Transcripts For CSPAN Washington Journal 20160618

27488000 and 20 if you eye pose the tax you can 202748001 or if you live in philadelphia our residents can contact us and the new soda tax is scheduled to take effect. And a Group Fighting heavily to oppose the tax the American Beverage Association said we will side with the majority of the people of philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it. E group also helps fund no grocery tax. Com and show you the amounts by which the prices could increase a 20can family pack of soda, the new price could be 10. 07. Hats 3. 60 higher and a olitter bottle could go for 27. 95. And now, of course, there are those who oppose who support the measure as well. The American Heart Association on twitter said fact, the erican citizen consumes 39 sugery sugar and drinks. Its time for change. Tweeted, loomberg congrats to philadelphias city county critical and mayor jim ken me the for standing up to the beverage industry. Here is trisha nay zaly a reporter for the philadelphia inquire err. Tell us more about this tax. How does it work and what products does it cover . Guest sure. First it will be paid the distributors and then the question we are all waiting 20 hear the answer to, is how much does it trickle down to consumers . Anything bottled or canned with either sugar or artificial sweetner added and basically anything with 50 or more fruit or vegetable joyce or if you add your own sugar at a coffee shop they are not going to tax you far drink but bottled coffees, energy drinks, a lot of things. Host and similar measures have been considered inor jurisdictions. How did this get passed . Guest yes. It failed to gain traction but what made the difference for mayor ken me the is because he tied his pitch not to the Health Benefit but to the program that it could fund and those were programs that resonated very strongly with county critical members. Its going to go to expanding Early Childhood education and parks and Recreation Centers and lie brares and creating Community Schools and that is what really seemed to make difference is the mayor took this twist on the traditional soda tax pitch. Whats the argument against the measure . So its interesting. Both sides tied their arguments on how the tax would impact the poor. And the beverage industry, as you said, no philly grocery Tax Coalition and they said they penalty is about 5 million alone calling this a grocery tax and talking about how this could trays overall grocery prices for lowincome philadelphians who may not have the ability to leave the city as others will and how this is going to disproportion natalie and others said this would lift philadelphians out of property by paying for investments like Early Childhood education and parks and rerks centers. Host so philadelphia is the first major city to pass the tax but california and other nations have looked at this as well. What do we know about whether or not this tax works . Guest you know, its interesting. It was a big question for us, but we really dont know a ton about what the overall impact is going to be. Like you said, berkeley is the only city thats done this and theres not a lot of similarities between berk will he and philadelphia. That tax has been in place for only about a year and theres been a study on how much of it actually trickled down to consumers because their tax is also levied at the distribution level and i think about half the tax will be passed down to consumers but i think its too early to know how this is going to work but i suspect there looking lot of people over the months and dwreerings ee how this affects consumers. Within a couple minutes of the city county critical vote the Coalition Said they would challenge this in court and my understanding is they are starting this immediately and they are likely to challenge this on a few fronts, one of them being whether this is essentially a double tax, because the state already taxes soda under the sales tax so theres a debate about whether this is in effect a sales tax because some of lit likely be paid by consumers so, they will side of it that known. The numbers call. T the on the screen lets get to the phone lines. Wesley from philadelphia is on the line. What do you think of all this happening in your city . Caller i have a couple of thoughts on the soda tax thing. Firstly, to say its going to be a tax on the distributors is incorrect because the distribute ors will pass it on to the consumers. The point of the business is to make the profit and they will put it on the consumers. Secondly, the city has several Million Dollars worth of property taxes that are being unpaid by residents. If they wanted to get a source of money they should go after those people who are behind on their property taxes, but they havent really done anything about that. Host do you anticipate once this tax takes effect january 1st, would you leave the city to buy your soda if prices were to go up . Caller well, i drink mostly sweet tea or peach tea or Something Like that and i was unaware they were going to tax tea. So im just not going to buy it. Host what would you switch to instead . Guest i really dont know. I would have to think about how much it costs. Host thats wesley from philadelphia. Next caller is from lafayette, indiana in opposition to the soda tax. Go ahead. Caller i had three basic comments. First and foremost, obviously, since i oppose this, the last time i checked, this is the United States and i thought we all had the right to decide what we want to choose to put into our bodies without the government stepping in and doingso. Secondly, they are all up in arms over well, its the kids that are consuming the sodas. The kids, the kids, the kids. Why not look at the parents and say well, arent you guys in charge of what your children put into their body . Thats the 24ird thing and the third thing im worried about is they start with soda and sugar. Whats coming next down the pipeline . When does it stop . Everythings bad for us to begin with, you know . We are all a bunch of fat, overweight, worthless human beings to begin with. So when do they stop, you know, taxing stuff. First its soda and maybe then red 345e9 and then stuff with gluten. I mean god knows. When does it stop . Host all right. We hear you. Now to gainesville, michael is on the line also opposing the soda tax. Why . Caller ive always had the opinion that in order to create a Good Community of people it takes the responsibility and maturity to be able to make the right decisions for yourself about your family and by simply trying to get the identical you want purely by making it fiscally harder for people to get product, its not really helping them maturing or helping them become more responsible with their choices. Its taking that option from them and ultimately hurting them in the long run instead of instilling in people the virtue of what is too much and what is ot enough. Host here is one of the ads in support from the Group Philadelphia summits a fair future. Philadelphias chance to help lift our children with citywide prek is now. The daily news called out titans of the soda industry to fund Community Schools that give our kids real job training. It said his plan will help lift our children out of the poverty and compete for real jobs. This is how we get there. Paid for philadelphians for a fair future. Host and in this blog it says the soda tax passes in philadelphia and advocates ask, who is next . The mayor took a different tact from that and said politicians have tried and failed to pass the sugarry drink tax in the past and didnt promise to ear mark the proceeds for health ograms and instead said it to popular 12i programs including universal prek. You say you support the soda tax. Why is that . Caller i support it, because as long as somebody is going for the prek and the Public Libraries and the parks. And i dont think its that high. Which is k my town, decimated bay lack of jobs and we are having trouble funding libraries and always prek is always essential. So i dont have a real problem with that. Now as far as people using the poor as an excuse, no. Lets be honest here, the sugarry drinks is not that great for our kids anyway. So i dont have a problem as long as now philadelphia has a bad track record, now of like their schools is heavily in debt. The Education System up there. As long as the money is being channeled right, thats the only thing i have to say about it and my area needs to look in it, too. Host how far are you from philadelphia . Caller we are about 4 1 2 hours of philadelphia but a lot of us frequent philadelphia. Because they have museums and entertainment and stuff like that. So all of us from the states would be affected, the ones who travel to philadelphia. We might want to buy a soda. Well, we have to pay the piper and feed into their economy. Like i said before, long as it goes to the right places. I dont want the fat cats getting rich off it. I dont have a problem. I think whats 1 they went up soda tax . That ost 1. 5crenlt tax. All right, roddrick from pennsylvania we hear you. Michael from illinois calling to oppose the tax. Michael, go ahead. Caller it just seems to me we keep getting all these taxes from states that are bankrupt and impose tax on the poor and say they are going to use this money for things and help them but they dont. We are supposed to be getting money from the lottery yet we dont. How come the taxing on the poor are getting hit but the rich people dont have to pay anything. Big businesses and large corporations dont pay their fair share for money they are taking from america. One day we will swarm d. C. In force. It will happen and we will rise and take over d. C. Not violently but every country in the world when they want to take control of the government they get in the streets and shut it down. We will be taking over the white house soon. Thank you. Host all right. That is s rerard, illinois, michael calling. Heres trish nadalnys story looking to raise the Philadelphia City county critical on thursday approved a 1. 5crenlt tax for sugery drinks and the story goes on to say it expects to raise 1 million annually and will be spent on expanding prek programs in city and spent on schools and libraries and offering a tax credit for businesses that sell healthy beverages. January ected to begin st. But the compromise which added diet drinks to the mix was supported by all but the county criticals three republicans. Gregory from sherman oaks, california is calling in support of the measure. Hello gregory . Caller i think people need to understand we live in a world that is diminishing and our bodies are diminishing and we need taxes to acquire the means to do such things as fund prek. Our infrastructure is rotting and we need to tax gas to the hilt that is creating climate instability. We do a lot of things in our daily lives. I mean, look at the gun situation. This country is full of people that think they have right to live in every destructionible way passage narrow and dont think they need toe help keep the country afloat. All they complain about is a few pennies here on a sugar tax gasoline enies on but we should be taxing guns to the hilt. Host gregory, the question is not whether or not governments do you revenue but why think the taxes should be levied on sugar as opposed to anything else . Caller because we have a tidal wave of diabetes in this country and a tidal wave of gun violence and Carbon Pollution and the list goes on, on things that need to be dealt with. Taxing it is easy. Some of this stuff should be banned but we at least should tax it and maybe start bending the curve in the direction of a Better Future for peoples self, for the environment and the country and our physical environment. Theres just a bunch of stuff unraveling in our eyes and im all for it and a lot more. Host now earlier we played for you an add for the 23e68dens for a fair future in support of the tax and now heres aned a from the no tax groceries. Was what do you think about the philly grocery tax . It would definitely have an effect on my revenue. I would have to increase the price. The business has been here or 33 years, i would say 50 70 of the sbns beverages. Are they really going to do what they say they are going to do . Call your city councilmember. Go to no philly grocery tax. Com. Host what do you think of the effort to pass the soda tax, the first such tax in a major American City . Lets hear from ron in pennsylvania calling to oppose the tax. Good morning to you, ron. Caller good morning. I just think this is a bunch of crap. I moved here from long island in the hamptons and out here, they have taxes on everything. Mostly the schools. Thats where all our property taxes go. To the schools. What they do with it is pay administrators and build extravagant new football fields. Education is nothing here. If you can play football, youve got it made. Now, they have they raised the taxes on our licenses and our registrations and everything to fix the roads. What happened to the money in the previous years to fix the roads . If they do fix the roads they do such a shabby job that its fixed for a season and then everything comes apart. I dont know. Pennsylvania, philadelphia, they got some kind of tax phobia. They want to tax everything. Host how far away from philadelphia are you . About an hour. Host all right. Ron from pennsylvania. A few comments now from twitter. One person writes if people dont want to pay the soda tax they can always try making their own soda and maybe have a block party to go along with it. Another tweets i dont smoke but people pay for what they wanted no matter what they cost. And werent the lottery taxes supposed to pay for the schools . Just another government lie. James, good morning to you. Caller good morning. The country needs taxes because thats how the country runs. Everybody will probably agree with that. Now, we need to pay down our National Debt. Our National Debt is our credit card and without credit we cant function. I take every ticket sold for every sporting event movie. Ny ticket should have a 1 excise