this that it is a small book, that you are deceived. It is an intellectual biography of africanamerican history. Amen you lived in the reconstruction to the march on washington in a book that fits the stature. He traces the big question asked all of his life, who am i as a black man and American Products would nation . What his race . What is africa in history and collective imagination . Would change his identity . How is it possible to form and sustain a meaningful activity and lebanese are specifically black contribution to culture, even to humanity . You may remember one you are in the last question regarding the contribution namely he writes to make a loving, flipping and doing pressures throughout human part. It is impossible not to hear and the title of the memoir. A spiritual and the contribution perfectly express not least in folklore and in the terms of Anthony Appiah developed in the sense of general tax loving, living and doing perhaps will come as cosmopolitan and romantic. Romantic is no concise term. In his book of the varied influences of the many teachings ranging from theaters in berlin have not known where he studied political economy and intellectuals for the public figures. Two such figures in america. At all times and this is what is most compelling and moving about lines of descent. Africanamericans but you have to remember jim crow america support to keep in mind. But throughout lines of descent, appiah helps us see struggling to define race not merely in terms of injustice or oppression. Dubois is something other than or in addition to that to the blackest it makes you feel that your problem. Having said late in life is the meaning of race pimply description fails and perhaps it is wrong to speak of a set of as a concept rather than as the group of contradictory forces, fax intended these. We are coming to pander this introduction. It is remarkable as we watch the three trace the intellectual life of historians, theologists, sas, memoirs, cultural anthropologists to have rather been that the statement of complexity as a kind of descriptive failure. For us it came after to insist on such complexity when in fact he should be descriptive and conceptual and also political triumph. And to fold those and complex story in which the thinking traces in the words of the sub title, and the the emergence of identity, both as dubois understood for himself and people. An emergent symmetric check to read at dubois and emergence the trajectory of thinking that dubois has repaired to encompass all of this in one small book is it seems to me no small conceptual fee. Join me in welcoming eric asked,. three and cornel west. [applause] i want to begin by thanking and its great theres few bookshops are people who sell the books read them and i feel very well read. Thank you very much and thank you or not very much. We have known each other since we were both very young. Is great to be together here this evening. I was asked to see some thing about how the book came about. What im trying to do in the book is to cover the sense in which dubois was an intellectual and not just the american and africanamerican that we urge you know. He did as was mentioned didnt get the degree there because he was able to stay long enough to meet the residents require us. What he did write a thesis s. Very well worth reading about the development of the economy at the end of slavery and why different forms of labor regime, including the economic challenges of the capital and its just really had. But he didnt get the phd because he wasnt there long enough. So i said i confessed he went to harvard and got another phd. This time not in history. Again, its actually the first ever published. So how did i come to think about this . Part of it is the continuing fee of five as someone who wanders around the world. I was asked to speak at the university of what is now called the university he went to. I was asked to speak in a room where in fact the lecture was called the voice lecture. So i thought i should Say Something about dubois. I was able to do that bit of taking around to see what i could find out which i didnt know very much about. At that point i had read the biography which includes biographical discussion nsa is what classes he went to his salon yet i have to admit most of the people he studied with had never heard of. How many of you, raise your hands, note the works at the influential feature . [laughter] could make Daniel Rogers and others. He was one of the most influential academics. One of the founders democratic movement. He was in historical economist im like everybody else heavily viewed the ideas. He was one of the people i got to read. But he also studied with historians and even though he set them aside probably not knowing he was in the room. They feel themselves inferior. Its a measure right inc. But that remark is a nice thing to say. It did not in any way it did not in any way and this is just in case you are wondering, this is raise. So there is this amazing. One is just recovering the scholars of dubois. They also do all but one of the people. Also in america and the department by fire was an offshoot. So we sort of know this is just to recover the temptation is to create africanamerican history pushed the american ancestry to push the continuity of his ideas in the great africanamerican intellectual superseded it. I think it is yet a recognition. It was embedded in the framework and thats also particularly for s. Through the history thats happened and so everything that is said about