An economy that works for all of us, not just the 1 . [cheering] sanders but it is not just a corrupt Campaign Finance system that we are going to just a riggednot economy that we are going to program is also also a broken criminal justice that we are going to perform. [cheering] mr. Sanders it is not acceptable to me that we have more people in jail than any other country on earth. Not acceptable that we are spending 80 billion dollars per to put people in jail. The number of people are disproportionately africanamerican, latino, and native american. This campaign is about real criminal justice reform. This is about real Police Department reform. This campaign is about saying we are tired of seeing unarmed people, often minorities, shot by police. Mayor and ieen a have worked with Police Departments all over my state and Police Departments all over the country. And the truth is, the vast majority of Police Officers are honest and hardworking. But when a police officer, like any other public official, breaks the law, the officer must be held accountable. [cheers and applause] this campaign is about ending the militarization of local Police Departments. It is about making Police Departments reflect the diversity of the communities that they serve. It is about rethinking the war on drugs. Today, marijuana is a schedule one drug under the federal [crowd booing] Bernie Sanders it is a schedule one drug under the federal controlled substance act, right alongside of heroin. In my view, that is nuts. And that is why we have introduced legislation to take marijuana out of the federal controlled substance act. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders in my state of vermont, in my state [crowd chanting bernie] Bernie Sanders in my state of vermont, neighboring New Hampshire, and states all over this country, we are seeing now an epidemic of heroin use and opiate abuse. And we are seeing people dying every day from heroin overdoses. In my view, when we deal with drug abuse, we have got to deal with it as a health issue, not a criminal issue. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders let me just take this opportunity to say what i know is on everybodys mind. We are all aware of the terrible attacks that have taken place in brussels. Dozens of people are dead, and hundreds of people have been wounded. I think i speak for everyone in expressing our condolences to the people of brussels. [applause] Bernie Sanders that is right, that is right. And let me simply say this. We will stand as a nation with our allies and our friends and people all over this world. We will stand with them and we will together crush and destroy isis. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders we will destroy isis through a coalition in the middle east led by the muslim nations themselves. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders with our support and the support of other powerful nations. But as King Abdullah of jordan said a few months ago, what is going on there is a fight for the soul of islam. And the muslim nations have got to take on isis and win that war. And we can win that war and destroy isis without getting the brave men and women in the u. S. Armed forces into a perpetual war in the middle east. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders the war in iraq was one of the worst foreignpolicy mistakes in the modern history of this country. I voted against that war. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders and i will do everything that i can to make certain that the United States does not get involved in a similar type war in the future. This campaign is doing as well as it is because we are listening to the people, not wealthy campaign contributors. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders and one of the major differences between secretary clinton and myself is how we raise the funds we need to run a campaign. When we began this campaign, we asked ourselves, should we have a superpac like everybody else . No ]shouting, Bernie Sanders and we agreed with you. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders and what we did, unlike all other campaigns, is to simply reach out to the American People at berniesanders. Com and say if you want to support a candidate who is prepared to take on the billionaire class, to take on wall street and corporate america, this is your campaign. Join us. [cheers and applause] [crowd chanting bernie] Bernie Sanders and what happened over the last 10 months is something that i in a million years would not have believed. And that is we received well over 5 million individual campaign contributions. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders and does anybody know the average contribution . [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders and that is revolutionary because what we showed is that you could run a winning, National Campaign without begging billionaires for their money. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders now, secretary clinton has chosen to go a different route. What she has done is established a number of superpacs, the largest one recently reported raising 25 million [crowd booing] Bernie Sanders from special interest organizations, including 15 million from wall street. Now, she has also, as many may know, given speeches on wall street for 225,000 a speech. [crowd booing] Bernie Sanders what i have said is that if you are going to get paid 225,000 for a speech, it must be an extraordinarily brilliant speech it must be a speech that could transform our world. It must be a speech written in shakespearean prose. So, i think, given what a great speech it must have been, lets release that speech to the American People. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders this campaign is listening to working people throughout this country. And what they are telling me is they cant make it on 8. 00 or 9. 00 or 10. 00 an hour. And that we have got to raise the minimum wage in this country to 15. 00 an hour. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders this campaign is listening to disabled veterans and to Senior Citizens. And what disabled vets and Senior Citizens are telling me is that they cannot make it on 11,000 or 12,000 a year social year on Social Security. And you know what . Nobody can make it on that much a year. Despite that, we have republicans in congress wanting to cut Social Security benefits. Well, ive got bad news for them. We are not going to cut benefits. We are going to increase Social Security benefits. [applause] Bernie Sanders this campaign is listening to women. [cheering] Bernie Sanders and what women all over this country are saying is that they are sick and tired of working for . 79 on the dollar compared to men. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders i know every man in this huge room yuuuge room will stand with the women in the fight for pay equity. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders by the way, when we talk about womens rights, i want everybody here to know that all over this country, youve got republicans running around talking about family values. And let us be very clear what these republicans mean. What they mean is that no woman here tonight, or in this state, or in this country, should the right to control her own body. I disagree. What they also mean is that our gay brothers and sisters should not have the right to be married. I disagree. [crowd booing] Bernie Sanders this campaign is listening to our brothers and sisters in the latino community. [cheering] Bernie Sanders there are today some 11 million undocumented people in this country and many of them are living in the shadows, living in fear. They are being exploited every day because they have no legal rights. I am the proud son of an immigrant, and i know something about immigrant life. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders and what i know is that we will stand with our latino brothers and sisters. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders we will [crowd chanting feel the bern] Bernie Sanders we will fight for comprehensive Immigration Reform and a path toward citizenship. I our immigration policy is what all immigration policy should be, we unite families, not divide families. And we will stop the deportations currently taking place. [crowd cheering] and if congress does not do its job, i will use the executive powers of the presidency to do all that i can. Now in a democracy, there are people with different points of view on Immigration Reform and Everything Else, but what is not not acceptable is for the Donald Trumps and others to insult our mexican and latino brothers and sisters. In the year 2016, candidates for president should not be resorting to hatred and bigotry. