[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] good evening. Thank you for coming. Im liz huettel, Deputy Director of event at politics prose book store. We are were in at the throes of another dynamic season of events. Please check out our webs for more information weapon also host event at our book store and we offer wide range of cultural tripsliterary classes and book clubs, please stop by and visit us. But tonight we have the honor of welcoming leon panetta. Mr. Panetta has a long and storied career as a public servant. In 1976, he was elected u. S. Congress, where he represented californias 16th 16th Congressional District for 16 years. He acted as president clintons director or the United States office of management and budget and then as his chief of staff from 1994 to 1997. He founded the leann and Sylvia Panetta institute for Public Policy, and in 2009, he became the director of the Central Intelligence agency. From 2011 to 2013 he was the 23rd United States secretary of defense under president obama. Tonight mpanetta comes to us with a new memoir, worthy fight. Hexanes his life and political legacies with a focus on his time as secretary of defense himself unwavering sense of moriality and belief in the exhausting work of public satisfies radiates off every page. As david writes in the Washington Post, panetta comes across as man who has never shirked a fight he thought was right. Tonight he will be in conversation with Michael Mike Allen with opolitico. He is the man the white house wakes up to. He has written for publications include time, Washington Post, and the New York Times nice. , as bob woodward declared you dont have to do anything else, just read mike allen. They will be in what promises to be a lively conversation, roughly 40 minutes. Afterwards well invite you to join in with questions. Ladies and gentlemen, mess help me welcome leon panetta and mike allen. [applause] thank you very much. Welcome to all of you here. Someone point out this is more expensive than hbo and ondemand. So well try to make that worth why. Mr. Secretary before we start here, do you want to say hello . Id love to say hello to my rabbi. Jeremy bash. Who is my chief of staff and his lovely wife, robin. [applause] and jeremys parents are here as well. Thank you for coming. Want to thank politics and prose, and this amazing setting. Welcome to those in balcony. We appreciate as we kick off, secretary, you have been out for a week now, talking about worthy fights. You have another week to go, youre about to head to california. Earlier today, did you get tougher questions from the readers at gw or at costco . [laughter] guest costco was kind of tough. People are shopping big. Shopping for big things there, and they want you to deliver the best product you can, and i told them, read the book. Host pretty good. So, mr. Secretary, as we heard, in the introduction, you have worked in city government, federal government, you have been a republican, democrat, youre a lawyer, an army intel officer, you have been longtive assistant, special assistant, executive assistant, which in as director of the u. S. Office of special rights, congressman, white house budget director, white house chief of staff, so what is left on your bucket list . Guest well, im waiting for the popes position to open up. [laughter] i enjoy being back home in carmel valley, as i said, i have a walnut ranch out there and its nice to be home working with a different set of nuts. Im enjoying that. Host almost all of your Life Experiences and your positions are enviable but you have done one thing im not sure everyone here would be jealous of. You have been roommates with senator schumer. Guest yeah, we were all kind of bachelors back here and our wives were back in the district, and we came back to washington and we were all kind of living separately, and George Miller had a house up on the hill, and George Miller eventually we were all friends and would good out to din. He said why dont we all kind of Stay Together . So we all moved into George Millers house and it was four congressmen, myself, George Miller, of course, our already, chuck schumer, and a guy named marty russo from illinois, and chuck sumer and i were on the bottom floor and he slept on the couch, and i had a bed that i moved into one corner of the room downstairs. This was truly animal house. This is really animal house. And chuck was the kind of person i mean, chuck would munch on anything. My son every once in a while would come back and stay with me, and he would buy cereal because we didnt have any cereal there. We didnt have any food. We just most of the time ate out. So he would by cereal for himself, and schumer, before heed go to bed, would eat the damn cereal. And my son would always wake up and say, what he hell happened to my cereal . I said, im sorry, thats schumer took care of that. So, its an early washington lesson. Host mr. Secretary, you lived the most amazing life and for those of us here in washington theres so many aspects to learn from, and to in wow forthy fights you go back to the beginning and talk about when you were running for congress, and you talk about tip oneill, later was your speaker, came out to campaign for you and it didnt go so well. Guest well, no. Tip came out and it was wonderful to have him. Big irishman from boston, came out, and we did a fundraiser with democrats, and tip went up there and he said, i just i want you to do Everything Possible to work for leo panetta. Host in good friend leo. Guest and he said it several times, and fortunately most of the crowd kind of took it in stride because he was enjoying himself. He had a few scotchs and was in good shape. And everybody enjoyed the evening, but from then on, when i did get elected, and i went to congress, there was another congressman whose name was norma net a. He was japaneseamerican. And tip would constantly wind up calling me norm, and called maneta leon, and the real problem was the Carter White House screwed it up as will. The Carter White House, when they italian Prime Minister came to town, they invited norm maneta to the white house. And when the japanese Prime Minister came to town, they invited me. And finally norm and i put a Baseball Team together and we said wed played under the sign of the rising pizza. This was our team. Host one thing we see in this book, mr. Secretary, is wheeling and dealing with congress, see you helping one pass for president clintons crime bill. We saw in speaker oneill a very effective what is that he did and you did then that now is missing . Guest they rolled up their sleeves, and wanted to get it done. Probably the best way to say it. Tip oneill, who was political, democrat from boston, all politics was local with tip, but tip had a heart that i think was unmatched in terms of wanting to do the right thing for the country. And so whether it was reagan or carter or whoever was president , tip was really devoted to trying to help not only the president but the country, and so even though it might be somebody from the opposite party, he felt it was important to move legislation, to move proposals forward. Ill never forget with Ronald Reagan, when reagan was riding a high, and we brought the bug to the floor, and i was on the Budget Committee at the time, and we brought the budget to the floor, and we lost the budget book. Lost the budget book. Which is devastating to Majority Party to wind up bringing