Some threats and challenges. I have been asked to talk about the snowden controversy, which i have strong views. Then i would like to talk about the way forward and invite some questions. Connecticut has produced its fair share of heroes in the intelligence world. I often was invited to the cia to speak to groups and give explanations and talk about what the intelligence does. There is a statue of the patron saint from connecticut. After you give a speech like that, i went outside. It is moving. On the statue were famous words. I regret ideally have one life to give to my country. Nathan hale means a lot to people in the Intelligence Community. Some of them do give their lives. Some names that you and i will never know have done that. He is an inspiration. He went down to new york city and he was discovered because he was disguised as a peddler working in new york city, but he had the manners of a gentleman. That arouse suspicion when they interrogated him. They realized he was not what he was pretending to be. It was a disguise. They discovered he was a spy and they hanged him. Hero of another connecticut that happens to be downey. Cessor, john he is 83 today. Theecember, he received cias highest award for valor, which is of distinguished intelligence cross. In 1952, john downey and another american named richard flew into china. Their mission was to pick up an agent who was of special importance to the u. S. Unbeknownst to downey and his plane agent, as their came in and a secret location for demanding, they were shot down. The pilots were killed. Fellow agentnd his spent 20 years in prison. The mains there until the early 1970s. Graduates ya le graduates that play crucial roles in early leadership in the Central Intelligence agency. Most people are heroes that we never know about. I have a friend here today whose nephew is injured in the bombing in afghanistan when the cia officers were killed. They served quietly. That is what intelligence work is all about. They have private, less dangerous lives. Economichings like analysis or photo interpretation or to intercept conversations and analysis and so on. They are the back own. I kind of thing that they ought to be recognized in the same way that we recognize our military or Police Officers or First Responders or firefighters. The work that they do should be celebrated. , butnnot know what they do the fact that they are there and they are doing her job is what we should be celebrating. One lesson i learned early on in intelligence was i learned from and Israeli Intelligence officer. The lesson was basically that in life, uni Strategic Focus. In 1970 eight, i was a chief of staff. There were google issues of the sale of f15s to saudi arabia. They had a very real interest in it. We refuse to meet with any of the vendors of those planes. We went to saudi arabia and met with the saudi leadership and decided that the problem was serious. The f15s were falling apart. New airplanes. The u. S. Air force decided now because the us wanted to train those pilots. The also looked around at syria and iraq and iran. This country is in danger and the vital flow to the rest of the world is something we need to defend. He decided to proceed. The president said i need you to leave the for fight. Israel is cited they did not want it to happen. The most advanced Fighter Aircraft in the world. They do not like the idea that this other country was going to get them as well. If youre what might happen. There was a fight in the senate. The was the only fight committee ever lost. It was approved by a margin of nine votes. It was an extremely difficult and excruciating experience. They prevailed. The high drama and National News and so forth. 1990s, there the was no controversy and replacement was put in. To continue to provide a viable role. The next day after the vote, a lot of recriminations and hard feelings. They would call for the Intelligence Officer working in the embassy. Felt nervous. We went to lunch. He looked at me kind of intensely across the table and upi beat us you beat us. We did not beat anyone. We that we were doing what was best for america. He said, here is working together tomorrow. Here is to a positive relationship Going Forward. Smart. That is what i mean by Strategic Focus and longterm perspective. Of course, we did. Times of difficulty, especially in times of difficulty comes Strategic Focus and a longterm perspective. Communityntelligence is a large complex array of 16 intelligence agencies. People do not always realize this. Who are they all . Let me describe what this community is for. The largest are in the defense department. They are in the news a lot. The National SpaceIntelligence Agency where i work for a couple of years id want to take pictures from the satellites. The defense Intelligence Agency. Obviously, intelligence matters. And the National Reconnaissance office that launches and manages the satellites. People think the satellites are just up there. No fee. You fly a satellite no. You fly a satellite and determine where it will be here that is what the nro does. Very valuable role. The fbi and the department of Homeland Security are both concerned with threats and terrorist organizations and other things that could threaten the u. S. The work with state and local governments. The Treasury Department is concerned with financial intelligence. You have the Drug Enforcement agency. Department, which is where my security concerns currently reside. It looks after Nuclear Matters and energy matters. We