tax because if you can fford a 5 hot dog, you should be able to help pay down the National Debt. Thats all i got to say. Good luck america. Host paula is our next caller. Paula supports the soda tax measure. Why . Caller im sorry . Host why do you support the soda tax . Caller ahh. Good morning. I support the soda tax because im a social worker in our local school system, and i work with elementary schoolaged children, and the obesity rate is unbelievable. I was working with a little girl the other day, and she is 5 years old. She has to way over 100 pounds. And i see so many children coming in in the morning with a sugery drink and potato chips. And we have free breakfast, and they will go in there and eat their potato chips and throw out their breakfast and they do the same thing at lunch. They have free lunch. And they will buy the snacks that they sell, little tinysized pack of potato chips is 1 but they are eligible for a free lunch but they can afford that tiny pack of potato chips. And thats what they have for lunch. Host tell us, does your school sell soda in the school . Caller no. Thank goodness. But teachers will allow kids to go into the teachers lounge to buy a soda. And when you get into middle school and high school there are vending machines full of soda. So and as a previous gentleman mentioned, the rate of diabetes in children is again, just rising and rising and we have a hand full of kids who are prediabetic and i took it upon myself as a die betic to start a little group to talk about Good Nutrition and diabetes and the pushback i got even from the younger children let alone the older children was phenomenal. They did not want to tate school lunch which is, eh, nutritious enough. So my concern is and these are poorer children. So for me, i support it. Because maybe poorer families wont be able to afford the sugery drinks that all the kids come to school with and we can maybe do something about diabetes and maybe we can do something about the obesity rate. Host all right. Paula, we hear you this morning. Next up is al also calling in support of the soda tax. Al . Caller yes. I would say i support the tax but i dont think we should limit this to just soda. Lets expand it even further. Lets tax ice cream,or yo cookies. Lets tax all the other yields of society and tax abortion. Abourgs is harmful for kids. Lets tax abortion. Lets tax nightclubs. Host so how do we decide, though, al, what things are considered harmful enough to merit a sin tax as they are sometimes called . Caller well, how is the decision made for the soda tax . Use the same process. If you decide that something is harmful for solet, ok. Its diabetes for the kids. Lets look at all the other ills of society and tax those as well. Lets not just stop with soda. Lets look at Everything Else across the board and use the same criteria. Host next up, bob from philadelphia calling in support of the measure. Go ahead, bob. Caller good morning. Thanks for taking my call. This is absolutely wonderful. At the rally, right here by city hall, and whats really good about this is they are actually making democrats and liberals so mad that they are becoming republicans. And everybody has that point and i think it should keep going up to find out how much the liberals will actually tolerate and change them to become republicans. The republicans dont even have to advertise. The mayor is doing it for them. Im for it just to see how high we can get it to go before we realize we are being tabsed to death. Remember when cell phones first came out . They were so big and expensive they wanted to tax them because only the wealthy could have cell phones and so they put a luxury tax on it and everybody has a cell phone bill. Everybody is still paying this luxury cell phone tax and remember with clinton they wanted to tax the boating industry and because only rich people bought boats . Well then thousands of blue collar people were laid off by the thousands. That was the only one rescinded by bill clinton and did it overnight with an executive order because theres a point with taxes where people host to be clear. You oppose the tax in principle but support it because you think it might force some democrats to become republicans . Caller it is. In the Registration Office they are getting so many applications for people to democrats to om republicans caller this is simply taxation without representation. I have no problem paying my taxes and supporting my government. But everybody wants to scream weublican and democrat are all americans. All one nation under god. Car is anoda, a inanimate object. It is how people use these objects. Tax,f these people scream tax, tax is that not the same reason we, as america, fought against england . Host that is brandon from tennessee. Here is a story in usa today that shows that bottled water is about to beat soda as the most consumed beverage. Plain old water is on the verge of breaking the countrys obsession with soda. Bottled water is the unlikely drink of choice for a society that is bottle water consumption grew 120 . The rapid rise occurred as carbonated beverages fell 16 in the same time period. Theeasing concerns over Health Impacts of high sugar beverages and the trend towards diets with more Natural Foods and drink could push bottled water to the top of the pack. But bottled water, both sparkling and still, have become an alternative for juice, tap, and even alcoholic drinks. There is still time to get your comment in. Here are the numbers so you can give your opinion on the soda tax in philadelphia. The number is 202 7488000 if you support the soda tax. 202 7488001 is the number to dial if you oppose it. Philadelphia residents, your line is 202 7488002. Wayne, now to fort indiana. Joshua is calling to oppose the tax. Good morning. Caller good morning. The reason i am calling to oppose the tax is i do think it is a tax on the poor, just proportionately, who may end up purchase ands who partake in soda. I think it has adverse affects on the soda industry overall. I think there is a way to incentivize those who may receive subsidized food offerings and that kind of thing , through food stamps and that kind of thing, to buy healthy and make healthy food habits by rewarding them every time they toe, from their abt cards, reward them for making healthy choices rather than penalizing when the government makes decisions that are not so healthy. Toould like for each person read the current information report, which talked a lot about how taxes in reality most often do not do anything to reduce deficits or go back to the people in the way they are selling in philadelphia. Host that is joshua from indiana. There is a survey from gallup you may be interested in. It says young adults, nonwhite, and the low income in the u. S. Drink more soda than regular americans. Half of americans aged 18 to 29 say they drink regular soda, making them the most likely to do so across age groups and all major demographic and socioeconomic sos economic groups. Nonwhites and low income americans, two groups among the most likely to be obese, followed just behind the young in regular soda consumption. Tony is our next caller. What do you think . Caller i am just calling to say i oppose the tax. I think it is aimed at the poor people. And low income people. If i want to buy a soda, or whatever i want to buy, it should be my business. The government should not be involved in telling people what they should eat, drink, smoke, or whatever. If you are going to have a tax, tax guns. There are a whole lot of other stuff you can tax. That is a deterrent, in a way. But i do oppose the soda tax, because i think it is aimed at the poor neighborhoods and the poor people. Care. Of people do not if they want a soda, they will get it here they did the same thing with cigarettes. That has not worked. And where has the money gone with all of these taxes . I just think it is wrong. All right, tony. Some thoughts on twitter. Sugar is a drug and should the tax as it is regimental to human psychological development. Writes i am seine eating salty potato chips. Untaxed, i believe. So much for inconsistent junk food taxation. And another says taxing the poor to help the poor. Would it not be better to tax the rich to help the poor . You oppose they tax. Is like atimately, it consumption tax that states like tennessee or texas or florida rely on, instead of an income taxed. People do not buy pay the tax unless made by the soda. So this argument that it is onerous or something beyond the is stupid, because the people voted for this. And i hate the fact that these beverage creators, these marketers, use black folks in their advocacy commercials. They are trying to rely on the issue of race to try to pass something that obviously failed. But that is how insidious they are. So it is justice in and of itself that the people of philadelphia passed the tax. And they will use it, because you can see how the money is being spent. This is an open and transparent process. Notover it, people who do like taxes. We are a nation that relies on taxes. This is one of the least onerous ways taxes can be imposed. You are an ideologue if you think you can prosecute democracy or a country in and of itself and think you cannot pay taxes. Host that is maurice from george appeared to clarify, i believe the tax was levied by the city council, as opposed through being approved by popular referendum. The story in the philadelphia inquirer, says the Philadelphia City Council Approved the 1. 5 cent per ounce tax on june 16. It also says the vote was split 134. And that it puts a month sometimes bitter negotiations. Next caller is david from pennsylvania, calling to oppose the soda tax. Good morning. Caller good morning. I oppose the tax because, if you think of a broadly, what it will do is affect the smaller mom and pop shops. When people go to work in the morning, they like to stop in the store and pick up the things for the day. As a gentleman earlier said, the lower income families once thestart taxing, it gets to point they cannot afford it. There are way more other areas they can think of to get the revenue they need then tax soda pop. If you think about it, a 2 tax on people who make over 200,000 a year they will not miss it. I believe that would create more revenue than just a soda pop tax. Host and where are you in relation to philadelphia . Caller west of philadelphia. Southwest of pittsburgh. Host do you think or worry that this tax might be instituted in your town . Caller i am sure. Once it starts fair, it will make its way west. Usually in pennsylvania, philadelphia will be the testing ground, and it will start to make its way west, and eventually we will see it here. Host all right. David from carmichaels, pennsylvania. Tennessee. From also calling to oppose the tax. Go ahead. Caller i think it is ludicrous. It goes to show you how democrats want to control the people. I suggest you vote for donald trump. If you do not want the craziness that is going on. Bob from tennessee. Here is a story in the San Jose Mercury news about the results of the tax in berkeley. It says the taxes called measure d. Whether measure d is actually reducing the consumption of sugary drinks and striking a blow against Health Issues is hard to quantify, given that actual figures of local beverage sales are not available. And even if prices overall are being passed on to consumers, bargain prices on soda are still not hard to find. 630 693,000 were raised in the First Six Months of collection beginning in march. But an earlier study by Cornell University came up with a different result. Soda prices went up less than half the amount of the tax when it was instituted. All source you can still buy a two liter liters ofsoda or 2. 5 shasta cola for about a buck, tax at thets sales dollar store. There is still time to call. 202 7488000 if you support the tax. 202 7488001 if you oppose it. Philadelphia residents, your line is 202 7488002. We are also reading tweets. Our handle is cspanwj. Also leave a comment on a facebook. That address is facebook. Com cspan. Dave from michigan is calling in opposition. Good morning. Caller i think it is senseless. Across to camden to buy it for a regular price. All you have to do is go into from philadelphia. I lived there. I know how close south jersey is. Come backur soda, into philadelphia, and put it back in your icebox. Host how do you feel about socalled sin taxes in general . Do you think theres concept of taxing things that is mostly bad for you problematic . Caller let me say it this way. I have a good friend in new jersey. Her name was evelyn. To stay in her home a retired women she had to pay 8,000 a year property tax. Myself, i think the people in that area are the south jerseyphiladelphia area, are taxed enough. They dream up another tax, they clover ofe living in the taxpayer dollar and what more. I cannot imagine what they do with that money that they get in taxes. The property taxes and taxes from every which way. It is outrageous. Government needs a big reformation, as far as i am concerned. Those people in government are definitely used to living in clover off of the taxpayers back. Meant to be a service for your community. You are not supposed to live off of your community. Host that is dave from michigan. Next caller is kathleen from clearwater, florida. Youre were calling to support the tax. We have not heard as many voices in support of the tax as those opposing it. Whyd you support it . I support a soda tax like a sin tax on cigarettes. I support it like cigarettes and a sin tax like anything else. But a letter that responsibility comes from the parent. There was a previous caller that said she was concerned about poor children in the schools. I grew up on welfare. My mother did not have soda in the house. And by the way, in chicago, we call it soda and not pop. It as atreated special treat. We did not have all of that junk food in my house. My daughter is 17 years old, and she does not even pick it up, even if it is there to drink. So it lies with the parent. If the parent did not have good lessons when they were raised, they pass the bad habits to their children. So i think it is a good idea. However, i think it is too high. They said one leader would be an additional dollar one liter would be an additional dollar . Its too high. Host that is kathleen from clearwater, florida. Heres information on how prices could change. A 20 can only pack, according to the American Beverage Associations no soda tax campaign the price could increase by three dollars 60 sense. 