a budget to the floor and have it be lost. But a lot of the southern democrats sported Ronald Reagan and that happened. And tip didnt miss a beat. Lost it, republican budget came up, it was passed, he didnt stop it. He didnt shut down the congress. He basically said, this place votes by majority rule, and it did. And he lost the vote. But he said, were going to move on, and we did. And what was refreshing about him was that i think he really respected the fact that the house as an institution has to have the opportunity to vote on issues, and he also believed you hear it talked about now, which is regular order. But what regular order meanses the way the damn legislative process is supposed to work. President sends up a proposal, it goes a committee, goes to a subcommittee, subcommittee holds hearings, subcommittee marks up, goes to the full committee, full committee marks up, adopts the bill, goes to the rules committee, and then goes to the floor, where amendments can be offered on the floor. And that process allows members to be a part of the process, which is missing today. If members can be part of the process, if they can be engaged, then they own a little piece of that bill. And as a result of it, theyll help move it through. Thats why a lot offings in my time was bipartisan. Host thats also Something Else missing now, that adept working of congress, and you have said that there was a grand budget bargain to be had between boehner and the president. Why didnt that happen . Guest well, you know, look, first and form most foremost, i remember when the whole simpsonbowles recommend came out this was a commission that the president appointed. The president when they reported their report, and it was bipartisan, some members that didnt support it, but it had a bipartisan vote supporting simpsonbowles, and the president asked me, should he support it . I said, you should. You should support this, mr. President. Its your commission, theyve been working at it, its bipartisan, you may not like each of to the pieces but the fact they came together is important. And i said, look, if you support this, chances are the congress is going to have hard time with this proposal. But you will be in the right place. Youll be in the right place. Well, for whatever reason, he didnt support it, and so we go to the budget negotiations, and there was this kind of back and forth, and joe biden was kind of leading the charge, trying to develop an approach. I think there was a moment there where everybody kind of stood by what they thought they had agreed to, that we could have had a budget, but there was some lastminute wavering and i dont know whether it was the president or boehner probably both of them, they were getting heat probably. Boehner getting heat from the republicans. Im sure the president was getting heat from the democrats. But at that point, when there has somewaverring, that i think spelled trouble then. Host i know that you hear an earful as well from people on Congress Democrats as muching a republican how they feel neglected by this president. Why is it that he has never managed that relationship with the hill, even with the democrats . Guest i think that part of the process in this town has to be the engagement with people who are in political positions up on the hill, who you may not like. Let face it. Governing is tough. Governing means you have to deal with people you may not like. 435 members of congress, 100 members of the senate, all from different parts of the country, some are smart, some are not smart, in are honest, some are dishonest, some want to do the right thing, some dont. Its a real mixture. Its crosssection of america represented up there. And there are a lot of people particularly today theres probably more in terms of numbers of people that are just very tough to deal with. And yet, the challenge in legislation is to engage people. I mean, why host why doesnt the president do that . Guest i think the president believes that part of it is that he presents an issue and the logic of an issue, and that people should embrace it, and he is not the difference between bill clinton and president bara, both are extremely bright, both capable, quick studies when you brief them in terms of understanding issues, they ask great questions, and deep down, both want to do the right thing for the country. Make no mistake about it. They want to do the right thing for the country. The difference is, bill clinton loves the political engagement. Loved the process of rolling up your sleeves, dealing with individuals. He loved politics. He loved dealing with members. He knew every members district, members would come in and he would say to them, youre running the wrong campaign. You know, youre running on the wrong issues. Let me tell you what you ought to run on. And he would tell them what the issues were they would run on. And so he was engaged in that process, and that makes a difference. I think president obama is not into that kind of personal political engagement. He wants to work with people, he wants to work with people on the issues, but to get it done, its like everything else, it is a personal process of basically wooing people, listening to them, understanding what their needs are, understanding how you can convince them what is in their interests to do the right thing. It is that entire process that ultimately results in getting things done, and that is where the president has to engage in terms of dealing with the issues that now confront the country. Host one of the many personal relationships you explore in your book is your relationship with the former Prime Minister of israel. Clear lay lack of trust there. Tell us about that. Guest he and i were friends going back to the Clinton Administration when i was chief of staff. I had the opportunity to work with ehud. We developed a strong friendship. He has a really remarkable background in terms of the history of his family, and he always used to ask me the history of my family, and i told him that. So we both kind of shared just warm family histories. He played the piano. I play the piano. Host who better . Guest im sure he is better. But we both enjoyed classical piano, and he is somebody who i found you could really talk with in terms of what is in the interests of israel, whats in the interests of the United States, and how can we Work Together to try to serve the interests of both . And as defense minister, when i was secretary of defense, we had some tough issues to deal with because at one point, netanyahu had indicated that israel was prepared to go ahead and strike iran, because they were very concerned that iran was developing this enriched fuel, that they could speed to the development of a nuclear weapon, and so their feeling was, this represented a threat to the state of israel, and they had the obligation thats how they viewed things they had the obligation to protect their country and thats what they were going to do, and i can remember president was worried about that. That we were suddenly going to have a war break out in the middle east. I talked with ehud about it. I said, look, we share the same goal. We do not want iran to have a nuclear weapon. But if you attack them, youre just going to give them black eye, theyre going to come back you will have destroyed the International Coalition that has developed all of these sanctions and put pressure on iran. I said, and besides that, theyll