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders this campaign is listening to our brothers and sisters in the africanAmerican Community. [crowd cheering] [crowd him cheering] Bernie Sanders they are asking, how does it happen, if this country could spend trillions of dollars fighting a war in iraq we never shouldve gotten into, how does it happen that we do not have the funds to rebuild crumbling communities like flint, michigan . [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders how does it happen that there are minority communities all over this country where unemployment is skyhigh . Where the Education System is failing the kids . Where health care is not acceptable . And where too many of our young men and women instead of getting great jobs, are ending up in jail . Together, were going to change the National Priorities of this country. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders together, we are going to invest in our communities. Together, theyre going to together, we are going to rebuild our crumbling infrastructure to great millions create millions of jobs. Flint, michigan is not the only city in america with serious water problems. All over this country, cities and towns have water problems. All over this country, roads and bridges are failing. Our rail system is way behind other countries. Our airports, levies, and dams all need to be repaired. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders this campaign is listening to our brothers and sisters in the native American Community. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders everybody here knows that the way this country goes back even before we were a country, the way that the native American People have been treated from day one is a national disgrace. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders native americans have been lied to, they have been cheated, treaties were negotiated but have been broken. All over this country were finding many native American Communities in deep economic despair. If elected president , we will begin treating our native American People with the respect they deserve. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders this campaign is listening to young people. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders and what young people are saying is, how does it happen, when everybody told us we needed to get an education, when they told us that we needed the besteducated workforce, why are we leaving school 20,000, 50,000 in debt . [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders in my view, in the year 2016, when we talk about public education, it is not good enough just to talk about the first grade to the 12th grade. The world has changed. The economy has changed. Our Public School systems have to change. And that means making public colleges and universities tuitionfree. [cheers and applause] [chanting bernie ] Bernie Sanders i want and this is not a radical idea i want every kid in this country who studies hard, does well in school, to be able to go to college regardless of his or her income. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders i am a member of the u. S. Senate committee on the environment. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders and i have talked to scientists all over the world. The debate is over, Climate Change is real. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders it is caused by human activity. Together, we are going to break our dependence on fossil fuels. And transform our Energy System into sustainable energy, and energy efficiency. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders now i have been criticized for saying this, so let me say it again. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders i believe that health care is a right for all people. [cheers and applause] Bernie Sanders i believe there is something wrong when every other major country on earth provides health care as a right, and we do not. Today [crowd chanting bernie ] Bernie Sanders the Affordable Care act has done a lot of good. But we need to do more. Today, 29 Million People have no health insurance, and even more are underinsured. Today, we are being ripped off big time by the drug companies. Were charging us the highest prices for prescription drugs. Today in america, one out of every five people cannot afford the prescriptions that their doctors write. So i think we should join the rest of the industrialized world and we should pass medicare for all singlepayer programs. [crowd cheering] Bernie Sanders everybody here knows that change in america doesnt happen from the autumn down, it happens from the bottom up. That is the history of the trade Union Movement where workers came together to fight for dignity. That is the history of the civil rights movement. Africanamericans and their allies stick together and bigotry, andsm, those kinds of ideas will not continue in america. That is the history of the womens movement. [crowd cheering] Bernie Sanders let us not women did years ago, not have the right to vote, the right to get an education. They did not have the right to do the jobs they wanted to do. But what happen is that women stood up with their male allies. [crowd cheering] Bernie Sanders by the millions and they said, together in this country, women will not be secondclass citizens. [crowd cheering] Bernie Sanders and that is the history of the gay movement in this country. Where, against incredible hatred and opposition, the gay people , peopler allies said will have the right to love whomever they want. [crowd cheering] [applause] that is howrs change takes place. Change takes place in a very profound moment when people look say, theem and they status quo is not working. It is not good enough. And today, all over this country, people are looking around, and they are saying the grotesqueg levels of income inequality are unacceptable. They are saying that we should not be the only country on earth that denies paid family and medical leave. Saying that we should not have the highest rate of childhood poverty of any major country on earth. There are saying is that millions of people should not be buried in student debt for decades. That we shouldg not have more people in jail than in any other country. Are saying that we should not get involved in wars that. Re killing our young people this is a Pivotal Moment in american history. I hope we continue down the path in which the politics and economics of these this country no longer is controlled by the handful of millionaires, but whether we make a political revolution. [crowd cheering] [crowd chanting, bernie ] what thatders and revolution is about is people standing up from coast to coast, saying enough is enough. [crowd cheering] that ournders government belongs to all of us, not just a handful of campaign contributors. In early june, california, the longest the largest state in our nation will have a major role to play in taking this country forward. If there is a large voter turnout. We will win here in california. If there is a large voter turnout, we will win here in california. [crowd cheering] on primary day here in california. Please come out to vote, bring your friends and your relatives. Lets vote. Thank you very much [crowd cheering] a starmantheres waiting in the sky hed like to come and meet us our mindinks hed blow starmana the skyin he told us not to blow it were allthinks worthwhile he told me let the children lose it let the children use it let all the children boogie so id to phone someone picked on you hey, thats far out so you heard him, too switch on the tv we may pick him up on channel two look out your window, i can see his light if we can sparkle he may land tonight helltell your papa or get us locked up in fright theres a starman waiting in the sky hed like to come and meet us but he thinks hed blow our minds theres a starman waiting in the sky hes told us not to blow it cause he knows its all worthwhile announcer there are no inocratic caucuses to visit today, but today there is the washington, alaska, and hawaii caucuses today. After today, the next primaries for both republicans and onocrats will be in a tuesday, april 5. Tonight, political cartoonists and humanities scholars discuss editorial cartooning and its impact on state elections. Showed a cartoon that criticized the Kentucky Governor on a particular stance. Here is a look. Teaast fall, our new Party Governor matt bevin joined in a chorus of voices from around the country, saying, we dont want anymore Syrian Refugees in here. This guy, the only thing i like about him, is that he has three adopted kids from somalia. I mean, really, Everything Else about him is wretched, it who is against adopting kids . Not even me. Cartoon of him cowering under his desk there, and the other person says, dont fear those kids, they are your own adopted kids. My boss is africanamerican and our publisher is africanamerican and we have been the leading progressive voice in kentucky for 30 years and we denounced this all as racist and it got out in the radio sphere and we were inundated for about 24 hours with these furious phone calls, screaming at us for being racist from all over the country, not from our own readers of course. This is put on just recently by the New Hampshire humanities and you can watch it tonight here at 8 00 right here on cspan. During campaign 2016, cspan takes you on the road to the white house as we follow the candidates on cspan, cspan radio, and cspan. Org. Announcer cspans washington journal is live every day with discussions of that impact you. Morning, on sunday olland will be on to discuss topics. Be sure to watch washington journal live on sunday morning at 7 00 a. M. Eastern. Join the discussion. Tomorrow, also newsmakers with representative tom cole. On theusses a debate 2017 budget and appropriations getting underway in the United States congress. He was interviewed by Kristina Peterson of low wall street journal. You can watch newsmakers on sunday at 10 00 a. M. And 6 00 p. M. Eastern on cspan. For this years student cam conference, students produced videos discussing what topics they wanted candidates to discuss. Equality, education, and the economy were all top issues. Thank you to all who competed this year and congratulations to all of our winners. One of the top 21 entries will air weekdays and all of the viewings are available all of the entries are available to view online. Earlier this week, democratic president ial candidate delivered remarks to combat terrorism and boost homeland security. By a stanforduced professor and former ambassador to russia while she was serving as secretary of state. This is 30 minutes. Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome Michael Mcfall and Hillary Clinton. [applause] michael welcome, everyone, to the Freeman Spogli institute for international studies, stanfords nonpartisan, Interdisciplinary Institute. Nonpartisan, Interdisciplinary Institute for researching and finding solutions to the worlds most important policy issues. Tragically, as we were reminded in brussels yesterday, countering terrorism remains one of the biggest security challenges of our era. For america, our allies and the world. F. S. I. Is dedicated to expanding the policy dialogue on this most difficult issue and thats why were delighted to have secretary clinton here today. In the future, we look forward to hosting our candidates and their advisors to discuss this subject and other Foreign Policy issues. I first met secretary clinton as a parent when she delivered her daughter to the farm. Thats what we call it here. As a freshman. She wont remember, but i told her to tell her daughter to take my course on russian politics. [laughter] i joke that it was a mix, we like to say here, an easy a. Chelsea never did take my course. But years later i had the opportunity many times to discuss all things russian with her mother in washington, moscow, st. Petersburg and even vladivostok when i had the great privilege to work for secretary clinton as the u. S. Ambassador to the russian federation. So its a true honor for me to welcome back to stanford univsity, secretary Hillary Clinton. [applause] secretary clinton thank you very much, mike, thank you for the introduction and your service to our country and our partnership during the four years i served as secretary of state. What happens in vladivostok stays in vladivostok. [laughter] secretary clinton i am delighted to be back here at stanford, and i will never forget the day we first brought chelsea here. I brought her to visit when she was thinking about schools but i know as soon as she saw stanford that this is where if she we fortunate enough to be admitted she would certainly choose to come. And then, of course, i remember when bill and i brought her here to begin her freshman year and then the dinner for parents that mike was referring to, so its a great treat to be back and now that my daughter is a mother herself, you can imagine theres already talk at least among one or two members of our family, since her husband is also an alum of stanford, how good charlotte would look one day in cardinal red. I am delighted to be here with some very distinguished guests. Secretary schultz, secretary perry, thank you both for being here with us. Lanny, thank you. And marcos, thank you. And others. Its really a great treat to be not only at the university but at this particular institute as well. You have really made stanford a center for National Security scholarship and that is the principal reason why i am here today. Yesterdays attack in brussels was the latest brutal reminder that our fight against isis and radical Jihadist Terrorism is far from finished. More than 30 innocent people are dead. Men and women hurrying to catch a plane, waiting for a train or meeting a loved one. Hundreds more are wounded, including three mormon missionaries from utah. A u. S. Air force officer, his wife and four children, and other americans. Its understandable that americans here at home are worried. The threat we face from terrorism is real, its urgent and it knows no boundaries. Even as brussels grieves, the memories of paris and San Bernardino are painfully fresh as well. On saturday, a bombing in istanbul killed four people, including two u. S. Israeli dual citizens. Many other places have been targeted in the past year alone. Hotels in west africa, beaches in tunisia, a market in lebanon, a russian passenger jet in the sinai. Isis is attempting a genocide of religious and ethnic minorities. It beheads civilians. It enslaves, tortures and rapes women and girls. Walls will not protect us from this threat. We cannot contain isis. We must defeat isis. This will be one of the most important challenges facing the next president who takes office on january 20. Our new commanderinchief will walk into the oval office and find a world of hard choices and complex problems. That president will sit down at the desk and start making decisions that will affect the lives and livelihoods of every american and people around the world. So the stakes could not be higher. Today, i want to emphasize three points. First, we face an adversary that is constantly adapting and operating across multiple theaters, so our response must be just as nimble and far reaching. Second, to defeat this transnational threat, we need to reinforce the alliances that have been core pillars of American Power for decades. And third, we need to rely on what actually works, not bluster that alienates our partners and doesnt make us any safer. Lets begin by being clear about what we are facing. Isis controls a shrinking but still sizeable territory in iraq and syria. It leads a farflung network that includes affiliates across the middle east and north africa and cells in europe, asia and even here in north america. Its also part of a broader Ideological Movement that includes other terrorist groups. We need to do battle on all these fronts. Last year, in speeches in new york and minneapolis, i laid out a threepart plan to defeat isis in the middle east, around the world and here at home. Recent events have only reinforced the urgency of this mission. First, we do have to take out isiss strong hold in iraq and syria. We should intensify the Coalition Air campaign against its fighters, leaders and infrastructure. Step up support for local arab and Kurdish Forces on the ground, and Coalition Efforts to protect civilians. And pursue a diplomatic strategy aimed at achieving political resolutions, to syrias civil war and iraqs sectarian divide. Second, we must dismantle the Global Network of terror that supplies money, arms, propaganda and fighters. This means targeted efforts to deal with isis affiliates from libya to afghanistan. It means going after the key enablers who facilitate illicit Financial Transactions and help jihadists to arrange travel, forge documents and evade detection. And it means waging online battles with extremists to discredit their ideology, expose their lies and counter their appeals to potential recruits in the west and around the world. Third, we must harden our defenses and build our resilience here at home. We need to counter each step in the process that can lead to an attack. Deterring wouldbe terrorists and discovering and disrupting plots before theyre carried out. Our enemies are constantly adapting, so we have to do the same. For example, brussels demonstrated clearly we need to take a harder look at security protocols at airports and other sensitive socalled soft sites, especially areas outside guarded perimeters. To do all this, we need an intelligence surge and so do our allies. We also have to stay ahead of the curve technologically. That does mean working with the brightest minds here in Silicon Valley to more effectively track and analyze isiss social media posts and map Jihadist Networks online. When other candidates talk about building walls around america, i want to ask them how high does the wall have to be to keep the internet out . And we also have to tackle a thorny challenge that is top of mind here in the bay area. Navigating the security and Civil Liberties concerns surrounding the encryption of mobile devices and communications. Impenetrable encryption provides significant cybersecurity advantages but may also make it harder for Law Enforcement and counterterrorism professionals to investigate plots and prevent future attacks. Isis knows this, too. At the same time, there are legitimate worries about privacy, Network Security and creating new vulnerabilities that bad actors, including terrorists, can exploit. There may be no quick or magic in the apple case, the f. B. I. May have found a workaround. But there will be different be challenges. So the Tech