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Ndependents, 202 7488002 we would love to give your desk love to get your comments we would love to get your comments. The many papers and pictures in the papers this monday morning. Here is a poignant one in the Washington Times. It comes in california and the reagan library. Low wall out and from the library were someone has left flowers and a note. A point out in this Washington Times piece that the library was closed yesterday after the announcement of mrs. Reagan cost death. A steady stream of mourners stopped by to deliver flowers and pay respects. Wall street Journal Photo of nancy reagan from 1981 in the red room of the white house. The cut line says she was known for her charm and grace. President obama says she redefined the role of first lady during her husband passed firstterm. A look at the Washington Post picture of the reagans from 1988. This was at a luncheon in new orleans. The headline to that story says, it in substance and style she redefined the role of first lady. One more picture for now. One of the many memorable photos from the time of the death of president reagan. Nancy reagan bowing her head, touching the casket of her husband on june 9 in 2004. Looking forward to your phone calls as they come in but we want to talk about the legacy of mrs. Reagan for a couple of minutes with Richard Norton smith, author and president ial historian. Guest good morning. Host how will you most remember nancy reagan, both as a public figure but as a person . Guest i have the opportunity to work with her in effect and the president after they left office. For a while i was director of the reagan library. It is interesting. One thing we have heard a lot this week is about her influence behind the scenes, particularly personnel, her reinforcement of her husband cost policies. Policies. Bands all of that is true. Something else that she did that i think is even more relevant to the current political situation in which we find ourselves. Ronald reagan was a conviction politician. He also had been a former union head, a negotiator. He always said if i could get 70 i will call it a good deal and come back later. She was very much the same way. Would not allow a grudge and politics are full of them, she would not let a grudge get in the way of advancing her husbands agenda. 1976, james baker, who was then a minor official in the commerce department, he had become chief delegate hunter. Very effective in that role. Spencer, the political operative who had been instrumental in getting Ronald Reagan elected governor in 1966. In 1976 went to the other side to work for ford. Logic told you there are two people youre never going to see associated with a reagan presidency. To the contrary, nancy reagan was instrumental kim baker, the old delegate hunter, he became Ronald Reagans chief of staff. Spencer was very much a part of the campaign in 1980 and beyond. That just speaks to her shrewdness and frankly a generosity of spirit. A pragmatism that im not sure the current candidates in either party emulate. Host what was she like to be with in person . Guest everything you have heard about. The graciousness is true. She had a marvelous as of humor. To be honest with you some people were too afraid of her to make her laugh. But if you could make her laugh, she liked to laugh. Instances inber of social situations. We would bring to the library all kinds of people. Covering the whole political spectrum. She was very comfortable with that. Invited fell afoul of mrs. Reagan when he was notably unsuccessful chief of staff after having been secretary of the treasury. I thought, i am pushing the envelope too far here. She was perfectly willing part of the reagan legacy. She would commit herself body and soul. She worked very hard on that library to help bring it into existence and to sustain it and ensure its future long after both she and the president were gone. It was one of the real sources of pleasure for her in her later years. Host wanted to ask you more about legacy as we wrap up the cause we know you have to get going. A little more perspective on her legacy compared with that of other first ladies in history. Guest one of the things about first ladies, each one is unique. Each one to some degree shapes a job around not only their interests but their temperaments and personalities. Mrs. Reagan is a complicated legacy. In the sense that she is not just a traditionalist as i think people may have expected in 1981. She was a very substantive policy oriented first lady. If you know what i mean. And yet someone who took pains to conceal that aspect of the job. Quite frankly we may never know the forward steps of her influence not just in personnel but on substantive issues as well. She wanted Ronald Reagan to go down in history as a peacemaker. Significantmade a contribution. The exact size of it we may never know. Its not the sort of thing that will be committed to paper. We know more than we did 30 years ago. I think with the passage of time this growing appreciation of the magnitude of her role and her contributions to the success of the reagan presidency. Host Richard Norton smith author and president ial historian. Thank you for helping us get this program started as we are about to talk to viewers. Appreciate it. Guest my pleasure. Host one facebook posting from charlie. No matter how anyone feels about the reagans you show some type of respect for her passing. Nancy reagan was a lady first and foremost and a lady always knows when to leave. That is charlie. Julius is calling from chicago heights, illinois. Caller ok. What i remember about ms. Nancy reagan, when she got off the plane at ohare field, i guess you would call it a dog whistle. She said it is so good to see all these white faces out here. That is how i remember her. Host lets hear from joe. To mrs. Reagan, she was [indiscernible] say no to drugs. , hypocrisy if you might say, with all due respect. Contrast, thehe war was congress did not war. Reagan was bringing millions of money, billions of money on drugs in central america. Ronald reagan had alzheimers at one time they at first they nancy said, her husband has alzheimers. When it happens to you that is the point. Hiv, they were against hiv. Hiv. Had a friend who got hiv. E, i dont care about they die on the war, it is ok. I have a friend, now i am going to support. That is an irony. Says unless it happens to you. Thats the point im trying to make. Host lets hear from howard in illinois. I would suggest to you that nancy reagan was a wonderful woman, a queen in her own right. A wonderful wife. Ronald reagan never strayed. There was no scandal. She always conducted herself as elegant as any president ial wife ever did. That speaks a lot for the fact that she was effective in whatever she did in her personal relationships. I dont know her, but i do know things my patients told me about her that she was an extremely personal, intimate with her husband and that he was happy with her unlike most residents in recent history most president s in recent history. That is my understanding of her through significant thirdparty people. I would say she was really a queen in her own right. Host thanks for calling. Carol at twitter rights, from all accounts she was much smarter and intellectual than liberal media give her credit for. Truly had a great love story. A statement by the president , president obama and first lady. Ansi reagan once wrote nothing can prepare you for living in the white house nancy reagan once wrote nothing could prepare you for living in the white house. We were fortunate to benefit from her proud example and her warm and generous advice. Our former first lady redefine the role in her time there. Later she became a voice on behalf of millions of families going through the aching reality of alzheimers and took on a new role as advocate on behalf of treatments that hold the potential and promise to improve and save lives. From president and mrs. Obama. Constance, you are on the air from birmingham, alabama. Caller good morning. Host what would you like to say this morning . Caller i remember nancy reagan. She was very nice, warm. Very kind woman. Humble. I remember her as doing the just say no to drugs program. Which was very successful and still goes on. I also remember her as taking care of her husband during alzheimers. Verynk that gives you a nice perception of her as being a wonderful person and a woman and a wife to her husband. Host thank you, constance. Cecil is on the line from indiana. Good morning. Caller good morning. I was really young when ms. Reagan was first lady. Strength ander dignity. I remember during a press she fell out of the stool she was sitting in. Shemember when she got up to keep her dignity about her. I thought that was admirable. He was a great lady i would like to express my condolences to her family. Host onto dan in wayne, michigan. Caller she was a wonderful lady. I think she was his second wife. Now that era is over. They pass that bill we allowed that at the last minute. I do not know when people are going to stop the nonsense that is going on in washington. Host looking forward to more of your calls. I want to promote the lines one more time. Democrats, 202 7488000. Republicans, 202 7488001. Ndependents, 202 7488002 here is a photo on the front page of the new york times. This was back in 1976. Speaking at the Republican Convention in kansas city. The story those witnessed in the photo comes from luke cannon lou cannon who has written several books about president reagan. Heres protector testers protector fierce protector. He writes mrs. Reagan was a fierce guardian of her husbands image. During mr. Reagans improbable climb to the governorship of california and ultimately the white house she was a trusted advisor. Without nancy, there would have been no governor reagan, no president reagan. They go on to write that behindthescenes she was the prime mover in mr. Reagans efforts to recover from the scandal known as irancontra. Some of the proceeds from the sale had been diverted to the contras opposing the leftist government of nicaragua. Trying to persuade her husband deal,logize for this arms mrs. Reagan brought political figures into the white house. Among them, robert strauss, to argue her case to the president. The president eventually conceded that she was right. On march 4, 1987, the president made a distant apology in a nationally televised address that improved his slumping public Approval Ratings. That is the new york times. Newark,ar from james in new jersey. Caller how are you doing . Host doing fine. Caller i kind of knew reagan since 1978. Happened, one thing nancy did that really helped me, i have been almost five years straight, no alcohol, no drugs. It does work. Just saying no. Any people addicted to drugs, just say no. It does work. Almost five years straight. No alcohol, no drugs. Thank you. Host thank you for calling. Several callers mentioning mrs. Reagans just say no antidrug slogan. The Washington Times gives a bit of history. Mrs. Reagan said the idea for just say no, a phrase that has iconographyd public , came from a talk she gave it an element or school in oakland. A little girl raised her hand and said, mrs. Reagan what do you do if something offers you drugs . And i said, you just say no. And there it was born. I think people thought we had an Advertising Agency over to dream up the whole thing but that is not true. That is mrs. Reagan. We have chris from nottingham, maryland. Caller good morning. My thought is let me say that nancyyearold reagans prime and all of the things you guys are mentioning, the just say no program, happened when i was very little or definitely before then. My image of nancy reagan has been one of respect. I respect her as someone who my elders have respected. My personal experience with her is very narrow. [indiscernible] will what i do feel like and this is offtopic but i feel it is related. I feel like the coverage of Nancy Reagans passing in the last two days has been interesting because i feel like all coverage of Nancy Reagans passing an almost to the point where i did not see anyone covering the win of Bernie Sanders in maine yesterday. I thought it was interesting to hear every single state that votes, we have major coverage almost all through the night anytime there is state voting. Maine voted and all they were talking about was nancy reagan. I understand she was very influential, certainly changed the role of the first lady. I think it is important to cover all the news and not just some of it especially when an underdog pulls and upset. Host understand the point. At 9 30, we will go back to the campaign. We will focus on last nights debate with Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton. We will watch pieces of it and take some of your calls at 9 30 eastern time today. Time, we will read the phone numbers for you. Democrats, 202 7488000. Republicans, 202 7488001. Ndependents, 202 7488002 looking forward to talking to more of you. Woodruffbit from judy of the pbs news hour. Part of our first ladys series a couple of years back and talk about how the assassination attempt on president reagan helped to change a presidency that was brandnew. [video clip] it made her much more protective. She was completely focused on him and his safety but after argue, was you could it was her sole focus. At one point she said Something Like, when he left to go somewhere i was not even able to breathe deeply until he came back. That was in the movie. Something she said in a documentary to us. She was much more looking for any which way she could to keep them safe. He was going to be out