then come back with a vengeance in terms of developing a nuclear weapon. Whereas if you if we do this together, United States has an even greater capability to make sure that we really do damage to their ability to develop enriched fuel. And we talked it through. And ultimately ehud thought that we did have a better capability to frankly do it if we had to i think the combination of him, talking with netanyahu and others, convinced him that they were willing to hold off until we could see what happens with iran and ultimately the negotiations. So, it was a strenuous moment for me, but the joy i had was working with him. We also worked together on providing military aid to israel, and one of the weapons we provided to them was a weapon that involves the missiles that can strike down the missiles that were coming out of gaza recently, and it was very effective. At bringing down those missiles, almost 90 in terms of effectiveness. And we both of us were responsible for helping to put that weapon in place. Host in the introduction we just heard there was a quiet from a very favorable review of worthy fight in the by david ignatius. The headline of the review is why didnt panetta speak up sooner . Would it have been better to speak out at the time and perhaps resign on principle . Guest well, frankly issue was always one who believed in speaking up and letting the president know my views. I never hesitated that way and i have done that throughout my life. I always thought it was important. I did it with bill clinton and with barack obama, which is to tell them what you think. Tell them if you think theyre going to do the right thing or the wrong thing, they may not like you, they may not like your views, but on the other hand they should. President of the United States should not have just a bunch of yes people around him. Host does this president have that . Guest i think at the time i was there with the National Security council, no, there were a lot of people host what about now. Guest secretary gates and secretary clinton others that spoke their mind. I dont know now. I honestly dont itch cant speak to how it works now there some good people there, obviously, but host do you worry there arent enough voices . Guest i worry that you have got to have individuals on the staff or in the National Security council that are will tolling challenge what is being presented and tell the president about their concerns about certain paths that it may be taken. That is extremely important. I cant tell you how true this is, but ive seen it as chief of staff to bill clinton, and ive seen it in the white house under this president , and im sure its true under other president s. People get in a room with the president of the United States and theyre immediately intimidated. And they dont want to Say Something to the president that might offend him. And as a matter of fact, one of the things ive often sensed, even in National Security council, sometimes everybody is trying to read the president. Where is he going . And then they all try to then march in line. And that is really important for a president of the United States to be exposed to a lot of different views. President ultimately makes the decision, but to be supposed to a number of views that be exposed to a number of views that can present to him, what are the consequences of different decisions and what is the impact in terms of the country . So to go to your question, would state my position, and present it, and sometimes the president would agree, sometimes not. I do have to say in the four years i was there, i think the president largely agreed with the operations we were involved in, agreed with what we were trying to do at the department of defense. Host thats not much of an endorsement. Largely agreed with the operations . Guest well, he embraced the operations but there was always some of the operations where you had to there was a discussion as to just exactly how we would do it. And we might do some revisions as a result of that. But he strongly supported the operations that we were involved with, and i think he was right in doing that. Certainly he supported the operation against bin laden, which was very risky, and i give him tremendous credit for making the right decision. Host a line in your book that has gotten the most air play is too often in my view, the president relies on the logic of a law professor rather than the passion of a leader. Guest theres nothing wrong with having the approach of a law professor in teaming with some of the issues you have to confront at president. I dont mean the president s who use a law professors kind of approach to analyze issues, but in the end they need to have a heart of a warrior. They need to be able to take on the battle and get it done, and that is the challenge. Ive seen this president do it, but i would like to see him do it more. I would like to see him engage in the battles that have to be fought, in order to try to get legislation passed on the hill. I would like to see him engaged in the effort to try to do what needs to be done to get a budget deal passed, to get Immigration Reform passed, to get infrastructure funding done, to get trade legislation passed, too do an energy bill for this country. These are all important issues. And i know that congress is resist extent and theyre tough and theyre people there that basically want to bring tear down the government and not make it work. But you cant just sit back and say, i guess we cant get it done. You cannot say that. You have to continue to push. You have to continue to look for openings. You have to continue to work with those people who will work with you. It demands constant, constant pressure, to be able to make it work. Thats the nature of being a president of the United States, you have to constantly be in the ring fighting for what is right for this country. Have you heard of. [applause] host have you heard from the president since the book came out . Sunny i have not. We sent him a copy of the book. Actually, we sent it to him a couple months ago. Never heard anything in terms of commenting on the book. Host how do you take that . Guest i dont know how. I assume that they probably have now read the book. Host what do you think your next encounter with the president will be like . Guest you know, i really have been around almost 50 years in politics, and i have engaged president s and ive engaged members of congress, and sometimes you challenge people, sometimes you fight people in the process, but in the end, you roll up your sleeves and say, thats all part of what our democracy is all about. Sometimes we agree, sometimes we disagree, and i respect those that i work with and i respect this president , i want him to succeed in every way. I respect the office of the presidency. And i certainly will continue to respect him and the office no matter where i am. Host cover of sundays Washington Post outlook had a second piece by aaron david mill with the headlinedisappointer in chief. Why has this president failed to meet so many peoples expectations. Well, you know, look. I think that the president has certainly in the first term i think he did take on the issue of the economy, and was able to turn the economy around. I think that is to his credit. He took on the issue of health care, and was able to put the Affordable Care act in place. That is to his credit. I think he made the decision on bin laden, which