also have each of the five armed forces has his own intelligence branch. You put all of that together. It comes to 16. Weoblem with the silos learned from 9 11 that all of that intelligence was never brought together. Retrospectively, we look back and saw all of the clues, all of the pieces were there and were never put into a coherent whole. E need integrated intelligence on a more practical level of why you need integrated intelligence, i have a friend i went to graduate school with. He was commander of a summer rain. He was given an order to go photograph a brandnew ship from hostile country. He went into shallow water. He went in there good to great risk even in there. He took great risks. He was able to get out. Came out and did his duty. To the nasansferred Security Council and was working on things when this particular question came up. They looked at the files with extensive photographs of this ship that he had risked his life and his crew to go photograph. Where did it come from . Satellite photos. I took a deep breath and said based the left of my crew to go out there and to take these from a summary and when you guys are ready have them from satellite . Yes. Hat is was silos are that is what lack of integration is. The Navy Intelligence did not know the satellites have the pictures taken. That is what we are fighting today. We do not want those silos. We one integrated intelligence. There are several other examples, but that has ozment portmanteau name. The life of a friend was raised to accomplish this mission. What do we do with integrated and new Intelligence Community that was created after 9 11 . It was basically created to do four things. Enable National Security policies. Second, Effective Security action. Three, balance and improving capability and put investment in the right places. Four, function as an integrated team. At the heart of all of this is the unique advantage american intelligence has over other countries. We have an outstanding classic spy network that is called human intelligence. Always use james bond. Yingn spying, people spe on others. Think of the countries where huge security is a priority and they do not have the satellite capacity we have. Countries like cuba or israel or singapore. They have extremely skilled human spying networks. What distinguishes the u. S. Is the also have very capable human intelligence. We have 16 agencies that i just described. Things andear integrate things that other countries cannot do. When it works, we present an informed multidimensional package. The standard of success is often not a broad array and all of the things that we assume are there, but the prospect of a terrorist attack and how to prevent it. Or all of the things that go on, one can rally Public Opinion and scare the daylights out of everyone i give the Intelligence Community and give something intelligence amenity can agree. It is not fair, but it is very easy for a calamity, an attack to take place. 50 million legal visitors come to the u. S. Every year. 50 million. We have more than 14,000 homicides in the u. S. Every year. We lose between 30,00035,000 deaths in automobile accidents every year. Last year, i do not recall a terrorist attack. Alloint is if you look at of the threats facing the u. S. , we do not have many terrorist attacks. The Intelligence Community does its job and does it well. It is not infallible. There are tens all the time. We have to recognize that. Integration lies in. There are remarkable capabilities we have. Effort toest of the reform the Intelligence Community comes from changing the culture. Changing the question of do i have to share this information with someone else . It was the oldstyle. To the new of can i share this with anyone . Having thisit from information . That cultural change sounds simple him up and has been difficult and it is making great progress. Some rivalries remain understandably. The white house is sometimes reluctant to delegate real power. Some agencies such as the cia guard their special role i lines even though the law provides otherwise. With that said in its brief it is anf integration, infant by washington standards. It has integrated networks now. They all have the same badge. To get megence badge into any one of the 16 agencies. There used to be 16 different badges. You mean a separate appointment and clearance process to go from agency to agency. You show up and show your badge and you can get in. Common policies and some shared cultures in ways that has ever existed before 9 11. That is a huge advance. Ofajor source of strength the Intelligence Community is a cooperation of allies. Is one thattitution im sure some of you has heard of. Is called the five to say that they were together is a massive understatement. They are joined in intelligence in a way that profoundly affect their approach to National Security. They agree not to spy on each other. They integrate and align the Foreign Policy basically. Any alignment exceeds popular understanding. You can say all that, but until you see it on you do not understand how closely they are linked. I was once at a download station which is a facility from which information from the satellites are made available under sent on to the people to receive it. About 15 people, most of the military, came onto the new shift. I noticed the new guy in there lining up and giving everyone orders. Clearly not an american. I watch them. I could tell by his uniform that he is a major in the Australian Air force. I watched him operate. He lied