and around but she was grilling people around him to make sure that he was always doing whatever was the safest possible thing. It just made her even more determined to keep him healthy. Host that was a small piece from our segment about nancy reagan, part of a larger series on first ladies. If you want to watch that segment or any of the first ladies segments we did, you can go to our website cspan. Org and eries andthe word s you will see first ladies pop up. David, tallahassee, florida. Thank you for calling. Caller good morning. Just wanted to make a comment. I vaguely remember the reagan presidency back when i was a kid. I have seen how politics has progressed over the years. That old the sincerity politicians had compared to today. Great to be able to flash back when someone dies. You can flash back and look at their history and see where we came from and hopefully we can hold onto it. Host fix for calling. More photos from the papers this morning. Nancy reagan at the u. S. Capitol , 2004. Her husband president reagan lying in state there. Photo from the new york times. Mrs. Reagan showing up at the Washington Hospital carrying a jar of jelly beans. Favorite snack of mr. Reagan when she went to see the president as he recovered. Heres the front page of the Washington Post. Shot of nancy reagan. Exerting profound influence on a popular president. Mrs. Reagan was often seen as the bad cop to her husbands congenial good cop, putting her at odds with senior staff who wanted more exposure for the man known as the great communicator. After John Hinckley junior attended to assassinate her kept senior. Reagan aides and sympathetic public at bay while he convalesce. She argued against his running for reelection in 1984 because of fears about his safety. She defined her role as being a shield for the emotional and physical wellbeing of the president. An the Washington Post. Carmen is up from hamilton, montana. Caller i think that is the fastest time i have ever gotten on. When Justice Scalia died everybody was praising him and everything. I just thought, citizens united, how he crippled this country. Never did anything for the poor people. Nancy was kind of the same way. She mustve been a good lady some way but her and her husband, they have rocked our world with this trickledown economy and everything. That just say no thing, instead of going into hospitalization plan, a plan to take care of peoples health, she went to a punitive plan. Wanted to put everybody in jail. They built this big Border Crossing in san diego with about 32 entrances and had this operation and they found one joint and spent billions of dollars. I never saw a woman who helped spend more of our taxpayers money and do less for the poor. Im sorry i have bad things to say but im glad her instantly are gone. I will be gone im glad her instantly are gone. I will be gone sunday host i will let you go. Mrs. Reagan was fiercely loyal to her husband, he writes. That devotion was matched only by her devotion to our country. Her influence on the white house was complete and lasting. During her time as first lady and since she raised awareness about drug abuse and breast cancer. When we moved into the white house we benefited from her work to make those historic rooms beautiful. That is from president george w. Bush. We covered an event yesterday out in ohio with Governor John Kasich who is trying to win his home state for the republican nomination. He was joined by actor and former california governor arnold schwarzenegger. They took a moment at a Campaign Event to remember mrs. Reagan. [video clip] i wanted to say briefly and recognize the passing of nancy reagan today. She was one of the greatest first ladies. Extraordinary human being. Such a wonderful partner to her husband, president reagan. Who was without any doubt one of the greatest president s in the history of the United States. [applause] i know she will join him now in heaven and this love affair between the two of them will start all over again. I want to say a word about nancy reagan because, today my wife is going with me for a couple days on the trail. I am thrilled that she will be with me. My staff is thrilled because they say she keeps me in line. I have a sense it was a little bit that way with nancy reagan and her husband. She looked out for him every step of the way. Made sure that the people [laughter] she did not do that, sweetie. She made sure the people that were around him were people that were committed to what he believed in. She was an incredible lady, very strong and a total class act. I have to tell you, she is now with her ronnie and with the lord and it is great. Got bless them and God Bless America for what Ronald Reagan and nancy reagan did for this country. Host from the campaign trail in ohio yesterday. More from some of the candidates, tweets from several of them. Hillary clinton writes that nancys strength of character was legendary and her advocacy was tireless. Praying for her family. This from Hillary Clinton. We have Bernie Sanders, this is a sad day for america. This one is from marco rubio finally from ted cruz back to the phones now, eric from georgia, thanks for waiting. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] caller we only hear the pros and cons. Like people said, mrs. Reagan and Ronald Reagan were good for a certain sector of the population. Black people really suffered with the politics of Ronald Reagan. Was doing what donald trump is doing. He is doing it out loud. Mrs. Reagan had a lot of influence on Ronald Reagan as i know. Started his campaign in philadelphia, mississippi. Civil rights had been born and different sectors of people look at this differently. You have to look at it on the point of view of how it affected your people and your society. For black people, the ronald presidency, it turned out to be a lie. Donald trump is basically saying the same thing but he says it out loud and it is offending the Republican Party. Harder for a be rich man to get in the kingdom and easier for camera to walk through the eye of the needle than for rich man to get into the kingdom of heaven. Thats what you see with donald trump. Host good morning, randall, from mississippi. Caller she was a great lady. Its shameful to see to say things to see people saying things that are not true. Dont know between good and bad. I have nothing bad to say about a good person and i wish people practice what they preach and read the bible and love your neighbor. This lady had nothing but positive things to say and compare hillary to the sad state of harris and lets not denigrate anyone is positive is nancy reagan. It people could practice what they preach. She is a fine example of the best, thats all i have to say. Host dave is in pauling, new york, good morning. Happened think what was nancy reagan was a and i think she watched the last republican took hernd they just out because it was too much for her to see what the Republican Party has evolved into. Donald trump from the president ial campaign trail rights of this write this. Here is paul ryan, the speaker of the house we have ron on the line from boswell, indiana. I would like to send out letrayers to the family and everyone know she was a class act in every way. Thats so lacking in todays politicians. Its too overwhelming to lose someone of her stature. [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2016] host good morning, jimmy. Caller as far as nancy reagan, she was a nice lady and i never heard anything negative about her. Something out was there, we all have skeletons in she lived a nice life. Swayed she probably romney a lot of the things to do what he did. Thats about all i have to say. Host thank you for calling. We will do this for about 10 more minutes and we will show you this wall street journal p iece. Patrick is calling from minnesota. Go ahead. Caller 0 the comments you just made, its a sad day. I thought she represented her role extremely eloquently. I would say just that eloquent but firm. Presidency of that era showed so much unity within their own personal relationship aat transcended into more of feeling of optimism for a good decade are you i was 19 years old in the era of high inflation and economic malaise, the uncertainty of the iran hostage crisis. It evolved as rings as she became president and i would observe her. You would see the difference in the civility of their objectives. I just thought that was extraordinarily honorable. To see her live this long and have an impact, i work with kids with addiction. Host eric is from pittsburgh, good morning. Caller good morning. We cannot get that the other invitedng she [indiscernible] into though white house. Ruben is calling from raleigh, north carolina. Caller how are you doing . Reagan was saying no to drugs. At the same time, she was saying came in and crack hit the United States nationwide. It was like a bombshell hit. People were smoking crack from coast to coast. All she could say was say no to drugs. We lost a generation to drugs when these people were in office back in the 1980s. Everybody is saying nice things about these people. They did not look out for the interest of the people in the urban areas in this country. During the 1980s with all the cocaine that head. Thank you. Host nancy pelosi as we mentioned, the flags at the capitol are flying at half staff today. It was ordered by the speaker of the house in order in honor of mrs. Reagan. Caller good morning, my dogs are barking. I will walk away from them. I am older, 59. This weekend. During thee all born reagan administration. And i changedat to republican when he came into office. My question was, in all of the , what foundations did she develop on her own . Do you have anything about that . Uestio. Foundations used to associate with doing good rings. Hillaryo say that taking money outside of the country and putting in a to their pockets, i wondered what kind of things she started that helped people individually. It seems like foundations have very in a gray area. Host thank you. Youngstown, ohio. Caller i would like to say that nancy reagan was a lady. She personified the best in women. She cared for her husband and her children. She cared for her country. I grew up in that era. I voted for reagan. Say that i amo going to miss her personally because she represented to me the best in women. Thank you. Host thank you for calling. Back to facebook the powerful statement of say no to drugs. Rest in peas, mrs. Reagan was a classy and admirable first lady and an asset to the American People and she will be missed. Calls, a couple of more doc in baton rouge, louisiana. Thoughtgood morning, i mrs. Reagan was a woman of grace. I look back at the last few first ladies, they could have taken up play out of her playbook. Nowink we are missing grace in not only the residence but also the first ladies. Host anything else . Caller thats it. Host last call, joe, washington, d. C. Go ahead. Caller good morning. I am a republican. I dont want to critique anybody but the people who are calling , they didat era whatever it been whatever needed to do and we have to get away from this stuff that used to be. And think america will ever go back to that. We need to give credit where credit is due. There is enough missing in our lives. No in is trying to sneak smear anybody. People are praising them as the standard but this standard has changed. A lot of them came out of the area where you had jim crow and things that did not work in other peoples favor but now its more balance. I wish the world is going to hell in a handbasket and thats not true. We will always be great as god sees fit. Comments, these are people who have never [indiscernible] i hope we can come together and appreciate the glory that god has given us as americans. We are just working together and hopefully we will achieve some common ground. Host that was the last word. Thanks everybody who called. We are going to take a short rake and then come back with paul taylor who is the author of the next america. He explores a wide area of economic demographics and Political Data to indicate major shifts that are changing america and he will connected to the campaign. On the history of third party and independent candidates in president ial races. We will be right act. We will be right back. Tonight, we will examine the 1996 Telecommunications Act with two of its chief authors, jack fields from the house energy and said to midi and massachusetts democratic senator Edward Markey on the commerce subcommittee. They will discuss whether the act is outdated and should be rewritten. Hulurds like google and and youtube are part of the culture but they were impossible to be created before the act. We got a lot right but nothing is perfect. One thing we did do is we moved not only our own country but the world from analog to digital. Away theal was to take lines of demarcation that prevented competition and by unleashing the Competitive Forces, it created the investment that was needed to bring us to this world today. Watch tonight at 8 00 eastern on cspan two. [applause] every election cycle reminds us how important it is for citizens to be informed. Politicale home for junkies on cspan. Its a great way for us to stay informed. There are a lot of cspan fans on the hill. There is so much more that cspan does to make sure that people outside the beltway know whats going on inside. Washington journal continues. Host we have paul taylor, the author of the next america. Good morning and thank you for being with us. Guest pleased to be here. Of thetart us off definition of these generations and tell us about the showdown. Guest boomers and millennials are the largest