the nation and culture about black people or about 793 acworth and that is a terrible way to think about things the backwards way of thinking about deans. Its putting the before before the after. Harold bloom used to say that preposterous he deities in the posture is in the original sense. Anyway, so again, the resistance that is an interesting and good thing that which i show there were dangers in the form of nationalist and to some extent. I want to make one point, which i think is hugely important. There was a point that is made for example who went to the university and was working on the great book in the archives nearby in a book called cosmopolitanism in the nationstate. The nationalism and it century in germany and this is true generally speaking the nationalism was in the following sense that the nationalist of their nation as a nation among nations, each of which have a stake in the destiny. It was sometimes put in the metaphor of a choir. The course of humanity only works if everybody sings her life. If we dont contribute our part, we cant make the great harmony that is a human harmony. So far from 19 of our nation necessarily against other nations, it is esteemed and special. It may even be from my point of view better. But it is not necessarily opposed to other nations. Indeed as i say Companies Developing nations to make history work. They make the point that this form of nationalism is central. He makes the point in the early 20th century and he is against it. He thinks that this is a problem. Hes part of the 20th century form of german nationalism, which is not so keen. The 20th century german and could be any type. You have to understand the philosophical, social contacts is one in which it could be an old. It was the natural way of thinking. But he was combined with a growing sense. I am not defending this view. My view is the understanding was wildly inaccurate in many ways because they treated nations as a way in which they arent homogeneous. There are poachers contested. The path dont all fit together. They had this view of one day ill put together. But what i dont think you can complain about is the nice that shakespeare was a german writer, what he meant was the german culture could observe and value sent in from somewhere. And yet he is one of the first people to articulate defense of the german nation as a distinct spiritual guys there. So i think this is where dubois is coming from. It is from very early on. To see this is true to him that theory about the nation and relations among nations and key terms the famous essay of spiritual striving is a key terms and romantic german philosophy and hes not is not innocently. Hes using it in a relatively precise sense when he talks about the National Spirit and so on. Hes using a well honed philosophical language. That was the thing i was trying to discuss the book. I try to do it in a way that didnt require you to know anymore about the german philosophy than i do when i started, which is nothing. And she sort of layout where hes coming from. [inaudible] and in some ways look at that, but i want to first acknowledge the fact that im blessed to be in this place and that was one of the great oaks doors in the United States. Lets just be honest about it. Theyve done just such a magnificent job in this public space. He is the man of letters. I dont know if you read his novels years ago hes written novels as well and its true that we go back 30 years and so many of the others in effect we ended up in new jersey at princeton together urbach to new york and you follow me. But let me begin first with the question of 1861. Through and through. My question is in your mind is deep in one of the grand promoters of cosmopolitan, what is the difference in your view between being a cosmopolitan and internationalized. Especially slang to left intellectual work and left political is that internationalism seems to capture something. Tell me why you receive the difference. Well, i think i think of internationalism is more century political and cosmopolitanism has more broadly cultural. So the sense in which cosmopolitan. Through his evident in things like the fact he celebrate the middle of the book he celebrates the great german opera and he thinks thats the way to talk about when he talks about racism, he never just talks about racism in america. He says africa and asia and islands of the sea and he connects jim crow with colonialism. This is obviously also political, but it is a way of thinking in which you never say im going to see this but that the back of my mind the fact that its also a human problem and has connections with problems across the board. International was some, which has some name if possible for someone like dubois at the end of his life because its only at the end of his life but theyre actually nations. Nigeria as the nation and the thought and the way in which you live in the political dimension is to work in the space of nations within nations were together. So it is through your nationality that you connect. Bad idea existed. But they just say i have a definition, a 30 slogan. I think it has two dimensions. One is kind of moral university. Every human being matters. I havent heard shia everywhere to anybody whom we can effectively know about. The other side if we dont all have to be the same. There are plenty of universality is ordered american perhaps. Whats the best culture . He understand there are different individual collect his ways and it would be a mistake to try to impose one. You could be an internationalist