Of internship. After they learned the skills necessary to make good cloth, they will be given their freedom, a transitional experiment. When i read this letter i said washington threw that out the coach window is no way that will sell in virginia. That not what he did. He said the letter, endorsed the plan, senate two the governor and said we had to think about kids. In the virginia government in 20 countries in 1990 that of representative road to freedom through work. I didnt invent this. Right in the washington letter book. No historian never noticed this extra possibility that washington was holding out. Now what happened, someone came to him as head do realize that if this guy for the stateoftheart mill to america, you are going to be breaking every International Treaty and International Law that the importation of technology from Great Britain . He said i cant break the law so he went through with the plan. The plan that the good story. The bad story is washington and you can see his picture, an extraordinary slave and man of immense charisma by the name of hercules was the cook had not the white house, but where the president lives. And when washington was on his tour, he learned from the attorney general, the pennsylvania love allowed any slave brought into the state of pennsylvania after six, ub automatically became free and then with congressman or anybody, these guys came on the way up from georgia, south carolina. They thought slavery was forever. And heres the flaw in ted and martha especially went berserk and said we are going to lose our greatest cook in the world. So they tried to pull hercules by telling him just about five in sunday that he was needed active mt. Vernon. But hercules to his credit realized they were fully within and went to martha and said ive worked with you. I am part of your family. Why dont you trust me . You doubt my integrity to go through all this kind of conspiracy against me. Martha broke down in tears because she was dazed and washington was exposed. At the time of hercules, this could, the slave is the only man who forced them to tell a lie. [laughter] its really remarkable. So you see both sides in this. What the other southern founding fathers, he was the only one that freed his own slaves in the deathbed in 1799. We always quote than in all these others. They wrote the words, but they didnt do the act. President washington of course has a welldocumented reputation as a consummate host at mount vernon. Im wondering if youve learned anything what you learned from your research about what he was like as a guest in all these peoples homes and the houses he stayed. Sure. That gas, especially during the 1780s and then after, i mean, it was like people would just appear and say hi, i was just passing through from france. I was just here, lets have dinner. And it was quite annoying. Frankly he got a little tired of it. They give you another aspect of washingtons great to her. People have compared his tour for asked me to compare it to a queens to a queens and kings in called progress is. Queens would go on the road with 60, 70, 80 retainers and dropin at somebodys castle and say, you know, take care. You fit the bill. That was the way of basically keeping the queens treasury full and also remind in the local lord who was boss. Washington announced at the beginning of the tour that he would only stay at public tavern and that he would not take the hospitality of any private individual. He said there were two reasons for this. One is that he was an employee of us, the American People and if he was going to represent us, we should pay for us. It was not the business of private people to come forward. Sackett and brilliantly, he recognized if you are in georgia or New Hampshire and you were the local grand the wealthiest merchant and he stayed at the house, the next day you know what would happen. The person with say i have a special deal. Turn it into a political at vantage. He did not want to be a source of causing faction. He wanted to go on the faction and so he stayed so people said thats really good. Wow, just staying at this tavern. However, if you read washingtons private diary, which i spent any hours doing, you find that he often heated these tavern. They were terrible. The food was awful. They mistreated his sources are the beds were full of bugs. He was a big man with six inches too short and if it were hanging out the end of the bed. He said this is terrible. So i describe washingtons diary as a trip advisor. But dallas for private consumption. The public was that he was a republican leader doing what you should do if you are an employee of government. So the government asked the question disappeared himself. There we go. You are hiding again. So hospitality there were two times when people folded and he got very cross outside of georgetown stayed in the house that he was told and when he got up in the morning to give visa card, no, i dont take your money because this is my house. It was not a good idea to christchurch washington. He did not like to be fooled. That was the one time that i know he stayed in a private home. Yes, i read that George Washington specified that his slaves be freed upon the death of his wife, martha im not wanting to die at the hands of her slaves. She freed the slaves. Well, you may know something about martha that i dont. When washington became very ill in 1799, he was at the deathbed with his loyal secretary tobias lear and washington made it clear that his slaves, washingtons slaves would be freed. Most of the slaves at mount vernon were owned by martha and brought to the marriage from her form a union pestis family. Martha was not at all happy. She did not and that was a good idea. There is some evidence that she was grabbed the anguish she had not done. They treated her days later, but i cannot comment knowledgeably. Professor breen, i have one year wonderful book. I dont remember you covering that is god for a significant period of time on these trips and while the pace of government through this today, did anything go wrong or did anything happen that he