Community and the federal government has to stop seeing each other as adversaries and Work Together to protect our safety and our privacy. A National Commission on encryption, like senator mark warner and congressman mike mccaul are proposing could help. And our Security Professionals could use the advice and talents of Technology Professionals to help us figure out how we do stay ahead of the terrorists. Our fight against radical jihadist terrorists will be long, and there is very real risks of future attacks here at home. But pursuing this comprehensive strategy will put us in the best position to defeat isis and keep our families and communities safe. You know, this is a very personal issue for me. Having served as a senator from new york on 9 11, having seen the horrors that were produced by a wellplanned and executed attack on our country, knowing how important it is that we do stay ahead of those who wish to do us great harm without panic, without paranoia but with resolve, not to give in to the very behaviors that the terrorists are hoping to engender. We cant let fear stop us from doing whats necessary to keep us safe, nor can we let it push us into reckless actions that end up making us less safe. For example, it would be a serious mistake to stumble into another costly ground war in the middle east. If weve learned anything from iraq and afghanistan, its that people and nations have to secure their own communities. We can, and i argue, must support them, but we cant substitute for them. It would also be a serious mistake to begin carpet bombing Populated Areas into oblivion. Proposg that doesnt make you sound tough. It makes you sound like youre in over your head. Slogans arent a strategy. Loose cannons tend to misfire. What America Needs is strong, smart, steady leadership to wage and win this struggle. To do that we need to strengthen americas alliances in europe, asia and around the world, and that is the second point i want to emphasize. On 9 11, nato treated an attack against one as an attack against all. On september 12, headlines across europe, most notably in limon, proclaimed we are all americans. There were very few planes in the air that day but one was a british jet carrying the u. K. s top National Security leaders to washington to offer any help they could. Now its our turn to stand with europe. We cherish the same values and face the same adversaries, so we must share the same determination. This is especially true at a time when europe faces multiple overlapping crises. From president putins aggression in ukraine to the massive influx of refugees to continuing economic challenges to the rise of rightwing nationalist parties. We have made so much progress together toward the goal of a europe that is free, whole and at peace, and we cant risk letting it fall apart now. For decades, republican and democratic administrations have understood that americas alliances make us stronger. Secretary schultz compared the slow, steady work of building diplomatic relationships to gardening. He knew that when you cultivate effective partners you can harvest real rewards. Allies extend our reach, sharing intelligence, provide troops in conflicts like afghanistan, offer bases and staging areas around the world for our military and serve as a bulwark against competitors like russia and china. And by the way, both moscow and beijing know our Global Network of alliances is a significant strategic advantage they cant match. Nato, in particular, is one of the best Investments America has ever made, from the balkans to afghanistan and beyond, nato allies have fought alongside the United States, sharing the burdens and the sacrifices. In the 1990s, secretary perry helped guide natos expansion based on the alliances core tenants of collective defense, democracy, consensus and cooperative security. They became known as the perry principles, and theyre still at the heart of what makes nato the most successful alliance in history. Turning our back on our alliances or turning our alliance into a protection racket would reverse decades of bipartisan American Leadership and send a dangerous signal to friend and foe alike. Putin already hopes to divide europe. If mr. Trump gets his way, it will be like christmas in the kremlin. It will make america less safe and the world more dangerous. When it comes to the struggle against isis, we need our allies as much as ever. We need them to be strong and engaged for they are increasingly on the front lines. London, paris, madrid, brussels,. Stanbul they have all been hit by terrorism. As we saw when a terrorist cell in hamburg carried out the 9 11 attacks, what happens in europe has a way of making it to america. So its essential that we have strong partners who can work with us to disrupt plots and dismantle networks in their own countries before they lead to attacks in ours. America needs European Intelligence Services working hand in hand with our own, including where they may have better reach and expertise, like in north africa. We need european banks to stop terrorist financing. We need european planes flying missions over iraq and syria, and European Special forces helping train and equip local antiisis forces on the ground. We need european diplomats and Development Experts working to improve governance and reduce the appeal of extremism across the wide arc of instability that stretches from west africa all the way to asia. Together we can do more and more urgently to support moderate voices and stand with tunisians, libyans, kurds and others in the region who are trying to do the right thing. And as we should, of course, be closely consulting with israel, our strongest ally in the middle east, we also have to extend our consultation to arab partners as well. All of this will make america safer and help defeat isis. Theres much we can do to support our european partners, helping them improve intelligence and Law Enforcement, facilitating in information sharing, working more closely at every level. Theres also more they can do to share the burden with us. Wed like to see more European Countries investing in defense and security, following the example germany and others have set during the obama administration. The most urgent task is stopping the flow of foreign fighters to and from the middle east. Thousands of young recruits have flocked to syria from france, germany, belgium and the united kingdom. Their european passports make it easier for them to cross borders and eventually return home. Radicalized and battlehardened. We need to know the identities of every fighter who makes that trip and start revoking passports and visas. Stemming this tide will require much better coordination among every country along the way. Right now, many european nations dont even alert each other when they turn away a suspected jihadist at the border or when a passport is stolen. And turkey, a nato ally, still has more work to do to control the border where most foreign fighters cross into syria. After the paris attack, france and belgium pledged to move Forward Together on reforms, but thats difficult without the european union. In january, the e. U. Announced a new integrated counterterrorism center, but intelligence cooperation still lags and the e. U. Keeps delaying a vote to share traveler information between member states. Its actually easier for the United States to get slight flight manifests from e. U. Nations than it is for e. U. Nations to get them from their own neighbors. Thanks to an agreement that the United States negotiated when i was secretary of state. There also has to be a special emphasis on identifying and investing in the hot spots, the specific neighborhoods, prisons and schools where recruitment happens in clusters as weve seen in brussels. And its time to make good on the promise of establishing a new unified European Border and coast guard to strengthen the continents external borders which are under unprecedented pressure from refugees and migrants. Now, this is a heartbreaking crisis. Last year the world was horrified by the photo of a drowned toddler lying on a turkish beach. In the months since then, hundreds more children have died trying to reach safety. Weve seen europe and syrias neighbors in the middle east struggle under the weight of this challenge. Its too big for any one country or even continent to handle alone. Im glad that the e. U. And turkey are now working closely together. And the United States should do whatever we can to support that. The only truly effective answer is to go to the source, end the conflict that is displacing all of these people so we have to support and maintain the ceasefire in syria and we should create safe areas where syrians can remain in the country rather than fleeing toward europe. In the meantime, it would be wrong to shut our doors to orphans or to apply religious tests for people fleeing from persecution. Thats not who we are. We should be vigilant in screening and vetting everyone. We cant allow terrorists to intimidate us into abandoning our values and humanitarian obligations, but we also have to be smart and vigilant about how we process people into our country. It would be doubly cruel if isis