generations of the lifecycle at the moment. Boomers are now in their 50s and 60s. The oldest will turn 70, a huge generation that was born after world war ii. It was a big demographic spike. We have been a disruptive generation because of our size all along and had to build a lot of schools. They built suburbs for us after world war ii. Were a big disruption in the counterculture of the 60s and now 10,000 baby boomers will turn 65 and another 10,000 tomorrow. Everything of day between now and 2030, a lot of them will migrate from the workforce into retirement. That will put a lot of pressure on our Social Security and medicare. The millennials are the young adult generation from 1835. They are also a huge generation, generation x was a baby bust. The millennials are making a slow walk to adulthood by the traditional measures that somebody my age would say. They are slow to getting married. They are getting married about half the rates that their parents and grandparents did an slow to buy houses and buying cars. They are having a tough time economically. We talk about rising income and wealth and inequality and its a fact of life in the 21st century. Less attention is paid to the way there is an age skew on that. By and large, todays generation is better off in terms of the way we measure economic wealth than yesterday. They have more income and wealth. Todays young worse off in yesterdays young. Its one of the reasons why todays younger not getting married or buying houses or cars. Host what is the showdown all about . Guest its interesting because there is a racial and political dimension to this. These are generalizations that they are based on reality. Older americans tend to skew white and conservative. Younger americans tend to skew nonwhite and liberal. We see they both extraordinarily differently. We saw that in the last few campaigns. Without the votes of millennials , the leading republican candidate would be mitt romney. Millennials have flex their muscles and changing the art of politics but they tend not to vote in off year elections. Its one reason why we have this unusual skew. Thats why washington institutions have trouble working. The popular vote is being won by democrats but the last few years have never been at her in 100 years for republicans. A lot of this is the behavior of the millennials. They turn up in the big vote but not in the off year elections. We see a little of that this year in the democratic race. Sanders has gotten 80 percent of the votes of young adults but not that big a turnout. , to go back to where we started, we have a set of about half of our budget is Social Security and medicare and the nonchild portion of medicaid. The numbers dont work. Everybody in washington knows that. It will force difficult and painful decisions about how to make sure these great programs that have worked well before will continue to work in this century. It will be these two generations based on where they are in the lifecycle and their political views, they have competing interests. They are not at each others throats. They interact with each other and their family lives. Theres more intergenerational goodwill than there used to the a few decades it go area perhaps the nice thought is that perhaps that will translate from the family realm to the public realm and be easier to solve some of these problems. Host let me invite you to phone in for your questions. We will keep the numbers on the screen so we can get that diversity of callers. Here is one chart. Its a different look at generations and partisanship. What is this telling us. Speaking, the older you are, the more likely you are to skew conservative and republican and the younger you are, the more likely to skew liberal in democrat. That is pretty striking. The has to do with difference of racial profiles. The United States is an route to becoming a majority country. Generation are a transitional generation to that new america area it has been the case in this country for decades that minority groups tend to be more comfortable in the Democratic Party. The other point about millennials, they are a liberal voting block. They dont identify with the Democratic Party. We asked adults of all ages what party they are in a record 50 of millennials say i am independent. They have grown up in an era where politics, they dont want any piece of that. The political system to them seems gridlocked and its not solving problems. They dont identify with parties but in voting behaviors, they are democratic. Host getting back to the president ial campaign, we know from exit polls that young people are going for Bernie Sanders in large numbers. Older folks are for Hillary Clinton. Why is that . Guest i think Bernie Sanders record represents a challenge to the established order. He is not politics as usual it makes that clear and wants a political revolution. He believes the system is bogus. I think thats an appealing message to this generation of young adults. Havery clinton, they dont profound differences on policy solutions but the differences you have within a party but Hillary Clinton represents the political establishment. Degree, sanders is the outsider and the outsider is appealing. Host a recent Time Magazine piece guest in the last year, largestals are now the age block in the electorate and the largest age block in our workforce. But they punch below their weight come election time. It is partly their lifecycle and its always been the case that younger americans vote less. In recent decades, that has not made too much difference because young and old voters are alike. If you go back to bush versus gore, you had 50 of older and younger adults split 5050. If you go to the past two obama elections, there was a record size gap between the way young and old about it. It was the youth vote that not only helped elect obama that rescued him from defeat four years later. If you go into the off year elections in the obama era, these were recordsetting years for republicans because the young did not turn out. 19. 9 in 2014. That was a record low. Talking about red states and loose states but in the modern era, you can talk about ready years and blue years and that has to do with the voting patterns of young versus old. Calling froms tacoma, washington, 61 and over. Caller you want my opinion . I have always thought that Hillary Clinton would be good for president because she has been all over the world. Everyone needs and is trying to help everybody, not just the rich like some people. She would like everybody to have it good. I dont like the way the being cruel to the democrats. All the candidates they say have done everything great. I know they havent. They are against abortion which i am as well but they dont mention that Ronald Reagan was the one that started the laws for abortion. It seems like the democrats were the only ones who worked hard and getting jobs. It was Ronald Reagan that made cut that that they could sell our good paying jobs which they did. The drugs is what is ruining our country and reagan was the first president to let drugs come over. And all the Social Security. The social all security and left no money when he got out. Host you put a lot out on the table. Democraticad another debate last week and have had a lot of debate this season. I used to be a politics reporter for the Washington Post so i have been watching this as a lot of americans have. Whateverck by this your view is on the left or right, it feels that this year more than any year i can recall that the candidates for the two Political Parties, it seems as if they are running for the presidency of Different Countries if you listen to them. A metaphor is the wall. We live a difficult times and their outsiders trying to harm us whether they are Illegal Immigrants or isis and other groups, lets build a wall. The message of Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders is lets break down barriers. Some of this has to do with the two different parties attitudes toward the changing demographics. Country that is becoming more multiracial, more multicultural and diverse. The democratic arty for the last several decades has been more comfortable with that and is projecting a message to appeal to that new america. The Republican Party has a lot of people in it who are uncomfortable with the changes. They feel like they are strangers in their own country. I think donalds message appeals to that group. There is a lot of economic stress that people of both parties and all ideologies feel. Some of the messages on the economic front Cross Party Lines but on the demographic side, you see a clear difference. Host the caller mentioned Hillary Clinton and reminded me of the peace you have on women and leadership. You say barriers persist. Hillary clinton looks to be the nominee and she is a woman. We are in an era where gender roles in many realms of our country, gender roles are converging. You see this at home. Households that have children under the age of 18, 40 of those households, the mother is either the sole or primary breadwinner. 50 years ago, that was only 10 . Women are moving to the for in terms of becoming the family breadwinner. They are doing better and the pay gap is been disappearing. Generation,llennial it is almost entirely disappeared. It tends to widen out as men and women get a little bit older. In the family realm, and most work laces, there is question that gentle roles are converging. When you get towards the cop whether its in politics for him Corporate America, you still have the phenomenon of a Glass Ceiling. The Pew Research Center has tried to understand where this Glass Ceiling comes from. We have asked a battery of questions that invites the is something, different about men and women . It is the mad men era view of women. Is it institutional barriers . Men and women say it has to do with institutional barriers and no difference in the sexes. Outside d. C. In the age range of 4660. What would you like to say . Caller i was raised republican. Independent and i am voting more democratic. Im leaning more towards bernie. I would be happy with hillary but it seems the Republican Party that i knew from before, its more extremely radical right and authoritarian. In areas asomising a woman and a mother, im not comfortable with the direction they have gone. Host why did you discover this about yourself . Caller it probably has been about 810 years ago. Host was there a particular episode or time the got your attention . The stronger the evangelical movement became and the ways they were framing the role of women, their stance on abortion rights the constant ,essage about fear mongering just the way they want complete control of aspects of peoples personal lives outside of what should be a republican stance. How to govern versus the extreme rhetoric i keep hearing on invading peoples personal space. She used the word authoritarian which is interesting. I have seen some interesting scholarship on the appeal of donald trump. Not a down the line conservative. Has hadthe debate he with ted cruz and marco rubio and others. Ideologically, he is all over the place. Who he is clearly a appealing to is an authoritarian withe, in a world filled disorienting change, says i will take care of everything. He has clearly found a vein of support there. Now 18 note that we are states in and hes gotten about 35 of the republican vote. Any other multicandidate contest i can remember, it seems this political race on the republican side has been all about donald trump. Of thegotten about 2 3 Republican Voters who have not chosen him. We will see how this plays out. There is no question he is senseing to a very deep of feeling that we need order in a disordered world. How broad that is will be tested in the coming months. Host lets go 1829 from ashburn, virginia. Morning, mr. Taylor is right that many millennials do vote liberal. The Republican Party speaks to us about limiting government and lowering taxes. Then we hear the rhetoric about. Mmigrants why would i want to vote for someone who has that opinion about my wife who is an immigrant. Lost because we feel one message speaks to us and the other doesnt. A little bit out of step with conventional policy. Host is there a candidate still in this race or was that is appealing to you . Caller i like rand paul a but he did not emphasize the limited government stuff. Time, that will probably be it. He makes a good point about the young adults. Their liberalism is most definite on social and cultural and diversity issues along the lines of those he described. Bigsic economic issues, versus small government, you see much less of age skew. You are right in pointing that out. I think that leaves a lot of young adults cross pressured. Given the voting behavior of millennials we have tracked for a decade or so the oldest have not been in the electorate for a decade when they put their thumbs on the scale, they have a tendency to come down heavily on the democratic side. I think a lot of it has to do with exactly the lifestyle and lies and identities you describe. This is a generation that is multiracial and multicultural and many are immigrants or the children of immigrants. We close our borders to the immigration through the middle of the 20th century and opened them back up almost exactly 50 years ago and since then, 59 Million Immigrants have come to this country. Unlike the earlier immigration ways, this immigration wave is mostly hispanic and increasingly different. It is creating a large share of these immigrants. Secondgeneration immigrants are marrying across racial boundaries. We are becoming a more mixed race. This is disorienting to older americans. They dont recognize this country but the young adults, its the only world they have ever known. Its the worldly want to grow up in. When they hear rhetoric from a Political Party that seems to say you are not really us, we need to build walls, its a turnoff. Point,wo illustrate that by 2065, no racial or ethnic group will be a majority in this country. Tell us more about what that means. We were in an 85 white by 1950 mbytes 2050, it will be 45 . The hispanic immigration wave at the moment has been driving that change. Going forward, its likely to be the asian am a graphic immigration way. Among the most interesting additional changes are racial intermarriage. If you go back to 1961 when Barack Obamas parents were , these and he was born events occurred in hawaii and not kenya. Its something on the order of marriages in 1961 were interracial. That marriage was deemed illegal in about a third of our states. 