Speaking of the fourth president of the United States on madison and his early years were shaped as of president. To be the greatest interpreter he give a of all of the madison did the most the thing that is frustrating but fascinating of madison incredibly tactful over World History because he was private and 5foot 4 inches, 100 pounds with anxiety he has not exerted that same Gravitational Force field jefferson other factors have that is the reason the book plunges deeper into his youth to figure out how o do real understand what motivated him . Mattis than was from right here in the heart of virginia half an hour north of charlottesville and he grew up in the house right behind us that has changed over the years. As a very Young Employee he was raised in a much more primitive development before his father built the brick house. Madison came from a privileged family. His father was a planter he grew up with the elite of virginia the oldest of several siblings he had a very demanding father raised him here mother who was warm and anxious. The eldest son of a premier family in virginia at that time so he was sent away to an elite boarding school when he was young as the eldest borne they really invested in him it was not william and mary were most parents send their kids at the time of their social class. It was not anglican it was presbyterian and his father brought him back after graduating to be a tutor to his youngest siblings. Some kind of solution in politics thats what he was good at it because he inherited a plantation he had to run he had a difficult time settling on vocation outside the government and Public Service he had a terrible time becoming a lawyer and the difficulties being a successful farmer he had an equally harder time becoming a lawyer which is what he felt like he needed to d do and there were these really funny passages where hes come claiming about how boring and difficult and intense the study of law is he only got an Honorary Degree in cuba to sit here battling it out with the wall books so it was a constant struggle. He had a fit of depression when he came back and he had these psychological challenges which i think i argue in the book and i get did a lot of research that e had a category of anxiety disorder that caused him to have these attacks where he would basically collapse and be out of commission for a couple of days, so hes back here after college and a couple causes took him over. One is the harassment they were experiencing at this time in virginia. You need a license to preach and they didnt do that and just north of here he was very taken in that cause but that was to use the Public Policy to the principal and actually engage in the questions in the governance and Public Service. Pretty soon after he became a member from Orange County to the Constitutional Convention that this is after the declaration of independence they needed to come up with a constitution so he achieved a position when he was in his 20s and thats when he started his career and they ran the gamut especially at this young age. So this was a very difficult question at the time because the state was figuring out how to supply a part of federal and part state armed forces that dragged on forever and ever and one of the problems was how do you equipment supply the troops so its difficult to guide the food and badgering and you needed people in government and seek. That threw her instance when he came back to virginia as a delegate he got fascinated by the problem of overhauling the state code for all kinds of random things. Those are the famous examples and they became very famous like religious independence, freedom of religion, separation of powers and the design of the government bicameral legislatu legislature, the design of the presidency he was instrumental in shaping the federal judiciary and independently appointed statesmanlike federal judiciary so that is what he contributed to in the design of the country that there were us others he mastered. One of the things that planted the seed for the book is the discovery that i need when i was looking through the minutes of the ratifying convention in philadelphia all of the state conventions to ratify the constitution anconstitution ands former boss and major figure in virginia politics and the governor they faced off against each other for three weeks madisons leader tried to tear down the constitution the time there were anxiety attacks called called epilepsy attacks t caused him to be removed. He had to take himself out and he described it as the suffering and i think that it is because his because heexperienced an iny daunting and difficult pressure of having the country on his shoulders on his narrow shoulders i think most of the time when he engaged in intense public battle about something it wasnt easy for him because he was an introvert and he was it doesnt come naturally to become the leader of a nation. He needed to solve things through the government and politics and Public Service and Public Policies and the way that you do that is by having to deao with this, so it was a necessity and he mastered it by this unlikely charisma that he had and the relationships and warmth and passion but it was a more tortured overcoming obstacles who had the good grace about being in public or the classic example of being the leader of a nation or people and that wasnt his experience at all and sometimes it got crippled. Hes like the least likely person to be involved in politics you could possibly have thought of. There was a wonderful friend, warm friend of his who ran a boarding staff. Thomas jefferson said he should come back and run for governor of virginia and she said its a great idea but he could never handle. She called it the torrent of abuses that he would experience in public life. Hes due expensive and basic politics is the last thing he should do but he did it anyway because of how deeply he felt the need to address the problems. It has to be somebody i might as well do it. It was this conviction of power and then it grew so many other people and he figured it out as what the rest of them had a gun and he was throwing himself under the ring to figure out the solutions were it. The presidency came out of it as a kind of chain of succession and the relationships that he had and the fact he shifted into the executive and if they were more on display so it was hard for him to give confidence to the nation during the war of 1812 and he was criticized for that and thats one of the things you saw in the staffing decisions and the one involved in prosecuting the war, the signals and the images he presented thats one of the reasons hi this image suffered r the decade. He met the moment when the country needed to design the foundation and needed to craft compromises and structure that would link them to a stronger government to create the whole machine to guide the country and that is how he talked about his life. One of the initial pieces of researchers looking at the different drafts he did a draftt older and older he kept refining this short autobiography like 20 pages. And he almost always focused his retrospective of his whole life on the events that happened up until he was 37 and he would pay dearly attention and see the hel his lifes work writing and enacting. There is a scene in the 20s and madison is an his old age when hes been secretary of state and father of the constitution and he takes on the unpopular causes like giving the right of representation and the design of the districts. Its the element of being magnetically pulled to the conviction that he knew what he was talking about. I do not think as he is given in the right credit to james madison. I wrote a book basically about statesmanship you see it in the way they talk about the United States senate and regular citizens they are supposed to be challenging Public Opinion and research and knowledge, alliances and compromises and debate and deliberation all of which go towards a higher plane and not the lowest common denominator of what makes people feel good because we wouldnt be here but for the statesmanship and any number of junctures we have what there was freedom of religion or getting the constitution itself passed a. Booktv is on the grounds of virginia to feature the program. He lies is going to give a history of the programming showcase some of the current project is. When the Conservation Lab at the Virginia Library here we look at the special Collections Library we take books apart, cleaned them up and put them back together. E