cannot only force families from their homes but also prevent them from ever finding new ones. That brings me to my third point. In our fight against radical jihadism, we have to do what actually works. One thing we know that does not work is offensive, inflammatory rhetoric that demonizes all muslims. There are millions of peaceloving muslims living, working, raising families and paying taxes in this country. These americans are a crucial line of defense against terrorism. They are the most likely to recognize the warning signs of radicalization before it is too late, and the best position to block it. Last year in minneapolis, i met parents, teachers imams and , others from the Somali American Community who are working with Law Enforcement and metal Health Professionals to intervene with young people at risk of being radicalized. Efforts like that deserve more local and national support. Since 9 11, Law Enforcement has worked hard to build trustful and strong relationships with american muslim communities. As the director of the f. B. I. Told congress, anything that erodes that trust makes their job more difficult. We need every American Community invested in this fight, not fearful and sitting on the sidelines. So when republican candidates like ted cruz call for treating american muslims like criminals and for racially profiling predominantly muslim neighborhoods, its wrong, its counterproductive, its dangerous. As a spokesman for the new york Police Department pointed out last night, that kind of blanket bigotry would treat the citys nearly 1,000 muslim Police Officers as threats. Its hard to imagine a more incendiary, foolish statement, he said. Commissioner bill bratton at the nypd was even more blunt this morning. He said senator cruz doesnt know what the hell hes talking about. Demonizing muslims also alienates partners and undermines moderates we need around the world in the fight against isis. Theres been a lot of talk from both republicans and democrats about the importance of building coalitions with muslim nations. Having actually done this, i can tell you insulting allies and partners is not a good way to start. Another thing we know that does not work, based on lots of empirical evidence is torture. Many intelligence, military and Law Enforcement experts have attested to this fact. It also puts our own troops and increasingly our own civilians at greater risk. I am proud to have been part of the administration that banned torture. After too many years in which we had lost our way, and it i am president , the United States will not condone or practice torture anywhere in the world, even when were up against opponents who did not respect who dont respect human life or human rights, torture is not the right choice. As senator john mccain has said, the High Standard to which we hold ourselves isnt about our enemies, its about us. Its about who we were, who we are and who we aspire to be. America is a great nation. And this is time for American Leadership, smart, strong, steady leadership. No other country can rally allies and partners to defeat isis and when the generational struggle against radical Jihadist Terrorism, only the United States can mobilize action on a global scale in defense of our people and values. America doesnt cower in fear or hide behind walls. We lead and we succeed. Throughout our history, we have stared into the face of evil and refused to blink. Whether it was fascism, the cold war, or hunting down osama bin laden. And we will defeat isis too. No enemy or adversary should ever underestimate the determination of the American People. I will never forget what it was like to arrive in brussels for the first time as secretary of state in march of 2009. I was on my way to nato. Nato headquarters was buzzing. Hundreds of young people of the European Parliament had stood and cheered, not for me, but for the idea of American Leadership, for the promise of an alliance that delivered unprecedented peace and prosperity on both sides of the atlantic. Thats what we need to remember today. Americans cannot, and i believe, will not turn on each other, turn on our allies or turn away from our principles. Were in it for the long haul, and that means we are going to Work Together and we are going to prevail. This may be another one of the long struggles that we have confronted from time to time in our history, but like all of the rest of those, if we can forge a bipartisan consensus, if we can bring our people to understand what this struggle means to us, if we can maintain our alliances and our partnerships, we will be successful. And that will benefit not only our country but the world, and that, when you boil it down, is what American Leadership has to be about. Thank you all very much. [applause] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] cspan takes you on the road to the white house as we follow the candidates on cspan, cspan radio, and www. Cspan. Org. There are no republican primaries or caucuses today. The democrats in three states are Holding Contests on this easter weekend to choose between Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders. Washington has 118 delegates. Alaska, 20. And hawaii, 34. Primaryday, the next for republicans and democrats will be in wisconsin on tuesday, april 5. Tonight, cartoonists and scholars discussed the power of editorial cartooning and its influence on national and state elections. Also, censorship and freedom of speech humanities. You can watch it tonight at 8 00 eastern here on cspan. Washington journal live every day with issues that impact you. The Public Policy fellow will be with us to talk about the latest developments in the syrian refugee migration to the u. S. And europe. The Health Care Reporter for political will discuss the latest information on the rollout of the Affordable Care act and ongoing challenges. Be sure to watch cspans washington journal beginning live at 7 00 sunday morning. Join the discussion. Tomorrow, an event with Actor George Takei on the treatment of japaneseamericans during world war ii. He talked about his family being forced to leave their home and being sent to a race track where they were assigned a horse stall to live in. Here is more. George my younger brother and our baby sister, not yet a year early onep very morning and dressed hurriedly. My brother and i were told to whilen the living room they were packing the bedroom. We were gazing out the front window and we saw two soldiers with bayonets on their rifles marching up our driveway, stopped at the front porch, and banged on the door. I still remember how scary that was, very loud. My father answered it, and we were ordered out of our home. My father gave us little packages to carry. My brother and i and my father stood on the driveway waiting for my mother to come out. When she finally emerged, she had our baby sister in one arm and a huge duffel bag in the other. And tears were streaming down her face. It happened to me at five years old. But that morning, the terror of that morning is still embedded in my memory. That was the beginning of it. To the santa anita race track with other families gathered. We were herded over to the horse stalls, the stable area. We were each assigned a horse stall to live in. For my parents, it was degrading, humiliating, and anguishing experience to go from a twobedroom home to go to a narrow, smelly horse stall. After george takei, currently the start of the broadway based onallegiance, his story of living in japaneseamerican internment camps as a child. You can watch his remarks in their entirety sunday at 10 30 eastern here on cspan. Night at 8 30nday eastern, each night will feature a series of programs on topics ranging from politics and education to medical care and National Security. Plus, on court presentations from recent encore presentations from recent book festivals. Tune in all next week on cspan2. Go to book tv. Org for the complete schedule. Earlier this week, a house commerce subcommittee looked at the upcoming fcc spectrum auction and possible changes to settop boxes. Testimony from fcc chairman tom wheeler during this threehour hearing. I called this meeting to order. Thank you for being here this morning. I want to start this morning with two points of personal privilege. Join me in wishing commissioner clyburn a very joyous and happy birthday. [applause] not every day you turn 30. Including today. But oh, well. We know you think of it as a present to be here with us today. [laughter] for your Great Service to the country and may you have many more wonderful birthdays ahead, not necessarily celebrated with us. Today is the last hearing my good friend of daily 30 years, um, will serve as a member of our committee staff. [applause] ray and i won back the seats our fathers both held and had been defeated by democrats in when we were elected to the Oregon Legislature in 1988. He followed me as House Majority leader and later served as a public utility commissioner. Another democrat governor appointed him to serve as chairman of the utility commission. He served as the chair of the statefederal state joint board on universal service as well. Exciting topic if anybody wants to get