Isis. 5853882 for independents. If you want to make your thoughts known as far as how the u. S. Can go about defeating isis or how far the u. S. Should go here is how you can do it. Facebook. Com. You can send us email, too. Usa today, asking about strikes in iraq, specifically towards islamic groups, here is the poll results. The question, do you approve or disapprove of u. S. Air strikes against islamic militants in iraq . 54 of respondents saying they approve of the action, 31 saying they disapprove, 15 saying they dont know. Several stories in the paper not only taking a look at the bee heading of james foley but also whats next as far as policy concerning isis in iraq is concerned, and your thoughts welcomed on the lines, 202 5853881 for republicans. 202 5853880 for democrats, and and and for independents. Well get pe perspective from we house reporter jeff mason. I think the president s comments suggested that what he had started in terms of air strikes in iraq against isis or isil will continue. And most likely will increase. I think that that was a signal both to the American People and to the people in iraq and the organization that the United States doesnt tolerate the type of killing of a u. S. Citizen nor the other actions that theyre taking against muslims and others in iraq. So i dont think i dont think yet anyway that its just a signal in policy. I think it was a signal that what he started will continue and will probably get even thicker. What did you think about the tone of the remarks . He tried to sound very rest oh lute, saying United States of america will continue to do what we must do to protect our people, and calling on allies in other countries to help in that fight. Host jeff, stories in the paper also talking about information from the white house, a mission to recover hostages. For those just catching up to the story could you fill us in on what was said by the white house concerning this mission . Yes. Controversial that they released details about it at all. And what was said is there was a mission as you indicated, earlier this summer, carried out by members of u. S. Armed forces who were airlifted or dropped, i should say, into syria, in an effort to find foley and other u. S. Citizens who were held captive, and they failed when they showed up at the location because the hostages had been moved. So there was there were details released about that yesterday, and the white house then went on later to defend that release, saying the reason those details were given to journalists is base media organizations were planning on reporting on the raid. Host when it comes to the current situation, theres still a second journalist being held. Anything said by the white house about that journalist . Not to my knowledge, no. It is a longstanding policy not to pay ransom for people, northern citizens who are held. That is not necessarily the policy of many european governments. The u. S. Government feels that engaging in something lick that will endanger more americans by encouraging groups to take more hostages. At this point, theyre certainly no indication there will be a shift in policy on that. In fact, quite the contrary, both obama and secretary of state john kerry yesterday indicated that the strikes will continue, and its the very strikes that the group that was responsible for killing foley said they objected to and that was the reason for the terrible, terrible murder. Host the wall street journal reporting 14 strikes taking place yesterday. The state department has asked the pentagon for 300 more military personnel to baghdad to protect the americans working there. Has the white house indicated whether they will honor that request . No, not not specifically, but i think that thats another indication that this mission that i was referring to earlier will continue to increase. And i think its something that the white house is trying to prepare americans for. They are cognizant of the word mission and Mission Creep and not wanting to suggest that this mission or this battle by u. S. Forces is going to continue to get bigger and bigger. And yet faced with what happened with this american citizen, its at this point, it looks like they will continue to need more people, like the 300 additional forces. Host has the white house indicating responding to that pressure . I think the way theyre trying to portray it is about identifying the needs that the iraqis have, and focusing as clear as possible on the protection of u. S. Citizens, and baghdad has the u. S. Embassy, the original reason for air strikes was not only to help those religious minority on mount sinjar but also to protect the american consulate that was nearby. They will continue to use that as a guiding principle for the forces and for the attacks and air strikes that the u. S. Military takes part in, but clearly it goes way beyond that. And its its trying, as the president referred to yesterday, to attack the cancer that is this group. Host jeff mason, thank you. My pleasure. Host to your calls on how far the u. S. Should go to defeat isis, from the president s comments yesterday and papers taking a look at it today. Well look at some of those. The number is 202 5853881 for republicans, 202 5853880 for democrats, for independents, and 202 5853882. Caller i watch cspan every morning. Host go ahead. Caller i think the president is handling this exactly the way i want him to handle this. Hes doing everything he can. They had us try to even get him out in july we found out now. And i think that he going to have to stop trying to get the republicans to help him do