Transcripts For CSPAN Washington Journal 20151112

You can also tweet us at our handle there or go to facebook atm cspan or send us email washington journal. Let me show you what you research has put together about the minimumts about wage. They say adjusted for inflation, the federal minimum wage peak in 1968 at 8. 54. Since it was last raised in 2009 to the current 7. 25 per hour, the federal minimum has lost about 8. 1 of its purchasing power to inflation. The 3 million hourly workers who were at or below the federal minimum wage in 2014 for ages 16 to 24. The district plus of columbia, nearly two dozen cities and counties have set their own higher minimums above that 7. 25. About 20. 6 Million People are of are near minimum wage. The fifth fact, the restaurant and Food Service Industry is the single biggest employer of near minimum wage workers. Take a listen to what donald trump had to say about the minimum wage and whether or not it should be increased at tuesday nights debate. Are toorump our taxes high, i have a tax plan that many people like for a much. A tremendous plan, i think it will make our country and economy very dynamic. Too high, wages are too high, we will not be able to compete against the world. I hate to say it, but we have to leave it the way it is. Out and worko go really hard and have to get into that upper stratum. We cannot do that if we are going to compete with the rest of the world. We just cant do it. I would not raise the minimum. Host donald trump at tuesday nights debate rejecting the idea of the increase. Mike in cary, North Carolina. What do you think . I come at this from a fiscal conservative point of view. I think the minimum wage should be left to states and local municipalities because its not the aggregate amount of the wage that really counts, its what the purchasing power is. It is a lot more expensive to live in new york or los angeles or washington, d. C. Than it is in many rural areas. A National Minimum wage makes no sense from an economic is this point of view. Alsoitutionally it is questionable. What right does the federal government have to mandate any employer to pay any wage to any employee . People that ashe you said in your data that work admin on wage jobs are fast food. Minimum wage jobs are fast food i work automation and computers and software. If you want to see the future of fast food workers, i dont want to say this to belittle them, they work hard but they are in a dead end job and need to retasked themselves. Or a chilisheetz and see the tablets. Workers like that will go the way of tellers. They need to retasked themselves, learn welding, machinist, plumbing, electronics, something. I wouldnt be wasting my time protesting for a higher wage, i would be retraining myself. Host minimum wage is 7. 25 at the federal level. Retools someone themselves, get an education when they are making that much . Thats good question, all i know is my experience and the people in my family and friends. I worked a minimum wage mostly through high school. I was a bus boy and worked in food service. I was a landscaper, i mowed lawns, painted houses, back in my day minimum wage was 2. 25. I worked my way out of that. When i moved to colorado, i continued to take lowwage jobs while i went to Community College and work my way into the university of colorado and gotten engineering and economics degree. I dont know how it will work for everybody else, you cannot have a blanket policy. It does boil down to what donald trump said. Be a bombastic you know what but it is based upon hard has in an industry that advancement for growth and where it will lead you to a future that you can support your family and at least try to obtain a middleclass life. We all know that minimum wage jobs like fast food or in a car wash or wherever whenever designed or intended to be career jobs that provided 401 k plans. They were pitstops and steppingstones on your way as you got your education, advance your skills. If not you how to show up, punch or timecard, and be it showed you how to show up, punch your timecard, and be a worker. Mike, as you are talking, we were showing our viewers the percentage of hourly workers at or below 7. 25. In North Carolina, thats 5 of the population. Ofs is the theater 2. 5 workforce 32. 5 affected. 1. 33 million workers in the state of North Carolina who would be affected. Catherine in new hampshire, high, youre on the air. What should the minimum wage be . Caller i have two short comments. One on minimum wage and one on outsourcing. Coming and good people will be handing out free turkeys to those in need. In addition to a once a year please call, email, text your u. S. Representative and ask that the minimum wage immediately be raised to 15 per hour. Then people in need could buy there on thanks giving turkeys and by stoves, gas, electricity to cook. My second comment is if u. S. Companies manufactured goods in Foreign Companies countries using cheap labor to increase their profits and bring these kids back to the u. S. To sell, with these companies be considered traitors . My dictionary states a traitor is somebody who betrays his or her country. Not a betrayal . Harmful causing the loss of american jobs and the middle class. Our Supreme Court ruled that companies are people, but companies cannot be jailed. If a u. S. Company outsources its manufacturing, betraying american citizens, that company should not get to sell its product in the United States. Host you are an independent in new hampshire, what was your reaction when you heard donald trump and the other candidates tuesday night say no to raising the wage . Caller i didnt listen to her applicants. Host what is your reaction . Caller i think it is absolutely wrong, terrible. Not everybody has the ability to upgrade skills. That does not mean that they cannot have a living wage and a decent life. Host hi, youre on the air. Good morning. Democrat line . Move on to arthur in fayetteville, North Carolina. Hi arthur. What are your thoughts . Caller id like to say thanks for allowing me to express my First Amendment freedom of because i am very silent when it comes to speaking on politics. Minimum wage should be set a bit toher depending on, i want say, not at six dollars or seven dollars, a little bit where it can reach over the poverty median. With living and housing, just for an individual to be accepted for them being able to live inside of an apartment. Having anas far as us income. It depends on how that company is established. If they dont have the capital to back them, the employees,. Host what do you do for a living . Caller im on Social Security, i got hurt. I was assaulted by two men in aberdeen, North Carolina. I had to deal with being on Social Security and disability at this time. Host is that a living wage . Caller it doesnt qualify for me to be accepted as far as any living, its not enough. Its only 780. I have to be below the poverty line. Trying to find a job and getting qualified for that, unless i have a partner, then its kind of a hardship. Host North Carolina there, we are talking about minimum wage. Heldight for 15 campaign protests across the country. Fast food, home care, protesting, asking that the federal government raise the minimum wage. Governments, local governments, raise it to 15 an hour. The new york governor, c uomo said he would raise it to 15 for state workers. Bernie sanders, the independent from for mont who is running for the democratic nomination was on capitol hill and join the protests. Heres what he had to say. Bernie sanders what you are doing and workers all over the United States are doing, you are having a profound impact. You are seeing in los angeles, and san francisco, people raising the minimum wage to 15 an hour. You know who did that . You know who started it . You did. You started that movement. You should be very proud. Of what you have accomplished, now we have to finish the job. 15 and a union. Host david and washington, d. C. , a democrat. What do you think . Caller i was calling mostly to mike what the color name ca ller named mike said. Working 2. 50 an hour minimum wage, that was a while ago. He said he was an economics major engineering major. But when he was getting two dollars 50 cents an hour, the dollar was worth a different amount. Changing the minimum wage with inflation, its like a nobrainer. Not doing it makes it a debating political point every few years when it gets undervalued. It obviously needs to be raised, it doesnt reflect debate buying power at all. Of what are making half you would need to be at the poverty line, my question for mike and all the other people like him is if you have to work two jobs just to make the same money that those guys were making back when minimum wage was 2. 50 an hour, where will you find time to do schooling and anything . A nine hour day at work, come home, go to classes, make yourself better, then move on with your life. Like he did. Thats all i have to say. Host let me show this graph. This is the federal minimum wage in 1938 22014. To 2014. The green bar is adjusted for inflation. If the minimum wage had been adjusted for inflation back in 1970, it would be about eight dollars an hour. You can see how it has gone down when adjusted for inflation over the years, leading to where it is now at 7. 25. Timothy n wilson, North Carolina. An independent. Caller good morning, thank you for taking my call. Im exploding wire it should be raised if you give me a little while. I will try to be brief i will explain why it should be raised. We have one fourth of the worlds money. This is the biggest market, the market were Companies Get really rich. I will give you an example. In new york, if you go to a store down the street, you will pay really high taxes because you are in a great market were you can make a lot of money. Just like if you get a yellow cab. Thats why you pay that higher wage. Pay arica, they should higher wage and higher taxes. , you can get rich easily off of it. We have all of these people coming from overseas, they come here and hardly pay any taxes. And the no taxes government has to subsidize these people, give them food stamps, subsidized housing. Up costing us but in a market this great, everybody should be able to pay a minimum wage. If they cant, it will be some of the else that will come in and take up that business and do it. Its ridiculous that the government democrats cannot make this argument to people and they come back and say we will lose jobs, no. When a market is great, somebody will pick up the slack. They will come in and pay people the wage they need to be paid. Host let me show you and others with dr. Ben carson had to say at the debate has he made that argument. You raise the minimum wage, you will lose jobs. Dr. Ben carson people need to be educated on the minimum wage. They time we raise it, number of jobless people increases. Particularly a problem in the black community. Of black percent teenagers have a job. Or are looking for one. Thats because of those high wages. If you lower those wages, that comes down. I can remember as a youngster, my first job working in a laboratory as a lab assistant. , i would notr jobs of gotten those of somebody had offered to pay me a lot of money but what i gained is a tremendous amount of experience and how to operate in the world and relate to different people and become a responsible individual. Thats what gave me what i needed to ascend the letter of opportunity. How do we allow people to ascend the ladder of opportunity . How do we give them everything and keep them independent . [applause] just to be clear, you would not raise it . It carson i would not raise specifically because i am interested in making sure people are able to enter the job market and take advantage of opportunities. Host would you raise the minimum wage . That was the first question to the republican candidates tuesday night in their debate. That is because on tuesday across the country, there were protesters calling for an immediate increase of 15 per hour. In the fight for 15 campaign. Massachusetts tweeted this out, raising the minimum wage would directly benefit 62 million American Workers across the country. I stand with the fight for 15. Kristin gillibrand from new york said nobody should be living in poverty working fulltime. Saying the need is overdue, but give working families respectable wages. Inlary clinton weighing saying fast food, home care, child care workers, your advocacy is changing our country for the better. The Huffington Post with the headline after that saying Hillary Clinton show support for the fight for 15 campaign. We turn to you this morning, what a your thoughts . What you think . What should the memo wage be . At mom i would take them wage, may be between eight dollars and leave it there minimum wage may be between eight dollars and nine dollars and leave it there. I worked so very hard to get where i am today. Without complaining. I lived within my means. If they raise it to 15 per hour, Small Businesses will close. They cant pay those wages. If you are working fulltime admin on wage at seven dollars 25, you are not going to get benefits, and there is a 15, you wont get benefits. It will will deeper in a deficit. Between eight dollars and nine dollars would be fair. 15 is absolutely not. There is amination, lot of companies out there that if you intern with them whether minimum wage or higher, once you complete college and work for them, they will pay off your tuition. Take student loans, work at night on the computer. There are courses online to better yourself. Host i want to make sure you hear this and others, political litifacts checked the claim by ben carson that every time the minimum wage was raised, jobs were lost. They called it false and said that we checked a similar claim made by ben carson in november 2014. We rated it mostly false after determining that during the 12 months following each of the 11 minimum wage increases since net gainf produced a in jobs and half produced a net loss. Sameuldnt rely on the data since carson referred to a growth and jobs while he preferred to an increase in joblessness. Those arent the same things as the bureau of labor statistics calculates both metrics. It seems about half the time there were losses and the other half jobs were gained. Hi beverly, a democrat, go ahead. Callingim really just about this guy named mike who said he worked with 2. 50 an hour. That was yesterday, this is today. In North Carolina, it is still 7. 25 an hour. So many years ago, compared to today, thats less than five dollars per hour increase from the 70s to 2015. We have to understand back in those days, milk was about . 50 a gallon. Child, you feed your , withlothing, etc. Minimum wages of 7. 