in homogeneity. And so, i think there are different things. Its very natural to be internationalist in the sand and sea and this is perfectly right, you cant respond to the problems as if people in your place matter and they dont and thats the universality and homogenizing people. But they differ and so thats how i think about the difference. When he finally given his passport, but does he do . He goes to moscow. He goes to china and theres a National Holiday in china for a while where w. E. B. Dubois stayed. And then he goes to,stayed. And then he goes to, to see this to African Independent country where he actually settles. I grew up, became an american and then his state funeral was the first ceremonial of the modern state of ghana. One representative that the United States, embassy of government here or here attended this was a great w. E. B. Dubois election of the 20th century. You mix up only in the text. But let me push you with the bill. So we agreed about the the cosmopolitan internationalist, data poor chauvinism, group has them, what about nationalism . How do they deal with the nationstate . Well, i think i sort of written on it face come internationalism is the presupposes. That will matter fundamentally in the same way because it is consistent with recognizing that we matter in the same way. We have the right to live in the way that matters and that is different from each other. Other. Other. How do you make the connection because we all come out of particular soundings and particular bodies and colors and cultures and civilizations. There are the routes that you take relative to those that you have so there has to be some specificity that gears the substance towards the international and it becomes how do you do that. The standard is against [inaudible] it is a very wide range of enemies. That is a deep misunderstanding because people should be able to live in different ways than it does matter and you should be careful of yours. One of the ways in which we live our concern for humanity is by that is where we are. That is where we can do something. So there are reasons for its not the local People Matter for some to do from the objective point of view its that i may have special reasons. They do it in this wonderful way that he has that he never allows you to forget. Hes angry at america only in the way that america can be. Theres a way thathere is a waye angry at your parents and he is angry with america. But so he never loses track of that and of the fact that he has a place in the world but for him is defining as every persons place by the nation, the race, the group in the way that allows you to speak what you are while respecting what the other people are. My father left us and said among other things part of what he meant by that was i dont care where you go. He would be worried if we lived in a place that didnt make that better and so he shares this thought that the way to live to humanity is in part through the local obligations caring about the look out at the end of specific place in which you li live. Of course you and on the note about how this might be the most influential forces in history because it is tied to the imagination so you have the sensitivity to the suffering and the ability to conceive of the different world that we live in that is more just and free and democratic budgets on the provincialism not to be confused with her folky over some that allows you to be rooted. It has been dumbed down in the liberal on page 113 the language is so beautiful he says the concept of race might be a unicorn but its horn can draw blood. Scientifically there is no substance whatsoever to legalize on the ground u through the nationstates and economy and the churches in the synagogues and universities and seminaries and colleges. They know more of the fiction that see it as institutionali institutionalized. Tell us more about that wonderful sentence. When we first knew each other i was a young philosopher and anybody else in this country that had that combination. We are thinking about things. We talk about race and these are understudied ideas that have a shared sense of what the content was at least and i got into trouble because the first thing that i wrote on the topic. I thought that despite the recognition of anybody else and remember in the 20th century it is becoming the concept in some places but the german colonies he is one of the first nonbiological intellectuals to grasp the second attempt what we discover and then write a book though he discovered them independently to see that if it is in that particular way so he saw all of this but nevertheless the abuse that seem to presuppose there was an independent natural reality. Now i still think to some extent that is true, but so i got in a lot of trouble but what he does in one of his autobiographies is caused it is true if you look at his life through that prism all the time he is thinking has philosophically about what it is as the editor for many years the stories dont work so he says it is a social construction and get if it were the social construction some of the stuff that he says he couldnt say. Now, you know, and in fact its one of those things there were certain oppositions that once you see them and recognize them and so hes moving into that frame of mind in which he could live that race is completely socially made but from time to time he goes back to the earlier picture that we went with and many still have which is some kind of natural reality and so one example is that its very hard to