was a tough decision. I think that is to his credit. I think that for the first four years, this president was a very strong president , when it came to being able to push the issues that he wanted and being able to provide the leadership on Foreign Policy issues that he needed to provide. I think that in the process of doing that, there are these deliberations, there are you know, part of the process in the white house and i remember bob gates being concerned about it, he wrote in the book. Which was that when youre in the National Security council and youre secretary of defense you feel like you want to be able to have the president hear what you have to say, and i think there was a sense that the staff in the white house sometimes got to the president first or tried to move the president in a certain direction, and then wanted the Defense Department to go along with that particular position. And i think that is what offended bob gates because he is somebody who believes in the process of policymaking in the host did you have a similar guest i had some of the same experiences in dealing with the staff and for that matter, im sure that secretary clinton did as well. So some of that is frustrating. Host but just to stick on this for a second. What did you experience that either disappointed or frustrated you in regard to the staff . Guest you know, its the process of having your policy people develop a strategy, develop the elements of the strategy as to what you think should be presented, and as youre about to present it, having white house staff basically say no, no, no, dont do that. Do this, or do Something Else, to try to effect exactly what youre presenting. And i think the president is entitled to the best views from the secretary of defense, from his military leaders, and that those shouldnt be shaped necessarily by what the white house staff wants. What that white house staff needs to do is to allow a process that provides the best views from the secretary of state, from the secretary of defense, to be presented, so that the president ultimately can make a decision. Not to backdoor the process in order to shape those decisions before they go to the president. Host you have seen this president behind the scenes more than almost anyone, and as a leader, as a manager, as a person, whats he like behind the escapes . You write about how president clinton, to blow off steam and doodle would work crossword puzzles. What does this president do . Guest i do dont think he does crossword puzzles. I think he is very seriousminded. He basically looks at the issues, reasons the issues. Host whats he like . Does he joke around . What is he like . Guest no. No. He look, i think he likes basketball. We talk about basketball sometimes. Likes she the sports going on withll talk about that. But he night host he is not a chatter. Guest not a chatter. Sure as hell isnt bill clinton when it comes to chatter. [laughter] guest much more serious, much more disciplined. Bill clinton was not very disciplined. [laughter] guest but breck broke is very disciplined in the way he behaves. So a very different character. For me, i know bob gates kind of reflected a frustration with that process. But i have to tell you for me i understand kind of that process, having been through it as chief of staff and certainly having been in politics, i understand that kind of process that goes on there. In the end, i really do think that even though we had to fight our way to it, even though we had to fight sometimes the white house staff in the process, that in the end, the president would pretty much agree with the positions that we recommended, and gates said that and i said that in the book as well. Host doesnt sound like a very pleasant place. Guest you dont want to go to the white house if youre looking for pleasant. [laughter] guest go to the caribbean or go to hawaii. But dont go to the white house. The white house is it is a place where you have to engage. If you want to get it done, you have to roll up your sleeves and have to get into the process. And i frankly i like the process of engaging with people. Enthough they may not agree with you, the challenge of talking, of debating, of saying why you should do something, was really its really important. Let me give you an example. On we had captured a number of russian shies who had been placed here russian spies who had been placed here, and we lad to proceed to arrest those spies because we were concerned one of the might go back to russia. So theres ten of them. Very smart move by the russians they place hem here a long time ago, they developed their community relations, they married, have children, they become part of the community, and then ultimately they move into spying. Fortunately we were aware of what they were doing. We were going to see to arrest them, and the problem was that the president was meeting with medvedev, and so there were some people that said, you know, maybe we shouldnt arrest them. Because it might upset our relations with russia. And i said, excuse me . We have russian spies here. I want you to envision the Washington Post headline if we dont arrest these people and pick them up. And even though there had been some debate, i could see the lights go on in their eyes. When i said that. And the result was they said, okay, we should go ahead and do this, and we did, and thank god we did it. But that part of the process. Host the takeway there when the secretary says, excuse me mr. Secretary, while you were shopping at costco, josh earnest said our strategy against the Islamic State is succeeding. His full sentence is were in the early days of the execution of that strategy but certainly the early evidence indicates that this strategy is succeeding. Guest you know, i think that the right pieces are in place. I think its being tested, though. Host because guest i think the jury is still out as to whether or not ultimately were going to be on the right path in terms of dealing with isis itch think the right pieces are in place. We have our troops trying to help with the iraqis. Were going to arm the rebels. We have airstrikes, Strong Coalition put together to try to go after it. But isis is welltrainedwellfunded, they are individuals who are wellarmed, and they have combat command that knows how to make this move on the ground. Theyre going against cab ban any. Theyre moving in anbar province. They are kidding us on different fronts. I think we are the ones that are going to have to be able to adapt to their strategy and be able to confront them. Were in the process of doing that. I have full confidence that well be able to do that. But it is going to take time. It is going to take time. And we may very well suffer some losses in the interim. Host mr. Secretary, when you say the jury is out on whether theyre on the right path, what worries you about the current path . Guest i think the key is that you really do need to have sources on the ground that can tell you what is happening and what is taking place. So that you know what the targets are that have to be struck, you know what the dynamic is in terms of the Ground Forces that are moving and trying to make a difference. Now, in iraq, i think its pretty clear that we can develop, i think, Iraqi Security forces to be able to go in and retake the lan that was lost. The real key there is whether or not we can get the sunnies to be part of the effort. If we can get