anything, because theyre worthless. They anybody that works votes for republicans, they would rather the way theyve been talking about him. Host do you think the beheading changes things, as far as dealing with isis . Caller you cant be even thinking about thinking about these people. Theyre crazy, more than crazy. Host here is on our independent line, bob from montana. Hello. Caller hi, good morning. I am wondering about, you know, theres a force there and im worried about the Mission Creep. We have been in libya and it seems like what we did was just withdrew completely and have left turmoil there. And now it seems like we have done the right thing. I think im really proud of the president for doing what he has done, and im worried about getting without a long drawn interchange in there. Every time i look at the tv theres two or 300 more men going over there, it seems like its over pretty quick. We have to protect those people over there. Host sun times taking a phrase from the president s comments yesterday, we will be relentless, using it for its front page. I should look at that and discussing how far the u. S. Should go to defeat isis. Here is thomas from new jersey. Caller im concerned greatly about what isis has done, not only to religious minorities, christians, and now the bee heading of this journalist, i think we need to completely wipe out isis, whether that means continuing air strikes or i know that we were in war for many years, and i am very young, im only 20, but i think that it would be beneficial to us to take out isis because they are a tremendous threat to the entire world. Host so you could accept more of a step up, to what length . Are you talking boots on the ground . Would you just keep it to air strikes . Caller i would possibly have boots on the ground, but i would continue air strikes, but i also believe president obama needs to have stronger language and just and be more willing to confront the isis as a problem, because as reported in a congressional hearing as early as 2013, iraq was asking for help and the Obama Administration refused. If we had helped sooner maybe this wouldnt be such a big problem. Host john, district heights, maryland, democrats line, hi. Caller its amazing to me to see how misinformed all these people are. We brought that whole mess over there with president bush. And nothing was done about it. Nobody was held accountable for what was done over there. You still there, sir . Host yes, go ahead. Caller nobody was held accountable for the slaughter of those people over there. Now, i cannot condone hussein, but when you think back to how stable that area was before we did what we did to him, i mean its now we have isis. If im not mistaken, isis was armed by president obama to go against the syrian government. I mean, we American People got to wake up and understand. We cannot be arming people to kill each other and dont be held accountable for what we do when people grow up. I mean, the double standard is so glaring on how we treat one nation against another nation, one people against another people. I mean, the people stands up and want to take revenge, oh, look what they doing, look how they killing. Well look who is doing all the arming. March 10 luther king said it 40 years and its gotten worse. He said america is the greatest per have aer of violence on the face of the earth. We sell guns to anybody and everybody and when the guns are turned around to kill the very people who we think we want to back we want to blame the people who are doing the killing when it starts with our own federal government. Host senator rubio making comments about the beheading, here is part of his statement. It says isil is not a problem for only the iraqis and syrians to solve. If we do not do more to assist our partners and those moderate syrians, were asking about how far the u. S. Should go to defeat isis, what do you think . Caller basically i think that we have to do whatever is necessary, and whether that be from air strikes to boots, i think the main problem, though, from i agree with the previous caller about the things done in our country, its a religious war, and its really, really hard to okay, lets blame isis. The extremists are going to perpetuate themselves, so, i mean host go ahead. Are you there . I think hes dropped off due to the connection. Lets go to collins, baltimore, maryland, republican line. Hi. Caller yes. Im glad you are taking my call. Im very sorry the president you have now is a coward, and i think this man is not able to defend this country. The problem going on with isis, those groups should not exist at all. Now the having babies, killing women, killing christians, and were all were doing is and wasting a lot of gas with a bunch of jets running around doing nothing. Obama will not defend his country. Hes a muslim. And i tell you this. Host when it comes to isis exactly what should the u. S. Be doing, to what extent . Caller they should put troops in iraq, bomb isis, you see, the fear of Armed Conflict on our side is unjust because it only took two days for u. S. Troops to run iraq. It cost lives. Host flushing, new york, independent line, hi. Caller yes, good morning. We have to go back a decade ago what we were going to iraq to achieve. We went over there to bring democracy. After ten years, there is nothing. Now, isis is for me, United States went over there to contain isis but there is no reason to go and put our soldiers back and do whatever we try to do. We cannot achieve that goal. Its all messed up. We have to contain them, sending troops or is not going to help. Now either we