them up lined them up. Do this and do that. One thing or another. I asked somebody, what does that mean . He is our boss. Assesses and gives the annual fitness report to the americans who were working there. That is not cooperation, that is full integration. It has happened elsewhere as well. Came say that because what out of that download station went to all five countries. It didnt come from the americans or the kiwis or the aussies. They came from all of them. Absolutelyonship is critical. Just from the five eyes, about everyone else in the world has some degree of policy convergence and difference with us. We need allies. It is a tricky business. Wede from those five eyes, cooperate in some areas and other areas we do not. Sochiious example is the games. The u. S. And russia collaborated. That is a given. Right now they are collaborating on keeping terrorists out of the olympic names. Are they friends . No. . Re the enemies questio no. That is what is tricky when it goes to managing an intelligence operation . There is a strong resistance to breaking down barriers with our allies. It has been widely reported that the director of intelligence sought to strengthen our intelligence sharing with france. Bob gates in his recent book has talked about this. That effort was soundly defeated in the u. S. Theyre not ready for expansion beyond the five eyes to include other countries. How do you manage relations with your allies . Everything you do counts. We suffered a major strain years with the creation of guantanamo. It is very controversial i realize. It had a negative effect. Allies need to believe in what you are doing. When you have a dissenting factor involved, it affects the attitude and work. What happens is that so many people inside and outside intelligence were morally offended by what was going on. It became a Campaign Issue in 2008. People debate whether enhanced interrogation techniques were torture are not. If whatn say is happened happened to you or your family, you would never have that debate. And anothernt obama said it is over. We will not get into what it was. It will not happen on our watch and ended. It may huge change in our relations with our allies. It also did some damage to our Intelligence Community. People who were told to to do this, it is legal, moral, necessary for our intelligence. They proceeded to do so and then were secondguessed later on. People said it was not legal or moral. We do not believe it was necessary. Morale o maintain again, Strategic Focus in the longterm perspective. In the intelligence business. When we do not follow it, sometimes we pay the price. Let me switch to a more pleasant topic. Effecteally amazing the theyre having. The Intelligence Community always ranks as one of the best places for people to go to work. It is a positive. When they get there, they have a great job. Sometimes you get up to 5000 applicants per month time to get into the Intelligence Community. 10 acceptance rate is about. It is difficult to get a job in the Intelligence Community. It is very spent tedious it is very prestigious when you do. Linguists, military people, mathematicians, video gamers for all of you who wonder what your child might want to do when they grow up. Video gamers as well. Every strategist, and military people the u. S. Has a huge advantage internationally because of the diversity of our population. We have a remarkable core of young people in our ranks. Espionage is popular these days. They like it. They enjoy their jobs. That electronic generation that lives on social media find it much easier to break down the silos. These people coming on cannot imagine why we keep things youre not sure them there. Their instinct is to share information and not to keep it within the solid combines of the traditional bureaucracy. When you see the difference, people as old as i am working and my perspective on the perspective of the youngsters. Lets get it done. They do it far faster than any people my generation could have. How can it be shared . Sharing. Aced nothing else makes sense. The word about threats and challenges. In times of economic duress and recession and so forth, we do not think of ourselves as we are or as with the rest of the world thinks of us. In luxurycally living and our standard of living and what we can enjoy. It puts us at a level of a High Standard of living and the vulnerability that most countries do not have. 9 11 brought home to us what a lot of other countries have all the time. The threat from terrorism and it continues to exist today with the cyber attacks. , im wellent position aware of the threats of ciber. It is dangerous and ubiquitous. There are lot of evil people out there trying to do some nasty things. It affects all of us. We have to have countermeasures to do that. Unfortunately, when have a liberal open society as we have we want to stay that way, we do not want to turn into germany. And have secure rigorous security control, but that is not the u. S. To live the kind of lets you want to live, we had to except theres a certain amount of vulnerability and we have got to try to counter it. Listening and using the resources of our professionals in the field. What i mainly discuss is defense. It is vital for obvious reasons. At the same time, there is a remarkable positive use of National Intelligence. Especially at the National Intelligence council. It is a group of 100 or 120 academics and intelligence veterans who are very smart and talented. What they do is they analyze. They start with