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The pictures in the science book about a straw being driven through a telephone pole. Well, if you have got anything like rocks debris stone buildings and such they rip around at a couple hundred miles per hour. Those are deadly. If you are out and do not have cover you can be easily killed by that. If you have taken cover in the building collapses around you, that is equally bad. There are even people who can take refuge in a good basement if it is a strong after nato it can still collapse things on you, and a lot of people are killed by falling trees, not to mention the other thunderstorm risks lightning, things of that nature. Motorcycle. Motorcycle. So many injuries are caused by injuries from flying debris. Show that a lot of subs could have been prevented if someone that just one helmet one thing we talk about severe whether, three or four in the afternoon, kids are home from school by themselves. How do you convey the message . They have easily communicate on a much different level than you will. One thing that i started i started doing as a result of outbreak, i no it is the law that the kids outdoor bike helmets. If you have a bike helmet grab that, grab some pillows, grab some blankets, grab your favorite teddy bear, charity the up as loud as you can. Its one thing and communicating the message meant something and communicating the message went Something Like this is happening to me you have to remember your audience. Receiving in different ways use your gps to warn you. Something that i thought was really worth knowing. If this is the county. The other girls that way generally. If you live down here doing this because it is in your county your account which is kind of unfortunate because people here them a lot. Last time we might not do it in recent years there have been a lot of discussion about the effectiveness all right. Great. Right. Great. There is some level of complacency were people here something in the night. You hear a tornado siren. But how do you respond to that. Social media is just keep. Twitter, facebook i use several as a backup obviously. Really, one of the most important things that you cannot go wrong with his film. I still have one. There are there are a lot of friends of my network tv stations in tornado and whether prone areas. They have drives where they will promote them in a supermarket, program them from the person and get those out. I still think that even with the best technology the simplest one is among the most effective. And they will wake you up if there is even a a chance of Severe Weather it will wake you up in the middle of the night which is important because some people died because they did not wake up i think we have to wrap it up now. Were running against the end of things. Actually if we have one brief question i think that we can take one more question. Something very brief. Otherwise i would like to leave everybody with the all right. All right. What is the topic for your next book. I am not sure yet. I have a couple of thoughts but i have not now one down yet. I would like for it to be a narrative Nonfiction Book that involves pouring in the story arc. I am kind of looking but im not sure, not married to tornadoes are Severe Weather it has to have a powerful human story and an art that will keep you interested. I want to i want to thank you all. If i could lead the family with one leave with one important message, take the warning seriously, what do you like it or not will feel like an idiot for hiding in the bathtub when no one else does. In any event, do consider it seriously. I would like to thank you all for coming and especially think cam for her nice book and for being here with us. [applause] thank you all very much. In 1995 Oklahoma City was bombed, oj simpson was tried for murder, president met Monica Lewinski in the white house, and the internet began to be widely used. This is about 45 minutes. Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen and welcome to the studio. Another edition of inside media. Weekly program Weekly Program where we talk with journalists, newsmakers and others about issues and books. Im your host. On the Senior Program manager here. Happy knew year, everyone. As we say, i years and perhaps good riddance to a somewhat tumultuous to get 2014. We welcome in 2,015 with a resolution. Hopefully that will be a prosperous one. A momentous year or even a watershed year. We discussed the new book that takes us back 20 20 years and reminds us in the the 1995 was exceptional your theyre effect still reverberate today. American university. His last book, getting it wrong, was a provocative book which in 2101 the society of professional journalism, National Award has lectured at the library of Congress Help develop and write as many of the permanent exhibits. Some watershed years are immediately obvious. How did you realizes it was one of those. You can really see in retrospect some passage of time was a critical distance how important that moment in particular time that year was. And in many respects it has to have lasting consequence in reverberate through the years. I would argue that 1995 was both a watershed a watershed year, a hinge moment that one could detect at the time as well as with the passage of 20 years now. The verdict in the o. J. Simpson