25 . This guy also said, go to school. Does he know the cost of Education Today . Concerned,arson is he actually said you cant go anywhere with these high wages they are getting today. I dont know who hes talking about unless hes talking about the senators and congressmen. Nothing . A year to do for three days they come to work to do nothing. They have the nerve to talk a little guy who once an increase just to live. Americans can do better than this. Host diana in naples, florida, a democrat. Go ahead. Caller are you ready . Host were ready. Caller normally i would agree with the people that believe in this increase. Course, years of and years ago, i worked at the five and dime when i was 14. Trying to support, not support, but my father left my mother during the depression. But to get back to this, the first gentleman that called, i almost agree entirely. I believe we are now getting away from the jobs that were lost, benefits that were lost, all of those people, they are not counted in the poll anymore. These are the jobs we need and im getting sick of saying it. That will not be for us anymore in National World trade. I bought a refrigerator i was forced to buy because my other one broke. With this new appliance that i finally found out was assembled here but not made here. Another thing i bought, the same thing happened. You buy a war, they dont back it up. You buy a warranty, they dont back it up. Robotics carried all the appliances way back. Im talking about jobs. This is all these people, unemployed. This would help in almost every way and i wish, i want to sidestep to another thing but what is happening to medicare now that im going through this. Host i will leave it there and show you what the wall street journal columnist daniel 10 injured henninger had to say. He writes mr. Trumps bluecollar base is entering its eighth year of Barack Obamas economy. Saying wages are too high, if it doesnt sink am then he isnt going to fade from the primaries. He says the crack just get Hillary Clintons campaign its mitt romney moment. They would plaster the billionaires wages are too high across every tv market in the midwests battleground states. He is writing that this will not be over, no candidates will get out until cleveland. See you in cleveland, he says. Capturing the majority in cleveland see whyhard for me to are around of brokering in cleveland isnt the most likely outcome. The will see how that shakes out over the coming months. Let me show you the front pages of the papers. All dissecting tuesday nights republican debate. The New York Times this morning, gop fight is now a battle over what defines a conservative. From immigration and back Regulation Bank regulation, the issues that began tuesday night continued wednesday. It exposed a contentious dispute over what it means to be a conservative and offered a preview of the contours of battle for republicans and their nomination. The wall street journal says populism rises in the gop race. Candidates vying for the nomination have grown distinctly more leery of International Trade deals, banks, and hostile toward the federal reserve. Post,shington they say figures on Foreign Policy, the candidates are all over the map when it comes to Foreign Policy. Should the government intervene in situations like syria . Also the front page of the Washington Times this morning policies divide the gop candidates. John kasich, the ohio government, trumps plan is silly and exposes a divide in the party. The washington Editorial Board weighing in on what donald trump had to say about deporting Illegal Immigrants. They call it anything but humane. They say his plan is a disgraceful 1950s policy and say perhaps operation wet back which is what it was called under the eisenhower missed ration is disgraceful and treats migrants, a number of whom died, were forcefully relocated and deposited in the sweltering locations without food or water. It depicted undescribable scenes of human tragedy and suffering as they compared it to an 18 centuries slave ship. The me share this with you about the debate and fox business news, what it meant for them. ,mily steel reporting foxbusiness sets a record with viewers at 13. 5 million. The largest audience in its eight year history. They write the viewership for the network was less than previous debates in the race, but earlier debates on fox news and cnn drew more than 23 million viewers. Wednesday toalled pass along his congratulations and said he thought the debate was professional and intelligent. Despite its success, Fox Business Network trailed cnbc and had 75,000 total viewers from 6 00 a. M. Until 6 00 p. M. In the six weeks it ended. Compared with 196,000 for cnbc. What do you think . What should the minimum wage be . Bruce in florida, agood morning. Caller first thing i would like to say is the minimum wage should be raised to 15 an hour. Here is why. What you need to do and what i would like cspan2 do, get somebody to look at the food stamp program, look at the Welfare Program and figure out how many people would come off of those 2 programs is the minimum wage was raised to 15 an hour. And one last thing before i go. I think everybody missed what ben carson said during the debate. He said black people cannot get a job because wages are too high. How ridiculous. I would like for everybody to start asking the republicans when they are going to Start Building the wall on the northern border. Host before we go down the immigration road, lets go to bob in kentucky, independent. Caller thank you for taking my call. I believe it should be 15 an hour. I believe with i agree with the other man. Everybody who gets 15 an hour would not be able to get welfare. The amount of money the government saves on welfare, they could give a tax break to the ones that have to pay 15 an hour. That is a winwin situation. Host florida, democrat, good morning. Caller good morning. The man talking about two dollars an hour, i made that 25 or 30 years ago. I am a master mechanic. When i left georgia 20 years ago i was making 50 an hour. I come to the republican state of florida and the highestpaid mechanic down here makes 12 an hour. They are still charging 100 an hour labor. And the Republican Party is the one that is keeping the people down. Everyone should be paid a fair wage. Masterhour for a mechanic is not a fair wage. Thank you. Host a lot of you referencing mike from cary, North Carolina, our first phone call. He said something about automation, if fast food workers want to see where jobs are heading, he should look at restaurants have gone to automated tellers. Thats an argument marco rubio made at tuesday nights debate as well. Take a listen. [video clip] every country in the world has rich people. What makes America Special is that we have millions of people that are not rich that through hard work are able to be successful. The problem is today people are not successful working hard because the economy is not providing jobs that pay enough. If i thought minimum wage was the best way to increase pay, i would be all for it. In the 21st century, it is a disaster. If you raise the minimum wage, you make people more expensive than a machine. Automation replacement jobs is only going to be accelerated. Makes the best way, america the best place in the world to start a business or expand a business, tax reform and regulatory reform. Bring our debt under control. Utilize our Energy Resources so we can reinvigorate manufacturing. And replace a and make Higher Education faster and easier to access, especially vocational training. I do not know why we have stigmatized vocational education. Welders make more money than philosophers. We need more welders and less philosophers. [cheers and applause] if we do this, we will be able to increase wages for millions and make everyone better off without making anyone worse off. Host asking you what the minimum wage should be. What do you think . Caller i think it should be higher than 15 an hour. Host why is that . Job creators, as they call them, i worked in georgia and i made 50 an hour, that was 50 of the labor, it was 100 an hour. Down here, flat rate labor is 125 an hour but they do not pay 15 , they pay 12 an hour. It is the republican right to work state that does that. Thank you. Host ok. Let me show you this headline from forbes responding to, reacting to the debate about. Elders versus philosophers sorry, rubio, philosophers make 78 more than welders. Llonnie in texas, independent. Caller good morning. The article i was reading a while back about subsidies to the fast Food Industry. Research by the university of illinois and the university of berkeley documents that , let mes pay about 243 look at my computer, 243 billion thendirect subsidies to fast Food Industry because they pay wages so low that taxpayers billion to put3 up benefits. It sounds like the walmart thing where they pay just enough where they qualify for subsidies. Host where are you reading that . Caller it was an article, the Huffington Post put it out. They have a list of different, university of illinois and uc berkeley did the research on that in that particular article. Helen in california, republicans. What should the minimum wage be . Caller i live in the los angeles metropolitan area. You can raise the minimum wage to 25 or 30 an hour, the issue out here, as with most metropolises, is the cost of housing. Recent nobel at a laureate in economics, his name is angus deaton,who won an award for his study of poverty and consumption. Heres, this is what i pulled from. I am not an economist. If you give someone 15 and hour and it is a single person, that person can compete more in the marketplace and buy more. If you give that same 15 minimum wage to a person who is supporting a family of three, they have to compete with the other person. Their poverty kind of slipped down a little bit more. They are paying a little bit,. 2 more because that is what the. Market will bear in a competitive market system. In los angeles, the cost of housing is what is the issue of poverty. For people to have even a roof over their head in a place that is over 100 years old, they are paying 1500 a month. Hour, are making 15 an it still puts you in poverty. That is my comment. I dont know why none of these politicians do not address the issue of housing. I read the book by elizabeth warren, the two income track. What she wrote was when women start entering the workforce and two incomes came to the is what the that cost of housing trouble. Seems as though the american populace is being downed by real estate, real estate developers, landlord and so on. Thank you. Host helen in california. A lot has been made over dr. Ben carsons personal story, the vetting of that. Hillary clinton repeated a claim that she tried to join the marines. The Washington Post did a check on this. At first glance, the story does not add up for the reasons that maureen dowd has calculated. We noted, the post did locate friends who recalled she had thed to join the marines, circumstances are fuzzy. Clinton suggests she decided to join the marines as part of a country. Rve the it makes more sense that she made the effort as part of a deliberate effort to test the boundaries available to women. As cars and can addressed as carson can attest, memories can get hazy. So far, we do not have any documented proof to call the incident into question, such as supposedly landing under sniper fire in bosnia. This is a personal recollection that at least two friends they confirmed they had been told about. Pete in pennsylvania, democrat. Hi, pete, good morning. Go ahead. Caller i want to approach this as the owner of a fast food restaurant. I am retired now. I hope everybody realizes, just like lonnie was saying earlier about the subsidies. Whether it is restaurants or walmart or whatever, if you have someone earning the minimum wage, they are being subsidized by the government in the amount of somewhere between 6360 400 in benefits 6300 6400 in benefits. That might be housing or food stamps or whatever. Nobody can live on the minimum wage. As far as advancing and working your way up to be the owner, i i started, i mean, out at minimum wage 50 years ago. As far as doing that, it is a lot harder to do today. Everything costs more, including education. Weis a question of whether are all in this together like we used to be as opposed to now, it is everybody for themselves. Was veryintenance cheap back then. It came with every job. But now that is not the case today. At u have to do is look Something Like a bell curve for the population. You are always going to have the high achievers, you are going to have the people and the middle. Have a lot going to of people in the bottom 1520 percent who worked their hearts out, they go to church, they are good citizens, but they are never going to get much above their abilities, they are not going to carry them any further than that. As a country, are we going to subsidize this with food stamps and housing and so on . Or are we going to put the burden where it belongs, the companies. This means that obviously the price of whatever is produced, whether it is a sandwich or whether it is a television, is going to go up a lot. We have to accept that. Quit calling these People Welfare cheats and bums, they can be working a couple for 7080 hours a week just to stay alive and keep their kids in high school and feed them. Host ok. Pete in pennsylvania. Let me show you what the near minimum wage workers, what they do for a living. Fives from pew research, facts about the minimum wage. Employ the most new minimum workers, restaurants and food services, almost 4 million. Grocery stores, department and discount stores, construction, elementary and second area schools. Commonhat, the most occupations of those earning minimum wage or near minimum wage. Cashiers, retail sales, cooks, waiters and waitresses, janitors and building cleaners. What should the minimum wage be . A few minutes left in i want to share the story breaking overnight. It is about the fight against isis. The kurds, backed by the u. S. Air power, have opened an offensive against isis. This is a way to curtail the movement of fighters and fuel and weapons that is taking place between syria and iraq. With the kurds and the backing of u. S. Air power, this has gotten underway on thursday today in iraq. That is a story that will be developing. There is also this in the papers , and the New York Times, about the university of missouri. Black students at the university of missouri see a campus riven by race. , on wednesday after threats to black students were posted on a social media site, Police Arrested hunter park, a white 19yearold who posted threats about 90 miles from here. Some classes were canceled and many students decided to stay away from campus. Anotherolice at college, northwest Missouri State university, arrested a white student on charges of making threats against black students on social media. Many are asking is this a trend or is this an exaggeration of what is happening at College Campuses . There is this from the financial times, john kerry warning that the climate deal that will be brokered will not be legally binding. The countriesl will be gathering in paris later at the end of this month to talk about Climate Change. This will not be legally binding. President obama heading to the g 20 meeting in turkey on sunday and monday. There is this following veterans day yesterday, the front page of the v. A. Pans out bonuses in amid the scandals, 142 million is out despite problems with care. Bill in pennsylvania, republican. Back to our conversation, what do you think about the minimum wage . Caller these people that are all emotional about how much a person should get, how much the minimum wage should be, they are just not thinking it out. They are not using their heads. Government, what gives the government the right to tell a private business what they should pay their employees . Whole thing is absurd. How did we get to the point where we give the government this power. They can put them out of business. Why should anybody be in business if they cannot tell their employees, if they cannot pay their employees or decide what their employees, what they should pay their employees . They need employees. They are going to have to get them no matter what. They are going to have to pay them in order to attract them. Paying 15 else is an hour for what they are doing, they are going to have to pay it. Let the market do it. Government take over everybodys Small Business. They say they are for Small Business and what are they going to do when they tell them they have to pay 50 an hour forcibly flipping hamburgers at mcdonalds . That is absurd. Thats what i have to say. Bill in pennsylvania, a republican. We are going to take a short break. When we come back we are going to turn our attention to immigration. We will talk to sulma arias from the center for Community Change action to react to the legal setbacks for president obamas executive action on immigration and later, tom ridge, former Home Security secretary, well talk about threats facing the homeland, from cyberattacks to isis. We will be right back. All persons having business between the Supreme Court of the United States are admonished to give their attention. My fellow americans, tonight, our country faces a grave danger. We are faced by the possibility at midnight tonight, the Steel Industry will be shut down. Actions tonight. First, im directing the secretary of congress to take possession of the steel mills and keep them operating. In 1952, the u. S. Was involved in a military conflict with north korea. At home, a dispute between the Steel Industry and its unions had come to a head. The korean war was a hot war and they needed steel for munitions, tanks, jeeps. For all of those things you needed in the Second World War as well. If the Steel Industry went on a strike, that was going to be a problem. It was basic to the things and army and navy and air force need to fight a war. To avoid a disruption of Steel Production closer crucial to the military, president harry truman seized control of the mills. A strike was called off and production continued. The steel companies, led by the youngstown sheet and tube company in ohio, disagreed with the action and took the loss it to the Supreme Court. We examine how the court ruled in the case of youngstown sheet and tube Company Versus sawyer and the impact of president ial powers. Joining our discussion, michael professor at the university of North Carolina law school and author of power of president. William howell, Political Science professor at the university of chicago and author of the wartime president. The next landmark cases. Live monday at nine a clock p. M. Eastern on cspan, to spent3 cspan3, and cspan radio. Or your copy of the landmark cases companion book for 8. 