the background of professors that others have in the ad to what they can learn from intelligence. What comes for them is remarkable insight. This is one of the greatest assets the u. S. Has. Isn they can integrate what on the record with what they learned from intelligence, all of those 16 agencies are available to enable wise decisions. I know the intelligence theunity did not foresee decline of the soviet union and do not get the weapons of mass from saddam hussein, but the record overall has been extremely successful. It is a source we do not use enough. One of the basic frustrations is in adequate or in complex or incomplete. I work with the current director. F National Intelligence a veteran of the intelligence world. He once turned to me and reflected on experience and said 50 years of experience in the world, there are two outcomes in National Security affairs. One, and operational success. The other is an intelligence failure. When it goes wrong, it is probably because of intelligence. You do not often use intelligence the way you should. You can go back to the strategic arms treaty. They had a delegation of 12 u. S. Senators to complete the ratification. He was the chairman and i was the chief of staff. I was the guy who took the note and so on. Of the u. S. Ft, one intelligence agencies came around and met with the senator. Youre about to meet someone you dont know anything about. Cold war. Extremely powerful and obviously on the ascendant. We know very little about this guy. If you would spend some time with him and tell us what your impressions are, we would appreciate it. Of course, they did. , he said,jor banquet need to have a talk with you about this treaty. He said it is important. You have to go back and ratify it. It is not something you leave to chance. Said, im in favor of ratifying the treaty. Some senators are not. Some are undecided. That is why were here to have this discussion to learn from you here and the central make up its own mind. The member said, no. It is too important. You do not leave it to them making up their own mind. You have to make it happen. This is too important. Go back and ratify it. The senator explained it does not work that way in the u. S. Senate. You cannot cause that to happen. He is getting exasperated and frustrated. This is not something you allow them to make up their minds on and vote discipline. Up their minds on. Invoke discipline. They do not operate that way. Therefore we need to have these discussions carried out. Down his napkin and said, listen. It costs millions of dollars to run for the u. S. Senate right . Unfortunately, that is true. You tell them if they do not ratify the treaty, you do not give them the money. [laughter] kgb and the cia would have no trouble understanding each other and knowing how the senate operates and so forth. He had not been briefed on how to send operates. He had very strong views. It exists in every country of the world. 9 11 iber right after was in washington. I was attending a speech and the deputy secretary of defense. I was kind of stunned. Explained that the iraqis have weapons of mass destruction and we were going to invade. With the arab leaders of the world. Most was the democracy loving populations that they were suppressing. When we went in, we would be greeted as liberators. The masses would rise up and demand elections. Democratic elections would take place and there would be a cascade of elections throughout the arab world, needing and a Peace Agreement with israel. I remember i do not know where to start. Literally known had gone to the National Intelligence council. Is there any rational in this scenario . Course, the strategic assessment was not invited and was not done. , in 2009 and 2010, the Current Administration was deciding whether to have a certain afghanistan. Should we have counterterrorism . It is an effort to diminish terrorism are Counter Insurgency. The decision was made to go Counter Insurgency and have it last for 18 months. Me and saidcome to they would try to change in one generation a culture of afghanistan to reject corruption to accept the role of women and to accept a representative of government and to resist this kind of islamist extremists, i would say 18 years im not sure. Very difficult. To do it in 18 months is not serious and does not reflect strategic intelligence work. A word about the snowden controversy. As they say, spoiler alert. I have strong views on this. Managing National Security requires we have Intelligence Capacity. Weyou do not accept that, can part ways at the start. One of the things that happens when you join the Intelligence Community is you make a promise and a commitment not to divulge classified information. A premise in discussing snowden. One is that we should have an Intelligence Capacity and in order to have it operate company have to maintain confidentiality. Leaking i consumers is one thing, but that is not what say 95 . Most reporters of the leaking in any administration comes from the top, the white house, the national Security Council. It usually comes a disagreement on policies. Theyre trying to show the policy decisions made are wrong by leaking intelligence our show it was right by leaking intelligence. Enemies what were doing and sometimes how we got to that conclusion. It helps our enemies. It is not good. Manning and snowden were not leakers. Neither whistleblowers. Whistleblowers expose illegal doing. Nothing was deemed to be illegal. A severe and serious resentment for the entire concept