2. 5 of all marriages 50 years ago were across the lines of race and ethnicity. Fastforward to today, about 16 of all new marriages are across lines of race and ethnicity red led by immigrant groups, asians and hispanics, more than a quarter of them marry out. We are becoming more racially blended. If you look at the super bowl three weeks ago, and we had the onsite and bruno mars and they are part of a celebrity culture. Eyonces song, she kind of talked about that. This is completely natural to young adults. That olderhing adults, particularly more conservative, are having trouble adjusting to. This is the way of the future. A majority of children born today are nonwhite. We are on a path toward becoming a majority nonwhite country, racially diverse. From surveys of young adults, this is not a problem to be solved. This is an advantage to be celebrated. As long as we have the tolerance and acceptance of diversity. We are getting there. We have a lot of stress and is clearly whos we are becoming. Host our guest is a former reporter from the Washington Post. Book, ther of this next and america. Jonathan 3045 years old, good morning. Caller i would like to comment. The author is right. Plan thatsystematic has been planned for over 100 years. I am just telling the truth whether you like what i say or not. People have been trying to dewhite the world for 100 years. Israel wrote a racial program for the 20th century. Have to mixat we different races together so we will control the world easier. It will not be a white world anymore, it will be a brown world. Host any reaction . Guest im not sure how to react i was talking earlier about racial intermarriage. There is much more religious intermarriage these days than there used to be. He used to be a big deal in this country 100 years ago if a protestant were to marry a catholic. Now its sort of happens with virtually no comment. Close to 60 of jews have married nonjews. The idea that there is a plan and somebody is moving above all this and directing people and telling them who to love and who to couple with strikes me as way out of bounds. I dont think there is such a plan. Millennials, the from twitter guest its interesting that they are not. I have a lot of data on this. I will start with the following, when you ask millennials about Social Security and if it will be ready for them when they retire, 50 say it will not be there at all and another 40 say yes. 6 of millennials say these programs will be there for me when i am ready to retire at current levels. However, when you ask people of all ages including millennials if Social Security and medicare are good for america, nine in 10 millennials say yes it is good for america. We dont see a whole lot of those kind of ratings these days on any subject. If you ask people if your mother loves you, we would not get nine in 10. These programs have been around for a long time and they are the two most popular things that government does. They are the most successful programs. Because of Social Security and 2020 fivef you are years old, grandma and grandpa are doing ok. Without these programs, the poverty rate for seniors in America Today would be 50 . Because of these programs, the poverty rate for seniors in america is 10 . Thats not just great for grandma and grandpa but its great for your parents and you because those benefits flow throughout the family tree. In some ways, the benefits of these programs for young adults are being ranked right now in the wellbeing of their grandparents. The very difficult policy question is, will they still be there for young adults when they are those ages. Course, but nonpartisan trustees of these systems have been saying year , they say no, they dont work. They say we have to take this on now because the longer we wait, the deeper the whole and the bigger burden the solution falling on the young. I think todays young frankly have a legitimate beef with the in availability of their political leaders in ability of their political leaders to take this on. Its a surprise they are not more up in arms about this and that may be because at least they think they are helping out grandma and grandpa. Host another tweet lets go on to atlanta in the 4660 age bracket. Caller good morning, i have a comment regarding the president ial elections. It kind of ties in for my age group with the millennials and so forth. The American People need to understand and remember how good the clintons were to us back in my time when president bill clinton was elected as president. Obama has done a great job in presenting what needs to be in order to help the biggest class of people in this country which are the middle class. A lot of people are losing sight of that. I think that putting Hillary Clinton back into the white help as a leader would with our Social Security and everything else. They did a lot of things to help us. They brought in a lot of programs and people are thinking that is not going to work anymore. If we choose a republican candidate, is not going to work anymore because they are looking out for each other, the 1 . The middle class is steadily falling behind. I appreciate with his gentle man is saying. I think we can get our country back to where we wanted to be and where it needs to be if we elect someone like Hillary Clinton for president. . Ost paul taylor questio make will not watch any partisan comments but i watched the debate in the 90s came up several times and Hillary Clinton was on the defensive on the issue of mass incarceration, perhaps on welfare reap warm, on trade pact. Effective ins was raising those issues to a democratic audience. Hillary clinton to talk about the future but she said we did create 23 million jobs in the 1990s it she said the middle class was still expanding in the 1990s and the economic record supports that. The middle class has been shrinking since about the year 2000. Qualitye of wealth in a which is a global phenomena but we are in the lead among the advanced economic countries around the world in seeing this phenomenon play out. That bothality parties are talking about. They have Different Solutions but it has continued at pace in his part of the reason why the public is so frustrated with politics as usual, the sense that the standard of living has flatlined, wages are stagnant, we are not moving forward. Somehow the idea of the American Dream that it gets better for the next generation. Adultsneration of young are a downwardly mobile generation. Every conventional measure you would use like median wealth, medium income, unemployment, employment compare this today with older adults when they were the age of millennials now and they are doing less well. The does not compare with idea of the American Dream which is perpetual forward motion. Frankly, another part of this is very disturbing which is the notion of intergenerational mobility. The American Dream is you come here from all over the world and start the autumn and work hard and you have the right values you go as far and as fast as your talent will take you and we are a classless society. Statistically, that is not the case. When you start the lower end, you have a better chance of advancing to the middle or top in canada and most of western europe than you have here. A more accurate statement of the American Dream in terms of parents is choose your wisely. The wealthy they are, the wealthier youre likely to be. Its not a story we like telling. Part of the frustration and the anger with Politics Today stems from that story. We are having a debate between republicans and democrats about what we have to do about it. Host 25 minutes left from our guest, central florida, 621 and older. Caller good morning. Comment about my people why asking why black people vote for democrats. [indiscernible] a profit hold it up the pen. Choose just have to as the white people choose. Whats wrong with America Today . The Republican Party founded the tea party. They are talking about jobs. Everybody knows that if you keep reaping the field and dont so your seals, you will not have a field. Dont blame obama. All these evangelical people in america, if they cannot stand obama taking back this country, when he took it, they should not be living in america. That thearco rubio say president has no class. Up in ancky to grow environment in america, better than obama. Ted cruz should not be running in america. Citizen by her. Would play out. Democrat,running as a [indiscernible] let me start with for the caller started which is noting correctly that the Democratic Party has enjoyed overwhelming support from the average American Community in this country. It has been over 90 of their votes. If this pattern goes forward in a multiracial and multicultural society, the challenges the Republican Party bases. Africanamericans are 13 of the u. S. Population and that has been constant for the last halfcentury. What has changed is africanamericans are no longer the largest minority group. That is now hispanics. We are now in a world where the nonwhite vote will be close to a majority by the middle of the century. Republicans could be competitive in a world where they got the majority of votes. In 2012, mitt romney got just 17 of the nonwhite vote. 70 of theore than hispanic vote in more than 70 of the asianamerican vote. These are rising shares of the american electorate. The Republican Party itself did an autopsy after the 2012 race with many leading republicans who thought they would win. We had unemployment rates at 10 . The economy was still in bad shape. Yet, obama wound up winning fairly easily because the electorate had changed and become more nonwhite and dominated by young adults. The Republican Party is not solve this problem. Many people thought after the 2012 election that they needed to moderate their positions on Immigration Reform survey would not be seen as the enemy of these new immigrant groups. That did not happen legislatively. If you listen to the rhetoric led by donald trump in the building of the wall and the characterization of mexicanamericans as criminals and rapists, and the view that need to begin another country, you have a party thats once again portraying itself as unwelcoming to a more diverse country. That may work in low turnout that its but it seems remains a longterm problem for the Republican Party. That is frankly why the debate within the Republican Party has gotten so difficult. Reasonsits one of the that the two last president ial nominees for the Republican Party have come out and said we cannot as a party and is a country allowed donald trump to be our standardbearer. The Republican Party is the one facing these demographic challenges frontally at the moment. We will see how it plays out in the coming months but this is a longterm challenge. At some point, they need to address that. Host a passage from the book powerful the most force in the 21st century american politics, republicans democrats the first tot observe this. It has gotten balder but beyond that, its very rancorous. Am old enough to remember political euro where there was such a political creature as a conservative democrat and a liberal republican area you cannot find those on capitol hill and you find fewer and fewer of those within the body politic. It is because the demographic changes in the country have made political tribes more identitybased. The people who are likely to be andcrats are a certain kind they are younger and more likely to be nonwhite. Republicans are older and more likely to be conservative and be religious and democrats more likely to be secular. It takes on a tribal aspect. You throw in a news media that increasingly has a red truth in a blue truth in each side appeals to the version of reality that the tribe wants to see and that is reinforced. Debates,president ial they seem to be talking past each other. They are talking to different segments of america. We will get to the polls and see how those conversations are joined. 