have to side with as said or the warm in syria. If that is the case, why would you send so many years, good time, to fight those people . It is a failure of u. S. Policy. We should not get involved, but we they are not going to send just to fight america, so stop the hype and we cannot do that. Host a tweet from senator bob corker of tennessee says isis actions are afront to all. Our prayers are with the family of james foley. This is a tweet from tolman. If nato cant fight in iraq, then the u. S. Should quit immediately. You can follow us on twitter. You can email us, too, journal cspan. Org. Lets here from lorenzo in louisiana, democrats line. Caller i was talking about i mean, i dont think the u. S. Should be trying to protect a person that goes over there trying to make money, and you know youre in a war zone, and you dont have the protection, and why should we take and risk our well trained soldiers to go over there to try to get these guys out . When the money they make is their own. I had a friend of mine that was working for in support of the u. S. Soldiers over there, he got burned alive. And no one has said nothing, aint heard a word. But i mean for these people that know they going over there on this contracts, unless they working for the government to try to help the people over there then thats different. But if you choose to go and try to make some money in these war countries, i mean you cant even get insurance to go in a war zone. So why should the u. S. Why should we take and put our young men, our kids to go over there and try to save a person that knows hes over there strictly for the money . Host a column he wrote, did americas policy on ransom contribute to james foleys killing . Had these comments, saying the u. S. Government refused to negotiate or pay ransom in foleys case or any other american captives including my own and duck shun by the taliban five years ago. He wrote the column for receiptors. Here is al, in georgia, independent line. Caller yes. I just wanted to talk about wesley clark giving a speaking at a conference a few years ago, and its on youtube, where he talked about the United States wanting to do regime change in five mean countries. And this is approximately in 2001. They decided that they was going to do all of these different nations. Obama gets into office, and they basically just moburak to step down. They went into libya and tried to go into syria. So a lot of this stuff was planned well ahead of time, and this is just one of the repercussions from when they mess up, you know, basically they went over there and screwed up. Host so what should be done now . Caller excuse me . Host what should be done now . Caller well, i mean, you know, i dont exactly know what you should do now. After you go in there and stir up a bunch of mess and it backfires, or whatever, then you know, who are you to blame except yourself, you know . Why dont we stay out of these peoples business . Host rene is from oklahoma on our independent line. Good morning. Caller hello. Im calling because i know a whole lot of people that serve in the military. Different branches. And during the alqaeda crisis and bin laden a lot of people died. Some of them i know. I dont get how isis was allowed to come into existence and yet we go and we fight for ten years to get rid of alqaeda and bin laden . That doesnt make any sense to me. We go after people who are known to be a problem here in this country because theyre known to be problems. Why wasnt isis stopped before they got to this level . I dont get it. Host so as far as the current day, what should be done now, in your opinion . Caller thats easy. What should have been done to alqaeda to start with. Blow them off the dam map. Host well hear next from david from ohio. Hi. Caller i love your program. I lived in washington for a while. I believe that isis is a men esnecessary. I believe we should take them out. We should bomb them into oblivion. We should take their bases out in syria, take them out of iraq, take them out. And we did this a war or two, we terrorized and bombed, and japanese people, and we won that war. And were going to have to win this war, and if we dont take care of them now with our air forces, and just bomb them and let the kurds and arm them, and take care of these people, were going to have to do it ourselves sometime. And i hate to put boots on the ground, and but one way or another isis has got to go. Thats how i feel about it. Host the bank of america announcing a deal, or nearing a deal with the u. S. Government over mortgage securities. Headline from the Washington Post this morning, bank of america, 17 billion deal with the u. S. It says, the story by daniel douglas, if you go to the money and investing section of the wall street journal this morning, talks about pay for certain people on wall street. This is highlighting goldman sachs, here is todd, rockville, maryland. How far should the u. S. Go to defeat isis . Caller thanks for having me on their show. We need to make sure not to forget, we need to involve the Arab Community as solutions. Secondly, less boots on the ground, more eyes in the air. We have technology called drones. We need to step up our use of drones. And then thirdly, lets make sure that unlike our first entry into iraq, that there is Cost Recovery if the u. S. Goes in and we go in below. Thank you. Host dominique up next from south carolina, independent line. Dominique, hello. Caller yes. I think that in this situation we should be able to move ground troops, because we had to sacrifice so many lives throughout this war, and we cant like