deep into it, he can take you there. He has given us more than the five years he committed when i convinced him and his wife to come to washington. I hope we all wish him well as he begins a new journey with the broadcasters. Thanks for decades of strong Public Service for all americans. Godspeed on your new journey. [applause] mr. Chairman . I would yield to my friend from california. I think the chairman. We all wish ray the absolute best because he has given his best here. He has always been a gentleman. He is a Public Policy expert. He has given his all to the committee and at times and it was difficult for him to do that because he was battling something in terms of his health. But he never missed a beat. I call that real dedication. Dedication to not only our committee and the work and responsibilities of this committee, but ultimately for the American People. God bless you, ray. We are going to miss you a great deal. Thank you for everything you have done on behalf of all of us. [applause] the gentleman from new mexico. I also had the honor of working with and learning from ray baum on the new mexico commission. It has been an honor working with you. I look forward to continued work with you. You are a great person and truly an asset to america. I look forward to learning from you and working with you in your future endeavors. Thank you. Now, onto our hearing. We are entering what will most likely be the final chapter in the history of the fcc under chairman wheelers leadership. While we have worked together on many Public Policy issues, we have been at odds on time at times on process and policy. Know the commissioner has implemented only half of the recommendations of the 2014 working group which is why i believe true reforms require changes in law that can transcend any particular chairman or commission. The public deserves no less. Sharp divisions in the commission are reported. With the rapidly changing marketplace, we have never needed this independent agency to Work Together in the Public Interest more than now. There are times i have expressed my displeasure with the fccs actions and failure to a here to the will of congress. Notwithstanding the passage of on thesan legislation ownership rules, the media bureau recently terminated d. J. Essay the jsa. The report on how the general counsel capitulated to white house demands regarding Net Neutrality illustrates without question the willingness of Agency Leadership to subvert what i would call fair and open process to political pressure from the white house. I am concerned about the fccs actions regarding settop boxes and what that means for copyrighted programming and consumer privacy. Has wrapped it in Public Policy. Distributors and civil Rights Groups have pointed out proposal raises serious concerns about its downside. Im sure you will live more about that from other Committee Members today. The chairman has circulated a proposal for privacy modeled on the old telephone network. Instead of making the proposal public, all the public gets is a fact sheet. Words matter. Mr. Chairman, i call on you to make that proposal available for all to see including commissioners to comment upon. I think that would be helpful and important. Determine circulated his plan to expand the Lifeline Program for Internet Access and contemplated increasing spending by 759. Because this proposal is not public, we have only the fact sheet to guide our understanding. It appears the chairman has proposed a budget mechanism, unnecessary step, and reforms to combat waste, fraud, and abuse. The devil is in the details as to whether they are meaningful, details we cannot see until the item is adopted and released. Absent from the marketing materials is a discussion of the Financial Impact of the proposal on the families that pay on their phone bills to support the program. These are significant matters that define how we will communicate for years to come. It will not serve the American People if it is resolved in a matter that ignores opposing views. The process, openness, transparency, accountability, honest debate, and compromise are the catalysts for sustainable outcomes. If all goes as planned, the incentive option will begin on march 29. I commend the staff and chairman for moving this process along. It is a difficult road never traveled before. I consider the legislation that got us here some of the most important work to come out of the subcommittee reached through debate and compromise. I think it is something we can be proud of. We hope the auction is a success. Only time will tell. Chairman, this is only the beginning of a very complex endeavor. I was pleased to see your staff has turned to the postauction issues. There are controversies about the sufficiency of the 39month timeline and 1. 75 billion set aside to fund it. I remain concerned about keeping translators and television stations on the air. I remind the fcc of the requirement that licensed stations supersede broadcast spectrum. Workw you will continue to with your teams is this phase proceeds to make sure the intent of the law is followed and free over the air broadcasting is not adversely affected. Thank you for your good work on the auction. I guess i have used up all the time i had. I recognize the gentlelady from california for opening remarks and think the chairman and commission for the work you do and being here today. Thank you. Welcome to the chairman and each of the commissioners. I think you have made optimum use of the four months since you becauset year here there are a series of actions being taken up that put consumers first and advance innovation. At the top of that list is the making it easier to buy a settop box from others than the cable company. Any company will be able to manufacture a settop rocks or design an app and sell it to consumers. Should a consumer wish to continue renting a settop box from their paytv provider, they can. No one is going to take it away from them. I dont know if there is that much of a love affair, but if they wanted they can keep it. Very importantly, the fcc proposal is an opportunity to enhance access to independent and minority programming giving consumers the ability to choose appsen settop boxes or with improved search and userlity interfaces. Nearly 50 years ago, the fcc took action to give Consumers Choice as to whether they wanted to rent landline telephones. Consumers saved money and innovation thrived in a telephone market. Busy and its efforts to modernize the Lifeline Program to make broadband more affordable to low income americans. For has long been the goal the entire committee. Certainly, huge support on our side of the aisle. Under the proposal to be voted on next week, for the first time ever, low income consumers will be able to use the 9. 25 per month lifeline support towards standalone Broadband Service. 21sts to broadband is a century lifeline providing a pathway to jobs, education, health care, and much more. The fcc action will further our nations progress towards bridging the Digital Divide that has haunted our country. We have looked for ways, talked about it, dreamed about it, hoped for it. And i think this is a major step ofward of reaching the goal bringing highspeed broadband to 20 million more americans by 2020. In a matter of days, the fcc will begin the first voluntary incentive spectrum auction. With Global Mobile traffic expected to increase nearly 2020fold between 2015 and and wireless carriers taking steps to deploy 5g, i think is critical we continued efforts to free up more spectrum for licensed and unlicensed use. Wille same time, the fcc to critical action at the march meeting to protect the privacy of broadband consumers. Efforts to continue to reform the special access mark. I hope this is accomplished by the end of this year. Gen 911 ando next ensuring the internet remains open to all americans. None of these are small tasks. But taken together, i think this will leave a remarkable influence on the country. And look forward to lively discussion and questions. Thank you for being here and work you are doing. I yield back. I want to echo the words for ray baum. He has helped set the standard. We work as a team on both sides of the aisle. We disagree from time to time on certain issues, but we are not disagreeable. He has set the bar and we appreciate his hard work. He has been an integral cog in all that we have done. We all appreciate that friendship and professionalism from day one. Chairman wheeler and members of the committee, welcome back. Last november, the house did the a church what to 583, did pass by voice vote to solidify the fcc model. This committee has pursued process reform on a bipartisan basis going back to the 112th congress. I am proud of our continued efforts to improve the function and transparency of our government. Underscoring the need for this legislation are the continued reports of process failures at the fcc. Thefcc is the steward of important part of our economy. Stakes are high. But medications and Technology Sectors are among our nationss most precious assets, the pinnacle of innovation. Given the stakes, two of the fcc recent proposals are cause for concern. The chairman