of the secret intelligence. They sought to expose it. All three branches of government have all determined that from what we have learned from snowden with no loss were violated no laws were violated. Senate haved the backed up administration sing everything that was done was legal. Maybe it shouldnt be legal. That it was legal. That is our guarantee. That is how our system works. Office informs Intelligence Community and they oversee it and they determine whether it is legal or not. By that. To abide you cannot substitute your own personal judgment. The question is often posed by the media as a hero or a traitor. I think the answer lies on the traitor side of that question. He had access you should not have had. He was a technical administrator. That had the programs no substitute involvement. He had grievances over that. He could go to the Intelligence Community in the house and senate and think and say i think improper things are going on. For the record, both committee sustained administration strongly on this. Work and that did not snowden would have exposed them and stood onsted his principle, but you spent months gathering information and made elaborate efforts to double ge vast reams of information and had no idea what was in it. You cannot run your law firm, diversity, or anything else by just taking a whole bunch of secrets and make them public without even knowing what they are. Those are the actions of a nurse assistant criminal. Ironic thatghly this guy has taken refuge in and hasd in russia respect for institutional behavior. The damage done to the u. S. Is done in ways that we will never know. However, the intelligence briefing that was given earlier this month said that sensitive sources and methods have been compromise. American lives have been put in danger. The propensity of allies and others to work with us have all been diminished. If you think we should have Intelligence Capacity knowing that your security depends on it, this fellow did not do the United States any favors at all. He betrayed his country. Having said all of that, the Intelligence Community made two mistakes. It couldve lessened the impact of these actions. We couldve talked about these programs early on when we set them up. I think the parameters of what were there should have been di vulged. After you have a terrorist attack, you cannot have enough espionage. The public demands it. What you do at that time is you say, here is what we are going to do. Second, we should have installed a Security System on our data networks. The lowlevel contractor like this could not have done so much damage to our country without being detected. Nature of thelemn agreement made cannot be broken. See. To an example i think shows what it is. You think of an act of conscience. This is a its a bold team and being who did and this is a principled human being who did what he thought was right. I think those treatises to the church in 1571 and then saying here i stand, god help me, that is principle. That is doing something you believe in and standing by your word. This guy said, i have no idea what is in there. Here it is. Im off to china and russia to seek refuge. [laughter] enough on that. Inbehalf of the americans the Intelligence Community, our anger is justified and we feel betrayed. One of the best terms of intelligence that i love is the term a way forward. A standard process. Whenever you have a problem and things go wrong all the time, this happened. It is a mess. This was a bad decision. This guy did not do his job. This thing should have been included. A huge mess. You have got to end it with a way forward. You do not have to wallow in who messed up. What is the way forward . We have got to stop licking wounds and get forward. What are we going to do about it . That is one of the best parts. Enough analysis. What will be due . That is the way forward. A couple things about the way forward. We need an Intelligence Capacity with American Leadership responsibilities. It is a unique time of American Power in the world. Our intelligence ought to be up to serving that opportunity in the u. S. Ingredients of this capacity are there. They require competence. From there cooperation social media and our representatives and frankly, the communities. Ibo who care what our Intelligence Community are doing people who care what our Intelligence Community are doing. We need informants and they can give their support or criticism to the Intelligence Community. It requires active support from the president of the United States. Real serious delegations of the director of intelligence who should be empowered and required to manage strong media relations. The American Public and our allies want to have and they want to believe him professionally skilled Intelligence Community. We have an excellent immunity. It has come a long way and is changing rapidly. We can be proud of it. This is in a Standing Group of men and women who have served an exemplary fashion. All i can say is you are on the in dash if you run inside, you are proud to be there. We are making progress. We demand a lot. We have benefited enormously from the american population. Knownperate without being in what they do. They often have no idea what they do or how the ark into bidding to our wellbeing. I come back to Strategic Focus. Follow those two and we will be in great shape. I hope the way forward and looking down the road that our National Leaders in the future prove themselves to be as capable of using our Intelligence Community as they