be able to control every situation, so like the last caller said i think we should use our technology that we have, try to handle the situation, because, i mean, there is this one bad group. Host we have several hundred people there, request from the state department for 300 more. There are already troops there. What do you think should be done with them . Caller i mean, we should we should go i think that we should either train other iraqi soldiers who want to see the mill i trant groups can took out due to fact that the u. S. We are its more countries than this, so and other people that can help, like do we have to be the only country that comes to the rescue when its time for war . Host if youre calling go ahead and continue to call. The numbers will be on the screen. This tweet on how far the u. S. Should go to defeat isis. He says remember the president was ready to attack isis last september but when he asked congress they said no. The president made several comments on isis yesterday. Here is a portion of his comments from yesterday. The United States of america will continue to do what we must do to protect our people. We will be vigilant and we will be relentless. When people harm americans anywhere, we do whats necessary to see that justice is done, and we act against isil, standing alongside others. The people of iraq, who with our support are taking the fight to isil must continue to come together to expel these terrorists from their community. The people of syria whose story jim foley told do not deserve to live under the shadow of a tyrant or terrorist. From governments and peoples across the middle east, there has to be a common effort to extract this cancer so that it does not spread. There has to be a clear rejection of these kind of ideologies. One thing we can all agree on is a group like isil has no place in the 21st century. Host well hear next from tony, fort worth, texas. Caller as much as i hate to think we are going back to iraq with boots on the ground, we are. Im a soldier and i know war groans when i hear them. Its a shame about the journalist that got killed. We lost almost 5,000 troops the last time, and were going back again. And i think this time that when we go back, we are going to be over there forever, because as soon as we leave another group is going to spring up for us to keep going back and forth to iraq. So i think instead of the as bad as it sounds, that we are going to have troops in that region when we go back, and we are going back, regardless of what the secretary of state or the president says right now, we are going back with boots, and were going to be just like we are in germany, just like we are in korea, were going to be in that region forever. Host tony do you think that we have a responsibility to go back . Caller well, i think we have we have a responsibility because we started the mess. We have a responsibility because as bad as that could cause the area, as bad as Saddam Hussein was, we did not have these kind of problems in that region until we went in and took him out, until we really destabilized libya enough for the people to kill khadfi, so we destabilized this region. And that means that we have destabilized it. The only way we can stabilize it is puttputts on the ground and keep them there. Make it a normal military rotation, just like germany and korea, and thats very sad. Host thats tony from fort worth, texas, a picture this morning on the front page of the wall street journal of eric holder on the streets of ferguson, missouri. Africanamerican leaders interrupted the contrasting interpreted the contrasting approaches as a consequence of the limitations of the president s role as commander in chief. Mr. Obamas remarks have been pay lit i sized, and had the effect of hardening the racial divide. There is video from eric holder, visiting from ferguson, missouri. We continue our calls for the next 15 minutes or so. Taking a look at statements by the president yesterday, specifically dealing with the terror group isis or isil, and asking you in your thoughts on how far United States should go to defeat isis, 202 202 585s for republicans. And for independents, 202 5853882. Here is william from ft. Lauderdale, florida, republican line. Hi. Caller good morning. I think we should definitely stay on the offense against these terrorist groups. The group seems pretty well funded and intent on causing worldwide destruction, with the type of weapons in the world today, its a matter of time probably before they can get ahold of one. And what bothers me is we had a strong hold in iraq, and we six years of this, the problem is we didnt have leadership to build on what we have built, the ground we gained. I think we should have a major u. S. Military base somewhere in the middle east and just part of our u. S. Policy that because like i said, when they beheaded that journalist that gives you an idea, these people arent stopping and like i said, theyre extremely dangerous, they are beheading little children, and killing people because of their religion, and things like that. And like i said, we should maybe get an International Force together, maybe britain, france, germany, and egypt maybe, and jordan, and get their commando forces, and everybody puts a couple thousand commandos in there, the cream of the crop military, the guys that are really trained in circumstances like this, a group of 10,000 over there, and just and like i said, i think former commanders, generals, when we pulled out of iraq this was going to happen. We have to remember, too, that Hillary Clinton and bill clinton both voted