95 plus shipping at cspan. Org cases. Washington journal continues. Host our topic this morning, immigration. Our guest is sulma arias, the Immigration Campaign manager for the center for Community Change action. Here to talk about this headline from the Washington Post. President obama looks for help from the high court after two courts rejected his orders on immigration. Talk about, lets your group, the center for Community Change action. What is your group, what are you trying to do . Guest the center for Community Change Action Action runs a campaign called firm, Immigration Reform movement he did it going on for 15 years. It encompasses 44 organizations across the country, grassroots organizations that have been fighting for comprehensive Immigration Reform for 11 million immigrants. Host what is the role you are playing in campaign 2016 . The role we are playing in 2016 is to mobilize our community to understand and continue to push and fight for our families to Stay Together. That has not changed from where we started 16 years ago. Show whatnt to donald trump had to say about Immigration Laws tuesday night. [video clip] mr. Trump i was so happy yesterday when i saw the decision come down. That was an unbelievable decision. [applause] we do not have enough of those decisions coming down. To listen to him, including the democrats, he goes around signing the executive order. That was a great day and frankly we have to stop illegal immigration. It is hurting us economically and it is hurting us from every standpoint. It is causing difficulty with respect to drugs and what that does to many of our inner cities in particular. Anreally was such unbelievable moment. The courts have not been rolling in our favor. It was a 21 decision. It was a terrific thing that that happened. I will tell you, we are a country of laws. We need borders. We will have a wall, the wall built, the wall will be successful. If you think while do not work, ask israel. The wall works, properly done. Host sulma arias, what do you make of what you heard from donald trump . For millions and of others, i think it is just a reminder of how ridiculous his policies are. Community itr my is a direct racist attack. Even though we know it is ridiculous, we also, we are directly the target of his racist attacks day after day. I think our community is being galvanized. There is frustration, there is anger. Theres the indignation towards him personally but also towards an entire party that refuses to step up and name it for what it is. Host galvanized in what way . What is your production . What will happen . Guest what will happen is that communities directly affected and is not directly affected, every immigrant in this country is paying attention to that. Theree energy that is out to say this is about us and our families, when you attack us directly, when you bring back, when your idea for fixing the system and fixing the problems that we are facing as families is to go back to one of the most horrible laws in this country and one of the most horrible events that has happened and that is your solution immediately the thought, we have to protect our families. What does that mean . That means getting out to vote. That means educating our communities and our neighborhoods and our schools and our churches about what this is. And getting others, people have pledged to get at least 10 others to vote individually. So that is how people are being galvanized. Host what was the hispanic vote in 2012 . What do you think it will be in 2016 . Guest in 2012, the polls showed it, the guy who was running on deportation lost. So, there you have it. There is even more of us now. There are kids who are turning 18 by the thousands and by the millions. Those kids are listening and they are paying attention. Rhetoric hast 2012, iworse than predict he will lose again in 2016. Viewers, before we get to calls, what president obama did by executive order. What is at the heart of the case . Guest after a long fight to try and win copperheads of Immigration Reform in congress and after congress not acting, the president finally issued an executive order. And his executive action would allow 5 million families to be able to Stay Together to get a work permit and to be able to live without fear in this country. And it happened almost a year ago. At thisall hoping that point after many years that would give us some relief. Host what did the courts decide and what does this mean, do you think . Guest the court gave us a no decision, which means they are upholding the injunction for it not to take effect. Very, for those people who would have been in the room, i am just back from our summit in nevada, when the decision came out and we announced it, 400 people in the room got of an d chanted yes we can. Why . Because we predicted it was going to be a no. Lately, we understood what was happening in the courts. We understand that they were delaying it and we wanted a decision so we could have an opportunity at the Supreme Court. When we had the decision, we were happy. Host you are happy it is going to go to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court is going to decide, as we get close to the 2016 election, the court is going to be deciding. Movement ofis a hope and the families, we did not come here because we are not helpful people. It has taken us a long way to get here. Border, coming to the but the last 15 years. There is hope. The community that i represent is a community of hope, strength, resilience and that is what we will continue to take. Host lets take a look at what pew put together about the 2012 election results. Obama, 71 of the vote, mitt romney, 27 of the vote. Florida, richard is independent. Good morning. Go ahead. Caller good morning. Being in the country is a disaster for our economy and a lot of other things, the school system, law enforcement, blah blah. Thats not that long ago mexico had its military deployed to its southern border. They had a shoot to kill policy. Then they realized that they could charge cash and money to these people coming across the border and then they allow them to come through and go all the way to the u. S. F you remember, Hurricane Sandy and all the damage it did to the east coast. The contractors were having a convention here not too long ago. And one of the things that came up was that 80 of the work to repair after Hurricane Sandy was done by illegals. The topic before was minimum wage. The minimum wage actually Means Nothing when they can bring a legal workers into the country and pay them a lot less. So it destroys our economy, it destroys our culture. We need to build a wall. We need to do whatever it takes to stop this. This is crazy. There is no other country in the world that would allow this to happen. Host all right. Sulma. Guest i would have to respectfully disagree with richard and many points. I think the immigrants of today are not different than the immigrants that have come to this country years before. And history shows that immigrants have built this country. And will continue to build this economy. I am a testament to that myself. So are millions of others that i meet every day. Guest do you care to share your story . Guest im an immigrant from el salvador. I came here when i was 12 years old. Host legally, illegally, how did your parents come . Guest i came as a child by myself. The issue of children coming in recently is very, is one that really touches a cord. I came out of a country in war. I did cross the border. With no documents at the age of 12. I continue to be incredibly amazed by the values of this country. I think somewhere in this fight, we will be reminded of that. Stopped bysed,i was ice, Homeland Security. I was 12 years old, i was heavily questioned. And interrogated, i had no family back in my country. My sisters and my family were here. Er i talked to the officer, he told me i will give you 10 seconds to cross and disappear. And i hope that you join your family. And i hope that you have a good life. That is my story. Im amazed by people. We find the people who understand and who see themselves in every immigrant in this country that is here to work and make a better life. There are people who see themselves and remember that this has been happening for years. Host how were you able to make the journey at 12 . Why was your family here and you were there . Guest my family was here because we continued to migrate. The way that our families migrate, one in the family might come to raise enough money to send for the others. My sisters came, eventually one, 2 sisters here, they sent for i was accompanied by someone who they paid to bring me. Somewhere along the crescent, we got separated. Along the crossing, we got separated. Host how was the journey . Guest very rigorous, very tiring. Not only 12 and alone, i had my niece and nephew who were 4 and 5. I remember being exhausted and i remember crossing and it was a car waiting for me on the other side. I went to the back seat and went to seat and to sleep and did not wake up until i was in houston. Host do you remember how much your family had to pay . Guest it is 35 years now but some were like 10,000 15,000 with three children. Years ago, 10,000 15,000. Fort lauderdale, 40, republican. Upler i would like to speak for my people and south 40. I am a legal immigrant. My parents came here it was not easy, they had to apply, they had to wait. We came here and struggled for years for us to be here. My fatherinlaw the same, he came from italy. He came by himself, just like you are saying. He saved the money and went through two years before he could bring his family here. Now we are here and we have been here. This is a nation of laws. The people coming from other countries may not be coming where law is followed. We follow the law here. Youve been living on our taxpayer money. A child was kicked out of Public School classroom from first grade and put into because they do not have enough room so they had to share first grade in kindergarten. Why . Because of the kids who are here illegally. I need to stop this. Immigrant. L i dont think im going to vote for trump, but i am telling you, this has to be controlled. Comingt appreciate you on the air and acting like it is ok what you did. Why is it right for you when my parents followed the rules . Host lets talk about that. That is a division that you see even within the hispanic community. Those that came legally and those that came illegally. Guest there are many reasons why people come to my story is only one. It is a story of survival and it is a story of every human being on the planet, if they found themselves back home with no work, no way to feed your family, the irish did it, the italians did it. Whether you are able to do so in , especially under Economic Conditions where, back in our countries, you need to be wealthy to apply for a visa. Many people that are here and the ones that are without status came with a visa but many did not. Many cannot afford to do that. We have a broken immigration system that needs to be fixed. I agree with the caller, it needs to be fixed somewhere people can come. That is what weve been trying to do for 15 years but congress has failed to act and that is why we need to fix it. Host we have a fourth line for Illegal Immigrants, 2027488003. Whatou a citizen today and was the process like . Guest i am a citizen today. I became a citizen in the middle of 2000. I became a citizen eventually amnesty where86 my family applied and i was able to regulate my status after that. Host we will hear from milwaukee, wisconsin, whose spouse is an illegal immigrant. Caller hi, yes, my husband is an illegal immigrant. What trump is trying to do is not right. I do not go for trump, i do not like trump. I dont think it is right that he is going to go and knock on everyones door that is illegal and try to ship them back to mexico. A lot of mexicans come here to work for their family. Mexico is poor. They do not have jobs there. They do not have medicine there. They do not have good doctors there. Were to have jobs there and has homes there and good forle and have people and has money there and pay for jobs, then mexicans would not come here. That is not the case. My husband comes here because his mom is sick. We have to support his mom and his family back at home. Host sulma arias . I agree. Like i said earlier, when a lot of people do not understand is some of the policies that have been created in the United States by our own congress that have cost families in mexico especially to be without work. Nothing that they can do to provide for their families. Being said, every human on this planet will fight and do whatever they can to feed their family and make sure their family gets ahead. We have done it for hundreds of years and will continue to do it. It is human survival. It is love and wanting to do what is best for your family to move forward. Ive heard this from the most conservative republicans. They would do whatever it takes to move their family forward and that is what we are doing. Host what are some of the policies congress has enacted that hurts families . Guest nafta is one of them, especially in places like mexico. That wasoduct of a war in many cases a war that really destroyed, killed over 80,000 people. Did things that a child should not have to do to experience and see. Sometimes we forget small pieces of history that then will have people knocking on our door after weve been to the country and practically destroyed. We tend to forget that side of history. Aboutwhat specifically nafta has impacted mexican, the mexico economy . Guest we have farmers in places ,nd mexico that cannot even before, they used to be able to farm and sell corn and make a living. That is impossible to do in mexico anymore. To live a simple life where you can live off of everything that you planted, like a farmer, you cannot do that. There are places in mexico that have to ship corn from here because the worth of