3. 60. Liter be up 1. 02. Ld lets go to bubba. Caller good morning. I grew up in north carolina. North carolina has the highest consumption of soda pop in the nation. The eastern part of the state doubles that. If you want to go to walmart on the weekends, you see these enormous people. The poor things are so big and fat, they can no longer walk they waddle. In these stores, walmart and biggestpermarkets, the category more space is devoted to soda pop than any other item in the store. So the tax on it, like the tax on cigarettes, should be welcome. Do i have time to Say Something about host unfortunately, we have time for just one more phone call. Lets get to linda from texas, calling to oppose the tax. Caller yes. I do oppose the tax. Host why . Caller i believe all of these taxes, they say it is just a small amount. But they are doing it across the board. We are being taxed to death. I resent people telling me what is good for me and what is not good for me. As far as the diabetic children and overweight children, if they would instigate recess again and kids and of the exercise they need the teachers do not want to go outside with these kids. They want to give them ritalin. They say they are add or whatever. Part of it is they are children. We do not let children be children and do not let them go out and play like they used to. Leave itwill have to there. That concludes our segment on the soda tax. Stay tuned. Up next, we talked to sam fleming of the financial times. He will talk about the u. S. Economic outlook and how it u. K. se impacted by the brexit position. We will talk to her joshua executive director of the coalition to stop gun violence. And all week long, cspan takes you to nashville as we explore the history and literary scene of tennessees capital city. All of our nashville look program will air in one block, including the story of how the waser tennessee governor ousted by his own Democratic Party in 1979. Turns out the fbi became interested in the blanton administration early. They were focused on the governors office, particularly the office of exhibition ex traditions, working on pardosna dn parole. Pardons and parole. But you have this small crowd that were up to no good. Licensinguor store and highway construction bid ri gging. People went to prison. So this set in motion this extraordinary threeday period coup oned with the wednesday evening. Right next door is the Tennessee Supreme Court building. In that chamber, governor two speakersth it of our Legislature Standing him best standing next to him, took the oath of office for governor three days early. They kept it a secret from , because theyon did not know what he would do. He could have mobilized the Tennessee National guard to make andng around the capitol keep everyone else out. But he did not know. Happened call the coup successfully around 6 00 p. M. That night. Primarythe political season over, cspans road to the white house takes you to this summers political conventions. Watch the Republican National Convention Starting july 18 with live coverage from cleveland. Thee will go into convention no matter what happens. I think we will go in so strong. And watch the democratic National Convention starting july 25, with live coverage from philadelphia. Lets go forward. Lets win the nomination. Fight then, we take our for social, economic, racial, and Environmental Justice to philadelphia. Every minute of the republican and democratic conventionsional on cspan, cspan radio, and cspan. Org. Washington journal continues. Our guest now is sam fleming, the u. S. Economics editor at the financial times, here to talk about the Federal Reserve and brexit. Thanks for being here. So the Federal Reserve had a meeting this week and decided to leave Interest Rates unchanged. Why . Guest the economy has been doing ok, but they are not convinced we are Strong Enough in the u. S. Economy to be lifting rates. It was a question about the jobs figures we had in may. The may job report. That was weaker than anyone expected. They were a bit spooked. They wanted to get more data before they made Big Decisions for the second time since december. There is also the question of exit, the potential of the u. K. To leave the European Union. Couldd has said it feedback and impact the u. S. Economy. With that vote this week on the 23rd, the fed does not want to with Monetary Policy in the u. S. , given the major event overseas. Host you asked fed chair janet yellen about the threat of that. Heres what she had to say. [video clip] upcoming u. K. Decision on whether to leave the European Union, is something we have discussed. It is fair to say it was one of the factors that factored into todays decisions. Clearly, this is a very important decision for the United Kingdom and for europe. It is a decision that could have consequences for economic and financial conditions in Global Financial markets. It could have consequences, in turn, for the u. S. Economic outlook. It would be a factor in deciding upon the appropriate path of policy. It was certainly one of the uncertainties we discussed and factored into todays decision. Host sohost explain what brexit is and how that event might back into the United States economy. The primeid cameron, minister of the u. K. , called a referendum on britains membership into the European Union. Part of thebeen Organization Since the 1970s. There is a strong current of his content, especially in David Camerons own party. Polls suggest the vote is extremely close. If the u. K. Leaves votes to leave the European Union, it severeave extremely effects for the u. K. Economy itself. It difficult for you it effectively removes the u. K. From its main market, the European Union, which is 500 million customers. Larger exports from the u. K. , about 44 . It could also disrupt markets globally. Concerns elsewhere in europe about other countries perhaps starting to consider their position in europe as well. A political contagion, almost, groupsmore rightwing and other Political Parties in europe question whether they could have the possibility to hold their own referendums to push for independence from the European Union as well. Affect Financial Markets and cause disruptions, which flow around the world and could hit the u. S. The main channel when we think about brexit in the u. S. Is not because the u. K. Will see us could see a recession. It is much more to do with Financial Markets. Could you see some really gyrations events, big in the currency and bond markets, which would damage , worry u. S. Ensions markets, and then hit the broader economy in the u. S. Join in with can our conversation. Here are the numbers to dial. 202 7488001 is the line for republicans. 202 7488000 is the number for democrats. Independents, your number is 202 7488002. You can also send us a tweet. Handle is is [video clip]. Our handle is cspanwj. Explain how the Federal Reserve works. Inst it is aboard based washington. It is americas central bank. It is it sets the main Interest Rate in the u. S. Economy, which sets the cost of borrowing across the country. It overseas their Banking System and issues the currency. It is essential to the Monetary System of america. It is embedded in the regulatory and Economic System of america. How does the fed decision on Interest Rates soldier out throughout the rest of the u. S. Economy . Guest by setting the cost of borrowing among banks, the fed affects the cost of borrowing that those banks sell to customers. Lowhe rate itself has been since the financial crisis, but we did see an initial increase in that rate in december. The question since then has been could the fed know again . Fed go again . The costeed to raise of borrowing and taking a little edge off of the economy . Right now, they do not have enough evidence to take that step. Host our first caller is from washington, d. C. , larry on the republican line. Good morning. Caller good morning. The Federal Reserve was treated in secret by woodrow wilson. It is a private bank in federal name only. This creates fiat currency. The treasury was supposed to make the money. The Federal Reserve will not raise Interest Rates, because the u. S. Economy is in terrible rates. We are really in a depression. There is a lot of lies and manipulation. England, it will leave the European Union, because it is fastest fascist. Host we will leave it there. First of all, on the u. S. Economy, i think the economy is still struggling. I would agree that this is not an economic boom, by any stretch of the imagination. Some of the fed policymakers concede that yesterday. The st. Louis fed, who is about the u. S. Ed being in an economic boom as recently as last year, has acknowledged the economy is still weak. We saw that the fed forecasting session last week. They brought down there longerrange forecasts for the fed Interest Rate, acknowledging that the Economic Outlook remains weaker than they would have expected. This has been a disappointing recovery for a lot of people, even if unemployment has fallen sharply to 4. 7 . On the European Union, i dispute what you say they union being somehow related to hitler. The union was set up as a response to the fact that world ore ii tour europe apart t europe apart, costing millions of lives. The European Union did not want to see that again. That is how the initial institution was set up in the 1950s. What those who support states thing in the European Union say. They say the history has created peacerecedented period of in europe. So i strongly dispute the idea it is somehow related to fascism. Host next is brian from illinois. Go ahead. Pleasure to speak with you. I think the really hot underlying issue is immigration. You are talking about the various market activity on the financial sector, but lets focus on the labor market. Is a hot topic in america, because most americans feel that high levels of immigration have led to a flat wages, declining job prospects. I would like to hear your opinion of what the labor market is like in the u. K. What are the average people in the u. K. Think about mass levels of immigration. I do not want to be swamped with 10 Million Immigrants a year. That seems to be the direction we are headed. That is an important point that is increasingly central to the campaigning around the European Union. Those arguing that britain should leave say it is partly because of immigration. Five being in the eu, there is this thing about Free Movement in the eu. That means the u. K. Cannot control the flow of people coming in if they are citizens of an eu country. There are about 330,000 people who came into the u. K. During the most recent year net. Immigration that is controversial. Those people are not all coming from the European Union. They are coming from around the world. But you have seen, in this campaign, immigration become an increasingly important part of the argument to those opposed to the u. K. Remaining in the union. Had tragic news of one of the members of parliament being murdered in britain. How do you think that might impact the debate over whether or not written should leave the eu . Britain should leave the eu . Guest it is a tragedy. She was popular, jo cox. The perpetrator is in court now. He seems to have far right links. He was shouting making a statement during the court hearing, apparently, which would support the impression that he has far right links. Cox wasssociated Jo Associated with remaining in the European Union. Campaigning that has been suspended in the referendum, while people digest this horrific act. There haveime been analysts who have argued it will help the remain camp, because she was pro remaining in the European Union and proimmigration. I would hesitate to draw strong conclusions. Host our next call is from florida on the democratic line. Go ahead, steve. Caller yes. I would like to ask mr. Fleming a question. Of time, theeriod u. S. Government issued stimulateve easing to the economy. I wanted to ask David Stockman was Ronald Reagans office of budget director. Ofwas an outspoken opponent quantitative easing, because he people were borrowing money marginst, and when the calls, it would cause a serious blow to the economy. I wanted to get your take on it. I will listen for the answer offline. Host can you start by explaining what is quantitative easing . Guest quantitative easing was the policy the fed initiated during the financial crisis, where it bought loads of government and private sector in order to inject more money into the Financial System in the u. S. And prop up prices of Financial Assets and counter its risk of huge depression. Say that it has been a controversial policy. I would agree with that. Really, throughout the period that quantitative it easing was initiated, we have the possibility it could inflate a new bubble by pushing up the orue of shares and bonds that it could reinflate a housing bubble. We have also seen concerns that it could create inflation. That by injecting all of this money into the u. S. Financial muchm, if you done so stronger financial conditions, that could feed through to serious inflation. On both of those counts, i would be cautious to say either of come to pass. You still see extremely low inflation at 1. 