for this war. Host well leave it there. I just wanted to show you the front page of the bit british newspaper, the guardian. This is david from florida, good morning, independent line. Caller yes. I was born and raised in washington, d. C. , so i read the post every day. This started back with the iran crisis. They didnt want to do anything about that. Bush got the idea we should take cue quite back. And these guys got to stop trying to be politically correct and do whats the right thing. And what the right thing is, they dont know what the hell theyre doing. Theyre just coming to dc to make money and leave. They dont want to do their jobs, stay out of my hometown. Host david, whats the right thing then . Caller kill them all. Host john, up next, from lake land, florida, independent line. Caller good morning. Host good morning. Caller i agree with one of your callers, this is not just a United States problem, its a world problem. We look at history, that disease, it took, what, four or five years to stamp out the disease when 50 Million People died. The world needs troops from all civilized countries to go in there and take care of business. Its like vietnam, you know. Can i fire, you know, ill get back with you, soldier. You couldnt bomb without the president of the United States approval. Thats whats happening in iraq and afghanistan, with our troops. Their hands are tied half the time. Thank you very much. Host off of twitter, the Vice President , weighing in on the be heading, as well, via tweet. Saying our hearts go out to the foley family. We all mourn jims loss. Robert from arizona, good morning. Republican line. Caller good morning. I think putting bandaids on the situation in iraq isnt going to get it. Were going to have to go back and big time and straighten it out. And also we needed you case for the youngsters, for the future, for our youngsters in the future, so we wont be living with this situation in the future. Thank you. Host keith up next from michigan. Democrats line. Caller good morning. Host good morning. Go ahead. Caller my comment is on isis. I feel its time for the people of iraq to stand up and fight for their country. This has been going on for years. We have been over there, we cant keep continuing to go into regions and fight and lose our soldiers. Like i said, this is not a shortterm thing, this has been a longterm thing. These people should stand up, fight for their country, and you know, stop depending on america. Every time we go over there and do that, they have attempted to think that we should come in and save them. And thats not how it should be. Host from bob in oklahoma city, you are next. Go ahead. Caller thank you. I believe that the president should get on tv right now and declare war against isis and any islamic fundamentalist that wishes to take over an already established country, institute the draft, and get young minute out of the streets and in there fighting and believing in something, and stop doing business with the people that are funding these people. This is the true face of islam. Thank you. Host there is a story in the daily signal, picture of the texas governor, rick perry. And a story about how hes appearing in washington today, not only talking about his events of recent but to talk about immigration at the Heritage Foundation in washington, d. C. That event takes place at 11 00 a. M. No indication about whether hell talk about the recent charges against him. You can watch live today at 11 00 on cspan. Its governor rick perry of texas, talking about the new politics of immigration. John, good morning from louisiana, democrats line. Caller yes, sir. I am just wondering how many more millions of dollars American People will have to pay for all these wars and stuff. Host keep going, john. Caller im trying to figure out, you know, we steady spending money, my money. Why dont they go over there and do what they got to do as far as the war and stuff, and take these people out. Host that means to you what, as far as do what they got to do . Does that mean boots on the ground . Increased air strike . What does that mean . Caller i think they need to do more air strikes and stuff, and boots on the ground. Host so some troop levels on the ground . Caller some, yes, sir, some, but they need to use them drones and stuff more. Host thats john from louisiana, the Washington Post discussing a recent decision by a judge to release papers when it comes to the justice departments fast and furious program. A name you probably heard of. U. S. District judge Amy Berman Jackson set an october 1s october 1st deadline. Pfs h caller i just wanted to talk about, you know, we think that we go over to iraq, we people are saying we should have left saddam alone, and i dont think that was the right thing. Saddam was a tyrant. We went over there to help those people, and create piece over there. And once we cleared the path for them to have peace, thats a process. And the process is breaking down again. And whether we realize it or not, we still going to have to be involved in helping other peoples around the country, other places, at least fight for peace. United states, when we have much, much is given, winch is given much is needed. You know, you have to do more. You have to help more. And i dont see that. Even though i know it comes at a cost, peace does. But we are playing definite role in this world and we should understand that, and stand for that. Were doing the right thing. When youre doing something right it shouldnt be standing for something wrong. People think that because when youre doing right, its the