the labor and the families made a living has no value anymore. Host we go to miami, nicole is an illegal immigrant. Youre on the air. Caller good morning. Im also a product of, my parents came to the u. S. And brought me at the age of five. Ive been here for over 20 years. I am under the deferred act. In 2017, the one that expires, i will be in limbo again. My parents became citizens yesterday. They are ok now but i am in limbo. I dont know what will be of my future after 2017. Go to been, i want to school and im going to school but when this expires, i will not be able to get any financial aid. I still do not have financially. I have to take one class at a time. It has been a struggle. Really hope that something does come about. As my family and many other students are in the same of 2017, at the end we will be in the window again. Host you were brought here by your parents as a child . Guest correct. Host yesterday they were able to get citizenship . Guest yes. One of my brothers was born here. So when he turned 21, he was and theyetition them were able to get there papers and whatnot. Yesterday, they became citizens. Born inse, since i was columbia, they came on a visa. I was able to qualify under the dream act. Like i said, in 2017, i will be in limbo. Guest sulma arias, explain what shes talking about, what is happening in 2017 . Guest is the deferred action that she applied for that was also a product of president obamas orders, one of his executive orders. It allowed those that were socalled dreamers, the children who have grown up in the united andes, came as children graduated from a United States Public School, to have deferred action. That meant they could work, have a permit to work and stay here and get a drivers license and go to school and live without fear. And so that is, will be expiring as well. Stories like nicoles every single day. We have millions of brilliant contribute to the and has been the product of a few years of what deferred action has done for them, it is incredible. Nothing negative about that, anybody can see what an amazing move that was. There nothing negative about that program. Paul is in california, democrat, illegally. Are you with us . Paul. E last call for let me move on. Chris in pennsylvania. Republican. Go ahead. Caller good morning, cspan. I just wish we could stop painting this as an issue of race. It is not an issue of race, it is an issue of loss. Of laws. If there were other countries and walking distance of mexico, they would be going there if they had the same opportunities. Countries are countries because of their borders. You cannot just have millions of people coming across the border ourake advantage of freedoms. That has to be done legally. Here has to be a process i cannot imagine any other country tolerating what we have tolerated. Thank you. Host sulma arias, what are your thoughts . Guest it is very easy to say that this is not an issue of race when youre not the one being attacked. I have three daughters who were born here. One is 21, and 16. A large part of the reason why i do this job is because, for the rest of their lives, they are probably going to have to, because of the color of their skin and their last name, there are things if they get stopped by a police officer, are they illegal . That is in everybodys mind. It is easy to say that this is not about race. When you are not of our race and you do not have to deal with the things that we have to deal with on a daily basis. Host you are the Immigration Campaign manager for the center for Community Change action. What is your job . What are you trying to do on a statebystate basis . To make sure that the 44 states that are part of our movement continued to move in the direction where we are constantly reminding, not just the president and those who oppose our families being together, that we are here, that we contribute, that we continue to make this country great. We do that in many different ways, getting involved physically is one of getting involved pacific late ally is involved civic one of those ways. In the 2016 election, we are reminded every day. We are on the side of what is right. And so are 70 of americans who agree that we should move forward with a comprehensive fix to the problem. Host is the Ohio Governor john kasich on your side . Guest he seems to be. Positive, the things he said. Said contradictory when he , he says nice things on this dapaand yet hes against and the executive order. It is contradictory to say we will fix this when we get to the white house, yet congress has not done anything for years. The executive action could potentially help 5 million families and they are against it. It does not make any sense. Host elizabeth, new jersey, isaac, democrat. To know ould like is this ladys point of view that any immigrant that reaches american soil should be allowed to stay . My point of view is that tobody who has, who comes this country should be able to be given some kind of opportunity, yes. I think our laws need to reflect the needs of the country and right now they do not. Host on twitter, there are no the illegalsl all do with a work visa. There is not enough opportunity here. Guest i disagree. There is a tremendous workforce that gets up every morning and goes to work here in virginia and maryland. Our people, and we want them to come because there are jobs. There are jobs that they can do. The idea that there are no jobs, sometimes it is just an idea that lives in our minds. People get up to work every day. Host california, larry, democrat. Caller good morning. I served 20 years in the u. S. Marine corps. In summer 2001, i protected 9 11. George bush let it happen. He left the border open. Pdf tax breaks to people like donald trump and they brought the people here. The first marine that died in iraq was a guy that did not have papers,. Either. Oure guys will fight for country, unlike white americans who do not seem to want to be in the marine corps or military. There are a few but there are not a lot. How many people in america join the military . Ablenk you should not be to have a weapon unless you served six years in the army, the marine corps, or special forces. Host a lot of different topics. Willingness to serve and to be part of the United States, to contribute in many different ways. Again, i think, i completely agree. Home. E made this our we are here, we contribute. This is our home. This is where our family is. Said,he earlier caller what a lot of people do not understand is that most of our families are mixed status families. Just the next status, these are kids who grew up here. Ande kids go to the marines to the navy and play in our football and basketball games. Part of the american fabric. You came here when you were 12 years old from el salvador. Were your parents here or were salvador . In el what was it like once you arrived here, until you received citizenship in 1986, what was it you in that status . Guest it is just like it is for millions of my people now. My mother died when i was six. I had no parents in el salvador nor here. In the middleace of nowhere in wichita, kansas. I spoke no word of english when i came. Had completed fifth grade and i was thrown into a seventhgrade class. I just had to learn very quickly and i did, within a year. Classes and i moved on to high school. It was hard, when i graduated from high school, i had no, i still had no documentation so i cannot apply for college. I had to enroll and pay myself for Community College and make my way up. I could not go to college until i was an adult. It was hard. I had to see your out how to work and do what other kids my age were doing without having the proper documentation. I understand what it is like living in fear every day. Richard, virginia, independent. Welcome. You. R thank that the overall problem with immigration, there are three basic causes and they are all internal. No one wants to discuss them are mentioned them. They are tied to money and so forth. Look at the catholic church. When senator kennedy and two cardinals from new york and boston worked in 1965 to deflect the focus of immigration away from europe to latin america. The church needing to fill its pews. Corporations in america, the American Chamber of commerce promotes this. Cheap labor, that is another problem. And then the browning down of White Christian america, laid right at the base of the talmudic globalists. Three reasons and they are out in the open now. Congress, Pay Attention to what is going around you and do some work. Host ok, richard and reston, virginia. T, illegal in indiana. You are on their. Go ahead. Good morning, my question about a comment donald trump made. I dont think it is about only mexicans. I think it is about everybody, every immigrant. I am not surprised. The reason im not surprised, since republicans do not allow us to work, what do they tell you . They tell you stay and die with your children. That is the reason nobody is supposed to surprise. My other question, we have children who were born here. We have families, sisters and brothers, all goes, who are citizens. Everybody get their hands off. We are not the ones who are jealous, they are the ones who are jealous. The bible says everywhere you put your foot step is your heritage. We consider america as our heritage. , what do yourias think . Guest that is beautiful. I like that she said we are not the ones who reject the republicans. The republicans are the ones who reject us. That is incredibly powerful. Rellions of immigrants ae watching, my children are watching the hateful rhetoric a party thatg from instead of uniting to fix a problem that could be practically taken out of looked out from a humane and values driven point of view, are getting lost and divided in hate, just extreme rhetoric. Is going to end, continue to hurt. Host the Democratic Candidates have responded to the republicans tuesday night on immigration. Martin omalley, former maryland governor, is going to have dinner with the illegal immigrant family. Hillary clinton has been critical in Bernie Sanders as well. Is there any air between the three candidates when it comes to Immigration Law and policy . Ave all of them then been on your side . Guest we continue to be encouraged by what the three of them are saying. We do continue to pressure. Everything is in the details. During campaign mode, they can say beautiful things at it sounds great. When we actually sit down, what do you mean . Our movement has grown and has learned that it isnt the details where we get lost. Omalley has a very detailed plan. That is good. Nie has said he will act within the first 100 days of being president. Hillary has been the first to step out and say she would support the extension of dapa. It is encouraging but there is still work to do. Host you are not hearing enough specifics . Guest Martin Omalley has the most specific plan. Early. Till having done this for 15 years, our community is paying close attention. They are thinking critically. As we had them speak to us in nevada over the weekend, 400 families were sitting down. As senator Bernie Sanders was speaking, they were taking notes. It is not going to be the soft talk. We have learned our lesson and people are paying very close attention. The center for Community Change action is part of a larger Group Pushing to change , holding a laws summit in nevada over the weekend. Donna in michigan, republican. Good morning. Caller good morning. We are also immigrants. We came from eastern europe. It took us two years of living in another country in france before we could emigrate to america. We had to wait here for two years to get our paperwork. As well as after that if we had any kind of accident or anything to do with the police, we would be deported. We were also afraid if we did something or not. I would like to know, whatever it is you live, if i came through the back door and landed upstairs with my children in your home and said from now on this is my home and you should feed me and clothe me for the years. By the way, since i have kids here, we can bring their ends and grandparents and everybody else here. How would that feel . Host sulma arias . Were i am glad that you able to come through legal means and that there was a process for you. What i am looking for and what i fight for and so do millions of is for the same pathway for 11 million who do not have that right now. And through many circumstances. There are a few that are able to come from europe that have the access to be able to do it that the finances to do it that way. There are millions who cannot. Out of hope, survival, love, they will do whatever they have to, even if it means coming through the back door to provide for their families. There are 11 million of them right now. It is a problem that needs to be fixed. A pathway to citizenship needs to be put in place to fix it. Host what benefits are Illegal Immigrants getting from the federal government . They are living in the shadows. They are not asking for a drivers license because they could be deported. What benefits are they getting . Guest the benefit of being able to work and put food on a table and have shelter and the benefits of our kids being able to go to school, which is a constitutional benefit that is given to every person in this country. Peopleasic benefits that come here for. The ability to be able to go on the street and Walk Without Fear that you are going to be robbed or killed. So when you are in another of the border or three borders south of this country, you do not think i am going to go to the country and across three borders to get a drivers license or apply for benefits. That is not whats on your mind. What is on your mind is i am going there so i can live. So i can provide and have a better life. Nothing different than what immigrants have been doing for years. Host highland park, illinois, democrat. Caller good morning. I love latinos. Where we live in northern illinois, they make everything run. Roofs, restaurants, hard work on the roads, they are fantastic. Secondly, as long as i am on the think this whole issue of illegal immigration is a huge diversionary tactic of the republicans. The republicans brought us into illegal wars and have killed millions of people. They do not want to admit it. What they want i say let them stay here, let them work, they are making our country great. Host we will move on to abdul in woodbridge, virginia. What are your thoughts this morning . Ted cruz and the jobs, talking about illegals taking all the jobs. Thats very funny. Its only in america. If you follow employment in europe, you will see its only in america that you see somebody having two or three jobs and working all of them. For example in england, you are allowed to do just eight hours. Looking all around the world for people to take jobs here. Host youre breaking up there so i have to let you go but i think we are understanding his point. Did you hear what he was saying . Agree, its easy to do what trump is doing which is scapegoating. Maintaining this rhetoric so extreme andtes the keeps our focus on scapegoating on immigrants. We dont face the rest of the problems that we should be talking and thinking about. As long as we can scapegoat and blame everything on immigrants, we will so that we dont have to do anything about it. Aboutfor more information her group, go to Community Change. Org. Thank you very much for your time this morning. We will take a short break. When we come back we will talk with former Homeland Security secretary tom ridge. Later, the secretary for disease us tol head will join discuss the spike in food borne illnesses in the United States and what you need to know. Support you for your and the kids for just saying no. Thank you. Is that the women of the toure will feel truly free follow whatever paths their talents and natures leave them to. I think they