are capable of serving the u. S. I would be pleased to take questions if we have time for them. [applause] one of the things that i think disturbed most people with snowden is how a low level contractor could have access to the information that was damaging to the country and what steps are being taken to prevent that . Yes. Did everyone hear that question . That heequate answer is was a program administrator. Just as in your office you have someone who comes in and knows nothing about what your job is, but can take apart your Computer System and find out what is wrong and have access to stuff across the board, that is how it happened. Not excusing it, that he was a program administrator. Through his Program Administration and by recent news we have learned that having some people who gave him passwords that they shouldnt have given to help exist system, i do not know why, but he was able to get in and get access to massive amounts of information that he never should have had access to. What we can do Going Forward is to put in safeguards. Just as private manning never should have been able to do wikileaks to the extent that he did. Snowden should never have that access. We still dont know. I agree with you. It is something that we really need to fix. Two items. Talk a little bit about cyber to they and the threat government and the corporate world. Secondly [indiscernible] [laughter] [imitating jimmy carter] [laughter] [applause] cyber is very threatening. Let me give you a little bit of data on this. Are cyber system was designed to enable and to convey and to allow people to enter. It was not set up for security. Their 3 million google searches in the world every minute. The million. There are two and a half billion Internet Users in the world. Millions of emails going around daily. We are an open society. This was not meant for security. It was meant for communication. Inside soers can get that they can compromise. Yes, it is frightening. I have been working on a project right now at the suggestion to look into how this could affect our public utilities. Of those that would into aarm and enter compromise such systems, the New York Times called it some seek to steal secrets. Some countries have stolen very valuable defense secrets. To copyo there in order programs into designs and do things like that. The u. S. And does notnce community conduct espionage on behalf of the american businesses. That does not take waste. At this world. One of the most profound events that has happened in the last several years was july 2010. It was a twofaced attack. He Delivery System jumped i do not know who. That that kind of attack that can shut down a assive capacity followed by massive attack in saudi arabia that wiped out 30,000 computers, the scope for damage is huge. Suppose you lost a gas pipeline. That pipeline generates electricity. And we were without heat and gas, where would we be . It is an act of war. It is a defense posture we have to take all the time. It is another one of those things where we do not always understand the luxury that we have in the u. S. And the vulnerability that requires an active defense all the time. The friendly to your local security agents. Ere she is trying to help vulnerability is very real. It is something that will be part of our future Going Forward. Were not going to turn into an authoritarian state to stay secure. It will deny the basic fiber of american society. The liberties that we enjoy bring with those insecurities that we have to defend against. What do you think the american policies should be . There is the struggle between and the other half that wants to be integrated into the European Union. Pressure offers a great deal money to pay off the debt and the european did not go to a bidding war to give the other side the tools that they need to make that decision. We have seen this play out. What do you see as that struggle amongst the old satellite to being pulled back into the russian sphere without us getting into a check when charlie sort of confrontation . In ukraine is where the demonstrations are taking place. I meant ukraine. There is an obvious split. , a veto in it effort to integrate with western europe. Ukraine is very divided between those who would have the economic integration and political affiliation their and their culture ties to russia and those who want to turn to the west. It is playing out right now. 25 killed this morning. This is one of those things where you need two things. This is where you knew that National Intelligence council. What is at play . What do we think will affect the outcome . What are the range of policy decisions that are open to us . Will you intervene or not . We cannot intervene in all of these crises of the world. It could be very bloody. To go in there with direct confrontation at this point, obvious reasons not to do that. Our hearts are with the western leading ukrainians. They would like to join europe, which is our way of looking at things. One of the wise things you do with intelligence is not just what you decide to do, but what to not do. There are some crises that you better not enter unless you are ready for fullfledged confrontation that could involve american casualties and great costs. That theonal pinon is you my own personal opinion is that the u. S. Has done the right thing. Send difficult when you encouragement to one side and to say, hang in there. You are doing the right. That of people interpret as the yanks are coming. They will be here to help us. Lets go to