the sunnies to be part of national guard, part of an effort to do it, then i feel very confident that were going to be able to move that in the right direction. Syria is a much different ball game. Its chaotic, we dont know what is going on the ground and the key is can we develop the sources we need in order to get that done . Understand, in counterterrorism, which we have been involved with for a long time now, the key to counterterrorism is having the ability to identify those targets that the leadership what the targets should be and being able to hit those targets. To develop those sources in pakistan took us three years. To develop those sources in the yemen took is one year. So its going to take time to develop the sources of information we need in order to be able to conduct the operations that i think would be effective at disrupting and defeating isis. Host one more on this. On sunday, on state of the union, senator mccain said that Candy Crowley of isis, theyre winning and were not. Guest i dont i think thats going pretty far for senator mccain to say thats the case, because they obviously have moved forward. Theyve gained territory. They do represent a threat. But these airstrikes have been effective at stopping the momentum at really inhibiting their ability to move as fast as they wanted to move. So we have been effective at stopping the momentum. The real question is, can we continue to do that . Can we continue that pace . And can we continue the toe hit the right targets . So that we are effective in using air strikes . Thats going to be the challenge. I really do think that we have come a long way in this war against isis, and that we have at least set them back. The real challenge now is can we move against them in a way that cannot only disrupt them but defeat them . Host mr. Secretary issuing mention secretary gates autobiography a couple of timed. You have a great moment in worthy fights pechowski when youre getting ready to make this extraordinary move over to secretary of defense and you first learn the job would be open when secretary gates took you aside after a meeting and said, leon, im about ready to go and i just want you to know that im going to recommend you to succeed me, and in the book you point out that he left something out. In the book you say i didnt know then, and on alarm from books memoirs he also suggested Hillary Clinton, colin powell and michael bloomberg. Guest thats right. And bob gates, when he said that, we had gone to lunch for used to have regular lurch ford the intelligence operations cia, dni, and others within the intelligence operations. Dia. To talk about intelligence issues with the secretary. And so it was after one of those lunches when he pulled me aside and said, i want you to become secretary of defense. And i said, bob, no, i am i really do think its time for me to go home. We just got bin laden. I said, its a good time to get the hell out of here and go home. You know . When you leave washington, leave on a high. And so i said, ive i really want to go home, and ive done this. We did well. And i think its necessary he said no, need you to do this. I think youd you understand the troops, you understand the need to really protect them, and do it. And i just i really resisted. I said, go and get somebody else. Look at others because there are others. I said, colin powell and others. They ought to be recommended and do the same thing. And then bill bailey, the cleave of staff, followed that up and basically made the same offer, and i told bill, i said, look, talk to others. Because this is i really dont want to do this, and ill at the you the reason. I said, i dont want to stay beyond four years in the administration, and if im secretary of defense, frankly, you ought to have somebody thats going to stay longer in that position, and they said, no, that doesnt make any difference. Youd be great. Do it, get it done. And i just said, no, i said, look at others. And try to make that decision. And then i think it was on one of the flights back to washington where the president called me directly and indicated he want ped me to take that position. And again, you know, throughout my life, when the profit the United States usually asks you do something out of respect nor office you do it. Host when you read your book, next to secretary gates book, you have the feeling on some of these National Security questions there havent so much been camps as we so often say in the press but there have been types between the president has either taken action or resisted action that is almost him and all the advisers on different sides. Did you experience that . Do you agree with that . Guest i have to say when i was there, that there was a very good give and take in the National Security council, and that we all had a chance to kind of present our views to the president. Look, matter of fact, when weapon did the bin laden operation and the president rent around the table and asked for everybodys views, many of the people around that table thought that the operation was too risky. I could understand it. We didnt know for sure whether bin laden was there. We were going have to fly 150 miles at night into pakistan, and be able to conduct this commando operation, not really knowing what kind 0 resistance we would run into. So there were a lot of people around the table, including secretary gates, who was very concerned about the risks involved, as were others. And i remember when the president asked me, i said, look, mr. President , i have an old formula ive used going back to congress, which is that when you face a difficult decision, think about asking the ordinary citizen in your district if you knew what i knew, what would you do . And if the ordinary citizen knew that we had the best information on the location of bin laden since tora bora, and that this was the one opportunity to try to get our numberone enemy issue think the average citizen would say, you have to do this. And in addition to that, i had tremendous confidence in the ability of special forces to conduct the operation. Now can the president didnt decide that night. And frankly, if you had to count around the table, id say probably there was a majority that were opposed to the operation. Host and you were for. Guest i was for it, and i think secretary clinton was for and it others that were for it as well. But i didnt know. I didnt know. Next morning, we had everybody in place, and the president called and said, it was a go. So, that process is okay. I think thats the way it should work. Everybody has to present their views, but in the end, president of the United States make the final decision. Host the president talked about how he had to go to white house correspond ends dinner do a comedy routine and keep a secret. We learn in the book you also at that dinner were at time magazines fable you, too had to keep it a secret. Guest we all had to keep our mouths shut. We had to laugh at the jokes on bin laden that were going on at the time. Host when you were named dcia dish have to ask you when you were on the hill and even in the white house, you were very grateful you were not known for being discreet, and you become dcia, secretary of the defense, suddenly the keeper of the secrets. How did you pull that off . Guest it was tough as hell. It was tough as hell, because youre right. As a member of congress, i was very much engaged with the press, and would talk with