thought that the ande house was so glamorous your role, what you did was so glamorous, your life was so glamorous. Parties saw where the and meeting people. You iow, i have to tell never worked harder in my life. Nancy reagan served as longtime political partner, ferocious protector, and ultimately as caretaker for president ronald reagan. With key staff decisions, policymaking, and campaigning. She made drug use or Signature Initiative with her just say no campaign. Nancy reagan this sunday night at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on cspans ,riginal series first ladies influence and image, examining the public and private lives of the women who fill the position of first lady and their influence on the presidency from Martha Washington to michelle obama, sunday at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on American History tv on cspan3. Two things are different. We have a Justice System that does not these trials were not held what we would consider modern law. , innocent acceptable until Proven Guilty had not yet been in place. There were no lawyers at the time. The courtroom is an extremely unruly place. , we also dont prosecute witchcraft today. Booke talks about her which is, salem 1692. The accusations and trials on the massachusetts community. The interesting part about the accusations especially in the way we think of salem is that wealthy merchants were accused, sea captains were accused as witches, homeless fiveyearold girls were accused to be witches. Wheres not an incident all the victims were female. We have five male victims including a minister. We didnt burn witches, we handed them. Hanged them. There is so much misunderstanding here that i thought was important to the spell. Sunday night at 8 00 p. M. Eastern and pacific. Washington journal continues. At our table, the former governor of pennsylvania, first comment security secretary tom ridge. Lets begin with tuesday nights gop debate. , aspapers are talking about the Washington Post says it, fissures on Foreign Policy. There was an argument between rand paul and marco rubio that showed you had one part of the party that doesnt want to get involved in a fight against isis. The other part of the party says the United States has to be a leader. Guest eileen on the side about leadership with both our friends and enemies without you there is an absence of leadership, really a vacuum over the past couple of years. I really think its important for the response ability of the government in addition to domestic policy to provide for common defense. Is a legitimate threat. It is not a counterinsurgency. They controlled territory. Iraq,terest in preserving we do have an interest. A bigger interest is destroying isil. The focus of this administration has been somewhat misplaced. There has been no leadership and there has been a drip of 12, 15 or 20 a day will not get the job done. Host why is it a threat to the homeland . It is the cause of instability in an important region. We also know they are developing capabilities that are exportable. Responsibilityr as a leader of the free world, thatook at what happened. The ideology, it has created problems for our friends and allies in western europe, it has created problems for friends and allies in that region. Im not saying we need to go it leader, ore worlds to put more boots on the ground, but i think the president has failed to lead a Stronger Coalition and to direct more aggressive airstrikes. He failed to direct an overall policy. Host he announced less than 50 special forces will be going to that area. The New York Times reporting early today that with u. S. Air force power backing them, the fors are leading the fight a strategic highway trying to cut off the weapons and soldiers trying to go from syria into iraq. Its interesting. The pentagon talking about some of these modest military efforts , i want to put something in comparison for your audience. 25 usingrobably 20 or the air force, that is 20 or 25 a day, Operation Desert Storm was 1200 and day. Its like water dripping on a stone. Americas airuse power and it had struck the leadership in the white house, i think we wouldnt see the reduction in support from our allies in the region. I did a quick study of the military capability of our friends in the region. Five or 6000 aircraft, five or 6000 tanks, a Million People in uniform, while they may not want to commit their troops, we have we have trained effectively, but the fact that we have failed to use air power in support of the locals, not just to cut off a road but to destroy their command and control systems, we know with a prepositioned supplies. Day,e doing 20 or 25 a desert storm we did 1200 today. A difference. You can degrade their capability, if the president wants to do that we are not going to with a few planes and announcing what we are going to do with the rest of the world. To be commencing our allies to be more supportive and include there are forcing capabilities. Host what about the risk of fostering more hatred toward the west . When you go in and go in with that force. Then the young men that are there, that hatred toward the west builds and multiplies across those countries. That i just dont think equates for me. The people in arab countries and that live in syria and iraq that have been subjugated and repressed, murdered, raped by understand what the United States, our allies, and some countries are trying to do. This group is evil. They are barbarians, medieval. I dont think we have to be worried about creating more recruits for them. Theyve done a pretty good job. Their ideology and mindset has appealed to people from around the globe, fortunately not that many. But i dont think we should be worried about our collective International Response to the scourge generating more support for evil. Deferred, i would not hesitate for one moment to be much more aggressive particularly when there are powers in that region that could destroy the screw. Host russia got more involved with their air power you have a bomb on the russian airliner. What they are thinking is that isis or an affiliate took credit. Guest a couple of thoughts i have about that. Upsetrld is just really about the potential implications for commercial air traffic. Else puts a of the time detonated explosive device perhaps in the cargo area. Everybody forgot about the Russian Missile that took down the malaysian airliner. The passengers in both were in a ense, whether they innocents. There is a certain contradiction here. We never held russia accountable. Their involvement in syria has been somewhat problematic because the group that is anti assad has been as much a subject of their military action because historically russia has been supporting assad. Say what you want about putin but he is machiavelli and, clever, tough. Think about this for a moment. A severn country and acquired territory. Verign territory and acquired power. Now he has inserted himself into the negotiations for a problem he created. We have been opposed to assad the we have not done anything to remove them. Against western and allied interest, and the interest of allies in that region. He is now inserted into the negotiating team. And rushed toe the scene to try and put it out. Veryy clever on his part, puytitinlike. Summit, Vladimir Putin will be there. Guest i dont think is any question about it, he is certainly demonstrating the atlantic deadline alliance of ours that used to be so strong, it appears to be at this point rather weak. There is no leadership. Nato underagine a previous buzz this president s, republican or democrat settling idly by while russia invades a sovereign country. The response from the United States is night vision goggles. I had a meeting with several state Department Officials and i to put ourt want boots on the ground, which is an interesting expression everybodys using. Int we at least send significant defensive capabilities, weapons, munitions, antitank and aircraft . Both state Department Officials said we dont want to be provocative. The United States is want to be provocative, we dont want to support an independent country that has been invaded by russia. It contributes to that sense globally at how weak we are and how limited our Foreign Policy is. Before we take calls, the risk of a bomb on a u. S. Airliner. Where would you rate that . What is the vulnerability . Guest since the day that i walked into the white house, it has been and always will be part of the threat stream the United States, tsa, our intelligence and military communities are dealing with. Takes a lot more stringent. I noticed jeh johnson based on this exchange convened a group of individuals that when into the department and will make adjustments, some visible and invisible dealing with security on International Flights coming in to the u. S. The two countries that have the most rigorous standards, it doesnt mean theyre perfect but i think rigorous safety and Security Standards regarding commercial airliners is the United States and israel. Host were talking with the , itt homeland secretary helps organizations detect security risks. We will go to missouri, a democrat. Youre up first. Caller thank you for this opportunity. Worke always admired your when you are our first secretary of Homeland Security. , regarding oure administration, abuse and policy therd iran, because of Iranian Regime supporting terrorism and my question is about the latest attack on the iranian. Cap liberty near iraq, they are protected persons under the geneva conventions. The United States has made a commitment to each other everyone of them in 2004 to protect their safety and security. An active or 29th there was a missile attack on camp liberty in iraq. 24 camp residents including one woman were killed and over 30 were wounded and injured. Agents are regimes responsible for the latest assault. My question is despite the condemnation by the secretary of ry, why dont ker they do anything else like of them air cover to protect them . Would be your advice to the administration . Thank you for your time. Guest if you dont mind a little background based on the back in 2003 and 2004, there was a group of almost 3000 iranian citizens had found shelter and protection in iraq. They had weapons to defend themselves and there was controversy that they were put on the terrorist watch list and taken off because they were supposedly put on for medical reasons. Reasons. Ical called saw this group the mek. When they surrender their weapons at our request, they were all given a letter from a United States general pledging that we would provide for their because theycurity were considered by us to be protected persons under the geneva conventions. The Iraqi Government said we will stand in the place of the United States and provide for your safety and security. Im not the only one that has been involved in this, this most incredible combination of political, military medic leaders who diplomatic leaders. Here we have these 3000 individuals. They have been moved from one place to another at our request. We intervened and some of us intervened on the behalf of this administration and state department to move to a place called cap ashcroft. During that time we were making very specific promises. Very specific promises by the United Nations and the u. S. Government in addition to the promises of the general demanded we provide for their security and protection. The most recent one was on the 29th, there have been previous camp,s that invaded the type peoples hands behind their back and shot them. They were murdered. Individualsinvolved that were iranian in nature. Mullahs detest this people. K has had many killed because of their pledge to a democratic, nonnuclear iran. This isose for all of to get them out of iraq and in harms way because of the United States. The reason i got involved is because i think our word should be our bond. The United States promised these people, now defenseless, if you do these things we will provide for your safety and security. That this shows administration was doing everything they could to curry favor with the mullahs. In order to get this nuclear deal done which i think will go down in history as one of the worst negotiated settlements of all time in geopolitics. You can invite me back in a couple of years and i might say i was wrong but i dont think so. Let me tell you the people that were involved, host you are accusing the administration of. Guest they made, says they couldnt keep. Host to curry favor . They left people vulnerable intentionally . Guest yes, theres no doubt in my mind. Or are people on the hill talking about that. These people are defenseless. We move them from point a to point b, on five different occasions they have been subjected to murderous action. All of a sudden, you take a look at the weapons they are using, they are iranian and it has to be somewhat complicit with the Iraqi Government. It just shows that they have more influence in iraq and we do. If the United States from a general signing the papers give it to everyone of these individuals, and i wont name the people in the state department but as we were negotiating, on the democratic side you had interested and committed people. Mandel, on the inside, Rudy Giuliani, yours truly on the republican side, Rudy Giuliani and yours truly. We promised we would relocate them and get them out as soon as possible. Five assaults later, dozens wedered, hundreds wounded, have not kept our promise and that is a great concern. America is its word and should keep it. I think it is americas ideal. This administration has not kept their word. Host you think this administration said we will let you attack them in order to get a nuclear deal . Guest i dont think they let them, it shows you how limited of influence we have in iraq. The failed policy of not being aggressive enough. Iraqis look to us for Financial Support and other reasons and we have not use that as leverage to thesee protection for individuals until such time as the u. N. And United States that had promised to relocate them would keep their promises. Whether or not they would end up being involved in the political promise and iran, that is down the road and for others to determine, particularly the iranian people. Our promise was to move these people out as quickly as possible and we failed to deliver. Whatever the engagement, there has been plenty of excuses. We were told the United States would have a permanent presence and monitor that. A short once in a while for an hour or two so again, distill it down to the least common denominator. When my country gives its word in any form to a group of people to provide for safety and protection, and we do not deliver on that, shame on us. Host we will move on to david in los angeles. Hi there, youre on the air. Caller i hope you dont cut me it is an insult to the intelligence of the American People that we keep bringing these people on from Homeland Security and the Bush Administration, talking about honorable principles, truth and what not. I think one of the biggest mistakes that president obama will be judged on is not bringing these people up on war crimes. The whole Bush Administration lied to take us to war. The mess we are dealing with is up there on making. They come on the air, like him and cheney, they are responsible for these lies they sold to us and these lies they have destroyed lives they had destroyed. Guest theres no way i can convince him that president bush and everybody around him based on intelligence they had at the time thought they were doing the right thing. This man obviously, theres nothing i could say to change this gentlemans mind. Him, i think with given Everything Else thats going on, respectful disagreement ought to be part of the dialogue. I respect your point of view but respectfully disagree. Host we are talking about threats to u. S. National security with tom ridge, former governor of pennsylvania and first caller the gentlemen that just spoke, he said something that was true but are you familiar with operation northwood . You familiar with the operation that the United States military was trying to do to cuba . Guest i guess im not. Caller you can go on the internet, there were topsecret papers that have been released by the United States playing on United States citizens and blaming it on cuba. When you got into office on 2000, president bush won a to find a way to get into iraq. You picked up that plan, you dusted it off, and saying our government believed that those people had something to do with our towers coming down, we went to war on a lie. Operation northwood, topsecret papers. Citizens of the United States can read that. They have been declassified. Planning to kill United States citizens and blaming it on cuba. The world does not trust us because those people have looked at the internet and read this paper. Operation northwood. Host we heard you. Guest i appreciate that. Based on your suggestion, i will look it up. I would tell you there are a lot of reasons the broader Global Community doubts our word, starting with the Iranian Community that we promised to protect. If you want to talk about our credibility at large, lets just go back and remind ourselves what transpired regarding our relationship with the solid a sod in syria. The president was encouraged by military and others to at least. Rm this was before the ugliness of isis appeared. This will always bothering from a principal point of view. When you use chemical weapons, america will respond in kind, there are a few things that bother me about that statement. Basically said to a sod assad. If you think about that statement, we dont care how you deal with your citizens and how many of kill or the means of their destruction and death. If you use chemical weapons, thats when the United States will get involved. 