4160 years old, welcome to the program. Caller id like to take the opportunity to disagree completely with mr. Taylor. What side ofuess the equation he is on, i would say its on the left side. If we have to go back to basics, you have the left and the right. What are the definitions of the left . Left our people that take and the people on the right give area what are you going to do . You cannot continue to take, take, take. It is not a country of free stuff. It is a capitalist country. It has always been a capitalist country from the beginning. That is why people came here to begin with, to pursue their happiness. There is no guarantee they will get the happiness and they knew that when they came here. They know that now. There is no guarantee. The guarantee is only for free stuff. Thats why people are coming across the border. They come across the border to get free stuff. We are a democratic capitalist country. Absolutely. Notionlic supports the of a Free Enterprise system, free market, capitalist system, entrepreneurial system. You see support for that across the board. Isown sense is that that what attracts people from all over the world and has for 200 years. The notion that this is an opportunity that this is an opportunity society. An entrepreneurial society. Andding the world by givers takers, suggesting democrats are one and republicans on the other , that was something that you will recall four years ago that probably was caught on taste saying. Caught on tape saying. It didnt go over well. I offended people that consider themselves democrats. It seems to me that that is not inaccurate not an accurate representation of how the country is divided. In my view, dividing people by givers and takers misstates the reality. Host dede wants to know the difference between cubans, mexican, south american voting tendencies. Guest very interesting. The hispanic population, 57 Million People in this country. The Largest Group of mexican origin. About 60 . Only about 3 are cuban origin. Overwhelmingly they had voted democratic for decades. The one exception to that rule has been cuban americans, many of him came as political refugees after castro took over. They were very republican. That was the political profile cubanamerican population in miami. Even that is changing. Staying in florida, the profile of the latino population in that state is changing in interesting ways. The cubanamerican population is no longer the largest. A lot of people think of the puerto rican migration from the island coming to new york and new jersey. Overwhelmingly democratic, cubans are the exception, less of an exception than they used to be. Mark, florida, fort lauderdale. 61 and over. Welcome. Caller good morning. Welcome. Thank you for this interesting discussion. Listening to the comments from in, ivers since i got change my mind about what i originally called about. That yourad a caller guests answered very well talking about makers versus takers. When you talk about takers or i willrs, whatever, focus on that thing, but you didnt mention the fact that he was talking about immigrants coming here to get free stuff. Mexican immigrants coming here are not coming to get free stuff, they are coming to work and are lured by businesses and corporations that wanted cheap labor, they got rid of good oldfashioned American Workers, like meatpackers, which used to be a great way to make a living but they replaced them all with mexicans at super low wages. They are not coming here for free stuff. The guy that called and was complaining about that. He was worried about lowercost things like welfare, food stamps, that kind of thing, but what about the orbit welfare that there is so much of in this world or our country, i should say. Wall street its, bailouts. Tarp, that sort of thing. Bailouts, wall street bailouts, tarp, that sort of thing. Its ok to throw billions and billions and billions of dollars at corporations and banks . Which, from my tone of voice, you might guess, even though i have been able to retire pretty welloff, i lean towards supporting Bernie Sanders. Thanks for calling. Interesting, corporate welfare has been a subject in this campaign and Bernie Sanders has probably talked about it more than anyone else but on the republican side you hear donald trump and other saying that too much party capitalism and other things. This is a concern in a time when the middle class is shrinking, where standards of living for most americans have flatlined, where the memory of the economic collapse of seven or eight years fresh and the view is that it was wall street that was at the center of this is still out there, its not surprising to me that these issues are being discussed and perhaps will be addressed. Scarlet, brooklyn, new york, between 18 and 29. Caller thank you for having me on. Host how old are you . 20 three, actually. You know, what i dont is sotand is why everyone obsessed with whats happening to the gop and how theyve lost control of their party. Ive seen the stats that the average Trump Supporters havent even reached a High School Level of education. I was wondering if mr. Taylor might comment on how the educational background might have changed in who is voting as a republican and why it is that the average trump supporter has only reached a High School Level of education. Who are College Educated republicans voting for it this time . Who is facingl the struggle of paying for student,s a transfer for me the reason i am supporting Bernie Sanders is he realizes the struggle for millennials at this time is an economic one. It isnt blaming others, blaming immigrants. All of these very basic instincts that will allow us to get out of this economic place that we are in in the u. S. Right now. Im sorry, host go ahead. Caller what i was trying to get across, i would like to know more about how the educational background has changed in the Republican Party and if he thinks that might be the issue that the gop is facing. Host are you still in school . Or are you working now . Caller i am still in school. I lost a fulbright scholarship and as a fulbright as a transfer student it was difficult to get to acquire another scholarship. Im now in debt when i didnt expect to be. Host something we didnt ask we hear a lot about. The other caller, the folks in your range range, the millennials, there is a tweak is it to asks create, innovate, and survive . What do you make of those comments . Well, its not i think that its very unfair to say that we are looking for a handout. Because the fact is that there is a certain set of factors that have made it difficult for us to continue in school, even if we had done well in the past. I have personally worked very hard to recover to get the scholarship that i received, but i realize that at this moment the way that the College System is structured in the u. S. , it basically is just centered on a business model. Me looking for some kind of handout. This is just me trying to get an education, trying to understand why the u. S. Is having why notaverage voter is realizing what is really at stake here, what the issues are, and not realizing how we are being taken advantage of. Voter isge american being taken advantage of when they are paying more taxes than people in the upper income bracket. Host thank you for calling. Theres a lot there. To her original point about folks and their education levels , she asked why they seem to be going for donald trump. Can you elaborate . Of quick points about education. The voters who have gone so far for donald trump, its notable that he has done well across most demographics within the Republican Party. A little bit old and a little bit lower income and lower education. Thats not to say that he is also doing well among other groups. If you look more broadly at education and how it plays out education, partisan this one factor from my book, if you look at adults with a someate degree, more than form of graduate degree, and how they identify, democrats have Something Like a 20 advantage over republicans among people with postgraduate degrees. There is something that has happened there among highly educated individuals who go into the scientists that sciences who are now more comfortable in the Democratic Party. The Democratic Party, in terms of its base, in terms of , to put it in masterpiece theatre terms, its a bit of an upstairs downstairs coalition. It is a bit of a mixed, there has been that change at the upper end. Did they talk about that . A hugeit is clearly issue for Young Americans and one of the reasons why they are slow into the milestones, when you have young adults not married in their early 30s or 20s, do you want to get married . Yes, but what is holding you back . I dont have a job, career, i cant be a good provider. Until i line those things up im not able to think about the next step. That plays out in other behavior. One more thing about college, bad as it is, the average college having doubled in real dollars in the last generation and more young adults have college debt than was the case, it is also the case that in the america of 2016 the only thing more expensive than going to college is not going to college. If you look at 18 to 35yearolds who have only a High School Degree or maybe some college and didnt get a degree, if you look at their economic circumstances, what you see is within the millennial generation of growing gap by education. There is more of a distance between millennials with a College Degree and millennials without than was the case 30 or 40 years ago, when you could just get your high school diploma, you could be in line for a good job at General Motors or a factory near you. You had the prospect of lifetime middleclass employment. We all know how the world has changed. Unfortunately, our system is burning through these young adults and its hard for them to get started this early in life. Joseph, good morning to you. 30 to 35 years old. Caller i went to college. I studied business statistics. I never studied anything about millennials, generation x, i read it on my own. The truth is, this is government data. Hes stereotyping it. I dont think any other race would like to be stereotyped, hispanic or black, i dont think you would like to be stereotyped. This is a form of gerrymandering. I would like to know your defense. A fair criticism. Im not sure i have a great defense. What i will say is that the statements of made our generalizations, its true. Not every millennial fits within the portrait i described. There are many differences within age groups. However, there is a lot of data. Tohave different ways described his cohorts by their economic circumstances, by their social and political values. On that basis that i make these generalizations or, fair enough, stereotypes. But at least there is a data basis before the assertion. Host our guest is paul taylor, author of the next america boomers, millennials, and the looming generational showdown. A lot of information in this. Thanks for being with us. We will take a short time out and then we will talk to larry sabato of the university of Virginia Center for politics. He is the director there. The topic will be the history of the thirdparty. Thoughtswill get your on last nights democratic debates in flint, michigan, including the one, what was said, and what it means to the future of the campaign. We will be right back. Our students camp competition was one of the competedet as students for 100,000 in prizes. They answer the question what issues do they most want the candidates to discuss during the 2016 campaign . Economy,told us the equality, education, and immigration were the top issues. Be sure to join us when we announce the grand prize runner, first plate up winners, and Fan Favorites from the public. Www. Cspan. Org. During campaign 2016, cspan takes you on the road to the follow the as we candidates on cspan, cspan , and cspan. Org. Tonight, on the communicators, we will examine the 1996 Telecommunications Act. Ith two of its authors with Edward Markey and jack fields. They will discuss whether the act is outdated and should be rewritten. Words like google, who lou, and youtube, were part of the culture today but they were impossible to be created before the act. We got a lot right. Nothing is perfect. One thing that we did do is we moved not only our own country but the world from analog to digital. Our goal was to take away the lines of demarcation that prevented competition. By unleashing a Competitive Forces it created the investment needed to bring us to this world today. Tonight at 8 p. M. Eastern, on cspan2. [applause] cycle we aretion reminded of how important it is for the citizenry to be informed. There are a lot of fans of cspan on the hill. They will say i saw you on cspan. There is so much more that cspan does to make sure that people outside the beltway know what is going on inside of it. Washington journal continues. Talk joining us next to about the history of independent and thirdparty candidates, larry sabato, the director for the Center Politics at the university of virginia and crystalf the sabato ball. Larry, good morning. Guest good morning. Host so, with the talk of Michael Bloomberg potentially jumping into the president ial race, its brought up the issue of third party and independent candidates. But this is not new. Talk a little bit about the perfect climate and how things might be different than past runs. Im not sure they will be different than past independent runs in the end. We dont know for sure that there will be any beyond the usual third parties, such as the Libertarian Party, which will probably be on all 50 ballots. The reason people are becauseing clearly is of the trump phenomenon on the republican side. If donald trump the republican nomination and is the favorite were not there yet but if he gets the nomination, you are going to have a lot of institutional opposition to him on the republican side. Mitt romney is i think just the tip of the iceberg. So, its entirely possible to you will have some Establishment Republicans and big donors sponsoring a ticket, maybe you call it the real republican. Icket you try to get it on as many state ballots as possible. Maybe you get it on 50, maybe you get it on 45 or whatever. What does it do . Composed ofuld be republican figures who are well respected and likely at the end of their careers and willing to take a lot of abuse and know that they wont be running for anything else because they certainly wont win the election. That they would