explain to give an account, a positive account of the identity that includes both africans in the diaspora that isnt purely negative, thats purely because of racism on his account but its one of his formulations so hes just saying the wall treats them for all kinds of bizarre reasons and there is no rationale that having recognized that when he arrives for the first time, which he does in the celebration he sort of feels the thing we shouldnt be there in the mystical call. [laughter] but, you know, we are under an obligation and i think that he does. But he never quite liked any of the accounts that he gave because it left out this sort of magic of the racial identity and the sense of the powerful sense that he has better to have something deep and positive in comment and i think that he knew that was actually not true. Its possible to have that mistake in what they like about the common humanity, we think so im with another human being and again i was standing next to a small fellow who is just wonderful whose ancestors have been there for a long time and we didnt have any language in common, but there is no question at all whe we look at each othed see the point is the content of the bond with the command is not the same as the content i have with you. So you can have a deep sense of the connection without everything you share with the member of the race. But he does peewee they have distinct gifts to give to the larger human project as it were. I do think that is a thought lets put it that way. I think it is one of the great mistakes because it amounts to thinking that there really is a spiritual thing shared by all of the members in the notion and its not that they dont share with everyone else, so its a kind of spiritual version that hes rejecting and once you see the picture that the individuals have, so do the nations. Each has a spirit. What does that mean . It means that each is told to gather and that there is a kind of coherence that derives from the principles and do so on and everything that is done by the members expressed as the expresl spirit, so thats why when he writes the poet it is an expression. Its also true that when a woman tells a german folk tale it is that the brothers grimm collected he is expressing the german spirit and since his ones. Is vast and cinderella are expressions of the same thing as is beethovens music. That just seems to be wrong. One cannot deny that gift to the world of view of literature that was first talked about in the form of the novel as a distinctive gift that we didnt have that they would go on and on. And in the Classical Music as opposed to the genius playwriting. But there is a historical reason that we can give but there are some real differences. But it would be a terrible mistake to suppose that you could take any off of the side and and adumbrated down in fronf the typewriter and essay writing a russian novel i want to say one thing about the natural culture and they had expected rate cut historical expectations into some of them have to do with the fact of the common language that the common language gives you the kind of intensity of the shared experience that means in the world of literature you have things in common but its hard to share and in that language is worth a form of the language. So, yes those things produced that but look, theres a lot off french and russian novels and a lot of the general speaking. But that is a part of their cosmopolitan and i would be so bold to say that i cannot think of a great moment in the history of the cultures that i know anyway that is and built around interaction and borrowing across the language and the notion, so take shakespeare, the solid form he didnt write his in english. The narrative that he relays come from classical and another one, so you know if you sort of go backwards they had to go to shakespeare and building on it, so i think that that is the sense of the sort of dialogue but always i think the sense of you are available and he was thinking about when he wrote that, so i dont think that of course it is a german poetry and a hold of the contribution. [laughter] so yes of course there are these connections that have to do with a shared community of interaction but i think that is bleeding at the edges and that is what makes it interesting and so when we were doing the studies we should always bear in mind that the people that we are thinking about themselves didnt draw the boundaries. You say that we can even look at the page 93 just reading out loud we can get a sense of the beauty of the language whether it is true or not is an open question. [laughter] it says the character bestowed is the gift of the seventh son and of the duty to develop the special contributions into deliberate the special contribution. Once that ha has happened, howe, the identity need no longer. It could disappear without harm. And in the very course of insisting upon the race had he also remarks on page 139 and 142 and 63 u. Reader eight that. Now is that true in general or is it no that not the case thate were to ever reach that utopian space where there was a justice in the freedom, bu, what if disappear or wha would it simpls a presence that wouldnt be associated with degradation so that people would be able to embrace the difference and not associate with subordinating others based on that difference. Im just responding to what he said which is the comment we believe that dissent as a body to maintain the identity until the mission is accomplished into the idea of the brotherhood is a