250,000 defenseless syrians are deceased. Hundreds of thousands more have moved out. They used chemical weapons and we did nothing. If you want to talk about americas credibility, i will plan thatlook at that you mentioned. Forcredibility is at risk many reasons, not the least of which is we have given our word on many occasions and committed ourselves to doing many things. When we had to keep that commitment we failed. In the geopolitical world of diplomacy, this interc onnected world, once they doubt your sincerity, they get leverage. Once they get that, they start moving around. Aggressiveyou see movement in the south china sea, thats why you see Vladimir Putin. America is nowhere on the national stage. Interested, u. S. Military wanted to provoke war with cuba in the 60s and americas top military leaders reportedly dropped a plan to kill and some people innocent people. That the plansay were described by a book called body of secrets by Investigative Reporter James Stanford about the history of americas largest spy agency. Ellen in ohio, a republican. An. Al caller did it say who the president was in 1960 . Whats your point . Guest president kennedy. Caller ok, democrat. I understand whats going on. Its been a long seven years, mr. Rich. I have a couple statements and one question. In 240 years of our country, thats about what it is, we had 9000 9 trillion in debt and now we are up to 18. 7 trillion . These illegals coming across the border, how big of a threat is that to our security and the last statement is the guy in california . Think about tomorrow. Yesterdays gone. In the redline, it turned yellow. Thank you. Guest that whole question of immigration, from an economic side and Security Point of view was raised a couple of times. I had a pretty good discussion during the president ial debate. I happen to believe this is a problem that has been festering for a long time. There is a solution there. The solution would deal with the economic and Security Side. I believe in giving credit where credit is due. Under this administration, there have been thousands or more, starting with president bush but now under president obama, thousands in customs and troll agents. Patrol agents. We need more resources and technology, i think the flow of people coming across the border has been reduced but i dont think we will solve that problem from either an economic or Security Side unless we come in with a boldfaced comprehensive solution that deals with the previous guests here poignantly about dealing with the 1112,000,000 that are here. Certainly the government can walk and chew gum at the same time. That is building a system for people to come back across the border, it is not enhancing security. It is dealing with the Mexican Government in a more aggressive way and having them help us. This is a problem that can be solved but right now there is no political will to solve it. We have a lot of people on my side of the aisle that want to focus on enforcement. A lot of people on the other side that want to focus on citizenship. Ould tell you, i guess say dare say if you found thousands of Illegal Immigrants and ask them to come forward and said we cant make you citizens, you ke the law and is a there is a line of people going to legitimately, but we will ze your presence but you cannot become citizens as long as you have not broken the law you can stay. Way, this in a realistic president bush, governor kasich, theynor bush, excuse me, say this is a problem, lets solve it. One of the frustrations and reasons so many people view our government as distressed and a there are big is problems out there and people spend a lot of time talking about the problems but there are few people offering specific solutions. Immigration is a problem that can be solved. You have to move down multiple paths at the same time regardless of what they say. It can be solved, we just dont have the will and we certainly dont have the leadership to get it done. Its not just about citizenship or enforcement. You deal with the presence, the people that are here, you can do it in a compassionate way. They dont have to be citizens but they dont want to be anxious about their future under threat of deportation. You have to build a good system so people can come back and forth, lets not be so arrogant to think that everybody becomes a was to be a citizen. Agriculture was insulting is number one industry. We had a lot of agriculture was pennsylvanias number one industry. We have to understand a lot of people come back and forth across the border, it can be done thee that is employers outside of this base can throw the book at them. There are all kinds of ways we can do with that problem and like a lot of americans i am tired of people taking the political issues. This government should be smart enough and capable enough with the right kind of leadership to solve it and move on. Host lets put Cyber Security on the table. Where does that rate and threats . Guest i think it is one of the more serious threats. The president thinks Climate Change is but Cyber Security is probably the single greatest threat this country faces at this time. Areas of five basic space, butand, sea, the fifth area is digital. We know who the actors are. China, russia, iran, north korea, syria, organized crime. We know what the motives are, they are economic and espionage. The list goes on. Every single day both the government and private sectors are targeted and subjected to all kinds of Important Information and intellectual property and pertinent information is used for different reasons. The greatest threat to our ability longterm, our National Security is cyberspace. The Senate Passing the Cyber Security information sharing act. He said this, we will name the names of the people that voted in favor because a vote for this cyber sharing bill is a vote against the internet. Snowden has no could ability with me, he is a traitor and created all kinds of intelligence problems for the the metacommunity. May his diplomatic community. If you spend the rest of his days in russia. Congress is after many years working with the administration and give credit where credit is due to try to build a pathway so the private sector that gets hit every single day multiple times a day can share information, not personal information but information in regard to the malicious code theyre seeing. And do so in a way that is legally protected. They are victims and sometimes you have Government Agencies penalizing the victims. I think it is very important that built the better understood bill be better understood. Digital protection in the United States. Host the Cyber Attacks we have seen it coming from other countries, are they acts of war . Guest great question. I suspect there have been many conversations within our government. At some point in time. I often refer to an observation by the 9 11 commission after we reviewed the evidence and testimony around the tragedy of 9 11. Imagination. Ure of it doesnt take too much to imagine to imagine a significant cyber attack that is so disruptive to our economy and so disruptive to our infrastructure that it has dramatic confidences that somebody in government consequences that somebody in our government would consider an act of war. Air, land, or see, do we retaliate digitally . The escalation of cyberattacks continuing to grow, the sophistication continuing to grow, the chinese continue to move with impunity despite of said. Resident xi it is a theater of war. That will be a difficult decision for either this president or some future president. Host provisions of the Cyber Security information sharing act are these. It enables companies to share related information and cooperate with one another and the federal government. It allows companies to monitor certain Information Systems for site security purposes. This from the National Law Review about provisions in that building recently passed in the senate. Republican from pennsylvania, youre next. Tom, i i know you actually have a picture of you shaking my hand. I made a donation to you. Guest thank you. Caller somewhere in the early 90s, not sure what the year was. I was a big fan of yours and have a question. With america on her knees financially, why would we consider increasing foreign aid to israel from 4. 7 billion to 9. 7 billion . When we are on our knees financially. I know the usual response i get is that israel is an ally but arent all the members in nato allies . Dont we also give money to jordan and egypt . Host we will take your point because the Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu in washington just recently talking to the president asking for more money for foreign aid. Guest i would try to answer your legitimate question with a broader perspective. Im not sure if you will take my photograph down but our foreign aid is probably 1 or less of our overall budget. Some of it goes to support the country of israel. The only democracy in the region. They are a great ally. We are talking a monster budget of less than 1 goes to foreign aid. Im a strong believer that Development Assistance, foreign aid, is one leg of a threepart you should sit on to promote americas interest and values around the world. We do use the military but there have been occasions in the past aggressive diplomacy in conjunction with Development Assistance in foreign aid that mightve made a difference. Potentialg our exposure or need to use the military. The military is the last resort. If you can support countries to advance, a lot of this aid goes to people to address real human needs like food, clothing, and shelter. We have some stability several rs ago in lebanon and we depending on one another, we chose not to give them much foreign aid. Iran gave hundreds of millions of dollars to hezbollah. But they have done is provide food, clothing, and shelter. It speaks to the notion that if meet basic human needs, you build an alliance and create goodwill. I think thats incredibly powerful for us in this country. I am one who believes the judicious use of foreign aid in protecting our interests is an appropriate use of your tax dollars. Ive seen it work before. I dont know if youve seen the movie Charlie Wilsons war, but theres a time toward the end of the movie, you see the russian tanks across the bridge and Charlie Wilson with whom i served as talking to the Intelligence Community and the said i would like to get money to build roads and schools in afghanistan. Id f his colleagues sa we did help them build basic infrastructure and meet human needs. The taliban fill the vacuum. The judicious use of foreign aid and Development Assistance in the longterm pays great rewards. Host boston examiner reporting on the meeting between mr. Netanyahu and president obama. The Prime Minister asked an increase was the best way to contain irans aggression in the middle east. Israeli officials told reporters that netanyahu had asked for an increase from 3 billion a year to 5 billion a year over the next 10 years. Guest he asked from three to five over the next 10 years. There are reliable accounts that say when we leave iran will get maybe 100 billion they will get maybe 100 billion. Iran is a central bank for terrorism in the region. They fund islamic jihad, they are supporting rebels in yemen. The list goes on. He has asked for a moderate increase in aid although the risk of irans continued engagement and deeper engagement because of the release of sanctions and the rush from some of our allies to go in and help them rebuild their energy industry, means israel is at greater rest. If you are in the neighborhood where most of the countries around you dont even like knowledge or right to exist, taking that aid which is to our democracy and our greatest friend in the region from three frankly,in comparison, it might be deducted from the money we get to iran. We are going to get 100 billion, thats the problem in the region. A problem in iraq and syria. On whont seem focused the real troublemaker in the region is. We continue to go out of our way to support iran under the notion that somehow because weve agreed to this and will give them their money back, that they will be welcomed into the Broader Community of nations and act civilized and not subject their citizens that disagree with them with imprisonment and torture and murder. Somebody told me this is a moderate regime. They will be moderate in my eyes when the networks are allowed to have a permanent presence and they have a freedom of speech and religion and empty their jails of these Political Prisoners and acknowledge the genocide they have committed over the past 1015 years. Host oklahoma city, christian is there. A democrat. Dont let this guy grandstand. This is unbelievable. How can you say israel is our number one ally when they have not gone to war in iraq, or when we fought in afghanistan . Ase the company off, please dont cut me off, how can they be our best ally when they do not send their troops over there into a country that we are fighting and . Guest its a fair question. Allynt use the term simply by identifying those who send troops to support and promote our interest. We have an ally because a great relationship with them, information sharing, intelligence gathering, it is important and important us. There are an ally because we share values, they are an ally because our economic relationship is critical. Because if they have done nothing else, they preserve the democracy they so cherish and worry about every bygle day being extinguished someone in the neighborhood. I dont they had proven to be great allies and will continue to be so. Host are you still there . Caller yes i am. That is a bunch of bs. You talk about leadership with president obama then you tell me that leadership was with george bush knowing that al qaeda would hit the 20 hours on 9 11 . You are saying leadership is