trial in october 1995 was a flashbulb moment for many people. People. People remember where they were when they had the verdict in october of 1995. Similarly with the bombing of the Oklahoma City Federal Building it was the worst deadliest act of domestic terrorism and American History, and people history, and people remember where they were when that happened, to. This year would be a memorable year in many respects. The Research Process the next book. In the back of my mind was a proper prospective topic to take on in book link depth. I remember the end of 1995. What is called the year of the internet and is explained why 1995 was the year of the internet. This was in hyperbolic terms nonetheless is stuck with me and was one of those back to the burner kind of notions back to the burner ideas. And we and we were angling for the publisher and the 20th anniversary i. E. 2015 to bring out the book now at the anniversary. And it made sense in that regard, but it was very much of a hinge moment, a watershed year not only for the events i mentioned a moment ago, because with the passage of time we could see how important the emergence of the internet into mainstream american consciousness was an you can define 1995 as a time when we the internet to cold. It was not invented in 95, but it was the year in which people sort of became aware of it. Mainstream americans became aware of it. Not everyone was online, but everyone knew and heard about it and was the year that quentin met lewinski and is only in retrospect that the effect of the scandal became clear. But the scandal but the scandal took place or began to emerge, if you we will, a few years after. It had both effects for more of those flash bulb moments when you knew right away was going to be a memorable year but also with the passage of time a year in which the significance of importance of time became more obvious. Lets get into some of these events title i. Lets play a sound that may be familiar to many of you put that all of you in this room. Can you explain that sounds to the people under 15 or 20 years old . Into the 21st centuries. What were over the key things that happened that really propelled the internet to the powerful medium it yesterday . The discussion of a lot of Media Attention. That helped propel the interest. Also was also was a time in which many of the mainstays of the Digital World and have the start. Down in the online world in many respects. Ebay the predecessor began imagining. Also the year that match. Com got going. Online dating and relationships also began to take shape. A great anecdote in the book literally on his knees stuffing books into packages to synapse people. Special kneepads. That made a lot more sense. It suggests if you will the primitive nature of some of the early online effigies that have become so dominant and important. I want to ask you command we have a headline from the mercury news announcing are you ready for the internet. How did the Mainstream Media treat the emergence of the internet . Obviously the internet has not been a good thing for the newspapers nationwide worldwide. Thats right. Actually, there were two ways in which the internet was discussed and presented in mainstream traditional media in the mid 90s including the headline that you see here inviting people to take a look get online and see what the hype was all about. On the other hand, a lot of media leaders were saying, we dont think the internet will ever amount to much. It will never supplant traditional media in any respect. There were a lot of people who were taking misplaced confidence in the notion that the internet was a small and that the audiences for online news was so small that it was not going to make a big difference and these included eminent news men and women women, including the likes of Jean Robertson New York Times. He was saying that from a print standpoint online audiences for news will remain very small into the foreseeable future. He was right about 1995. 4 of americans went online, with any kind of regularity to get news, but of regularity to get news, but within a few years that number to shut up. As you say, the devastating effects. But the dominant reaction to the threat of a challenge was typically one of confusion and an inclination to poohpooh that, to dismiss that, to dismiss it. On the other hand, there were some outlets who said this is how we do it. Get online. The 2nd major event that you chronicle in the book is of course, the tragic Oklahoma City bombing in april 1995. Tell tell us where terrorism ranks in the National Consciousness . You know, before the Oklahoma City bombing. Interesting question. The number one issue for many people now, of course. Where do you think it right then . Perhaps not the most dominant issue. The o. J. Simpson trial obliterated everything in terms of Media Attention and landscaping 95, but terrorism was low level, but it was a nagging concern. Just a couple of months before the Oklahoma City bombing, less than that actually the 1st to track to have 1st attack in the World Trade Center which really put terrorism on the front burner for many americans. Also at that time the unabomber was still at large in 1995. In 1995 his manifesto was released. He issued his manifesto dash that the New York Times published. And they and they did they went ahead