possibility. So, im just suggesting that y you. We are not expecting this to happen anytime soon. We understand the thing that hes talking about is a long way off but still it is an interesting question whether in that moment of there will be any place left and for the form of the racial identity that we have now. So, i think that here the cases are different. So that is to say i am not saying i have a view about the desirability im just talking about the possibility. I think that we could live with a racial identity and i think that is because we did. They live without the modern forms of the racial identity. We dont have Historical Records with some form of the gender system and furthermore, given the centrality of the human life it seems that while one could imagine the social world in which the sort of range of the biological difference is a great deal less attended to fan it is now i dont think most of us would want to live in the world as it were disappear altogether. Inow, there was a big article in the times magazine the other d day. [inaudible] [laughter] that article us into something that i dont really wish is that there are different forms that will be there forever but that will continue to be the case that it is organized in part doesnt seem to me to disappear. Because so much is being done in the name, one natural response i think that they should be revised but once they go on thats fine. Whether they will go on though there are forms ivy league in the country that i grew up in the form of identity is an extremely important to my father and the identity as a member of the historical nation is fading away and thats fine. Many people that have it. But as an objective matter that would be fine but because people died, that would be bad but because the identities and other forms of identity just sort of drops away. To think about it case by case and it was sort of evidence that the race was essentially constructed as a part of the process of the european domination of people outside of europe that it was obvious that we should just get rid of it. I dont think that anymore. I think that we should see what people want to do. I think that as we struggle to get rid of the racial hierarchy, the form that it takes is bound to change and in particular i think the kind of boundaries which was part of the racial thinking that i think will go away. Infinite ancestry, marrying the son from a norwegian who is also the grandson of a fullblooded dissent, it had interracial . I think is those things happen more and more, the sense that these things answer the question on everybodys either one race or the other or mix, that will go away because it would be impossible to manage a system like that. But that wont mean that this bond away who is marrying this woman was an african indicators deeply of people. He wanted us there to bring some of his grandfathers traditions. So hes not reject them anything, but more and more young people will do that. You and i grew up in the world when my parents married, there was no doubt that was an interracial wedding and it was illegal in virginia. And there are some nice coverage. [inaudible] your mother, she was a gem of rituals. Her spirit was there. She was there. The next spiritually. So i think the world is changing. To say we grew up with the rules of race firstrate. We dont live in that world democrats say. But its going to happen to racial pedigrees . On my profit. I dont know. Thats a philosophical measure, is as clear that it could go away, which has been to put out as time goes on and declare enemies in the person. More democratic and more free. And want to much more. Two things. More egalitarian. This is a different topic, but the other is that we will have a world in which everybody has enough. You start out to me as a Foreign Agent in handcuffs. U. S. Government coming down on him, taking his past work. Just eliminate nuclear weapons. 1,731,951. To that for the question going all night. Were going all night. You have to get cheaper foreign. Secondly make a little time click if you do have a question like that, where to ask at, then the questions can be taken from here. Maybe if people are mulling it over and making their way here, just a quick followup question to your last one, cornell. As why youre asking about the disappearance because i sense was perhaps youre thinking is that there is something politically at stake that if you want to articulate for us a little bit of people line up. The morality, homogeneity or if you can be the endpoint of homogeneity, that might be difficult to even appreciate the differences. But to sever the differences from the hierarchy, that is what i had to find. So in a way, when people are looking back, it may be hard to distinguish their racial identities equalized and democratize in something other than hierarchy and hypothesis that theyve gone away. They are pretty different with the equal. I mean, it is a piece of social psychology that we are terribly thrown to seek to dominate people at the other identities. I mean, it is one of the things we are always at risk of. And so, one has to be very diligent when one is celebrating , you know, im happy to celebrate today at the bloomington, even on the prior prior a world in which the class hierarchy solidifies and their racial identities we can still have been asked. Deep mass. And its just a fact of inequality a ring around the world. Its increased in china, increased in russia. I think weve got a question. If much of it heard the word racial identity, when weve not heard