going to a war over a lie is and mark you think that leadership is abu ghraib . Torturing others . We are americans and we torture people . Overadership sending blackwater and having them annihilate people . It has been a favorite hobby of some democrats for the past seven years to view this president through a prism of criticism of his predecessor. You may continue to have your opinions with regard to what president bush and his administration, i was part of it, but we did or failed to do. It is disingenuous to keep referring to what happened as an seven years ago excuse or subterfuge from ignoring reality that some of us feel that this administration with regard to Foreign Policy has failed to provide the International Leadership of both our friends and foes expect of us. That is the leadership that means we put military it is not athe reflex action, but it is leadership that frankly doesnt exist. Folks that the antibush and strong democrats have strong feelings about what transpired but i think that prism is disingenuous. It is legitimate for people like me to accept your criticism of president bush with which i agree with but i think you have to take a look at your on president and decide for yourself whether hes been strong and effective on the international scene. I happen to disagree with that point of view. Host we are going to get one must call in for you. Were n, a caller things for taking my call. I am so think for you are on tv today. I always believed you were honest. You made the comment about us not keeping our promise overseas. That is true. We are supposed keep her promise to when our government promises our countrye safe, they are supposed to do that here. I would like to know why you would not be wanting to run for president knowing what you know. You can sit and tell the truth, common sense, you see both sides. You take ted cruz that is young, very smart. You tie him up with you and you could turn this country around twice as fast as any to other people i know. Guest thank you for those generous comments. Let me tell you about keeping your promises and your word and put it in domestic perspective. Have your Health Care Premiums gone up or down . Were you able to keep your doctor . This health care more or less expensive . There is a series of statements this administration has made directly and indirectly, you take a look back and you can look back and say this is what they said. Is this what happened . You said yourself no it didnt. Some circumstances are beyond our control that the full question of credibility in the marketplace, domestically, overseas, is very important. I appreciate the kind words, i will tell you as i look at this race around the country, i start by being governor centric. I think governors, in the schema politics and america, they are ultimately the most accountable anywheremen and women else with the exception of president. This was to be transformative and drive the agenda, good, bad, or indifferent, they are accountable. There are a couple that have been more effective than others, then i take that Group Effective governors and narrow it down to those that can appeal to a broader crosssection of folks. Nonwhites,latinos, understand that technology is part of our future, and the 21st century, put all the things together. And i support governor bush. Host we will have to leave it there. Thank you very much for your time. A short break only come back, well talk with the centers for Disease Control, their director, dr. Tom friedman about foodborne illnesses. They have a new report on that so we get to that after this break. A signature feature of cspan2s tv is our coverage of book fairs and festivals across the country. With Nonfiction Author talks, interviews, and your colin segments. We will be live from the 32nd annual miami book fair. Coverage starts on saturday, november 21 at 10 00 a. M. Eastern authors include representative john lewis discussing his book march. Noonancallin with peggy who talks about her book the time of our lives. Judith miller discusses her book story. Ted koppel on his book like out, a nation unprepared, surviving the aftermath. Speak with the authors live sunday. First, calls taken on the book thrown under the on the bus. Msnbc host joy and read talks about her book fracture. And on cspan2s book tv starting november 21. Follow and tweeters a question at book tv and at cspan on twitter. Cspan has the best access to congress. Watch live coverage of the house on cspan and the senate on cspan2. What is online or on your phone at cspan. Org. Listen live on anytime on our cspan radio app. Get the access from behind the scenes by following cspan and are capitol Hill Reporter craig kaplan. Visit cspan radio and cspan. Org with your best access to congress. Washington journal continues. Host we want to welcome back to the program dr. Tom friedman who thethe director of center for Disease Control to talk about foodborne illnesses. What are they exactly . That you getness from eating food either at home or in a restaurant. It generally gives diarrhea and is more common than people realize. There are tens of millions of cases of foodborne illness each year in the u. S. , one in six americans will get sick from food every year. Some of them are quite severe. A couple thousand people die and over 100,000 hospitalizations. Host what is going on with the nations food supply . Guest it comes from lots of different places, some of them cleaner than others. It can be contaminated anywhere along the chain from where its produced on the farm to where its consumed at the table. Any contamination or failure to remove the contamination that occurred naturally in the environment will potentially result in foodborne illness. The interesting thing is were seeing more multistate outbreaks like the chipotle outbreak that affect multiple states. There are two reasons. One is that we are looking more carefully, finding outbreaks where we might not accountable might notdna have found them before by doing dna analysis so we can tie it together with different trends and identify problems more reliably than before. Second, it is also possible that with more consolidation in the is asupply chain, if there single point where there is contamination that can cause problems in a wider range of areas. Host what are the contaminants . Guest there are multiple bacteria, viruses, occasionally parasites or toxins that can contaminate. Areone we looked at closely three of the deadliest bacteria, andli, listeria salmonella. The three of those account for 90 of the multistate outbreaks we track. Other bacteria and viruses more likely to contaminate food at the point of preparation or seeumption, so we will viruses more commonly as localized outbreaks. Can cause serious problems, e. Coli can be severe and cause kidney failure and in some people, death. Hysteria leased area listeria can cause convocations for pregnant women and everyone who gets a serious infection will have it in other parts of the body like the what stream. Common, it ismore less likely to be severe but still out there. Host what is the difference between the three of them . Are there different contaminants, different bacteria . Guest these are three different bacteria. What they come from is a very interesting and in some ways surprising story. Traditionally, we thought salmonella would come from eggs and chicken, thats why theres an april the fda has passed being implanted. Implemented. Chicken is less likely to be contaminated and we are insistent on cooking chicken adequately to avoid salmonella. We are seeing from a very wide friday, e. Coli, listeria, and salmonella from many different foods. We were surprised to see a caramel apple outbreak. And iceseen listeria cream. Salmonella from a variety of different sources whether its nuts or spaces. Were seeing different bacterial contamination and there are two fundamental reasons. One is we are looking more carefully. The more you look, the more you find. Second, there has been a consolidation of food industries. You have Large Suppliers and if there is one of them and that Large Supplier it will be widely distributed. Host does it make a difference if its organic . Have seen food outbreaks associated with both organic and nonorganic food. As far as we can tell, organic food is neither safer nor less safe in terms of contamination. Host we are talking about foodborne illnesses with the director of the cbc, dr. Tom frieden. Calls and comments. ,emocrats, host 2027488000 republicans, 2027488001, independents, 2027488002. Who gets sick from this and why . Just clarify the frontlines, the original this morning so my apologies. Eastern central part of the country, 202 7488000 fo. Mountainpacific, 202 7488001 fo. Who gets sick, and why . Guest well, with one out of six americans getting foodborne illness every year, and can be everybody. But those who have a weakened immune system may be more susceptible to serious outcomes if they do get the infection. People who are undergoing cancer chemotherapy, people with hiv, and also pregnant women are more susceptible to serious infections if they get infected. That is why for those individuals and particular we recommend doing what you can do like washing your hands before you eat, and if you live in an area where the restaurants are graded for food safety, you can look at the food grades. Interestingly, in a few of the areas, the cities, that have done food grading, they have seen that the restaurants have gotten much safer and foodborne illness has come down after implementing those grades because restaurants, of course, care about safety and their image. Host where are the bacteria itself coming from . Guest really, the contamination can be anywhere along the food chain. Think of a farm animal, a chicken or kyl. Cow. It is not living in a sterile environment, so there are bacteria in it and on it when it is prepared as food. Anywhere along the food chain, when it is worked on with machinery, there can be contamination of machinery. In the transport, we have seen drippings from an unsafe thing onto the safer food. A contamination in transport, contamination in preparation, or contamination because you didnt wash her hands. Host what about washing the food itself . Guest so, we have looked at that, and the department of agriculture recommends you not wash chicken because the act of washing it can spray bacteria pretty far away and wont get to most of them off. For prewashed greens, we dont see a benefit to washing men them. We do recommend rinsing them. You want to be careful to do that where you are not unintentionally splattering bacteria around your kitchen. Host we will go to our first phone call, from bob in indiana, good morning. Caller good morning. Consideren, would you this the cases of foodborne argument forood labeling of Food Products . Countries and genetically modified foods. Guest so, we havent seen a difference in which foods cause illness in terms of genetically modified or other, or in terms of country of origin or other. And the issue of labeling foods is really for the fda and the department of agriculture to determine. But i can say that what is very helpful is when Companies Track where their foods are coming from, and the food safety modernization act passed a couple of years ago will improve the ability to do that. So when we find an outbreak, being able to trace it back and seeing where it comes from is sometimes very challenging. And the food safety modernization act makes that substantially easier and something that is quite valuable. It is also very valuable that we are able to do genetic testing of the bacteria that we find, which is called advanced molecular detection. This was an initiative that cdc proposed about three years ago. It is because of that initiative we are able to find outbreaks faster, stop them sooner, and prevent additional cases. Host how do you stop outbreaks . Guest one is to prevent them in the first place with better food practices all along the food chain. Them,e second, to stop you have to find them sooner and intervene and get that product off the shelves. Inst and does the cdc charge of that . Guest the front lines are local and state health departments. They are dealing with outbreaks all the time. But when it gets into the multistate situation, then we are involved, along with the fda and usda to do really what is disease detective work. Figure out what is the implicated food, what is the food that did it, and then traced that back to where it is coming from, get that off the market, and then see what is happening in that Production Facility that led to that and learn from that to make other food safer also. Host marilyn in pennsylvania. Caller hi. I have a very simple bit of advice. Every time you go out and come back in, you wash your hands thoroughly, dry them thoroughly on a clean towel, and you will do a lot of good. Guest you are absolutely right. In fact, we have seen that regular handwashing has amazing benefits. If you get kids in school to us their hands regularly before the need come after the go to the bathroom, anytime they are soiled, you will see a reduction in all illnesses among the kids and their teachers that is quite substantial. Sometimes the simplest things are the most effective, and handwashing is one of those things. Host dr. Frieden, how often do you wash my hands . Guest anytime before i eat, anytime i just recommended. Host dave, florida. Caller yeah, i have a question for the doc. Goes, it clean water is quite obvious there is a shortage. Even this country probably irrigates other crops, etc. With water. The water is basically unclean, unsanitary, whether it is imported goods or not. It seems to me that everything goes from the food chain from water to feed, the feed goes into the animals, so, you know, when you think about water being contaminated, it is going to affect the whole food chain. And sooner or later it is going to with a global collaboration of importing ingredients that goes into something somewhere in the chain, it is going to be contaminated and it is just going to progress from there. I think it is a water issue, as far as irrigation and the basic needs of crops, etc. To feed the world. And that would be my question for the doctor. Thank you so much. Guest thank you for that question. You are absolutely correct. We have seen outbreaks related to contaminated water being used to irrigate crops. The bacteria growing into things like tomatoes. But anything that you cook is going to decontaminate or kill the bacteria and viruses within the foodstuff. So, even if something is contaminated, if youd cook it if you cook it adequately, you are not going to get a bacterial or viral illness. Greens, things that we have in salad, that is the biggest challenge because we dont cook them. And many of them come from outside the u. S. And that is why we are working to improve water safety around the world. It is a very important area. In this country, there is still more than one out of four americans is not on a municipal water system. And the safety of those Water Systems is quite variable. And around the world, there are still over a billion people who dont have regular access to safe, clean water. And that affects them and can affect us because of the lack of adequate sanitation and cleanliness on farms where food is produced. Again, if you are cooking something, it is going to kill most of the organisms. Organisms that might make you sick. Host when the cdc does an investigation, how far back in the food chain does it go . Guest we have disease detectives, doctors, nurses, scientists, and others who will go to the source to figure it out so we can stop it. We have seen outbreaks where we have had to travel overseas to get to the source. Floridaith in palm bay, go ahead. Caller can you hear me . Host we can. Go ahead. Caller your answered