the barricades and you turn around and find out we were just wishing you well. Inis very difficult to watch all of the words that have been made to describe it. U. S. Has made it clear. This is an internal division. It is not one in which we will give specific encouragement or discouragement to one side or the other. This point, i would like you to talk more about human intelligence. Remember the 70s . There seem to be security agencies and technical means. Perhaps for the iraq war and 9 11 brought the emphasis on human intelligence. You pointed out theres a difference between knowledge and what we do with it. It seems that the u. S. Has been reactedhe pace and has to that revolution in iran or the arab spring. I do not know if that is policy or not. Wisdom of a for heart would have strengthened the European Union so that they had a financial author for ukraine as opposed to russia being able to come in with funds. John and irecord, served together with the former director of National Good to see you, john. You have combined both human intelligence and analysis and National Security decisions. When you bring all of those together, you cover a lot of ground. I think we take second place to nobody. There has been a question as to how much actual action should be the Central IntelligenceAgency Versus the pentagon. There is title 15 and title x. One is covert operation. Sometimes to get the same kind of people doing it. The only difference is whether it is title x our title 15. The sun comes up when you are done. The sun comes up and you are discovered it was a military action. It was done during the night and no one found out about it. It was a covert operation. I question should the Intelligence Agency become this active and operator as the cia . They are outstanding in their analysis and in their human intelligence to understand things. Suppose you are in a complicated learned being in that conflict that here is somebody who are clearly operating with the enemy. To identify that person . Do you identify that person . Phone,n his are her Cell Communications one way or another, find out what they are this, and you confirm that person is making bombs. Theyre doing things we do not want. Where does this person go . You can track where that person is. Maybe find out their headquarters and learn a lot. Are is a combination. U. S. Combines that in ways no other country can. I like our human Intelligence Capacity. Quite honestly, we have advantages you do not find in the world. Insiden one country and the inner sanctums where things were being done, i noticed somebody was clearly a native of that country. Just like the natives and everything else. When i flew back to washington, i looked in. There the guy was. In los angeles. An american citizen. We have every single nationality ,nd every single race everything that is represented in the u. S. And they are patriotic americans and they lend themselves an ability to blend in like no other country can. Frankly, we are very skilled at it. Each one of those is a separate question here we could perhaps take some of them up. You reach these do or die things very quickly. Syria star star follow out starts to syria fall apart. We will favor the action that we think will help most. Or we could stand back. We stood back. We brought some humanitarian assistance. That is a decision that has to be made early on. It is difficult to amend. It is different when there are many getting about on the other side and it is different in which intervention makes an entirely different thing. The wisdom of those decisions, there are a lot of them. I hope i have covered the role of human intelligence and how it works with the other sectors. Would you comment on the significant amount of intelligence activities who are being outsourced to private industries and do you think that is a good idea . Sure. I was directed a team of about 80 people. Sectorhem word for i but private sector, private industry. You cannot tell the difference. They were all on the team. I think in general it is good. Why . A lot of the progress that is is being done in the private sector. We have really bright people. You people competing for government contracts. Skills. Enormous we benefit from that. Sometimes they come to work for us. Sometimes we give them a contract. From all of my expands, i have seen the u. S. By far is a benefactor of having included all of the scientific Technological Progress that exists by the contractors we bring on board. It goes on to information technology. To area from linguist specialists. Yet to be careful obviously. Theres a dunkin donuts. Forrealize those employees coffee and handing out donuts have been cleared. Everything you do has to go security clearance. Sometimes people think youre outsourcing this to a private contract or. Oh my goodness. That cannot be a security risk. It usually isnt. But the capacity or the potential or strength they bring to the equation is a huge resource to the american Intelligence Community. We have any fitted in ormsby from it. A summary answer it has been a good deal for the u. S. Last question . That was it. Thank you. [applause] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] coming up on q a Virginia Postrel. , bloomberg on q a columnist and author Virginia Postrel discusses her book, the power of glamour longing and the art of visual persuasion. , author of postrel ine power of glamour, history, from your perspective, which political figure is the most glamorous . Wow, that is a really hard question