6 . So very low inflation. The fed has not hit its inflation target of 2 for number of years. On the Financial Markets, you see areas of access. The stock market itself is very high. But certainly officials to not seem to think theres anything like that conditions in the Housing Market in particular, which is an area you need to watch in terms of financial risk. Nothing like the kinds of excesses in the Housing Market and you saw during the boom and bust. Ray fromt is pennsylvania. Go ahead. Caller good morning. Mr. Fleming, you stated that the fed is now buying u. S. Treasuries. They print money out of thin air antithese treasuries. And to the gentleman from florida, quantitative easing was not initiated by the government, it was initiated by the fed. This will take us into a depression, because you cannot print money out of thin air. I will ask a question since you are an economist how much dollars are in print right now. Does anybody know . Guest the fed does create money out of thin air. In a sense, that is part of the role of the central bank, to create the amount of money they think is needed in the economy. Money is created through banks lending money to customers, who deposit it into their accounts, and treated through cash, which is literally printed by the central bank. The concern with the central bank is when it allows the money supply to run out of control or when its credibility is so damaged if it comes apparent it lying bying Government Printing more money, which leads to hyperinflation. All i can say in terms of the dangers you are worried about, as we stand, inflation in the u. S. Is low and has remained extremely low for some time. The idea we are in some sort of dangerous hyperinflation state because of the central bank printing loads of money, the evidence is not there. The Federal Reserve has this question on their website how much money is in circulation . The answer is there is approximately 1. 46 trillion in situation as of june 1, 2016, of which 1. 4 chilly dollars was in Federal Reserve notes. Rate thinginterest though a problem . Necessarily aot problem. We want stable inflation. You do not want to see inflation run out of control. You also do not want inflation going into negative territory. The idea for central bank is to get inflation around 2 . That is the effective target. That is more or less what theyre looking for now. They have not been able to hit it for several years. This is something they are still trying to get to. Whether we see a slight overshoot of that target is potentially one of the consequences, as the fed tries to serve bring things up a little with that getting things out of control. You do not want negative inflation. That is deflation, and you do not want the currency rising, which could make that more unsustainable and lead to people deferring consumption. It is an unfortunate state of affairs. High inflation is also extremely bad. Economists differ wildly in of inflation level is healthy or dangerous. Some people would say inflation at a percent is still not bad of a situation. In the u. S. , we got higher inflation than we have now. Cliff fromis brentwood, california on the republican line. Good early morning. Caller good morning. Mr. Fleming begin by saying that polls on the brexit are close. Survey this week, surely, which had leave in a 10 point lead. Independent the that had leave to a sevenpoint lead. Leave had lead at 20 pints after the murder of ms. Cox. And what of the unspoken reasons the fed is keeping Interest Rates essentially a zero is because of the cost of servicing the National Debt. Can you explain the difference on interest on 19 trillion of debt as 0 compared to the interest at 19 trillion of debt at 4 . That difference is enough to break the budget. Polling, i agree that the polling has been surprising, in some ways, they see the leave campaign doing well. I was taking the entire body of polls to date. When you take the entirety of the polls, it is still relatively close. But there have been polls which suggest things are opening up for the leave camp. That is definitely one to watch, especially this week as we look to see whether that assassination has any impact on peoples mood. In terms of government debt, i agree. Therly, the impact of Federal Reserve policy is one to keep borrowing costs low, which is beneficial for government borrowing costs as well. All i will say is when it comes to the cost of borrowing for western governments around the world, that is low in a large number of countries. There is a huge amount of demand, from pensions and welfare funds for government debt. They want to buy this. And innt safe assets large quantities. There seems to be a structural demand for government debt, which is helping to keep government borrowing costs low. So you have the central bank keeping official borrowing costs low, but you also have investors buying government debt, which drives up the price and drives down the cost of borrowings. That explains why it is so cheap. Host what is the Federal Reserves relationship with the white house and any president ial administration . Guest the fed talks to the white house. Barackellen actually saw obama a month or so ago. Clearly, the fed chair is appointed. And top officials on the board the whiteted by house, subject to confirmation in the senate. That is like many other government agencies. A close relationship. The fed likes to say and repeat it is independent. So that means a has operational control of the Monetary Policy. It is not told by the white house or congress about what to do about Interest Rates. Especially toble, congress. This coming week, janet yellen will speak to Congress Tuesday and wednesday, answering questions in the house and senate about Monetary Policy and whatever else they want to ask. Banks in central western economies like to say we are independent of politics, which on the one level is true. They can do what they want with Monetary Policy without politicians pulling strings behind the scenes. But they are subject to political appointments, and congress has its own views on what the fed should do. There are those in congress who want to have more say on what the fed gets up to. So independence is a great area gray area. Host how might president ial election affect the fed . Guest one question you hear is will the fed keep rates low election, because they do not like to raise rates during a politically tense time. Evidence in history is that the fed has been willing to raise rates during an election year. It could have raised rates this year. It has not happened so far. Some people think it could still race them before the election, september being the most likely time. But historically, the fed has been willing to move rates is it thinks the economy needs tighter borrowing costs. Caller is sherry from san francisco. Good morning. Caller good morning. Some of us were wondering why the name of the suspect, who cox in the u. K. Was not mentioned in u. K. Or u. S. Papers . Muslim an assassin was a or with a muslim name, often the media would jump on this. We were concerned that this seems to be an effort to codify terrorist with muslim. Even when you spoke this morning, i notice you mentioned suspect. Do you have any comments . Been in theame has media. I do not think it is the case that his name has not been mentioned. I think he has been charged this morning in the courts in the u. K. In terms of the idea that this association of terrorism with people being muslim, i think you hit an important point. It is a controversy right now in the u. K. Media. Different papers have reported this in different ways. Some papers describe this person mental healthh issues. They have not emphasize the fact that he was chanting slogans allegedly made statements that suggest he has far right inclinations and leanings. Evidence, including in papers like the financial he had ties to far right groups. Some papers have been reluctant to report that. That those speculate papers may have been more happy to report it if he was shouting words as adjusted he was somehow an extremist muslim. An interesting and complicated point. But he has been named. Rich from centreville, virginia. Good morning. Caller good morning. Here is my comment to the gentleman you have on. Nobody thought there was going to be a crash with the housing bubble. Ything is fine until friday afternoon. Thought weekend, we the world would end. I do not understand why it is so hard to be honest with the American People that this country is in trouble. I heard a report yesterday that the commercial bankruptcies are up. Just in general, all of these things that are occurring, and everyone is lying. And cspan, i love you to death, but there is a guy named peter shift, an economist a mainstream economist who has been yelling about this the last two years. I do not know why you do not get someone on their that would be honest with the people. Host alright rich. Drive safe. I think there are mixed indicators about the u. S. I am not trying to say that is our great. Situation with the jobs market earlier is mixed. We have a lot of people not per dissipating speeding in the labor market at all. To population ratio is low, for instance. Foreclosures and the devastating effect of the housing crisis still hangs over the economy. Of thes of the mood country, you still feel that ofple really feel the impact the devastating financial crisis we had recently. Arguments can go both ways. When people talk about another boom and last around the corner, another crash being evident, their reason we had the reason we had this bust was because of huge excesses in the real estate market. There are areas where housing prices are very high. But across the country, we are not there yet. Those conditions do not necessarily apply. When you think about financial crises, it is tempting to look at the last one and say we are about to repeat the last mistakes. I would venture to say the next crisis, which will calm the next one will be a different one and will have a different cause. The wall street journal had theres a story that mortgages return mortgage refis return as Interest Rates plummet. Wells fargo, the nations largest mortgage lender, says it beects mortgage volume to 20 of 25 higher for the year than the roughly 1. 5 trillion it initially anticipated area j. P. Morgan chase, the second largest mortgage lender, also said that industry volume could be up 50 this year from initial forecast. What do you make for the potential of a refinancing boom . Guest if people can refinance at a lower rate, i do not think we will complain. That is what the Federal Reserve has been trying to do. One of the reasons we have had the growth we have had in the u. S. Is because the cost of borrowing, servicing loans for consumers, has falling so dramatically that debt, even though debt is still high, it has calmed down come down. Obviously, that could change if Interest Rates go up. That will be dangerous potentially for the economy, but that is one of the reasons it is unlikely there Federal Reserve will raise rates dramatically. Host from maryland, jesse is calling on the democratic line. Caller good morning. I was trying to find out, not only for myself the National Debt is the debt we owed to ourselves or two other people or to other people . Guest its both. Lots byonal debt is domestic Pension Funds and other savings vehicles and individuals and is bought by similar vehicles overseas, as well as overseas government. The Chinese Government owns a lot of u. S. Debt. Said earlier to her previous caller, right now, it is extremely easy for the u. S. Government to raise debt at low Interest Rates. People want to buy this. Host joe from crystal lake, onnois is our next caller the independent line. Caller can you hear me . Host you are on the air. Caller good. I looked at the car we purchased in 2012. A jeep cherokee. It was 42,000. That is same exact car in the parking lot at the dealer same option, same engine that car is 55,000. There is one example. The other example is every week we used to buy a couple steaks. Now, the prices of steaks are like 15. 19 just for one porterhouse. You cannot tell me that inflation is out there under control. Not have goods do jobs. They just have service jobs, and they pay nothing. I used to be a manager. Maybe you can clarify, i was wondering when i was working, 20 years ago, everything over eight hours was time and a half. Everything over 40 hours was time and a half. Corporation used to give that after a year of service. And we had so many benefits. Now talking to people, they have no benefits. They cannot earn overtime host we will leave it there so we can hear from our guest. A related common on twitter. Go to the store and tell me inflation is low. Prices are rising, and when they try to hide the rise, they lower the quantity from 16 ounces to 14 ounces. Subjective. Tion is so my rate of inflation is different from your rate is different from others. It depends on what you buy. Like cars yous, buy. It is subjective. It may be that the products you buy are going up in price more than the 1. 6 rough inflation rate i quoted earlier. But people take the overall rate theselation for all of goods. Some will go up much higher. Some will go down in price. Consumer electronics go down in price. If you look at the equivalent television now and a couple years ago, i bet you would find it is cheaper. It depends on the products you are looking at. Your other point is important. One of the reasons inflation is relatively low is because peoples wages have not been going anywhere. People have been badly paid and they feel that. It comes up over and over again in the u. S. I do not discount that at all. That is a huge problem in the u. S. Economy now. ,ost deborah from richmond virginia, is calling on the democratic line. Caller good morning. How are you all doing. If we are so much in dire straits, what is the logical reason why churches are not being taxed . Host did you say churches are not being taxed . Caller no, they are not. At all. And they are the biggest is this we got in america. Guest ok. I have not gotten any particular insights on the taxation of churches, i am afraid. One thing i would say is that some organizations in the u. S. Are doing better than others. Businesses,re are leaving aside churches, which are making huge profits and are doing well. Issues we now need to see in the u. S. Economy for the economy to be more healthy is some of the large profits to be distributed in the form of higher wages. To see more Earnings Growth for ordinary people. That would help ensure the recovery is sustainable. From louisiana, julian is calling on the republican line. Caller with respect to inflation being 1 and 2 not being bad going projected methods forward in the year, we want to keep it at 1. 