almost one, it grows in the products, like a tomato or something. Is our food still radiated when it comes into the country . And the second thing we went to a food certificate thing where it was only a oneday class but it really gave a good class on how to defrost stuff and how to handle food. And there had always be at least one person with that certificate in the kitchen. And is there any correlation to illnesses going up as people . Eet eat more out or is it in the home and going out to eat . Guest the radiation is used for some, but not all foods. In terms of your second question, the food certificates and training of people who operate restaurants is a local and state decision. But it is clearly the case that training makes a difference. And having a welltrained food safety supervisor on site at all times is associated with a lower risk of getting foodborne illness from a restaurant. In terms of whether restaurants or home cooking or likely to make you more sick, or hard to say. For many of the outbreaks we work on, it is very challenging. People may have been exposed a week ago. Think of if you can list everything you have eaten in the past week and from where. We use things like shopper cards, but we do find that for the restaurant outbreaks, the multistate outbreaks, they tend to be a different type of organism. An organism that can be deadlier because they are contaminating upstream in the food supply a large volume of product, as opposed to home cooked meals where some of the simplest rules wash her hands, keep your hot foods hot, your cold foods cold, and dont let the contaminated foods mix with the noncontaminated foods you dont want the drippings from the uncooked chicken to get anywhere near your salad. Host dr. Frieden, why does it turn out that some of these foodborne illnesses are deadly for some people . Guest well, sometimes it can be that you got a really large dose of the bacteria. Sometimes it can be that the bacteria itself is a deadlier form of it. Some forms of e. Coli are much deadlier than other forms of e. Coli. And other times it is because of the immune system of the person that has been affected. I remember a patient i kid for who got listeria, and he had multiple myeloma, a type of cancer, and it was terribly, terribly difficult to treat his list area infections. It ended up causing terrible problems in many parts of his body and required months to get over that episode. Host what are your recommendations to someone if they think they might have a foodborne illness . Is time if actor . Time a factor . Guest if you have three loose stools in a 24hour period, that is the definition. If three or more people around you that eight at a commonplace are sick. This is important. If you are having diarrhea and illness, see your doctor and ask about getting a sample to figure out whether it is a bacteria, and if so, which one. Host and what happens from there . Talk about the investigations. So if we takeld an imaginary outbreak, a bunch of people eat at a meal together and get very, very sick, they might go to three or four different doctors, maybe they were at a convention and they go to for five different states. The doctors will get a sample of stool for culture. It grows in the laboratory, and then if it grows one of the bacteria we are quite concerned about, that causes illness and multistate outbreaks, it is sent to the state Public Health lab where they do a simple form of dna fingerprinting. We have a database of over half a million fingerprints of different types, and every week, or in realtime every day, we compare them to see, oh, we have now three or five or eight cases that match. Then we would reach out to the individuals, learn what they ate, identify common exposures, and then from that go back and try to find the source. Cdc theu have at the epidemic intelligence service. These are the people that do the investigation. What are their resources like . How much money do they get from congress to echo guest the in congress . Guest the investigations take a whole team. That includes the local and state health departments. It includes our laboratories here in atlanta that are doing cuttingedge work, including some of the molecular genetics that was funded by congress a couple of years ago. Officers are disease detectives. They are the frontline troops to investigate and stomp out breaks wherever they occur. We have about 80 per year. It is a twoyear Service Learning program that many of us went through and many of us remember as a really exciting time in our careers. Host baltimore next, carolyn, good morning. Caller good morning. I would like to ask dr. Frieden, is there any type of testing done for the toxin called [indiscernible] that is commonly contaminates corn crops . Guest that can be a major challenge, and in our cdc laboratories, we have, in fact, one of the top Environmental Health laboratories in the world. And can do sophisticated testing for that toxin, which can contaminate some crops. In parts of africa, we have seen outbreaks of poisoning, and in those countries that have sometimes implemented programs to track and destroy the contaminated foods before they get distributed and eaten and cause illness because that toxin can cause liver failure. Host chapel hill, North Carolina, john. Caller yes. Dr. Frieden, good morning. I want to go back to handwashing. My wife and i noticed well, we avoid restaurants that dont have towels in the restrooms. Just the blowers. Because of the go and the restroom, you dont have to sit there very long and what somebody walk out without washing their hands. Which means that the people who prepare the food, who also go in those restrooms, will come out and no way will have clean hands. So i would suggest that the cdc or someone ask restaurants to enforce or put towels in the restroom to make it convenient for people to wash their hands and clean their hands thoroughly. That is my comment. Guest it is a very interesting question. Yourink what yor theory is is that if restrooms only have the hand dryers and not paper towels, people are less likely to wash their hands. I dont know what the data shows on that, but it is well worth looking at. Host john, chapel hill, North Carolina. Apologies, allison in texas. Caller hi, good morning. I would like to ask the doctor if he is aware of any legislation that would clear from not labeling their meat being sent to the United States. I was under the impression that there was some movement not to label meets from other countries. Guest when we do investigations of outbreaks, it is very important for us to trace all the food back to its original i canthat we can comment on that specific legislation. Generally, they are the regulatory agencies in the food safety space. At the cdc, our job is to track what is happening, identify and stop outbreaks, and advance protection. Host dr. Frieden, i know you have a busy day and our time with you is ending here shortly. I want to ask you about the flu season and what are your predictions for that. The headline today that the flu shortage means less shots for people. Guest the only thing we can predict with certainty about influenza is that it is unpredictable and we will have a flu season. We can also say the best way to protect yourself against the flu is a flu shot. I got mine. It is our best preventive measure, but the flu does make a lot of people sick during the winter months. And send hundreds of thousands to the hospital. By all means, get a flu shot. Everyone over six months of age should get a flu shot. And if you have a serious illness or if you have an Underlying Health condition and you get something that might be flu, see a doctor because medication can shorten your illness. Host also want to ask you about pandemics. Youre at the front lines of what happened in africa with ebola. This was a piece you wrote recently with the headline, protecting the world from the next pandemic. Guest we know that new organisms and a old organisms in new places are emerging all the time. We discover one per year on average. And some of those can be things like mers, that causes terrible respiratory problems in the middle east, or sars 10 years ago or sars 10 years ago in china, or the next hiv. We really are connected in a global world. We see that in the food supply and we see that in the travel of people around the world. We had two people come back to this country with mers infection a year or so ago. There is a need for us to strengthen the systems all around the world to find, stop, and prevent health threats. That is with the Global Health security agenda is all about. In doing that will help other countries be safer and keep us safer. , we dr. Tom frieden appreciate your time this morning. Guest thank you. Host and we have about 10 minutes left here and the program. We want to keep getting your thoughts on foodborne illness. We would still like to hear from you this morning on what you think about this and what sort of precautions you are taking. Richard in wisconsin, good morning, youre on the air. Caller yes. Ask the doctor a question, but i am going to make a statement. Bola. Alk about e what is going to stop our enemy . When i say enemy, i am talking about a fraction of muslims. They were brought up to believe this radical religion, and they believe that they have to kill us for their prophecy to come true. And if you look at iran, that is a good place to look at, and what im trying to say is this i am trying to say that what would stop these people from injecting themselves and then coming into this country and they would be basically normal, and then all of a sudden it would break out all over the country . It could be whatever. It could be a smallpox or some kind of a mixture of a new kind of a disease from viruses and bacteria or whatever. And then, of course, we know that sesame street over in that neck of the woods, they teach kids to put explosives on their bodies, so what is going to stop people in the future from injecting themselves were injecting our foods, and then coming into this country and literally killing us . What kind of protection do we have . Host so, got your point, richard. Richard in rice lake, wisconsin. We were just talking with the director of the cdc about the rise in it, out with the recent report that shows the multistate outbreaks are on the rise. And this is what they put together. Why, they ask, is that the deadly germs of salmonella, e. Coli, and listeria cause 91 of these multistate outbreaks. Only 3 of all u. S. Foodborne outbreaks are multistate, but because more than their share of outbreaks, sicknesses, hospitalizations, and deaths. Deadly for them. We are getting your thoughts this morning on foodborne illnesses. New york, good morning. Good morning to you. Me . Er have your ask for host you are on the air. Caller oh. I want to quite the contrary from what the current commentator says. I was about to call to say that dr. Frieden has shown that we really are one world. Therefore this business about antiimmigrants is ridiculous. If we all cooperated, we would have a better world. But the caller before me said just the opposite. I cant believe it. He thinks that the immigrants are going to deliberately make themselves sick to harm us. This is unbelievable. I appeared im calling unbelievable paranoia. I am calling to say just the opposite. Host ok. Linda, good morning. Caller good morning. I just got out of the hospital. Apparently, i got a batch of spinach that i put in the bottom of the bowl with fruits, and within three and a half hours, i was violently ill and it was coming out every end. And i went to the hospital and they didnt listen to what i was basically saying. Noy went after they had tissues, no bathroom towels. I was left there waiting for hours at a top hospital and they did not relate spinach or raw fruits and vegetables going into the bloodstream. And i suspected this is been a tradeoff because it was a bitter drink i suspected the spinach right off because it was a bitter drink. So what does the doctor have to say . The doctors didnt know what nutribullet was. Host dr. Frieden is not with us anymore, but if you want more information, cdc. Gov. This is something the cdc tracks. It investigates illnesses when the states ask the cdc to come in, especially if there is a multistate outbreak. This, of course, comes about as chipotle closed down many of its change chain restaurants on the west coast. Customers are returning now to the Pacific Northwest on wednesday as the chain reopened after e. Coli outbreaks that sickened about 45 people in Washington State and oregon. Aaa voluntarily closed 43 of its restaurants in Washington State and october oregon in october after the cdc discovered after Health Officials discovered most of the people sickened in an e. Coli outbreak had one thing in common, a recent meal at aaa. Recent meal at chipotle. Chipotle did its own testing and found out it would had no contamination. Caller actually, i did have a comment i wanted to make. Unfortunately i missed the doctor, but i did want to speak it doesntry relate to foodborne illness, but it does concern the cdc. Cspanr whether or not or the dr. , what are the thoughts on the story that broke on cbs about the the evidence that some of the immunizations that are given to young black children from the time of birth , known by the cdc to have caused autism. And it was conveniently omitted by doctors who knew that the findings were, in fact, validated. And they chose to admit omit that information, but when pressed, they released the information. A damage control type of lawyer. I just wanted to see what their thoughts was on that story and whether or not to you [indiscernible] its planning on in the future covering that story. Host jim and florida, it was a cbs truck. You can send any suggestions to us if you want. You can email us. You can also send us a tweet with the wjtopics. Eugene, south carolina, you are next. Good morning. Caller yes, the doctor mentioned about the e. Coli and the listeria bacteria and viruses in the soil, and i think he can appointed to animals might have something to do with it. But if you recall 100 years ago or so, people were deliberately turn their animals out into the farmland so they could so their droppings could fertilize the soil because fertilizer back then was more expensive and harder to get. The problem was back then there were no contaminants in the soil that they put in the soils now. And by then, the microorganisms that were in the soil broke down to maneuver and other products maneuver manure and other products. There is not going to really be contaminationthis because the soil is contaminated with all these byproducts. We are going to continue to have outbreaks. Thank you very much. Host that is eugene with the final comments therefore washington journal. Will be back here tomorrow ,orning, 7 00 a. M. Eastern time with more of your thoughts, phone calls, emails, and treats. Thank you for watching. Have a good day. [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2015] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] all persons having business before the honorable Supreme Court of the United States give their attention. Tonight our, country faces a grave danger. We are faced by the possibility that at midnight tonight, the Steel Industry will be shut down. Therefore, i am taking two actions tonight. First, i am directing the secretary of commerce to take possession of the steel mills and to keep them operating. Announcer in 1952, the United States was involved in a military conflict with north korea. And at home, a dispute between the Steel Industry and its union had come to a head. The korean war was a hot war, and they needed steel for munitions, tanks, jeeps, for all of those things that you needed in the Second World War as well. So it is the Steel Industry