them about what was going on, and was always enjoyed that relationship, and even in the white house as chief of staff, enjoyed a Good Relationship with the press and with others, and really kind of liked the give and take of the process. And now im cia director and i got keep my mouth shut. And its much tougher because you still want to have that engagement, you still want to be able to say, whats going on and what is happening . That is one of the things you like about this town, is the ability to kind of look at different pieces and who is on first and who is not getting anywhere, and who is trying to screw who. Thats all kind of fun in this town. But as director of the cia, we had to keep it confidential. The good example was on the plane when i would take a trip as cia director, there was no press. We didnt bring press along. And so id go into a country and theyd take me to wherever i went, visit with the leadership, went to visit with our stations, and got out of town. When i was secretary of defense, we had a whole hoard of people from the press that were part of our contingent. Host you got sick of jeremy . Guest id sic him on them. And trying to be able frankly, the first few times when i was secretary of defense, got in trouble for making comments that i would make to people on a swear a little bit. Ill share with you a story. Gandolfini, when he played me in this movie zero dark thirty he wrote me a note and said, im italianer youre italian. I now you dont like the way i played this role but a i have a great deal of respect for you. I called him up and met him a couple times before and said, look, im glad just glad they picked an italian to play my role. I said, but you did a great job in the movie. Its a movie. And you really were fine. He said, yeah, but you know, it was one thing that really bothered me, was that they made me swear a lot. And i said, you know, thats the one thing you got right. [laughter] host and speaking of swearing, theres a rumor in here about rahm. Guest two things that rahm. Host you said there war a rumor after you worked together in the Clinton White house he got his language from you . Guest i doubt that very much. And in here you tell about when he worked for you in the christian top white house, a brass plaque he had on his desk. Undersecretary for we cant say it. Guest i mixed audience iwant to bring guest by the way, the story i do tell in the book is that rahm is a real gogetter. And he moves and he does it and times thell step on anybody to try to get it done, and the president said actually, him and both george stephanopoulos, the president said issue really think we ought to move them out. I was becoming chief of staff and i had worked with george and of course had worked with rahm, and theyre both very bright, capable people, who have a good puts on the political side, especially george, and rahm was somebody, when you till hem to take the hill, he takes the hill. So i didnt really want to lose them. So i kept saying to the pret, look, met me work with them. Let me bring them under my wing and well try to make sure that i control what theyre involved with, but i really do think they could be valuable. And so i managed to instate of having them walk into meetings, weibring them in when i wanted them to be part of a meeting, and i think it really worked out and the president finally became comfortable with the fact they were there, because both of them were extremely bright, extremely able, and i think its an example that sometimes people who are good may be tough, may be brazen, may get in your face, but the key is do they do the job . And if they do the job, you damn well want to keep them. Host we would love to bring you into the conversation. Theres a couple microphones here. Well take your questions while youre doing that, in this book, a number of times secretary clinton is on the same side of an argument as you, and the effect of this will be that should there be a clinton president ial campaign, this will be very helpful. Guest well, ill leave that up to the candidate to decide. There are some one of the thing is try to do in the book is to basically kind of shake the system a little bit so that people understand that in order to really get things done that you have to do, you do have to roll up your sleeves and you have to fight for it. Host youre saying he she did. What was she like behind closed doors. Guest she was very tough, but she was very thoughtful. She knew the issues. She didnt speak without knowing the issues and what she was saying, and i think it was always effective when she did speak up, peopleliened. Host because in a debate, if she wants distance from president obama she can say, dont listen to me, listen to secretary panetta. Im sure ill be quoted a lot. Good and bad. Host but was that your intention or simply the effect. No. Write the book to basically tell my story, and im pleased i did. But others will do with it what they will. Please say you you are. Frank, i wonder if you could add governor of california to that bucket list. Applause. Guest nowow, ive been in public life almost 50 years, and going back to my time in the army and all of the other positions that ive held, and ive really enjoyed it. I tell about the positions, and i really do now enjoy going back to my home, and to my wife, and to our dog, bravo, and our sons and our grandchildren, and having the opportunity to enjoy my family. So, thats what im going to focus on. And also we do have an institute for Public Policy think Panetta Institute for Public Policy to inspire young people too get involved in public life. I real use do think we have to get young people interested in getting into public life because they represent our future, and very frankly, theyre the ones that have to make a difference. Host good question. Sir. Kyle suspecter from d. C. A lot hat been made since your brock came out the centralization of the staff, talked about the white house staff controlling a lot. People saying that the National Security council is making a lot of tactical decisions instead of providing strategy to the president. Im curious, do you think thats the case, and if the process is broken as you mentioned earlier, what should we do to fix it . Guest ate a good question. By the way, is hasnt just happened in this administration. This has been a process thats been developing over the last 20 or 30 years. And in white houses. And what has happened is that more and more power has become centralized in the white house. And in the white house staff. And a lot of what youre seeing is reflective of drawing kind of the decisionmaking process away from the departments, away from the department of state and the department of defense and bringing those decisions into the white house through the white house staff. Now, no question, that proximity to the president is power. Closer you are to the president , the more power you have. And so what has happened is that more and more of these issues, domestic issues, defense issues, National Security issues, are drawn into the white house, and the result is that that turns out usually a lot of the decisionmaking process and so when the departments are called in, theyre playing catchup. Theyre playing catchup. And it distorts the way the process should work. And i understand president s get comfortable with having the people around them. They can walk down the hall and walk into an office and talk to