attract millions of republicans who might not be able to for one reason or another back donald trump. Those votes, they will ensure that the democratic nominee wins the president ial election. There is a secondary effect that will be important to republicans. Lets say that the ticket wins 7 million or 10 million votes. Those votes are probably transferable in large part. In the case of the senate, of course, its a highly competitive battle. The senate can go either way because of the seats that are up and competitive. Those could be critical if republicans are to maintain control of the senate. Thats what republicans would get out of it. You mentioned bloomberg. Lets talk about one other possibility there. Its marked in the elections in november. A lot of things can happen between now and then. I have no idea what he will end up doing. If you force me to guess, i would say that he would not run simply because there really is not a path to victory for him. Anyway that he can accumulate that many electoral votes. I could see him getting a lot of votes. They would come from all over the place, but disproportionately it would hurt the democratic nominee, but i dont think thats what he wants to do given his record on gun control and lots of other things. This could go in a million different ways. It will be interesting and exciting. The campaign so far has broken every rule that i know of in terms of third party and independent candidates. We want to bring our viewers into this conversation. If you want to come in and talk about independent candidates, call host you talked about some of the reasons that Michael Bloomberg may or may not get into this race. 2008 about his concern, lets take a look at that. [video clip] its been twisted out of any semblance. The declaration of war authorities done with. Its been shrunk to an invisible level. The claws of eminent domain, there are no limits in the government on that. Other than what the executive decided to be. The bill of rights has been violated seriously. Talk about the kinds of issues that independent candidates we have seen in recent history, what drove them to that decision . Lyrical guest they feel the republican candidate may not be sufficiently conservative. Some are on the left, like mr. Nader. They believe the democratic candidate is insufficiently local. Then there are centrist. Ross perot was essentially a centrist when he ran in 1992 and ran less successfully in 1996. John anderson was a centrist when he ran in the great Reagan Carter president ial contest of that year. Then you have the libertarian to have a different philosophy, a bridge philosophy including some republican and democratic components. Are very different. Lets take ralph nader as an example. Back in 2000 he ran as candidate for president. Thats not much in the context of candidates who have an impact on races. If you think back to Teddy Roosevelt, he got 28 of the vote, incredibly, in 1912 when he broke with the Republican Party and ran as a bull moose candidate. That 2. 7 that he got actually had as great an impact, you could argue, as the 28 . Roosevelt essentially elected Woodrow Wilson president. He got about 47 of the november wrote vote. Anduse president Taft Roosevelt split most of the additional 60 , Woodrow Wilson got a massive Electoral College landslide. What happened in 2000 . I have to be careful here, ive artie got a long letter from him over the years. Its a good letter, i dont need another one. Had al gore appealed more fully, better to liberal voters, the votes for ralph. Ader wouldnt have been there you could make a strong case that had ralph nader not been on the ballot, al gore would certainly have carried florida in the election. 537 votes separated george w. Bush from alrge w gore. I believe its pretty clear that al gore would have carried New Hampshire as well. Because of the split on the democratic side. Those electoral votes in New Hampshire would have been elected president. Even a small but minor independent candidate, if the votes are distributed in a certain way, can influence the results of an election, totally turn the election on its head. You have to look at every thirdparty candidate and independent candidate seriously. Look at where they will be drawing from, disproportionately. How it affects the candidates. It is all part of an interesting calculus that reduces precedents. Guest host ok, we are talking live the next america boomers, millennials, and the looming generational showdown ok, we are talking with larry sabato. Gary, you are on with larry. Caller yes, thank you for taking my call. The real problem is that the democrats and the republicans have run people out of their party. There is no place for the people to go. I have tried being both. It doesnt work. Gore is no place for them to because both of the Political Parties are working against the populace of the country. Making deals with each other but doesnt benefit anybody maybe big business or the stock exchange. Or just like in the constitution, like nader said, they done away with the constitution, the patriot act. Ok, lets give larry sabado a chance to talk about that issue. How much does that drive an independent candidacy . The gentleman is certainly correct, a lot of people feel the way that he does. I dont know his exact orlosophy, left, right, middle, but for a lot of reasons a lot of voters may feel they dont fit the democratic or Republican Party. I can understand that. In our system when there is a demand, there is generally a supply. So, if that feeling is broad enough and enough people are expressing it, you will end up with a candidate who is more or less where you or your fellow citizens may be. In argue that you get involved earlier in the process. Republican17 candidates for president. There was one of everything in there. There were five democrats. Yes, to survived, with only publicans left, but the two different. Re quite they have different orientations and philosophies. Most of it is the same. But the way they come at problems is quite different. The same is clearly true for the republicans. You could not have candidates more different than donald trump. If you get involved early, you can influence the selection of the nominees. Find a candidate in these large candidate fields that come close to your views on some things. The democraticn line, mike, from tampa, florida. You are on with larry sabato. Caller good morning. Seems to me that the republicans and democrats have these ways of keeping independents out and stopping them from airing their views. Seems to me that smart people would realize that and that they have started to kind of make , either republican or democrat, but in name only. I mentioned donald trump on the republican side. Bernie sanders on the democratic side. My point is that if you boil it , they areenough coopting their party and airing their view on the ballots to get in the face. A party that welcomes independents will be more successful than most. Thank you. Guest thats an interesting point. I think it is in the partys interest to attract and incorporate as many as they can. We have had national committees, the parties are basically state oriented, local oriented. Lets take the state parties. Some do a better job than others in incorporating independents. Some allow them to vote in their primaries, encouraging them to come in because they are thinking about the general election. If they can get them to come in and participate in their party caucuses,rimaries are whatever they may be, they have a decent chance of holding one in the fall. There are others that are much more exclusive. They insist that only registered republicans or democrats participate in their primaries or caucuses. I understand why. They dont want people from the other party invading their contest or trying to pick the weaker or weakest candidate to go on the ballot. I must say the research in that area suggests that it really is a very small percentage of the majority ofvast primaries and caucuses that come from the other side with that kind of motive. So, it depends on the orientation of the party and what the party wants to do. I think that its better that the parties that want to win elections, there are an amazing number of people i have found that dont really care about winning that much anymore. If they want to win to incorporate the independents. If they are more concerned with purity, they will keep them out as well as members of the other party. Host we are talking about independent and thirdparty. Andidacies with larry sabato candidates whof may not identify with their party, such as donald trump in Bernie Sanders, there is a piece from over the weekend in the Washington Post, talking about how it access in the difficulties that many candidates face. It says that if you are a nomineeic or republican your party will appear on the ballot in all 50 states, but if you are an independent candidate you must get it on through 51 separate signature drives requiring the collection of millions of signatures. A complicated process that can cost millions of dollars. Talk about the Ballot Access a little bit, please. There is no question that the two major parties that control 99 of the seats from the 7000 seats in the 50 state verylatures have made it easy for their parties to qualify. Are some ways that they can fall off the ballot if they consistently get a low percentage of the vote, but by and large they are automatically on the ballot. Can imagine that the people who are democrats and republicans in the state legislatures dont have a lot in common anymore in terms of issues. They do have one thing in common. To keep the pie divided into. 4, five, or six. In some states its not that difficult. , collect ag fee certain number of signatures. Other states make it very difficult, either with a large filing fee or many other signatures, thousands and thousands of signatures. Out my own state of virginia, thats one of the most restrictive. This is an instructive example. 2012 the rules were complicated enough with money and effort, two of the republican candidates qualified. Mitt romney and ron paul. They were the only two on the ballot. There were many other candidates. Of course, candidate supporters were furious. So, they cut the number of signatures in half. I forget the exact number required now. Its a few thousand. They also require several hundred from each of virginias congressional districts. There are other rules. States have the right and the power to arrange these requirements. Some do it more effectively than others. So, that is the tradition there. It may be good or bad but it is certainly difficult for a candidate to get the nomination of a major party with automatic a la access. Rather than to jump through all the soups and spend all this money to get on the ballot as a third party or independent candidate, they have relatively little chance of winning. Improving sigil Civic Education in the political process, our next caller is on the republican line. Patricia . For taking myyou call. I love cspan and i love catching larry on whatever network use on. I voted republican at the reagan reelection and 84. Year im hoping that trump doesnt get the republican nomination. And if he does, im hoping that Bernie Sanders gets the democrat. I will be voting democrat for the first time in my life. However, if clinton gets the democratic nomination, i would be open to voting independent. Im not the only republican feeling this way. Larry, how much of an appetite do you anticipate for like patricia to base their desire for independence on an the results of the primaries . And by then, will it be too late for an independent candidate to jump in . Guest no, it will be too late. An independent can get on a fair number of state ballot, even in the summer. It may be too late for all 50, thats quite a task. A solid majority . Someone will be able to get on. Particularly a strong supporter big donors, like Michael Bloomberg, who has billions himself. I dont think that that will be the problem. S lady that has a lot of that just called from texas has a lot of colleagues out there. Its pretty clear the republicans will be split to some extent. I want to remind people that its early march and a lot is going to change between now and july, when the two major Party Conventions are held, and certainly by november. So, its impossible to say happen. Y what will i think that its likely that you will have some significant portion of the Republican Party happy. Whether it is donald trump or one of the other candidates. Installthey are able to the romney or someone else. You will have a fair amount of the party to satisfy. If they are dissatisfied, will they become satisfied enough by november because to support the nominee the Party Nominee or will they decide that their rum their nominee is so that they either need to support the democratic nominee or an independent. Now, there may be some sanders supporters to balance that, some sanders supporters if he doesnt get the democratic nomination. And he is not favored to get it. Hise may be some of supporters that decide that they will vote for an independent. Maybe a liberal independent on the ballot. Someone more so than Hillary Clinton. So, this will go both ways. Host maryland, you are on with larry sabato of the university of virginia. Caller hello, larry. Hello, larry. Thank you so much for having me. Guest hello. Caller hi. Im in all over this whole process. I dont understand why the gop is basically completing political suicide by even toying with the idea of other candidates, such as mitt romney. That is why so many people are flocking to possible independent parties. It is just