as much his patriotism. I was wondering about the future to some in the next hundred years to come about how thats going to work with Something Like defusing this inception of racial identity. He talked about nationalism. Im the author of cosmopolitan patriots. I have a new concept to say what i think it is. I think if you read my last per per theres a good reason. He hasnt had time in a short life, that he plans to. Yes he does, he plans to do it. I think heres a theory. I do not think thats a terribly helpful way of thinking about it. I think you can say why i did this by Patrick Chisholm is on her and the dominant patriotic sentiments and i think the pride and shame make us by [chanting] wonton amount that we speak and write checks to the aclu and so on because the economy that this terrible thing has been done. So i think that patriotism understood that way. This is not my country right or wrong. Im not endorsing it. I feel that its wrong and not as a political motivation. Our friends in the world if they love us will remind us of the things we are doing when we are doing shameful things and will celebrate its attitude defense, on a hosting. And that is part of the dialogue between people of nationality faith name. Sometimes they criticize chinas free expression. And sometimes the cheney speech in me why dont you focus on the United States . At that most of my time thinking about the citizens in my country. But as a friend of china, someone who cares, i think it is my job, just as it is their job to tell us in the home of the brave and land of the free. Thats not the way a majority black. So i want them to help us. But i want to help them in my way of helping us to celebrate the fact they take the last couple of decades, this is back to people having enough, but also my friend is in prison for 11 years because he advocates among other things the constitution. So i think in the dialogue between people of different nations in the dialogue of fellow citizen of patriotism. Which is at 300 pico, at the air force base this summer, the largest demonstration against wrapping bombs on innocent civilians in the names of the American People is a the magnificent, feature adequate space precisely and they are dishonored with over 200 children have been killed in chasing terrorists and their collateral is the fourth. The dissent itself becomes the fourth of patriotism. Martin luther king maturity to a, a very rich tradition. Im not sure if this quote im not there where its from. The quote is if you dont understand why supremacy, then Everything Else he thought unit will only confuse you. So if i could find out first if you could ask why not and second, is that relevant to that or how is it relevant today . Thats a question for you, brother. Which one . It sounds like some and he wouldnt have said. A few minutes not just the fight against white supremacy, but how it shapes the modern world and the economy and nation statement so forth. Others have allowed us to see just how deeply cut. And to boy of course is part of that. He said many times that the problem is the color line. That is just plain and in the 20th century. There are things you can understand and i suppose opera is 131. Im telling you. In general as he tried to run his hand sort of a nonce darker, it is a nonce character. One should say about, you know, there are no stores come a step and steps backward that is bending the word and things are Getting Better over the long haul and make it worse in various ways. [inaudible] dubois also has this in mind. Hottest integrity face oppression . How dishonesty face deception . At his decency face sonatas for schumer forest . If you want to see the greatest examples of decency and virtue, read the book of frederick douglass, sojourner truth, john cole train, curtis mayfield. Unbelievable integrity in the face of reports, deception. When that same black people have the monopoly on this, but if you want to keep track of integrity, they are going through some holiday still love it. Been hated in intent to raise, but they still got a smile on their face. That is also what he had in mind. Dont look at the positive effects of the different. No rhythm and blues. No emotions, no main ingredient. Within a long time ago luther. So the positive effect that these people who are requesting for that integrity open to everybody. But brother, you have been very patient. First of all, youre recognized a different if i education you mean propositional knowledge. Living together, which are segregated world make very difficult. If you live with a kinder person representing everyday life, doing things together, it is very hard. Not not impossible because i just described Something Like the situation that many of those 59 at germany in the 1920s. So things can go backward. But i think that a background, a world in which we are caught really striving to engage in significant dvds across all the boundaries dividing us, that is a world of not just racism, but where it will be harder to sustain. The most obvious example in recent times in our country has been the consequence of largescale coming out of lesbian an dgay people. You all know lesbian an dgay. 30 years ago you wouldnt have. Its hard thinking you know shouldnt get married. Its easy to think that about people over there. They engage in a form of sexuality that discuss you. Weve seen happen before our eyes and one of the great challenges we face is that we are ill too much a country of segregated. And that means when im singing is just classic thought in case