5 . It does not sound that. But you go to 1971 and took a you do not have one dollar anymore. A dollar became . 14. . 17. When quantitative easing started , and 2014, there is Something Like 3. 7 trillion. So is the definition of inflation is too many dollars related to too few products. Not to be confused with supply and demand. Supplyce fluctuation is and demand. Printing money is inflationary. Think you raised a fair point. If you look in the early 70s 1970s, inflation went through the roof. I think it is very true to say that the u. S. Has been through dangerous inflationary periods in its history. All i can say is right now, if we are to believe official statistics, and i think they are pulled together in a responsible inflation remains, at this point in u. S. History, very low. Host we have time for just a few more callers. Next is conrad from ocala, florida on the republican line. Iller i wanted to ask have been watching the news a lot. And cnn. You wereing talking about wells fargo. They have these programs help people underwater in their mortgage. They say that obama will help people under on their mortgage. When 90 of people 99 of their Credit Rating has gone down since their mortgage has been underwater. How can they benefit from getting their house refinanced if the Credit Rating is low . An importants point. The issue of peoples credits being Credit Ratings damaged in the crisis, is a major issue. Credit ratings can be a barrier to people getting their lives back together and improving their financial situations. Certainly, when the mortgage industry talks about being more responsible that used to be, what it means is it is insisting on mending only to people with very high Credit Ratings, which includes a lot of citizens. Host last caller from marshall, texas. Seven on the republican line. Line. In on the republican caller one of the callers said the guest was being dishonest. I do not think that is true. However, just about every economist you will hear really a bias towards kinsey and keynesian economics. Your comment that inflation is objective that is not right. Inflation is not really about prices, it is about money supply. When you inflate the money supply, prices will be higher than they would have been if you had not increased the money supply host we will have to leave it there. Final thoughts, sam fleming . Guest my point on inflation being subjective is i was first to a caller who felt that the inflation that they saw was higher than the initial numbers. I said it was possible because the individual basket of goods may buy could be going up much more quickly than the overall level of prices. The only other point i will make is that once again, i agree that people worry constantly about the inflation and the monetary supply by the central bank, by the purchasers of these government bonds, and the potential to lead this for this to lead to inflation. All im saying now is that the evidence is it has not happened. Host that is sam fleming, u. S. Economics editor at the financial times. Next we talked to joshua horwitz, executive director of the coalition to stop gun violence. Later, we will talk about defending against socalled with shamanstacks use. He currently serves as the Deputy Director of the George Washington University Center for cyber and homeland security. On American History tv on cspan, starting at 1 00 p. M. Eastern, we are live from Gettysburg College in gettysburg pennsylvania for the annual Civil War Institute summer conference. Like wemined topics construction in the north. Also here conversations about the origins of the lost cause. At 10 00, with the appropriate approach we look at the 1960 six film science reporter suited for space. Our earlierof models. We have the al shepard suit. This is a mercury suit. After that is the gemini. This is aave suit similar to this. Fact, i dental tool identical to this was warned by was worn by white. It looks quite a bit different than the gemini suit. This is one of the earlier models of the apollo suit. Tracing the department of space suits. Artifacts, we go on a tour of the american air and space museum. In may, 1927,ne in 33 and half hours, flown by charles lindenberg. Win the was win to or tag price of the first nonstop flight from new york to paris. The was the invictus for flight. But what it represents to the thisry of aviation is transformation of the airplane m what the right brothers Wright Brothers created to the modern airplane. For the complete American History tv schedule, go to cspan. Org. Washington journal continues. Host joining us now is joshua horwitz, executive director of the coalition to stop gun violence. He is here to talk about his groups position on gun control measures in the wake of the shooting in orlando. Can you tell me a little about your organization . Guest we represent a number of organizations in washington but we really represent our members. We have thousands of members across the country who are concerned about this. Our main goal is we want to translate research into policy success. We do that through policy development. We do it through technical assistance. Are i should note that you a Founding Member of the ortium for you are a visiting scholar at the Bloomberg School of Public Health. You have been working on this issue a long time. What have you seen since the attack in orlando . Has the conversation around gun control changed . Guest i think it changed in important ways. One is the enormous amount of energy involved. This started, in my view, after the Virginia Tech shootings. After the disappointing votes in congress, after the sandy hook thiscre, people thought movement would go away. They were wrong. That was the division the beginning of the development of a powerful movement. We are now millions strong. We have a coalition of organizations we work with. Those people are energized. And because of where the shooting was, in a nightclub, community is incredibly energized. So youre seeing a historic coming together of powerful social movements. That is changing the dynamic we are seeing. Evolutionary. We will not get everything we want now. But it feels, to me, like a lot of momentum in a winning cause. When we passedng the brady bill. I was also here during the bush administration, which is a low year. I know what momentum deals like. Feels like. I get calls constantly about i want to join, what do i do. People who have never talked about their loss are getting involved. Host what does your group and what do your members feel should be done . What policy proposals are you putting forth . Guest there are a bunch of policy proposals that are important. We will talk about what will be voted on in the next couple of days. We are talking about that ground gap. S, closing the terror but overall, we support going to behere is a an attempt to ban assault weapons. But we also think it is important to know who should be prevented from having a gun. You mentioned the consortium for riskbased firearm policy. That is an organization of academics who inform us who is at increased risk of violence. We are focused on people with a prior history of violence. People with a prior history of Domestic Violence. The other thing california passed a gun violence restraining order, which allows Family Members or friends to temporarily remove a firearm during practice. We think every state said should have that. Our viewers can join in. Here are the numbers to call. 202 7488001 if you are a republican. For 7488000 is line democrats. Independents, your line is 202 7488002. We have a special line for gun owners at 202 7488003. And you can send our thoughts on twitter. Our handle is cspanwj. And yesterday, we had larry pratt from the gun owners of america yesterday. If you want to see that, you can visit our website at cspan. Org. Callers. Our robert from massachusetts is on the independent line. Go ahead. Good morning. I have a suggestion that i think would help. It is simple. Just make everyones medical records public information. This way, you will, i think, find people who should not possess weapons. I think there are privacy rights that are concerned with that. So that is not something we advocate. People often ask us, should we not have the records of people who are mentally ill . And use that . That there are millions of people who are mentally ill ill around the United States who will never be violent. We need to use evidencebased criteria to figure out when people potentially become violent. That is a rare occurrence. Most people with Mental Illness will not be violent. Only 4 of violence in the United States is related to Mental Illness alone. But we do have evidencebased criteria. When someone is committed to a Mental Institution because of danger to self and others, that is at criteria we should know about. That we can use as a record of disqualification. But just combing through peoples medical records is not a good idea. In ofyou mentioned momentum after the orlando shooting. Walk us to some of the proposals. Some will, for a vote next week will come up for a vote next week. Some people talk about the terror gap, which is people suspected of a terrorist act have their weapons removed. There is an alternative proposal whichator john cornyn would make prosecutors prove , and case in three days they would have to prove probable cause that a crime would be committed. At that point, they can just arrest somebody. So we think that is a bad to senator feinsteins legislation. If you want to make sure people under investigation for terrorism do not have firearms, potentially under the nofly list, you should go with senator feinsteins legislation. Host what about this potential bill by gop senators . Politico says that the senators are looking for a bipartisan guns compromise. Guest we have four we are focused on on monday. There is a lot of discussion about compromise. We welcome that. Two ofr that those them senators are up for reelection. Is. East kelly ayotte if i were her, who did not vote for background checks after sandy hook, i would look for compromise. She is in a big box. That shows the type of change we have seen in the gun movement. Kelly ayotte voted the wrong way on background checks. She has taken an immense amount of heat on that in new hampshire. For a way to get right with us, not the nra. She needs to go to the floor and vote for Chris Murphys background check bill and Dianne Feinsteins terror gap. Terror gap bill. Host tom is on the line. Youre on the air, turn down your tv. Go ahead. Have a my question is we great country here, and we have the right of the Second Amendment. It takes a gun to stop a gun. Yet, we put these gun free zones out. That is where these cowards go. We have to stop that. No more gun free zones. After all, the people with concealed carry are very investigated. Are exemplaryhey citizens. Lets face the facts it takes a gun to stop a gun. Guest the shooter in orlando had a concealed carry permit and was not an exemplary citizen. That is clear. It turns out there were Law Enforcement officers in the club that evening. The shooter walked in with an sauer, itapon, a sig outmatched the law officers there. There may have been other people in the club with weapons or the whole idea that people partying 2 00 a. M. In the nightclub should put their weapons is victim blaming people he need to make sure we keep dangerous guns out of the hands of dangerous people. Host paul from kentucky is next. Calling on the kentucky line on the independent line and is also a gun owner. Caller first of all, the people gunaris they have strict control there. And the people in paris kill people easily. This is gun confiscation. They want to confiscate all of the guns. They do not want to control guns or terrorists. They want to control the American People. They want to do away with the Second Amendment and with the first and third amendments. These are constitutional rights. They are trying to take away constitutional rights, period. Guest thanks for calling me a fascist and other nice things. Ive talked about balancing differeing rights appropriately. We have the Supreme Court who that i am obligated to understand and work with the laws of the nine them, which ior do. We are talking about how do you balance the rights of individuals with the idea that there are dangerous terrorists and other dangerous people out there. Every right gets balanced. We are trying to find the right balance for the Second Amendment. That is what a serious discussion needs to be. How we balance those rights and responsibilities with evidence and understand when it is appropriate to remove someones firearms. The Supreme Court ruled. We are now trying to understand the contours of that and keep america safe. Omar you mentioned that mateen had a concealed carry permit. He was also investigated by the fbi several times, and those investigations were dropped. Are there any current proposals that would have stopped the orlando shooting had they been in place . He had a very powerful weapon. That weapon, including two manufacturers, is designed for Law Enforcement and combat. The idea that we are allowing americans to have that is a terrible idea. You could keep the assault weapons ban in place and have states have their own type of dan. The other thing is he had their own type of ban. The other thing is he had a violent past. He was extremely violent. He eat his wife. Wife. Beat his his coworkers were scared of him. Allows familyaw members to temporarily remove a firearm. Those are the types of laws we need. Someone has a crisis, we can get the guns out of their hands and give them treatment or whatever else they need to do. After the shooting, the f year fbi would say if you see something, Say Something. But even the fbi cannot remove firearms from someone on the terror watch list. Need background checks that make sure people dangerous people do not have access to