such an outrage. The big travesty in all of this is that there are two strong front runners, yet that is not good enough for the establishment. Opinion about why they are trying to do this to themselves . Thats a very good question. Why is that . Well, they are on a principle basis, not just in terms of power, they are simply totally opposed to donald trump. I dont know how to put it any other way. They dont like them, they dont agree with him, they dont think. Es a real conservative they dont know what he really stands for because he has changed positions on a number of issues, which can be common in politics. It is a feeling that is so intense and fundamental it rules out for many of them a way forward, a path forward towards supporting donald trump. Or so they say in march, you know . Eople can turn on a dime politicians practice that daily. For sure whether thats going to happen in the end, but thats what they say, both privately and publicly. Some of the practical republicans are simply afraid loses thed trump election. They are relying on polling being done now im sure its representative there are so many polls that have been taken im sure its somewhat representative of the Public Opinion as it exists now but again, polls are not predictive. You cannot say that this Public Opinion that shows trump losing to both clinton and sanders in many key states, you cannot say for sure that that would be true in november. But they are afraid it will be. There are people with special personal power interest to our running for president. Or they wish they were running for president. Or they run before and as the old saying goes, the only group the only cure for license is a pine box, six feet under. Host talk about the brokered convention on the republican side. How difficult would that be to happen . What would it what would it entail, exactly . Guest a lot of people do call a brokered call for a brokered convention. Like many others, i object to that because i dont think there are any brokers. In 1948 the republicans got thomas dewey for the second time at a brokered convention. That was a brokered convention. You could even make the argument that both partys conventions in were brokered. Eisenhower over taft from ohio, democratically nominated Adlai Stevenson over a host of potential Democratic Candidates. But we dont have brokers anymore. Our parties are run not by party primaries, by caucuses, and millions and millions of voters. The more cynical would say that that is just window dressing. We dont control anything. In the vast majority of cases, you in fact install the Party Nominees whether the leaders like it or not. This is a very unusual case. On the republican side this year it is a close call as to whether 1237d trump can accumulate delegates, the majority needed to be nominated, or if he will fall short of that. I dont think any candidate has a way to get to that. But we may actually have a convention that opens without a candidate having the magic number. So, maneuvering on the convention floor, maneuvering outside the convention in the corridors of power, maneuvering in the Campaign Headquarters with the real brokers who are the candidates and their staff and Campaign Managers the it is akers contested convention. Now, i still i still doubt 51 of me doubts that this is a contested convention. On the morning. Heres a substantial piece of me that has come to believe that its possible, amazingly. We talk about it every four years and it never happens, but it just might this year. I still would not bet on it. Or if id bet, i would bet my pocket change and no more than that. Host all right, democratic line, lee seek lisa, louisville, kentucky, you are on with larry sabato of the university of virginia. And thank you, cspan, for taking my call. I think the republicans are forcing donald trump out to try to run as an independent. In my opinion, if he does, you will take a lot of votes with him. But i kind of think it will in short the democrats a win. Believe me, i dont want it to be hillary, shes not an honest broker. A lot of us democrats have moved over to Bernie Sanders. He is the true independent in the race. As you have been discussing all morning how the system is set up, its very hard to get on every ballot. Do you think that this does assure the democrats a win . May i have your opinion on that . Thank you. Its a very good question. What im fascinated in with the question and several others as you can see the calculations individual voters are making in this complicated race. They are thinking about all the candidates and trying to figure thewhich ones will help other ones or which ones will hurt the other ones and how the final combination will produce a result and i think thats a good thing. Voters are considering all the alternatives. I think that shes basically right. I have a hard time believing trumpou could have donald as the republican nominee on a real republican ticket and then a democratic candidate, Hillary Clinton or Bernie Sanders, and somehow have one of the two republicans winning. The demographic changes in the United States have been moving as more towards the Democratic Candidates for president anyway. So, they have got a major advantage there. Republicant the voting in any significant way, it seems to me that its likely to produce a democratic victory. Now, its also true if donald trump is denied the nomination. And then he or a surrogate decides to go and run as an independent. Again, if you split the core vote, you will wind up in all likelihood with a democratic candidate. Again, we dont know all the circumstances and we dont know ort scandals will arise where the economy is in the fall, where the president s Approval Rating will be. All of these things will matter. I think that her analysis for early march is about as accurate as you could get. Host ross perot talked a little bit in 1992 about the impact that his race would have in his concession speech. The impact that his run would have an the campaign. Clip] ross perot millions of you came together to take your country back. [cheers and applause] washington a laserlike message to listen to the people. Cheers and applause] you have done an incredible job of getting this country turned back around to the type of country that our founders established, a country that came from the people. You have changed in this country through your efforts. I compliment you for it. In the end even though ross perot had upwards of 40 in his polling, he didnt win a single state. What impact do you think that he had in that race . What impact might an independent have in the current race . Republicans tend to think that ross perot denied george h. W. Bush a second term. Look, he had a role in it in the sense that he came in in february of 92, when people were unhappy with bush but had not cut their tie with him. They have not yet attach themselves to the democratic candidate. He had cut that time for a lot of republicans and independents who got alienated from president bush seniors administration. Vote was9 of the extraordinary. I miss fascinated today with his i was back in 1992. It was so extraordinary. For him to get 19 , second only to Teddy Roosevelt in the modern , for someone who is running for office, it wasnt that widely known. The main test the name may have been known, but he wasnt known when he first decided to run. The best studies show that bill clinton still would have won. If ross perot had not been in the vote in the race he would have gotten the majority. I believe that that research is accurate. There is an important point here. Leaving aside the fascination we all have a ross perot, you can get a large percentage of the folk today and not win a single state. At stake. Win 1980, john anderson, he didnt win a single state. 7 . Didnt carry a single precinct, including his own precinct, illinois. 1948, running as a dixiecrat, he got several, yet he got a significant number of electoral votes because the 3 was concentrated in a few southern states. George wallace, 1968. He got 46 electoral votes. He came very close to throwing the election into the house of representatives. Been disastrous for the country if that had happened. Today i think it is much more likely that you will have the raw role model then you are going to have the Teddy Roosevelt model. A candidate can get a fair percentage of the vote with no electorals. Host this comes to us from twitter is the Libertarian Party the most Viable Third Party close vote . Party . They arehere guest very wellestablished. They are stronger than some others. They have a very strong appeal states. Of the western places like alaska, which are very independent by nature. States, in some places they are stronger than others. They are established but have never been able to make that breakthrough. In some state races they had managed to get a sizable digit ore, a single double digit lower, depending on the structure of the race. Partyare not two major candidates. Or maybe they are both and aged in one way or another. I would certainly call in a significant thirdparty. Not madeole they have a difference in president ial elections. At least that i can recall. I dont think that anyone would say they made a difference in the result. There may be some examples at the state level where they made the difference. Up next we have jane, from cincinnati, ohio, on the republican mine. Jane, you are on with larry sabato of the university of virginia. Jane, hello, this is ive never spoken to your seen you in my life. Or the lady sitting next to you either. I dont watch every morning, you know. Anyway, i have a 100 strong voter for donald trump. I have been ever since i saw him first and listened to everything that he had to say. Thats one point. There is not any of the 17 republicans that was running that i would have had anything to do with. There is not any one of the would have hadi anything to do with. I dont agree with what democrats are talking about at all. Extremely. I am not liberal minded enough. Host ok, lets get larry a chance to respond. Isst well, my only response that they somewhat she said theres a pretty good chance shes going to vote for donald trump. Thats all i can offer to you. What should we be looking out for three now in the end of the primary season to get a better idea of whether we might see an independent run . Guest well, on the republican side we want to see how far the contest goes. Is it that donald trump is going to win the key states of florida and ohio, defeating the people in the home state . On march the 15th . If he wins both of those, probably. This crazy year . Thatot going to say anything will definitely happen. If that happens, probably hes the nominee. If he loses both of those, its certainly not over. This will probably go through to the end of the primary season and in june. You go to the convention with that interregnum between the end of the primaries and the july convention, where the candidates will, iaign managers assume, try to work things out. Maybe work out a ticket as a way to produce the votes for somebody. Want to watch that. There are a lot of key points in this process. Six months from now, i think thatyear has reminded us every single contest matters. Every single day matters. Every issue with raised by the candidates can matter. They can. They all down, but they can, which is why we should watch them. Im looking at an awful lot of things on the republican side, because it is the most unsettled. On the democratic side Bernie Sanders has continued to do well , but not well enough to overtake Hillary Clinton unless Something Big happens. To otherg to leave people to speculate about what that something they could be. Think that Hillary Clinton is likely to be the democratic nominee. What we dont know is the shape that she will begin in july, if nominated at the democratic convention. Will she be sweeping into philadelphia or will she be lifting in . Limping in . I dont know and no one else does, either. Host ok. Larry sabato thank you for joining us. Who one last nights democratic debate . We will get to that. Tonight on the communicators, we will examine the 1996 Telecommunications Act with two of its chief authors. And democratic senator Edward Markey. The two will discuss where the act is out dated. Google and hulu and youtube are part of the culture thing. We got a lot to write, nothing is perfect. One thing we did do is move not only our own country but the world from analog to digital. And by unleashing the Competitive Forces it created the investment that was needed to bring us to the world today. Tonight at eight eastern on cspan two. It is important for citizens to be informed. A way to track the government as it happens. It is a great way for us to stay informed. Colleagues say i saw you on cspan. There is more to make sure they find the best way going on inside. Journal continues. Host who did you think one last night . Hillary clinton or Bernie Sanders . You can call in outside of the u. S. You can call in biggest issues last night was the economy and things like trade and the auto bailout. Senator sanders secretary clinton supported everyone of these disastrous trade agreements, written by Corporate America. Nafta supported by the secretary costs us 800,000 jobs nationwide, tens of thousands of jobs in the midwest. I was on a picket line in the early 1990s against nafta. A phd inot need economics to understand that American Workers should not be forced to compete against people for . 