and published in its entirety in a special a special section in the Washington Post. Terrorism was on the table and domestic terrorism was the reaction to the Oklahoma City bombing was such that most people immediately initially thought that he was the work of international terrorists, middle east terrorism. In the 1st hours and days after the attack, but it really was a devastating attack. The deadliest single attack of domestic terrorism in United States history. Nineteen children, many of them in a Day Care Center in the Federal Building that was the target of the bomber , but it struck deep into the american heartland in a very surprising way. What was the biggest, you know, the result change as a result of that attack . Well, it began to initiate restrictions and American Life, preemptive restrictions, if you will, designed we will, designed to keep the terrorist attack from happening again. Less than two months after the attack in Oklahoma City about six weeks later the two block section in front of pennsylvania avenue was closed to vehicular traffic a direct and dramatic response to the threat, to the prospective threat of domestic terror of a truck bomb. A truck bomb. They did not want the white house to become a target for domestic terrorism. That block of pennsylvania avenue was shut off and remains close to this day. No chance that it will ever be reopened. The Washington Post and washington global figures were opposed to close in that section of pennsylvania avenue. The post was saying it never was closed during world war ii, the war of 1812, when the british invaded and burned washington and now were going to close it because of the prospective threat of terrorism . Yet it was. The chance of it ever being reopened this years. That was an example of a broader mentality that began to take hold in shape in the aftermath of the Oklahoma City bombing. As restrictions and limitations on American Life became ever more pronounced than ever more apparent in the aftermath. But we can trace those restrictions to the Oklahoma City bomber pretty clearly. And other major event which you have mentioned. The famous mug shot of o. J. Simpson. The. The trial, of course, the murder happened in 1994. Exwife and ron goldman. Almost all 1995. Then in october millions of americans gathered in front of their duties to watch the verdict productivity in the United States plummeted for the halfhour. Tell us how this, why this ordeal fascinated us so much . It had everything. It had issues of race sex to a degree. It had highpowered lawyers. Simpson was a multimillionaire former professional football player, something of an actor in movies, various movies command he had the resources to organize and recruit a legal team that was allowed he and his gaze to go toe to toe with what the state could muster. In fact, the defense team was so effective in neutralizing some of the best evidence of the prosecution that the acquittal of o. J. Simpson became, in my view inevitable. The verdict was announced the country essentially shut down. People refuse to get on their flight and telling you what the verdict was. Press conferences on capitol hill were closed. Senator Joe Lieberman said, not only would you not be here i wouldnt be here either. The appointed hour. Set for the reading. That made more of a flashback. Quex he requested the verdict be announced right away as soon as it was reached and after the reactions and intentions would have been far less. But youre right it became a flashbulb the people remember to this day of that age 25 or older they remember where they were when it happened. Not happened. Not only in front of a tv set, but radios and even wordofmouth. What is interesting, not a major source of news one of the last big events in American History in which the internet really didnt figure. The Washington Post put out a bulldog edition is a headline. One last question. One last question. The last contribution of the trial was the use of dna evidence. Frankly handling dna evidence. The 1st prominent criminal trial in American History in which dna evidence figure prominently. Not the 1st time dna evidence have been introduced into a criminal trial by any means but it was the 1st on the prominent high profile much followed widely reported on trial had been. It is interesting it is interesting that some of the most tedious moments of the child came during the presentation, discussion and examination of the dna evidence. It was tedious, just tedious, just went on and on and on and on. Nonetheless it became one of the most lasting consequences of the trial. Dna evidence it entered the mainstream consciousness. Here is the Wonderful Technology that could be used to define or describe just how and whether a person is criminally guilty or not. During the investigation of the crime very sloppy. Prosecution presented this evidence and that offense was able to just tear it apart because it was a sloppily handled, sloppily gathered, sloppily prepared and analyzed. After the trial there were improvements made in the processing coming in the collections of dna evidence. A very popular kind of way. Finding element. And it is not the substance trial direct consequence but helps accelerate and stimulate. Thats right. A tight program. Two more events. We have cspan here today. I do invite you to line up and have