recently presented a proposal to impose new requirements on the video subscription market and a new privacy regime for Internet Service providers. These have the potential to harm the sectors they are attempting to preserve and stimulate. The commission should look with tokeptical eye at calls regulate at the request of competitors. As the chairman seeks to implement the final year of his agenda, is no less important now matters are addressed through a process that is open and informed through debate and resolved through bipartisan compromise. These are procedures that set the fcc and should be returned to. It is only through this approach we cant avoid uncertainty and threat to investments. Are yield. I yield. Gentleman for yielding. Im amazed by the success of the industry. It is a bright spot in our economy as it rapidly advances to meet consumer demands. It is Critical Congress monitor its regulatory policies that impact success. We settop box proposed themaking seeks to replace failed cable card regime with another government dictated standard. Congressman green and i worked together to get our language inserted. The intended to rent the marketplace of an outdated mandate. Rather than allowing demands to shape the industry, the fcc has placed upon itself to inhibit the future of pay tv with unnecessary government involvement and limit consumer choice. And look forward to todays hearing and yield back to the chairman. Thank you for yielding. We are appreciative of the commissioners time in coming before us this morning. Some ofe concerns from the policies you have moved forward with. Neutrality, municipal broadband, the actions taken in North Carolina and tennessee were so radical. We also have concerns pertaining all of that and lessening the protections for patent holders and copyrights. Lots to discuss today. Thank you for being here. Thank you to all three of you. I would associate myself with the chairman of the full committee and subcommittee and put a finer point on the settop box rule. I have the same concerns. I have a special concern about the impact it would have on smaller video providers. And number of us are looking out for the smaller, rural providers. I would add one other issue. Fromtinue to hear cellphone cooperatives of call dropping issues. May be after the hearing, i would like to get the latest from you. Greeks county is having as many as five complaint a month. That seems high. Too. E ray, [laughter] a Public Service commissioner. He was legend then. We go to the Ranking Member of the full committee for opening comments. Thank you. Thank you to all five commissioners protest rising for testifying. The commission has an impressive number of important issues including the incentive auction to launch next week. The auction counts as one of the most ambitious efforts the agency has undertaken. The airwaves that can be freed up will ensure consumers feel the full power of the mobile revolution. As important as it is to help the auction can also be considered successful if it works for broadcast viewers as well. Understand thewe importance of a seamless transition after the auction because disasters can strike at any time. When they do, viewers depend on local broadcasters. All five commissioners have committed to ensuring viewers do not lose signal as a result of the repacking process. That is why i drafted the viewer protection act to give them the tools they need to keep this commitment. This bill will prevent tvs from going dark while ensuring consumers of mobile broadband benefit from the incentive option as soon as possible. Hurricane sandy showed the importance of phones in an emergency. When the hurricane hit new jersey, we did not just watch tv or listen to the radio. We also looked to our mobile phones. And many of those devices let us down when we needed them most. That is why i introduced sandy at so we are better prepared the next time disaster strikes. It has commonsense proposals to improve access to communications in a disaster. Customerselp ensure of any wireless carrier can get signal even if their own Carrier Service goes down. Withouthould be left bars on the phone when a Compatible Network is working. The bill would create a database for critical personal to keep Public Safety officials in better touch during emergency when every second counts. I have been in close contact with chairman wheeler and the carriers to talk about how to get this done. I want to thank them for taking these issues seriously. Im optimistic we are close to a breakthrough that will put us in a better position for when the next disaster strikes. I think the chairman and commissioners for being here today. I look forward to todays discussion. I have 2. 5 minutes. I would like to split up between mr. Doyle and mr. Butterfield. I want to thank the chairman for holding the hearing. This is like deja vu all over again. These guys are here all the time. Welcome back. The Lifeline Program connects millions to their only source of communication. I wanted to take a minute to congratulate commissioner clyburn for her leadership on this issue and the efforts of the full commission to modernize this program and bring it into the 21st century. I want to commend the commission on moving forward on broadband harvesting reform. I agree it is critical for fcc rules to be updated to suit modern needs and that these recognize the privileged position isps hold acting as gatekeepers to the internet. Mr. Chairman, that is all i have to say. I would be happy to yield to you for other colleagues. Thank you. Mr. Battlefield. Mr. Butterfield. Our colleagues at a record today. Our colleagues set a record today. Want to thank the commissioners for their work and thank you for coming today. Inoined my other colleagues applauding the commission for expanding the Lifeline Program to subsidize Broadband Services. I am afraid one of the unintended consequences of the proposal will be the creation of a requirement on low income participants flightline as well as a phaseout of voice only. I urge the commission to preserve a no charge option for lifeline participants who may not be able to afford even a modest copay and maintain a voice only option. It is crucial for lifeline beneficiaries in my district and that thee country expansion of the program to include broadband will not be at the expense of essential voice services. Regarding the settop box proposal, and concerned with the potential for unintended consequences like those raised in the oped written by henry waxman including the ability to enforce copyright protections and the potential negative impact the proposal could have on diversity and inclusion of minority voices. Stakeholders, am concerned the proposal could lead to a new form of digital redlining. I ask unanimous consent to include three items into the record. The first letter is addressed to chairman wheeler, signed by 10 civil rights organizations, urging the slow mentally study can be conducted. The second cautions the commission to explore the unintended consequences that could arise from the settop box proposal. The third urges the Commission Call costire any sharing. Thank you, mr. Chairman. I yield back and thank you. Time has expired for opening statements. I want to welcome the chairman and commissioners. Chairman, we will start with you. Welcome back. I look forward to your comments. Chairman wheeler thank you. Off with the topic many of you were addressing. That is the upcoming spectrum auction. It will only be a week. You have got to get it really close. Many have asked about the effect of the provision in the auction. That decision will not delay the march 29 start date for participating broadcasters to make their initial commitments. 29, as we planned, we will analyze initial commitments and calculate the initial clearing target. We said this process would take three to four weeks. The inclusion of latino will require us to update our data files and ensure the system is properly functioning with the updated data prior to circulating the initial clearing target. Staff is working through the operational effects of including latina so we can make those updates. Planned theys auction bidding in the reverse auction will begin in may. We still expect that will happen. In the forward auction, we will proceed with the previously announced schedule. There are 104 parties that have expressed Interest Rate of 50 increase over the number of qualified bidders and the other auction. Not all applicants may become qualified bidders, but we are working with them and plan to 6. E a final list by april the forward auction will follow the close of the reverse auction. In the coming weeks, and will continue our education and so reversetivities and forward auction bidders have plenty of time to become familiar with the systems before the auctions begin. We are finally at the point where we move from the theoretical to the real world. Months, various hypotheses have been put forward predicting one effect or another to happen in the auctions. Next week, the wisdom of this committee in creating a marketplace that will begin to deliver marketdriven decisions to replace those studies and theories with real marketplace inclusions conclusions will begin. I look forward to discussing this and other issues with you today. Before i conclude, i want to reiterate the need for congress to become involved in the ability of next intermission 911 to protect americans. 