25. The reason i was one of the first and not one of the last to be in opposition is that American Workers should not be against people in vietnam today. What we have to do is tell Corporate America that they cannot continue to shut down. They are going to start having it if im in president. Invest in this country, not in china. In january 2009, voted forelect obama the bailout. Had toey was there and be released in order to save the American Auto industry and 4 million jobs. We just had the best year the Auto Industry has had in a long time. I voted to save the Auto Industry. He voted against the money that ended up saving the Auto Industry. I think that is a pretty big difference. If you are talking about the somestreet ale out, where of your friends destroyed this talking. Excuse me, im Hillary Clinton if you are going to talk, tell the holes for. Senator sanders your story is trade for every disasters agreement. Did i vote against the wall street bailout when billionaires destroyed this economy . They went to congress and said we will be good boys, bail us out. You know what i said . I said let the billionaires themselves bailout wall street. That was one of the exchanges last night between Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders. We want to get your thoughts on the debate, who won. We have sharon from kingston illinois. Who do you think one last night . Caller Bernie Sanders, because he seems to be worrying about the Little People. There is just so much space and time. I think both people, they were , theys in a rich world are in a rich world. They have always been in a rich world for a long time. I think they should have not used the flint people as a spectacle. Whenuestion that got me is the lady asked about the sick kids, how can we ever trust our government again . You cant, there is no way. This is not as much of an emphasis as what is going on there. I think the president should still be talking about it. Nobody is interviewing those beple, nobody seems to helping them. Anytime i see someone complaining it is not a race thing. And moree get more mad, there are plenty of white poor people everywhere. Im poor, doesnt mean im racist. The government screws poor people. She should they will fly off to wherever they are going tomorrow and all those people are going to be suffering. Where i live they are not too concerned about it, the governor should be in jail, they should both have not hesitated. There are people suffering. That is all i want to say. Packed frome have alabama. Are you there on our independent line . Ok, up next we have hovered from blue island illinois. What could you think about last nights debate . i thought it was enlightening to a point. Bernie sanders reminds me of is a bully up there and i dont appreciate too much. Hillary clinton has been fighting for the Little People since i was a teenager. I didnt even know Bernie Sanders that much until the last few years. Call host were you talking about his tone last night or message . Host were you talking about his tone or message . Caller i dont really appreciate his tone. You dont have to be rude to other people to get your point across. You start telling people be quiet, im talking, i dont like that too much. Hillary has done a lot of things for a lot of people. Not only here in the u. S. But in the world. Far as the governor in michigan, he should be in jail. They knew what was going on. Why would you appoint people to take the base of the legally of legally elected officials in the state of michigan . Host there was a lot written about that today, including in the Washington Post. Including Bernie Sanders shutting down Hillary Clinton repeatedly. On theo back to our line republican line. We have jackie from Saint Petersburg florida. What did you think about the style of senator sanders . Caller personally i dont think either one of them one. I think if either one of them we putting the people in the United States it is unfortunate we have such lousy candidates this year. Nobody knows what is going on economically in the United States and around the world with anyone of those three. Host is there anything you saw last night that is going to affect how you vote this year . Caller no, i already voted. Host next we have tom from little rock california. What did you think about the debates last night . last night i couldnt believe what i saw with hillary. What i cant believe is first of all how the media is for training hillary. Hillary is under indictment with 150 f ei agents. For the media, especially anderson cooper, he could not get hillary to shut up. I dont mean to use such words. Host lets take another look at the debate last night. Clip of an exchange between senator sanders and senator clinton on guns. Lets take look at that. Bernie sanders if you go into a gun store and legally purchase a gun and you go out and start killing people, is the point of the lawsuit to hold the manufacturers of that gun liable . If that is the point i have to tell you i disagree. You hold people in terms of this liability thing, where you hold manufacturers liability. Arehey understand they selling guns into an area that is getting into the hands of criminals, of course they should be held liable. But if they are selling a solidt to a person product a person who buys this legally, you are talking about ending gunman you factoring in america. Hillary clinton that is not what happens, and i think it is important for people to because of the proliferation of guns, because of the epidemic of gun violence, of cityre a group states and other concerned people who in the late 90s and early 2000s were working on legal theories that they thought would force gunmakers to do more to make guns safer. Last thing we want is to have can only shoot with your fingerprints, or to have such strong safety locks that they may not be sellable. The nra went to the congress and the head of the nra said this is the most important nra legislation in more than 20 years. They basically went to the congress. No other industry in america has absolute immunity. [applause] host going back to our lines. Up next we have julie from ohio. What did you think about the debate . [no audio] caller i feel it was different than the puck than the republican debate. All about race created so many race questions. Bernie sanders says when you are not white, you dont know what it is like to be living in a ghetto. You dont know what it is like to be living poor. That is a terrible statement i have ever heard in my entire life. We all deserve an apology for what he said. What you saw last night, is that going to affect how you are voting this year . Caller yes, because hillary the secondd guns and amendment is going to be totally gone. If you go back and look at the 2005, and what the gut makers did on the federal law, it says gunmakers cannot be sued. Sandy hook is suing the sandy hook people they cant be sued. In 2005, theyw havent where they cannot be sued. The gun didnt walk itself up and shoot kids. Issues Mental Health that need to be addressed. Up next we have sam from our independent line. Whod he you think one last nights debate . Caller i think hillary one. That has become a pattern. Im ultimately a pretty supportive. They look a problem beyond economic dimensions, which i agree with them. Not in the context of sheer economics, ratio problem. Bernie is the wrong messenger for the right message, in my opinion. Host up next we have harold from new jersey. Caller the American People won that debate. We are outraged at the 19 billion dollars debt. We are also outraged of the irs scandal. The full force of the government was used to prevent romney from having a fair election. We are outraged. He waspresident going to have the best and most everything was like a big secret. The American People are outraged and rightly so. Comes donald trump and he finally says what we all feel. I dont see how he can be stopped. He is not as perfect as st. Thomas. My opinion is each day as we get better and we get worse, nobody stays the same. I applaud donald trump. For our country, obviously. Host that was harold on our republican line. Areas the Democratic Candidates are over last night was education. Lets take a look at last nights debate. Clinton i would reinstate a program we have during in the 90s. A lot of communities cannot do that on their own. I would use every legal means at my disposal to try to force the to returnnd the state the schools to the people of detroit and end emergency management. I believe if you look at the data, the situation has only gotten worse with these Emergency Managers that put us further in debt. I want to set up inside the department of education, kind of an education swat team. Maybe folks who are retired, may be folks who are active, but all of those willing to come and help. To be able to get teachers in the classroom. I also would look at how we could through the federal Government Support more teachers. We are going to have a Teacher Shortage in some of the hardest to teach districts. Host dorothy, which one do you think won the debate last night . Up the next we have charles from leesburg, florida. Who do you think won on the debate stage last night . Collar i thought bernie won the debate on almost every issue. The one thing i found wasicularly interesting where these companies, these large corporations are spinning off and creating small businesses. And then the government subsidizing them and sending the corporations overseas. Host what you saw last night in the debate, is that affecting your vote in any way when the florida primary rolls around . Caller if bernie wins the democrats im going to vote for bernie. If hillary wins im going to vote for trump. Host up next we have elizabeth from flint michigan, the debate was in your hometown, what did you think . Caller i thought it was a good debate. When Governor Snyder was running for governor, he declared he was , he was atician businessman. Trump declares hes not a politician and hes a businessman, and just look at what is going on in the city of flint michigan. As far as the meeting went last somebody said earlier that bernie was very rude to hillary when she kept interrupting him and he told her more or less to be quiet, let him talk. I didnt think bernie was rude at all. I am really starting to like this old man, maybe because im an older person. There is so much going on in michigan. Host can i ask you about that. There has been some criticism that flint, michigan was used as a prop as opposed to addressing the issues. Did you feel that way . Caller yes. Another thing that really bothers me, when hillary says shes going to do this i used to like her end, i still do i guess. When she says she was going to do that for the city of flint, it was old mr. George bush that started nafta, then bill clinton signed it in. Look what happened to the flint and detroit. Ever since nafta, when gm started to move in and out of down. Flint started going i have two son inlaws. Back in the 60s i worked for buick, General Motors. There is nothing in flint now. Employers is walmart. Host we have connie from fort myers florida. What do you think about last nights debate . Caller i had to turn it off. Obviously the romance is over. When they tell each other to be quiet or shut up or whatever, that is a strategy. It was ridiculous. Hillary is in the hispanic community, she turns hispanic. Will the will the real up . Arys please stand host frank is calling from newtown, pennsylvania. Caller i think sanders have one thing the debate hands down. Blacks have been with the establishment for all the time democrats have been in office. Promising lack People Better school, more money for cities, they just have that. Our we will move on to democratic line. What did you think about last nights debate . Caller i enjoyed it because it was a debate compared to the other side. Hey talked about issues what i did like about hillary, she said it was important that the Automobile Industry continued to be working properly. Is one of the most important issues that people would be able to continue working. The health care, she would improve on it. Change. Nt be a sudden take the obamacare and change it to Free Health Care for all. The revolution that bernie is talking about, those things cannot take place because our system is not set up for that. But it iss are great, not going to happen anytime soon. For him to talk about revolution , if you look at egypt they had a revolution. Look at egypt now. People hollering and screaming. And now they are under a dictatorship with the military. Revolution is a wonderful word, but it is not happening anytime with our system. Host we have david from indiana. What did you think about the debate . Caller i cant stand hillary because she lies all the time. Thats what happened with benghazi. A greatbernie would be president , and if he goes up against trump he will beat trump in the end. If Bernie Sanders does win will you vote for him over the republican nominee . Caller yes, if trump wins the nomination for president we are moving to the philippines, because my wife his filipino and i cant wait and i cant stand trump. Mark, what did you think about the debate last night . Caller somewhat interesting. I cant believe the Democratic Party could come up with party couldnt come up with to better candidates to run for the democratic presidency. , heone thing Bernie Sanders cant get none of his things to go through like Free Health Care, make wall street pay for it. If he actually tried to push for a livable wage of 15 per hour, that will bankrupt every taco bell is. Will be back tomorrow morning at 7 00 a. M. Have a good day. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2015] michigan primary is tomorrow with 140 77 delegates are at stake. 2 00 2 30rts at p. M. Eas a

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