somebody about a problem is taking place or crisis, and so members of the cabinet are not really part of that process anymore. Members of the cabinet are largely used for photo ops in the cabinet room in the white house. Thats quite an extraordinary statement. Guest its true. Its true. People who are very good, by the way, and capable most of you probably you know a few of the cabinet members, most of them you dont remember who they are, and the fact is theyre good people, trying to run their deeps. They know theyre deeps, know the palsies but the arent brought into the process the way they should be. And so somehow what you have to do i really do think you need to begin to reduce the amount of people in the white house staff. You still have the key positions, and you have to open that process up more to those that are in key positions in the administration so they can play a better role in providing their views not only to the white house but to the president at well. I want to thank you for that. C thank you very much. Its one of the worthy fights that i talk about was the fight to protect our coastline. Just very quickly during the Reagan Administration secretary watts ahead of the interior department, decided to put up the whole coast for sale and to the highest bidder for oil sales. I remember going to watt and saying what the heck are you doing . I understand you have to sell some of these areas for oil drilling but what about big sir . What about these National Treasures . We want to protect them for the future and he said no lets make the process worked through. Thats when we were able to put legislation together that stopped that process for moving forward and ultimately what i did was introduce legislation to create the National Marine sanctuary which protects the area for the future so it was a great cause. [applause] kai, im erica. Thank you so much for being here. I am curious about the tension between shortterm response and playing the long game when it comes to security and im just wondering how do you strike that balance and responding in a wa way versus laying the groundwork for Sustainable Future . While thats a very good question and the reality is that you know when you are implementing Defense Strategy it has to contain both the shortterm element and the longterm element. The shortterm element basically using isis is an example is that you have to stop their momentum. Thats the shortterm strategy. You have got to stop them. So whatever it takes you have to basically stop them and at the same time you have to be thinking about what is the longterm strategy here . What are the longterm objectives and part of the problem that i think everybody recognizes is that i can see the objectives there. We can put the Iraqi Military together and i think we can get them in the right place. We have a ground force that can hopefully move against isis and regain the territory that has been lost. We can do that backing it up with airstrikes and with help from our people on the ground embedded with the force. I can see the objective there and i can see a clear path to really being able to push them back. Syria is much more difficult and i dont see that kind of clear picture about just exactly how are we going to deal with syria. Yes we are going to try to develop an Opposition Force and thats going to take time. We dont even know if theres something called the moderate Opposition Force that we can really make work here so thats going to take time to do in the meantime what the hell do you do in terms of confronting ices . You need to have targets. You need to be able to stop them from doing some of the things that they are doing so syria is going to be a much tougher game to try to think out but if you were going to conduct a war against isis you have got to think both about the shortterm to make sure you are putting them on their heels but you are also going to think about the longterm objective in order to ultimately defeat them. Thats going to take a longer period of time. Good evening. Following on the last question but looking beyond iraq and seriously move into it. Into a new era and i wonder what you think about why, what is the goal for counterterrorism strategy . A good question. I consider all of what we are doing now is part of a kind of larger continuum that goes back to 9 11. We all have shortterm memories in this country. I just had a chance to visit the 9 11 memorial in new york city and its a punch in the stomach to walk through that memorial and see what happened to this country and what happened on that day. Its tough to bring those memories back but the fact is we were attacked. We were attacked by al qaeda. They killed 3000 people. As a result of that attack we went to war against al qaeda, a war on terrorism because they werent enemy, because they attacked us and because we did not want them to attack us again so we went to war. Frankly we did a pretty good job at going after them using counterterrorism capabilities. We did undermine the strength of their leadership but now we have this metastasis taking place with isis with boko haram, with alshabaab and other elements involved in terrorist. I think we need a comprehensive strategy to deal with terrorism. Part of it is counterterrorism using that capability to target leadership to go after them to undermine their ability to ever be able to attack this country. Part of this has to be cultural educational in dealing with how do we prevent young people from choosing al qaeda, choosing isis as something that they would do. That is a much tougher strategy but it has to be part of how we address the threat of terrorism. We cant just do this on the military side. We have got to do this on the side of how do we improve the opportunities for the future, their education, their ability to enjoy the opportunities that life has to offer. To do that, we are going to have to work with other arab countries to get that across. Saudi arabia is doing some of that. The uae is doing some of that. I think we have to incorporate those kinds of strategies as part of the effort to address this war on terrorism. Im a student and Public Policy. Thank you very much for your Public Service. So what do you think about the role of the United States compared to the role of the United Nations and International Peace and security . Thanks. A real good question again. You know obviously all of us would love to have a United Nations that could work effectively to try to deal with the crisis in the world and i think that was the design of Franklin Roosevelt and harry truman in establishing the United Nations, that this would be the primary vehicle to hopefully deal with crisis, to hopefully deal with the challenges of the world. Unfortunately the United Nations has fought down particularly in the Security Council and its ability to respond to crisis. Almost anytime a crisis breaks out we would like the u. N. To respond and thats probably the best way to try to get countries together to do it and immediately it hits the wall and vetoes in the Security Council and nothing happens. So ultimately continues to fall back on the shoulders of to respond. The president himself said when people get in trouble they dont call russia. They dont call china. They call the United States and as we have seen a recent event at the United States is providing that leadership nobody nobody else will. I wish that were not the case. We would love to