had to fix . It is a question that ive thought about that that raises a very difficult issue of constitutional law that to my knowledge no one has really thought about. When washington not done as long tour to the south, the major figures in the government for his cabinet were hamilton and jefferson. And so he told these men look, im going to go away. If anything, you know, comes a comment a little crisis. When i come back, i will rubberstamp whatever you do. They dont have the right to irrigate the responsibility. But if something really big comes up to send a gunboat up the potomac, i will come back and handle it. But dallas a hollow gesture. If youre in savanna, georgia, rushing back is not going to mean much even if you cut over to charleston and took a boat. Its going to be long over. In fact, it was a potentially big problem, but it never came up. Here you go. When george ashington was not a fan of john adams. He was a festive pedantic bore. He wrote this letter to handle 10 then you do what you guided duke. As a footnote, he said by the way of the Vice President still include them in the conversation, the assumption that adams would be up tending the Apple Orchard and maintain government. Washington tried to like atoms. He tried to befriend adams, but at least in my research he was a difficult person to get a lot. She wish i was in a perpetual amount of time. Washington invited adams to accompany him, right in the coach. It was time that adams couldve shown had a sense of the people, but he got one of these powered and said no, no, i am going to write in my own coaching go two days before you go and therefore missed a tremendous opportunity to make his own reputation when Abigail Adams who had the same political is due to massive George Washington, she wrote what are you doing . You should be in that coach. And so, when the coach from boston at two area up to adam scott over his little pout and wrote briefly with George Washington speculating with my wife this morning, but its George Washington, what a political tool. I wonder in your research if you are able to connect anything in washington that round that led to his extraordinary powers. I dont know about his background, but as a jazz man, he was not one of the great families of virginia. He was extremely close this to demand that became a surrogate other. I think saw batman, the brother as a model. When he died, washington was more or less on his own. He was never close to his mother. Not a pleasant relationship. Washington learned somewhere along the way with extraordinary selfcontrol of the motions. Often guarded to the point and seemed aloof. He had a sad of leadership that came across in this trip, how pleasant it would need some other political leaders listen. He took counsel and then made decisions time and time again. And i get ready for this . He had no problem changing his mind. Family on fox news, you know, saw including the gentleman in American History early on. You should use black church armed like troops. And thats actually a pretty good idea. It said should inoculate the true. He came around. Each is. Yeah it was better shot field answer appears. These are great questions. Youre bringing up elements of the book. A lot of the conventional wisdom about the relationship reach wayne hamilton and washington related to your original remarks about discoveries, about washingtons string as a political leader. I wonder whether your views about the relationship between hamilton and washington in terms of when using the other as a political tool, what they are and whether they were changed in connection with the tool. Fair question about hamilton and washington. I will try to answer your question, sir. I say it is a speculation based on my own research and i concentrated on this tour time so there may be an element that would cause this to moderate those opinions. Washington had great admiration for hamilton and brilliance as an economist and frankly i dont think washington understood half of what hamilton said about the various reports about industry and finance. But a trusted hamilton and thats another sign to leadership that he knew how to delegate disposability in this case the hamilton. Hamilton had been a difficult person and washingtons life outside the purview of the book at the end of the word on the officer corps of the Continental Army had not been paid and were very restless. There was suggestion that they would be a coup of the officers. It was a really sad moment and washington saved the day in one of his famous speeches and you probably heard have gotten old serving my country and ive grown blind and he fiddled with the glasses and said whatever, we will do it. But hamilton had tried to use this potential army to to gain more power for the confederation government. Washington was very strong letters to hamilton in the mid1780s. In one line i do remember is like an older very, very successful military officer talking to a young headstrong guy. He said remember, an army is a dangerous thing to play with. In republican government, this is out of bounds. And several other times, hamilton impetuosity became a problem. I believe in the later years when hamilton thought there was a rising that people in western pennsylvania, he manipulated washington two coming out of retirement and taking command briefly. It was a really ugly moment. There were no rioters and washington was embarrassed. Frankly i see the relation of these two men as a tension filled and not altogether glorious story. My reading was that if there was a man that washington regarded as a sign that he didnt have a knack came across the research as his closeness, absolute love of lafayette and lafayette was then of course in france and you can feel the emotional intensity of these letters. Thank you very much. Thank you for having me. [applause] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]. Today we have kentaro who is an associate professor at the university of Michigan School of information. He also founded Microsoft Research india where he created a group that did technology for emerging