dangerous guns. Host can you define assault weapons . You mentioned the assault weapons ban, but that has not been brought up as a potential solution. Guest the president and Vice President have been out there a lot talking about the assault weapons ban. Have your list, which is why it is not one of the potential for bills. But an assault weapon is a short carbine rfile. It takes more powerful ammuniation. It has a pis rifle. It takes more powerful ammunition. It has a pistol grip. These weapons are the kill people. They do that by keeping the muzzle and the barrel on the target round after round after round. Hunting rifles, you shoot them those it is hard to keep types of rifles on the target. These weapons are designed to kill people, keep the muzzle on the target round after round. That is why it has the pistol grip and why it is used by people shooters who want to kill a lot of people. That is what they are designed for. The fact we have allowed them to proliferate is a moral problem in this country. Host our next caller is richard from west lafayette, indiana. A gun owner calling on the republican line. Caller first and foremost, i have to touch on what the gentleman said about the muzzle creep. Weapon,ave a military there are three selector switches. You have semiauto, the triv erse, one squeeze, three round, and full auto. If you try to shoot in rapid selection rapidly with any rifle, you will have muzzle creep. Rapidly. Oot theres no aiming. You, if youhey tell want to shoot a target, its one round only. My comments are as follows i want to get my sincerest condolences to all who have suffered around the world, especially orlando. I want to know one why is it something bade happens, everyone gets on the kneejerk band wagon that we need tough gun laws and more laws. Why do we need more laws if we cannot enforce what is on the books . Apparently, this guy went through the fbis hands twice. Laws willu think more do. Secondly, i wanted to say we cannot even define assault weapons. He gave a speech about it may be center fired or have a pistol grip. Every time you see assault weapon on atv, it is always the ar15, the n16. You ever heard of aruger . It isthe same weapon, but the same rifle but it looks like a conventional weapon. It does not look like the typical military style weapon. It blows my mind that any weapon is an assault weapon. A pistol can be an assault weapon. First of all, a pistol cannot shoot 103 people in under three minutes. This is a weapon designed to do that and did that. As far as the kneejerk reaction, i will say i have been doing this 27 years. This is a policy Development Process that has gone on for a long time. A grassroots policy Development Process. When you work with survivors like i do, talk to mothers who lost their kids, it is not kneejerk. It is from the heart. It is an important piece of change. We have 33,000 People Killed every year by guns in america. That is something we absolutely need to do. I will challenge the caller to look in the eyes of a survivor of this shooting or any other shooting and say there is nothing we can do. Enforcing the laws about this, i agree. I do not think we know yet what is going on with the fbi, but the fbi does not have all the tools they need to keep guns out of the hands of suspected terrorists. If you care about enforcing the law, Something Like the terror gap legislation would be important. On the democratic line from virginia. Caller hi. Thank you cspan and thank you mr. Horwitz. While i think we need stricter laws, i think there is something wrong with the mentality when it comes to gun owners. Just listening to the people who have been calling. They are so frightened, and they have a cowboy mentality that because the Second Amendment has the right to bear arms that we do not have the right to have commonsense mentality. I was wondering why we do not do more psa commercials. If you saw as many antigun commercials as we see geico commercials, perhaps that would have an effect. We all stopped smoking, compared to the 1950s. We all wear seat belts now. I just wonder if there is something we could do aside from all of the laws and bills to get people seeing the danger. To offer prayers and condolences, but why do we not show, as he talked about, the victims and how they are suffering . To think a man or woman who has spouse to be allowed to get a gun, is that e one oure way w society to be . Guest Public Education and cultural change is incredibly important. We do that a law on our website and facebook and with other efforts. But culture change is part of eventually leads to policy change and vice versa. I was fortunate to be at the white House Wednesday for a screening of the new movie i think it is called sandy hook. It is the story of the families after the shooting at newtown. When you watch that, and the pain these families go through the empty chair at the breakfast table or around the christmas tree, when they are trying to celebrate a holiday, the pain of that family is incredible. On pbs andavailable in theaters. I encourage everyone to see the movie. It will be an important moment. That will be coming out in the fall. It is exactly the type of Public Education we need. Host the American Medical Association recently called gun violence a Public Health crisis. What are the implications of that over the debate over gun rights and gun control . Guest it is great to see the ama involved. After the shooting surgeondo, to see the come out and talk in a press conference early on. To see the surgeon saying that we need to do something, i think the doctors and medical professionals in general are an important education factor. It is something that is so important. To have the ama come out on this finally is indicative of the cultural change we are seeing. Will cultural changes drive the policy changes and vice versa. But you need these type of mainstream organizations, and from being involved for me seven years, the type of allies we have today did not exist years ago. From many come different communities. What is important is that the gun lobby is now being isolated. To one thingback the last caller said about gun owners. I think what we are seeing today on the call line is not nonowners. F most most gun owners support things like background checks and do not want terrorists to have access to firearms. There is room to work with gun owners. Dont owners gun owners are not the enemy. There is a way we can do this in a bipartisan manner. I think you are seeing gunowners talk about the need for rational legislation. Otherwise time after time, with this tragedy, this whole notion will be suspect. We have heard some of the anger today that is not indicative of most gun owners. Most gun owners want to figure out a way to keep the violence down and stop gun violence. From next is patricia connecticut, who is a gun owner. Caller yes. About tening earlier you were talking about california, the Domestic Violence the problem i have with the laws that will be passed is there is due process. Bans. Abuse, anyone can say my husband hit me and maybe he didnt. There has to be due process. I am a gun owner and do target shooting. I live in connecticut. Connecticut has is one of the strictest gun states. You need a permit now to buy ammo. I am so tired of hearing their needs of background checks. I was trying to buy a rifle in virginia at the gun show you need a background check. They tell the people in the United States that there is no back on checks at gun shows, and there is. Peruvian citizen, so i have to show my green card. It takes a long time to purchase a gun. One of the most empowering things as a woman is to go through the whole background check it took me about a year to get my permit and then the able to go into a store and buy my own pistol was the most empowering an independent thing i felt as a cars, you know, they kill all the time. Behave been taught to trained in respect the car. I think people should be more. Ducated and trained as children, kids used to shoot and schools, and they still do in the south. There need to be needs to be more respect for the guns. Host all right. We will have to leave it there so we can get some other colors as well. Guest let me talk first about two things. The due process issue, i completely agree with the caller. We have to have due process. If you have a domestic restraining order against you, or a permanent restraining order, you have to give up the gun. That is a judge making that decision. Makes theudge determination. As far as the process, it is not just saying, that person did something. The has to be a judge and due process. There is a lot of due process in area. Mestic violence the second thing about the background check. I live in for genia. I have been to many gun shows. I also look at gun sites. In virginia, if you go to a gun show and purchase from a licensed dealer, you have to go through a background check. You go through another dealer, you dont have to go through the background check. That is what we are trying to stop, stop cells without background checks. They happen on the internet and gun shows. What is the difference between the licensed dealer and the booth next door that is not a licensed dealer . Guest the licensed dealer can send guns through the mail, things like that. People who are selling guns shows fromnd at gun what they call their personal collection do not have to do background checks. Theeed to tighten up Business Standard so does more of a commercial standard. Of a commercial enterprise for you, you should go through a background check. Our position is that everyone should go through a background check. Seller, almostl always, who sells the gun into the market. This is about keeping the sellers responsible so they dont go to felon and other prohibited persons. Host good morning, robert. Caller thank you for taking my call and thank you for your effort. What i dont understand is people dont understand the right to bear arms, but we have the right to be safe also. What we areocus on fighting for, not against. The partisan thing in this country is tearing us apart. You talk about people who are. Buses, stockers have a comprehensive gun law. People are buying guns illegally and committing all these crimes. Look at the terror cap. People with open carry are required to have a clean record. We have one nation under god, not under satan. We have to stop the partisan thing and stop calling people fascism. Host we would hear from one more caller and then hear from our guest. Go ahead, jane. Caller good morning. Thank you so much for your effort. I was wondering if you might comment on how the nra works in the lobby, why the lobby is so powerful. Actuallyi mean, they when a politician is up for reelection in congress, what they do is they will donate opponentand back any who is pronra to defeat that person, that politician, and paralyze them. What are your comments, please. Isst the nras hour overblown. If you look at what they have done in contested races, they have not done particularly well. The independent analysis is that the record is not particularly good. What is interesting is there are politicalme amount of money coming into gun violence prevention. One of the reasons that democrats were so emboldened if they dont it is a winning political issue. Example. Is an really in trouble. What happens is the nra has become a branch of the republican party. After sandy hook, the nra targeted all of those folks. They are just about getting republicans elected. At this point, people need to understand, if youre in a tight out in most districts come with a winning issue, it is great to see big donors stepping up to equalize or exceed what they are spending. It is a great point. I think you will see this rapidly change. Host you mentioned earlier, the influence of highcapacity magazines and efforts to limit sales. Ce explain what is happening there. Guest you can go out and buy 50100 round magazines. In some of the shootings that have been stopped, for instance, he had a 30 round magazine. If you dont have to change the magazine, you dont have the time to intervene. We think there is a reason that shooters choose to use highcapacity magazines. Had a higher capacity magazine, more people would be killed. Another interesting issue is that there was a concealed carry. Older he pulled his gun, but was confused about who to shoot. That really shows how. Onfiscated the situation is the vast majority of these times, it is just to confiscated. Next is dennis from alaska, calling on the line for gun owners. Go ahead. Caller i just want to make a. Imple point problems have to be addressed succinctly. Ix equal the Second Amendment what we always hear i think you have to go all the way to the preamble. The preamble plainly states tranquility. Then, cfd Second Amendment does as it is being used. I was a member of the nra in the 1950s, the 1960s. It was a great organization. It taught me gun safety and how to handle and respect. Beyond that, they had become political. About the magazine, i would add one more think thing. You put two of those babies together back to back, flip them upside down, and you get two. Host lets hear now from martina regina. Caller good morning. I just want to say, number one, the situation in florida, the he that did the shooting, had a federal security license. Junk it be this baloney about needing more licenses and background checks. There are a lot of situations where the nci s and check system is denying purchases because of mistakes in their system. This is what we need straightened out. The people in that bar, if they were armed, the man who did the killing would not have done as much killing. Quit taking rightsofway. The gun ban that mr. Obama has put on, and its all tied up with his desire to get rid of our Second Amendment was a instant check system needs to. E remedied the two process gun act needs to be passed. Done free zones meet more people died. Guest i would just say the gun was not a gun free zone. There was a lawenforcement officer in their. I said this earlier in the show, the idea of a bunch of revelers drinking, in the