see nato and air countries come to the floor and say lets get together to respond to these crises. Its the United States that drives the process and that frankly has to be the role of the president and it has to be the role of this country. We have a value system to ensure that we are the leaders in a world that is facing a number of dangers. Im sorry. We are running out of time. We can take two more questions. This gentleman and then you have the final question. Mr. Secretary its an honor to speak with you tonight. My question to you touching on something you spoke about earlier is what advice would you give a young person today who wants to start a career in Public Service . You know i think probably the best advice is to jump in and get involved. We take polls of young people at the Panetta Institute and they are discouraging because young people are turned off by the dysfunction and they are turned off by the sense that Public Servants arent really doing what they are supposed to do. Theyre just they are just fighting each other not getting things done. So the inspiration i have to get into Public Service is not just my parents, not just the army by the president to says ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country and i look at Public Service as a higher calling. Now that is tougher. Now that is tougher so my recommendation is for those of you are interested, get in and see what its like. They, legislative assistant on capitol hill. Become an intern on capitol hill. Get involved somewhere in the Public Policy sector. Learn how the process works or fails to work. Learn from that. Dont get caught up in the politics of left and right, democrat and republican. Get in, learn it, stand back and evaluate what is it that you can do in order to make a difference . Let me tell you something. The most important thing you need to know is you can make a difference. I can make a difference in the jobs i have and i can tell you is young people get interested in government they can make one hell of a difference. Frankly i would like the stalemate in this town to change from the top down. I would love it if the president of the leadership of the congress decided to start working together to deal with it. I dont know if that will happen but i do know one thing. If that does happen it will change from the bottom up and voters will say okay, we need to have people who are going to be willing to engage and do you know what . People your age let me tell you something. Why am i hopeful . Because i have seen men and women in the military in uniform put their lives on the line to fight and die for this country. And if youre not willing to fight for this country there should be leaders that are willing to take a little bit of a risk to govern this country. [applause] the former student body president of monterey. My name is mckenzie and im a senior at the university of maryland. I Study International relations and governmental politics. A lot of pressure for the final question but i have always been interested in the relationship between the department of state and the department of defense. Could you speak a little bit more or an interesting anecdote about when you went headtohead and onetime when he had to Work Together to push something through that would work unless you cooperated . Each department obviously has its own bureaucracy and they all kind of operate in their own area. And yet when you are dealing with a critical issue like afghanistan or isis or other things, its really important to Work Together. You have the diplomatic arm of the government working with the defense arm of the government to be able to Work Together to get things accomplished. Frankly a big part of that is personalities that are involved. I just have to tell you secretary clinton and i because of our history working together we were able to Work Together because i said to my staff work with their office to get this done. And so we would set up conferences together. We would go to conferences. We went to the u. N. Together to meet with the defense officials from the different arab countries to try and develop their security capabilities. She was at the table. I was at the table. We went to australia working with the australians to try to develop and improve that alliance with the australians. We did things together in europe. We did things together elsewhere and having that partnership was very important to our ability to deliver. It wasnt like we were competing against each other. Too often there is a lot of competition. Who gets the credit for at . Whos trying to get it done and so there is kind of a tendency not to really Work Together. But if there is a strong personal connection and by the way dont forget this, in washington you can pass laws. You can build new departments and it doesnt mean a thing unless you have good people running those departments and running those agencies. In the end that is what determines whether or not it works. We are about to get the hook so think of a political question of personal question. Political question, do you think there should be another president clinton . [laughter] i think that there should be somebody who runs for the presidency who has got great experience and great dedication this country and if that happens to be named clinton thats okay with me. If Hillary Clinton ran for president would you support her . Sure, absolutely. After her last campaign the headline was panettas lament, they had no plan. It says the money they brought in the Clinton Campaign should have done a much better job and how will it be different this time . Well you know its a huge challenge now. There are so much money in politics now that it scares the hill out of you in terms of this kind of open warfare that you see playing out on television between the various paths associated with it. I understand the game. You have got to raise money in order to compete against money and im sure clintons do it better than anybody in terms of being able to raise money and thats okay. But i really do think you have to broaden that effort so that ordinary citizens are conjured dating funds to a National Campaign rather than just relying on big packs to provide that money. Too much fundraising is done in new york, chicago, silicon valley, l. A. Where the big money is not enough of that fundraising is done among the American People themselves. Secretary why do you think she should be president . [laughter] you know she is somebody that i have seen who is dedicated to this country. She is smart and she is experienced and she is tough. What the hell else do you want . [laughter] [applause] on a light note you are a foodie. You were even a foodie before we called them foodies. You would have the best christmas parties. Where do you like t when you are in washington and . You know, there is no place in washington that compares to the food i get at home. [applause] and listen and make my own. For those of you who know what it is my mother used to make gnocchi and my he taught me how to make it and i get have to go to a restaurant who makes it as good as i do. Its time to sign some books i want to thank all of you that are watching in livestream land and thank you too political for Live Streaming us and thank you for being here in person. Thank you to politics and prose for pulling this together and thanks to sixth and i for this amazing setting and thank you secretary panetta. [applause]