questions. Right behind us. Joe will be selling copies of the book following the program and you can get a signed copy. If you are using twitter, i hope your using inside media and the handle at museum at museum. You revisit the us book on piece talks. It was a complicated and multifaceted concept in the book. The majority of americans are not even familiar. Tell us a little bit little bit about why that is another pivotal event for you . The us brokered these negotiations. The United States policy was to defer to the europeans in trying to resolve the conflict some kind of conclusion and bosnia in the summer in july of 1995 8000 muslim boys and men were herded off and executed by Bosnian Serbs paramilitary forces, when that happened that atrocity in the terrible war, it became very clear to us commentators and was, foreignpolicy experts and eventually the Clinton Administration that is something had to be done, the us had to move on. The primary reason the the United States moved data brokered a deal. Bribed the presence of bosnia, serbia, and croatia the Patterson Air force base just outside of dayton and that theyre essentially for three weeks and telling herod out a deal an agreement that not only into the war but preserve the bosnian state as an entity within which there were to sort of fairly rigid entities one a federation of crimes and the other a service to public. It led to a sense of hubris and american foreignpolicy in the years after bosnia. It was clearly the 1st major foreignpolicy success of the Clinton Administration. And in the aftermath the United States foreignpolicy became more muscular, if muscular, if you we will, even more aggressive, willing to take on. In 1998 clinton orders the bombing of iraq to degrade into downplay somewhat the political weapons that Saddam Hussein was believed to have had. But in order the bombing of serbia in the close and because of the war. Of course, the serbs to give up rebellious province of kosovo. In that kind of approach, muscular, aggressive approach to foreignpolicy continued after 9 11 911 with the us incursion and invasion in afghanistan and then the usled invasion of iraq in 2,003. This muscular approach took on great dimensions multiple dimensions the aftermath. To help police the agreement drawn into the conflict did not happen that way. Why were the piece talks held then . It was inspired. The us military is pretty pronounced. And get together in a very confined area, very safe area beyond the reach of the press beyond the gates of the Patterson Air force base and dating close enough to washington dc that is ranking us officials needed to get there such as the secretary of state to did drop in from time to time needed to get to dayton he could in an hour. He met the test. We are ready for questions. If anyone wants to line up. Questions are being taped for cspan. I should actually end with president Clinton Monica lewinsky affair. As the affair began in 1995 during the Government Shutdown the white house was understaffed. Doing more administrative work. How did that entire affair shift this course of american politics . It led to the astonishing spectacle of the impeachment of a sitting us president. The 1st time time elected us president had been impeached. The by segment. He looking back 15 years or so, its hard to believe that this is the outcome of the scandal. Clinton of course, accused of obstruction of justice, lying under oath, perjury. Those charges were pretty severe. And the way that the case was presented to congress and tried the senate really separated in a very clear way republicans and democrats. And that kind of disparity cleavage if you will show up again in the senate and the senate vote neither of those won a majority. It is like 50 50 and 5545 and the island. Those partisan differences to be pronounced and continued to ces continued and continued to be continue to be pronounced and continued to define american Political Landscape it will be a mistake to say because of the Clinton Lewinsky scandal a continues to be a contributing factor. In her early 40s. Made pretty clear that she is not going to go completely away. I dont think shes an actor, she is out there. Her case, the scandal remains a. Of interest, fascination in the american political scene. As we approach 2016 and potential president ial candidate hillary clinton. Will this become an issue in that race . You know, it might. It might. There are analysts far more insight that i have, but i think that it certainly might. It may come up tangentially. I cannot see it being brought up deliberately and aggressively and the debates with her republican opponent but then again we are assuming that hillary is going to be running for pres. President. There is a school of thinking out there who was bill clintons press secretary who has doubts. Sixtyeight. A whole other show. Yes. Sure. I. My name is dave price. I come here to to listen to them as questions. An observation that supports your book you say that we remember these things at the time of the adjacent subvert i was teaching in new jersey predominantly africanamerican schools but 75 to 25. , predominantly africanamerican schools but 75 to 25. And of course we were watching. And you talk i wish i had a picture of that, the reaction of the two different groups. One student ran out in the hallway