dark environment with music going, it seems like sort of a juvenile fantasy. There are trained people who can handle weapons appropriately, and they were on scene, and could not stop it. Im not here to argue about gun free zones. We are making sure that people dothe terrorist watch list not have access to guns. I think we can all agree that training people and arming people is fine, and making sure that people who are suspected have firearmsnot is fine also. This is not either or. This is, how do we stop people who are dangerous people from having dangerous weapon struggle that is what this debate is about. Nationaly, it is the instant check system that you were referring to, and there is a pretty straightforward process for coming off of that system is there has been a mistake. I understand the caller might losing her firearms, but the reality is we are selling 10 million firearms here in the United States and we are not bandg any type of gun in the United States. Safety,ying to increase and responsibilities, and make the country as safe as possible. Host next up is marjorie. Caller thank you so much for discussing this topic. I would like to offer a few suggestions that may be you can share with members of congress. I dont agree with the temporary ban on muslims. I wonder if there should the a temporary ban on the war weapons. Not all guns, but these kinds like the colorado shooter accused in the theater there and the one it sandy hook, and of course, in orlando. If congress and the president were to appoint a commission made up of ei members, gun owners, people from your organization to come together for some sort of way to while the temporary ban is going on, while that is happening, you could come up with solutions. I think everybody can get together and do that without the threat of the nra. Please dont stop yet. Quick more guest i wont remember them all. Caller this one, though, critical. Internet purchases of highcapacity ammunition deed to be flagged. If they are going to buy body armor, that needs to be fight also. You justagree with all said. Instead of banning muslims from coming to the country, i think a assaulty than orban on weapons and highcapacity magazines and flagging people buying lots of ammo over the internet, great ideas. I do think that people can come together. I think gun owners, us, and the administration can come together. We need to hear from the American People and find a solution. Last caller will be carrie on the republican line. Go ahead. Caller i might find it easy to side with you is this administration would stop protecting sanctuary cities, promote open borders, let drugrelated criminals, which is tied to guns, loose. Also, photo id cards. We asked them to get a photo id , but the same time, were supposed to abide by all of this. It seems a little hypocritical to me. The second thing, it is people on the terror watch list cant get a gun, they should not be able to float. Host your final comments . Guest i think this is not necessarily an issue of border control. I think that maybe beyond my expertise. I will tell you this. The shooters in the last massacres we have seen have been born in america. Angry,e people who are have issues of violence in the past. There are 33,000 People Killed every day, the equivalent of a mass shooting like orlando every day that does not get the attention it deserves. It is time to deal with it. Horwitz is from the coalition to stop gun violence. Thank you for joining us this morning. Coming up next, we will talk about socalled lone wolf attacks and combating homegrown orism with seamless use hughes. He wamus also, on newsmakers this week, we will look at the stop trump movement. [video clip] the goal of this movement is to organize all the people who are very unhappy with what donald trump has been doing since indiana. I wake up with reasons looking for reasons to support donald trump, and have not found one. This is an effort not to deny donald trump, but empower the delegates to do their job. They have a more obligation to nominate the candidate who is best suited to defeat Hillary Clinton and support the events of the conservative party platform. Right now, the party is moving towards the clatter conflict toward the defeat in november, and it is time that we hold donald trump accountable. If donald trump has to prove himself, he may well show that he is the leader that he says he is. First, you must know, im not in a notrump mode. Donald trump and i have been friends for the last 56 years. I have been willing to stand up and hold him accountable. Hold him accountable to the point of saying everything in cleveland should be on the table. The reason we hold him accountable is it will make him a better candidate. If he is the nominee and if he does win the presidency, i think it will make him a better leader. I think that is what we need to do. In regards to what is good and what is not good, this has been a very good campaign. The speaker of. He House Campaign this is happening all over the republican party. Training us now is Seamus Hughes from George Washington university. He is a former policy staffer of the National Terrorism center. Thank you for joining us this morning. You are here to talk about the threat of homegrown terrorism. How big of a concern is this in our country today . Lets start with the big numbers, and work our way down. Cases. Through all the 2014, the average age has been 26, they tend to be male. Host one of the most frightening aspects of the shooting in orlando is that the be one of us. To he was educated in american schools, an american citizen. What we know about how people like him become radicalized . Guest there is not a triple will a typical profile of an isis recruit. In terms of radicalization, it is not a linear process. Are complex and there are various reasons why they would do so. Are alwaysys various reasons why they are drawn to it. Host we hear about social what is the role of the internet and social media in developing some of these ideas . Guest it is twofold. Isis has a very adept use of social media. They have a good message, what they perceive to be a good message. Platform of social media to amplify that. What we have found is it runs images tofrom the nightly news. People get together and talk about how great it is to be isis. Soundwhere is this online . Dark corners or Public Places like facebook . So years agon or you had passwordprotected forms , you had to know someone to get in there. Evolved to twitter. Twitter is a parcel or popular choice. They have moved over to places like telegram, which allows for some control. Host what is telegram . Createit allows you to groups and invite people in. Can kind of get a sense of how it goes. Host you mentioned there is no single profile of someone who. Arries out an attack what kind of challenge does not present for Law Enforcement who are trying to investigate . Guest that is the issue. There is not a checklist. These are the top 10 things, and if they had those things, they will become a terrorist. That is not how it works. You have to look at actions, and not necessarily behaviors. Are they communicating with known respected terrorist online . To the pop up on the radar . Host we are talking with Seamus Hughes. You can join the conversation as well. Here are the numbers to call. 202 7488000 from republicans. 202 7488001 for democrats. Independents, 202 7458002. You can also send us a message on social media. He twitter handle is cspanwj lets hear from john brennan. He was on capitol hill this week discussing this. [video clip] the socalled lone wolves, it is exceptionally challenging issue for the Intelligence Community and Law Enforcement to deal with. , wetragic attack in orlando have not been able to uncover any direct link between the individual and a foreign terrorist organization. That inspiration can lead someone to embark on this path of destruction and start to acquire the expertise and carry out an attack without triggering any of those traditional signatures that we may see. Those individual actors, either acting alone or in concert with a seriousesents challenge. We are working with the fbi, the department of homeland security, and others to help them identify some of these individuals. Thinkdoes the fbi, do you , have the power and resources that it needs in order to effectively conduct investigations . Guest in terms of resources, cricket is clear that they are triaging. The ipi director talks about 1000 active investigations. It is a unprecedented number of investigations for the homeland. I think it is important to put it in context. It tells in comparison with the european partners. They have to think about who is an individual that unfortunate i will not be will to get to. The other question is authorities. Months, we will see if they have the authorities they need. It is a balancing act. Does the fbi monitor and intervertebral an individual for three years . It is a difficult balancing act. Host lets turn now to the phone lines from tampa, florida, john is calling. What is your perspective on this , someone who lives near the scene of the most recent shooting. Caller i think the Department Homeland security and the fbi should consider identifying all relevant factors for an individual to conduct a terrorist act through careful study of all terrorist attacks in the u. S. And abroad. Beagnitude may circumstantial specific and combines all of these magnitudes for the individual at a time. The magnitude for the likelihood determines what actions to take. One recommendation may be several relevant factors once they are established, use the working equation to establish for all past terrorist acts that how theyrred to see occur. They canat, the next regicide to buy a weapon. You now have probable cause that this person would be conducted a terrorist act. Host we hear that proposal, what you think . Guest i have a colleague that says the fact that we dont have if youon profile th go through the documents, you get snippets, but not a profile. It runs the socioeconomic spectrum. Being rich does not help you. The spectrum. The fbi agency does this all the time. Has the person made actual steps to develop a plot . Talked to suspected terrorists online or in person . Host in other words, you are saying some elements of the callers proposal are already in place. Guest absolutely. Host next is jason from washington, d. C. , calling on the republican line. Caller it is interesting. So much of the orlando shooter, what he was saying when he called into the Police Department was they are bombing his country. We forget that things we do as a country actually insect a lot of this violence because the United States everything i have learned about violence, i have learned from the government. When they dont get their way, they like to use force around the world. When you drop a drone on a wedding party, to we not think that these people will become radicalized . Guest i think there is a whole host of factors that go into this. The issues about Foreign Policy clearly play into the mix, but they are not the underlying factor. What i thought was interesting about the call, he said, bombing his country. Out asady took himself part of america, saying he saw himself as another. An other. As beingot see himself a muslim and an american, which dontt most ot muslims believe. Host are there any Common Threads in the cases that allowed the fbi to actually take this step which they did not take in this case . Guest there are a couple of takeaways when we look at this. Informere fbi used an and at least 50 of the cases. In the orlando case, the used an informer, but did not stick or the person did not cross the legal threshold. There are number of different times through investigation when a Family Member or loved one saw something that was concerning and reached out to Law Enforcement or tried to do an ad hoc intervention. You see that play out time and again. Recently in an editorial that if the red fyke exists, it is Family Members who might spot them. Tell me about the role of family alleged shooter in trying to combat radicalism. Keyt Family Members play a role. I have interviewed a number of Family Members to hear their stories. I talk about it in the oped that you cite about meeting with a father. He tells the story of his daughter joining isis. If you pull through all of the mothers ee individuals dealing passports, things like that. Family members can play a role in stemming the radicalization process. If they have the tools or if they are doing it in an ad hoc way. We do not have a systematic issue. H to address this host is there a systematic approach . Guest everywhere else but here it is something that European Countries to all the time. Creative in be terms of the radicalization disengagement. For the fbi, if you have a youon you are worried about dont have to be necessarily that creative. We also have a smaller number of people going. You can rely on these triedandtrue Law Enforcement efforts. , andaces like germany places like that, you can try systematic intervention program. Germany has hotlines that people can call. Host you also mentioned france Just Announced a program to create the radicalization centers. Is there any momentum for a movie like that in the u. S. . Guest there is a program that works with county governments and gets funding from county governments on that. They work with religious leaders and Law Enforcement and if they have an individual they are worried about, the use social workers and run the case, solar to what you would do with a troubled teen. By the a slope push demonstration away from this broadbased community engagement. Instead of 300 people in a room and talking about terrorism, they are saying, lets do one on one interventions. It is something you can measure. You can determine whether you have closed a case. Host the next caller comes from new york on the democratic line. Go ahead, anthony. To sign theuld like mr. Swain backng thi on thursdays, if possible. Mr. Hughes, it seems we are being intellectually dishonest and it seems to be chronic in the people you might see on shows