anybody is wondering. This is just a piece of routine service technology. I think were at a more serious yen due because the fact that people sometimes say the forms of segregation and a bit of exaggeration. But still, even if that were a result, there are choices that are having a very bad effect and we have to think about whether we collect to fully stop that for a matter of fact. Of course, there are cautions. Yes, apps locally. I think they are worth paying because in the end, this is a topic of which dubois not a great deal. Intimate team didnt 20th century. He started out thinking that the future is a question, a resolution of knowledge. Maybe knowledge helps. Because bigotry doesnt resolve it, youre not going to solve knowledge. And no objection valid projects, organizing knowledge but i dont think their substitute for the social experience, which is racism. I want to address that just shared power from our unlimited vantage point, the fundamental power or black and brown and red people taken into much poverty, not enough selflove. And you will they respond by sharing of power because its privilege and power at the top and the conclusion once he moved permanently point of view, youve read karl marx, always to which one must pass. Its not a question of agreeing or disagreeing. Youve got to engage the role of oligarchs, corporations, big banks, profitmaking. Thats what marx was talking about. Hes talking about how can they reach a point where everyday people share power as opposed to being dominated and writes insightfully and brilliantly unwanted to be dominated. This is true for women. Its true for lesbian and gay, and so far it, but certainly for black and brown and red. The issue of money and education absolutely important. Howd you end up sharing power . You cannot follow the money and education in the world still the reduce hierarchy. The question is how does that money and education, how is it used in deployed [inaudible] that inserts a radical democrat come even though its twosided and im glad that you point that out. Thank you so much for your patience, too. Thank you are much to both of you. Something ive been troubled by what i feel like ive been seeing a lot of him United States and the Public Discourse of unassertive fetishized of mixedrace identity, multiracial reality. Not just simple fact that it exists, this sort of bad emblematic of our progress in the path towards our progress and taking the theory and exploding it. Part of my concern as they from the latin American Heritage of race, where the use of multiracial reality in latin america is a way to reproduce racial hierarchy and to have an operation of ways privacy. I can see that forms my concern. So i was wondering if you could reflect if you are perceiving this as well and went inside to my shared about how can we cynically and otherwise resist that you submit thought the same time celebrating that people can not who they want to do and form families and want to form not to be labeled an interracial, but that we respect the families in whatever form they should come together, but at the same time not the sort of this mixedrace incentive though exceptional and better than mono racial, a term that ive seen in years. File, it is a great question. Describe magical powers are a mac and to it from the inherent in a racial racial knowledge that is very powerful. Look, i think point of view that once you see how they are being produced, the thought that asset were the scott plakon essence, whitespace and then they come together, but this is preposterous. So yes, it is a fact, but it is the kind of change in our world that we see more physically white and visibly nonwhite people in the public space whether it pushing and mrs. Ursinus and think. The fact that in many places they would relocked up as they were, this is a great day a great thing to be removed. It is not as if im not happy with what is produced is necessarily new identity. You have to decide to turn us into. You cant do this on their own. They declared themselves to be republican. Louisiana pro quadrants. Is this a helpful thing to do. So i was actually against adding to the sentence because i didnt know what the point otherwise. The census is the government instrument, which is used as the governments purposes. I dont know what the point is is keeping track. There is a vast variety of distinct reasons with no uniform explanations. 30 of the people are black so it is fine i know it happened. Here is what happened. Its a perfectly decent paying. Kids that i dont want to have to choose between my mother and my father in deciding who i am. The parents wanted them to take. Thats fine. But we dont need a special category. That is one of dubois central ideas. What is a briefly to the question is i speak as a christian and i went to see the flowering of forms of love in neighboring a variety of different ways across a variety of different boundaries that is at the human level. I think our problem in this country is we still have the white normative gauge. Its a black and white couple and then another couple is black in black. Somehow we get more excited because thats just so wonderful. I thought it was wonderful. Thats love. Its got the same status. But the problem is still there will put more value on the interracial because its all the way down. Not only that, but the notion of the powerful critiques and lets say these human beings are a result of this relationship and therefore they provide a precious challenge. That is the beginning of the answer to the question