20th century life saving being blocked by the realities of getting beyond 20th century technology. We at the fcc have done all in our power on this topic, including convening a yearlong task force to report on the challenges faced. That report is complete and has been submitted to this committee. We look forward to working with you on this important priority. Thank you, mr. Chairman. Thank you. Now we go to commissioner clyburn for your opening statement. Go ahead. Commissioner clyburn thank you. Please allow me to begin by offering my thoughts and prayers to the families and victims of this mornings attacks in brussels. Im grateful for the opportunity to appear before you this morning. Phrase we havea heard repeated time and time again. Today, i wish to preview an axiom of my own. Community, community, immunity communities. In communities across this nation, there is a communications divide when it comes to broadband access, affordability, and infrastructure. And a divide when it comes to the speed necessary to take advantage of all the internet has to offer. This lack of connectivity has disadvantaged so many of our communities that congress and the commission decided to act by taking simple steps to help bridge these divides. First, allow me to apply the leadership of this committee as you consider commonsense proposals to streamline the lower costs associated with the deployment of broadband. I stand ready to work with you in support of bipartisan proposals that will speed the deployment of broadband to more americans. I am pleased to have worked with my colleagues to create a blueprint for rate of return carriers so world communities are not left behind world communities are not left behind. Connected, Broadband Service must be affordable. The commission has a statutory duty to ensure services are affordable and low income consumers have access to advanced services comparable to those available in urban areas. For too long, the commission has fallen short of this directive. We have the capacity to change this. The chairman has circulated an order that if adopted will put lifeline on the soundest footing of all our universal service programs. The proposal seeks to achieve this by declining support to providers unless a neutral third party has determined a household is eligible, eliminating duplicates and requiring minimum standards. The office has been inundated about concerns for minimum standards. The strongest part of the fcc process that is the envy of regulators across the globe is our process enables parties to give and receive feedback. If parties believe the current composer does not strike the right balance, i have been clear from the beginning i am open to making appropriate adjustments. And i plan to live up to that promise. I am committed to providing qualified lifeline consumers with choice and competitive 21st century options. I am committed to addressing concerns that reflect the input of our state regulatory partners as well as those forwardlooking providers engaged and committed to real reform. Finally, i am excited about the and itsities of 5g ability to fundamentally transform the way we live and interact with each other. I believe the best way to deploy spectrum and infrastructure required for those services is for the industry to talk with local government and communities to find out the specific needs of the communities and coordinate with them on how a 5g feature can help those communities address their shortterm and longterm needs. Working on these and other bringtives will communities closer together ensuring they are better connected and ready for the challenges facing them. Thank you again for the opportunity to speak with you this morning. I look forward to answering any questions you may have. Thank you, commissioner. We appreciate your service and comments. Now we go to commissioner rosenworcel. Chairman rosenworcel thank you for having me here today. Forme add my best wishes ray baum. Last week, i had the privilege of speaking in austin, texas, at southwest, a place to get a glimpse of the future from Virtual Reality to robotics. It is all there on the streets of austin. Also spent time in california in a Rural Farming Community in the coachella valley. Is a place where most roads lead where broadband has not made its way to most households. Im probably the only person in both communities last week. They have something in common. They both know the future lies in connectivity. They both know access to modern communications is no longer a luxury. Innovate,e we create, it is a necessity for full participation in civic and commercial life. Expanding access is front and center at the fcc. We are beginning work on the worlds first spectrum incentive auctions. We will have work to do to repack broadcasters. We are updating our universal Service Policies and exploring spectrum frontiers for 5g wireless service. I want to focus on things we can do now that will make a difference for the least connected and most connected among us. We can make more space for wifi, and we can help bridge the homework gap. First, wifi. Band whereahertz wifi makes its primary home is getting crowded. Demand for five gigahertz wifi is also growing. Before we overwhelm wifi as we know it, we need more efforts to secure more unlicensed spectrum. There is no shortage of reasons why this is a good idea. Why fight democratize is Internet Access wifi democratizes Internet Access and encourages innovation like what i saw last week on the streets of austin. More thanonsible for 140 billion in Economic Activity every year. The legislative process has overlooked the value of unlicensed spectrum because it gets low marks in the scoring process at the congressional budget office. This accounting misses the mark. It is outdated because the broader benefits of unlicensed spectrum to the economy are so great. When any effort to increase the licensed spectrum, we need to explore unlicensed. Right now we have a golden opportunity for a wifi dividend in the upper ocean of the five gigahertz band. We have a consensus framework for testing this for unlicensed use while producing income it efforts to use it for vehicle safety. We need to work with the department of transportation and commerce to get the testing underway. We have unlicensed opportunities in the 600 megahertz band. Seize all see his of them. I want to talk about the homework gap. Today, seven out of 10 teachers assign homework that requires access to the internet. The fcc data suggest as many as one in three households do not subscribe to Broadband Service. So think about those numbers. And where they overlap. That is what i call the homework gap. If you are a student and a household without broadband, just getting homework done is hard, applying for a scholarship is challenging and while some students may have access to a smartphone, let me submit to you that a phone is not how you want to research and type a paper, apply for jobs, or further your education. That is why the homework gap is the cruelest part of the Digital Divide, but it is within our power to bridge it and more wifi can help. In fact, where i was left week, they are using wifi on school buses and turning ride time into connected time for homework. More can be done. Supporting Online Access and households with School Aged Children is critical and the sooner we act, the sooner we will bridge the gap and give more students a fair shot at 21st century success. Thank you. Mr. Walden thank you. Commisoner pai, please go ahead. Mr. Pai thank you, chairman. Thank you for holding this year this and giving me the opportunity to testify. I want to focus on two issues where this subcommittee has led, and where the fcc is falling behind. Process reform and broadband. I want to begin by thanking the subcommittee for their longstanding focus on fcc process reform. I firmly believe that the agency is at its best when it operates in a collaborative and transparent manner. Unfortunately, the agency has not lived up to that standard recently. First, the fcc continues to be an in a bipartisan in partisan fashion. Since the december 2013, there have been 20 separate partyline votes at monthly meetings. That is twice as many as under chairman martin, chairman clybourn, and others, combined. Collaboration has fallen by the wayside. During my first months on the job, chairman let us into consensus 89. 5 of the time on fcc meeting items. Over the past two years, that number has dropped to 56. 4 . Reflecting this shift the , Chairmans Office frequently shares nonpublic information with the press and outside parties, while leaving commissioners in the dark. For example, two weeks ago my the fcc leadership shared the proposal with the New York Times and promoted it on a call with reporters before sharing it with my office. That is hardly an opening for a goodfaith cooperation. It epitomizes how business is done at the agency. Third, the fcc continues to shun transpar