like this in that we are constantly, or you gentlemen are constantly trying to sell us a cure, rather than look at the cause. The hinge my comments on the caller from washington prior to mine, if you want to stop terrorism, you have to stop or dissipating in it. Invaded an innocent country and brought about all of this low back from the middle east. Power,rgy sector rose to basically a bunch of oil sector into ats, and brought us war. Im sure you anticipated this. Dishonesty i feel is you do not want to discuss, almost like you would be insulting cure leader if you say anything to cheneythe bush and gangsters. You keep trying to sell me a cure rather than look at the cause and say, would we going to do to fix that cause. It is like cancer. What is causing cancer first . Host we hear your point this morning. If you look at the early cases of individuals drawn to isis, it was because of the assad atrocities. It had nothing to do with Foreign Policy anything like that. They wanted to go and attack aside. There is a whole host of factors. Host the department recently issued a terror warning after the orlando shooting. Here is a story from the hill. The quote is in this environment we are particularly concerned about homegrown violent extremists back and strike with no notice. The story says the second notice under thed issued system. What should the average person do . Dhs is saying we should be concerned about it, on the lookout, but for the average person, what type of action with this notice encourage us to take . With, alive it has to do something. Ng, say there is always going to be a by standard. Other question about the bulletin was a talked about homegrown terrorism as a payment threat. I agree with them. If you look at the terrorist attacks in the u. S. , the Boston Marathon bombing, these people were not directed. It is an important dynamic. Less linkages and dont pop their head up on Law Enforcement radar. Host next is janet. Go ahead. Caller yes . Im on . Host you are. Turn down your tv and asked the question or comment. Caller ok. I turned it off. Ike when the tires were knocks down by the plane, those people were in germany. They said they were very nice guys, very patient people to destroy things. Ther ambition is they want muslims all the muslims, the whole world that is what they planned. They are born as muslims, their parents taught them. These people do not just start out and do this sort of thing. Besides, you are saying, that is what the people on tv i dont know why people dont listen to the people who have lived through this. They say they will lie, do anything. Host we hear you this morning. Lets move on to tony from fort worth, texas. Go ahead. Of emphasisut a lot on licenses. We have had more american terrorist acts in this country that we have committed by muslims. It is a war, and a war that we cannot win. Everyone that you may catch, there are 10 still out there plotting. This war is not a war that americans are used to fighting. Everybody is saying, watch the muslim. They are what locking up the i dont know if they are locking her up or not but they are investigating her for being married to the sky. You talk about the cal columbine shooting, the Church Shooting we have until by more americans than people with isis. How do we combat that . Guest i dont think it is either or. We look at all forms of extremism. Of again, it is not either or. You should be concerned about dylan roofs, as well as others. Cannot ignore the fact that 88 individuals were arrested in the last two years. 61 people arrested just last year alone. While those numbers are small, they are exponentially larger than usual, usually you have 1015 cases per year. There is clearly a phenomenon going on here that you need to understand and put in perspective, but also study. Next is alex. You are on the air. Caller i would like to make a, about all of this can control stuff. We have a right to detector cells in this country in the right to bear arms. If we are not allowed to exercise those rights, their places like the District Of Columbia where it is impossible to get a gun permit. On the scene and put a gun bullet through his head rather than all these hurt. Getting host in the previous segment, we were focused on the issue of homegrown terrorism. Balance rising. There is debate whether the focus should be on commonlaw or expanding fbi authority. Where do you fall and where does your organization fall . Guest we are nonpartisan. We dont try to jump into politics. We take a step back and look at the use of guns for terrorism. Gunsly the easeofuse of increases lethality. People on a watchlist, whether they should have guns or not, we leave that to politicians. Individualwe had that killed one person and an armyanother outside in arkansas. Ation he brought a gun at a walmart and was waiting to be arrested, but he wasnt, even though he was on a watchlist. Host you talked also about the impact of social media on the radicalization process. What do we know or what do we hear from social Media Companies like facebook and twitter over how they are trying to deal with the threat that might be on the networks . On one side, organizations like facebook are over lenient in pushing alternate messaging. Twitterike telegram and fall in between. Social Media Companies, by their core, are libertarian, when it comes to use of the internet. I think we are seeing increasing public usher on taking down content. The interesting thing here is one way looks at the isis recruits online, they built in resiliency. Summer, there was lone wolf seven. He came back as lone wolf eight. Followed lone wolf age. By the time he got arrested in the fall, he was lone wolf 21. There is resilience in the system that allows them to get back and forth. They are firm in their beliefs. They will find ways to get around the system. You have to balance, do you not them down so they figure how to get back on board to counter focus on counter messaging . Host next is tina. Go ahead. Good morning to you. Caller thank you for listing to me. I just want to comment on the shooting in orlando. I am a florida resident. This is not a democratic in, republic thing, an independent thing. You have to look at the shootings that happened, the children who were shot at sandy hook. This is something we need to work as americans as a whole. This have beenke going gone for centuries. We have to sit down and come up with a plan to keep these things from happening. If we just analyze everything and say this is an american thing and a lot of people are if we dont do some thing about the situation, this will continue. I will make this really quick, im in a situation we have charge andare in wont do anything about it. We need to come together as a whole with a plan so we can stop this from happening again. Touching because i lost individuals in this. I dont know them personally, but my job, Family Members have in the shooting. My condolences go out to them. We need to come out with a plan and vote as well. Host we hear you this morning. Our next caller is kristin on independent line. Caller i want to know if we treat isis like a criminal gang and use some of the tools that you use. Shooter, he live was not a dedicated muslim, or anything like that, he did not seem to be. You put this in perspective, like chicago, the gangs killing 50 people a week, or Something Like that. I wonder if we should treat them. Ike a criminal gang guest i think there is a big. Ifference with islamism in the u. S. Context, we do take a criminal approach. The use ofs informants, but they use informants in all different cases. They are taking a criminal approach to it. We need to step back and realize play are other dynamics in. The things that happen in syria and iraq affect us. Host here is a question from twitter. What is the proof that someone from the u. S. Is a member of isis . Had we know . Guest we did a report on isis in america in december. We looked at 7000 documents. A spectrum. On the. Tends to be more 1718yearold crew than the old school. Host in terms of legality and the level of investigation into the threats, how do you measure it . Guest it is difficult. Materials forse terrorism cases. It is a broad statue, providing personnel. The state Department Designates group. It is a very broad statue. If you decide you want to get on , andne to go to turkey someone but you the ticket. That is Material Support for terrorism. In terms of st. Louis, if you gave 700 and a sniper to someone in syria, that is Material Support. Host tweeting in your parents basement might not be Material Support . Guest no, but you see committing acts across lines a woman was charged with that. Our next caller is pat on the independent line. Go ahead. Commentim calling to that im tired of hearing about the lone wolves. I blame the government in control right now in the night states. Back in 2002, they found schools in the United States that were teaching hate. They were islamic schools and funded by i think it was saudi arabia. Monitoren, we cannot all of the schools because that is profiling. , ourant the fbi, the cia troops. These people are fanatics. You cannot reason with a fanatic. Host Seamus Hughes . Guest for the most part we see the communities do not radicalize, people do. One of your points, the idea of lone wolves. And theback the onion, vast majority of these cases, they were connected through friends and family. Radicalization is important, the offline relationships to matter. Then, the mood music. Does the islamic ideology cross into a violence . We have seen a fast the geordie of individuals never make that cross. Taking a step back and looking at European Countries, you have the ability to meet radical groups easily. In the u. S. Context, for a variety of reasons, it is much more difficult. Host next is kevin calling on the independent line. You are on the air. Caller how are we doing . Host good. Caller i have a question. It is a Pretty Simple question. What is the difference between a patriot, who believes in the Second Amendment, which is there to protect us from a tropical government and of lone wolf and domestic terrorist. What is the difference between that, in your eyes . I see that a lot of people need to look up executive order 13 603. When you open the borders and there is an election like this, what happens if president obama calls martial law . Guest im not sure the president is going to call martial law in his final months. The question becomes is it individual domestic terrorist or not tied to an ideology duckling will have a number of cases where people wrap themselves around an ideology. When we look at is are they trying to advance a political objective check in that case we are looking at terrorism or extremist. Host what is the definition of homegrown terrorist . Guest the fbi definition is very broad. It involves isis inspired terrorism or the far right. Are you trying to advance a political ideology through violence . Org in be definition. Host good morning, tony. Caller good morning. My question is for mr. Hughes. On the see something, say was aing policy, there teacher down in texas. Mohammed,gallant boy, who had something that looked like a bomb. She reported it to the authorities. He got invited to the white house. She got death threats. Guest it is a difficult something,ct to see Say Something. You would hope that we would be able to train people to understand the differences between clocks and bombs, although it is going to be a balancing act. I always like to air on the side. F safety see something, Say Something is a catchy phrase, but what are the some things that people should be looking for . Guest for isis cases, what we have seen in the past is individuals are putting themselves, communicating online ,ith respect to terrorists watching suspicious videos. All of that is covered under the first amendment, but as far as Family Members, they could see something concerning. John one next caller is the democratic line. Good morning to you. Caller good morning. Host you are on the air. Go ahead. We need to redefine terrorism. Ou have countries we support netanyahu kills 500 people aildren and we give them standing ovation. You have governors which are not to Medicaid Expansion and cause. Eaths they need to be arrested and as im gitmo, as far concerned. And it is against the law to support a country that violates the human rights of palestinians, yet we send them thousands of dollars every day. We have turkey, we support them, who bombed the kurds, who are allies. Ally is more of an ally to us than any of those countries. Host Seamus Hughes . Guest i think i would disagree with some of the assessments, but i would say, you are going to have a number have to make a number of deals with individuals you may not agree with 100 , and that is the nature of diplomacy. If you agree with him 100 , they would probably not be sold useful for you in this context. Host the final caller comes from california, madalyn. Go ahead. Caller good morning. Im a republican and very much against guns. People who kill are motivated by different extreme groups. With sadly experience timothy mcveigh, he was inspired by the nazis. Those who killed the abortion doctors are motivated by the pro life movement. They are all inspired by something radical. The only solution there is is to civilizedas so many nations have done around the world. Our forefathers allowed people to have guns to protect themselves from british invasion. There was no massive military to protect the people of those days. My final point is there is no reason to have a gun. The ability to have a gun for entertainment or estimates of the protector selves is not justifiable when compared to how many people are killed or injured by a shooter who is the element of surprise. Im a republican who believes in the governments responsibility to protect people from other people by allowing people to have guns that serve no purpose other than to kill, the government is failing me. From that was madalyn california. Final thoughts . Guest i wont touch the control panel talkedst about that. In terms of isis inspired terrorism we