just screaming for joy, came back and apologized. And and i wondered something history of ferguson all things cometh there will be a trace back to that moment when the myth of post Racial Society was more or less revealed there. All books have to end. What would have been your six . Sixth chapter . Five events. The 200s. Did you two hundreds. Did you have one that you toyed with the did not quite had a six chapter. That would take a a look at the 1st confirmed discovery of an xl planet. Xo planet, you ask . An extrasolar planet revolving around the sunlight star beyond the solar system. I have that in their as a potential 6th chapter. During 1995 the 1st confirmed discovery of an xl planet in the consolation of pegasus was confirmed. And it i thought, was a small but important stepping stone in the search for extraterrestrial life. And since 1995 hundreds if not a couple of thousands of planets have been discovered, many of them discovered by the space telescope the year before last. But nonetheless discovering and identified many other potential prospective xo planets revolving around sun like stars. Some of them resolve around stars that are sort of kind of like the sun and kind of at a distance as earth is from its sun. There are these planets that have been found that existed that astronomers have called the goldilocks zone. Not too hot, not too cold and might be candidates for finding life outside of earth. That would be one hell of a big a big story. I we will be a watershed moment for sure. But the i think it was that it was maybe not all that welldeveloped. A full chapter to discuss. I can practice that discussion. Found in the introduction of the book. Your observation about reaction to the oj verdict, pretty striking. And it did seem to reflect racial divisions in america. A lot of people were remarking about that. At the same time its very interesting and often overlooked. The same time in 1995 late summer or early fall powell was being identified and seen as a prospective president ial candidate in 1996 on the republican ticket. Clinton was really preoccupied by a prospective candidacy of colin powell. On the biz he was out with a memoir an autobiography that was well received and attracting huge crowds. A lot of people were lining up to get powell book, get his autograph and so forth. This is exactly the same time as the o. J. Simpson trial was reaching its culmination in los angeles. So it is often overlooked. How to square his popularity with the reaction of the simpson verdict. Both are vying for attention, but most people did focus on the reaction to the simpson verdict. Am happy to take any more questions. Questions. We have one right theyre. Go ahead. Maybe the media got it wrong. Im sorry . The dim view. A dim view. A very interesting question. In some respects that might even be the case. Some of the flaws in the news media remain flaws in media performance not on the same exact issue but one real. Of comparison and commonality is the reaction to the Oklahoma City bombing and the Quick Response to the us news media with print broadcast to identify suspected middle east terrorists they leave the nonetheless pretty pointedly identified this act is one of middle east terrorism. It was a kneejerk almost reaction by the news media to the Oklahoma City bombing command we see this kind of quick reaction, accurate reaction and other calamities, other events the shootings of newtown connecticut a couple of years ago our example of how the news media in the early hours, the 1st hours after this can get it sadly wrong. I think some of the themes the subtext, if you will about the media and 95 this is not about the media, but nonetheless it is a subsidy. We see some recurrence of these themes and issues and problems with the media then and now. A very good question. Go ahead. Thank you. I want to applaud you on choosing this particular year as a watershed year. My question that was actually the year i 1st came to dc as a a news intern with the Washington Center for politics and journalism. And i remember some of my colleagues have asserted that the oj trial actually distracted several people from covering policy and other important things are happening at that moment. Do you feel that that is true . I dont believe it was a zero sum game, although the news Media Attention was intense, unrelenting, and it was coming you know, inescapable. So i could see how news budgets, as they were, flustered back in 1995 and they are today, but i could see herself could see how saw that was devoted to covering the oj trial. And in the preliminary, too. Six months before 1995, six months after the killings and in the star of start of the trial in january 1995 really very intense times in which National Enquirer in late 1994 was breaking all kinds of developments related to the simpson case. So im sure that was one of many effects. There was a newspaper in georgia i believe, a small newspaper that said you know we are going to ban all news about o. J. Simpson. This was during the trial. We have had enough of this case and we dont want anymore about this so they announce on the front page it was going to stop covering and stop reporting about the simpson case. So that was another more dramatic and extreme reaction to the case. But one of man

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