wrong thing and thats not thats not what it is. Host a long time observer and frequent guest on this show, a piece in the la times this morning telling the president , advising the president to be upfront in iraq. Here is some of her thoughts this morning. Read more at the web site by the author, robin wright. Here is jim, minnesota, republican line. Jim from minnesota, hello. Caller hello. Host youre on, go ahead, please. Caller i think were asking the wrong question. I think we should be asking the question how did we allow isis to become so powerful as they are in the last couple of years . Its not the fact that we got to do something now its that we should have done something a long time ago. Host from twitter, weighing in with his thoughts, saying isis is a threat to all, but particularly iran defeating isis will strengthen iran in the middle east. From minnesota also, here is david. Go ahead, please. Caller hello . Host david from minnesota, youre on, go an ahead. Caller i just got something to say. The killing theyre killing kids and families over there, in iraq. And i think its pretty sad. I think its pretty sad theyre over there killing people in iraq, and obama needs to do something about this. Host keep going david. Youre hearing yourself talk. Go ahead. Caller its just not right. Obama needs to put his foot down and go over there and take care of isis so they dont come over to the u. S. And start blowing our stuff up over here. Its pretty sad. Theyre killing kids, theyre killing christian people. Host mary jain from ohio, republican line, hi. Caller im glad to get through. I really agree with a lot of the callers. I think we need to get congress back and vote this as a message we got to get our troops back there. We have to create a coalition with all the free countries that are willing to stop this. We voted obama in. He told us what he was going to do. He said he was going to pull our troops out. He didnt say he was going to leave people there. He did exactly what we voted for. Now, we dont like it, so now we have to make another decision. We have to get our guys back in there and let them show their fingers once again. This is a mess. But we goofed, so now we have to correct it. Host correction means what in your mind . Caller we have to get a coalition together, get these our congressman back here. Our president is not going to do this. He told us what he was going to do, and he did it. Now we need somebody to change that and decide again to put our troops back on the ground and form a Better Coalition for all of the countries around the world, because this this has been going on since 1830s they have been exacting wages from people and money. Host you would support boots on the ground and going that route . Caller i think we have to. We dont have any choice. Its not going to happen. We have to find the people and, you know, we need to be able to discern better the problem if we were on the ground. You cant see the problem completely from 30,000 feet in the air. You got to get down. And thats what we have to do. We made a bad choice. Now we have to correct it. Host thats mayor ejain from oh i had oh. She will be the last call on this topic. Well switch topics, taking a look at poverty in the United States, a new report shows that growing poverty took place in suburban areas of the u. S. Well discuss that and how it impacts places like ferguson, missouri. Later on in the program we continue our look at elements of l bjs great society. Well look at impact of the Clean Air Act as washington journal continues after this. I always knew there was a risk in the bohemian national, and i decided to take it because whether an illusion or not, i dont think it is. It helped my concentration. It stopped me being bored, stopped other people being boring, to some extent. It would keep me awake, make the evening go on longer, to prolong the conversation, to enhance the moment. If i was asked would i do it again, the answer is probably yes, i would have quit earlier possibly, hoping to get away with the whole thing. Easy for me to say, of course. Sounds irresponsible. If i say yeah i would do it again to you, but the truth is it would be hypocritical of me to say no, i would never chance the stuff if i had known, because i did know. Everyone knows. One of the problems is when you do that, you try to control everything, then you create opposition and disoh dense everywhere. If you tell all artists they have to paint the same way, and one artist says i want to paint another way you made him into a if we want to talk about it and the populace agrees its something that we should subsidize put it on the Balance Sheet and make it clear and make it evident and make everybody aware of how much its costing. When you deliver it through these third party enterprises, fannie mae and freddie mac, when you deliver the isntcy did i through a Public Company with private shareholders and executives who can extract a lot of that subsidy for themselves, that is not a very good way of subsidizing home ownership. Washington journal continues. Host joining us from the brookings institution, Elizabeth Kneebone. Good morning. Guest good morning. Host you took a recent look at poverty. What kind of drove this report . Why did you look into it . Guest for the past several years at brookings we have been studying the shifting policy in the u. S. Within our 100 largest metro areas, we seen a real pivotal shift in where poverty is located, for the first time in 2000 we passed a Tipping Point where there are more poor living in suburbs in these regions. The latest report was a deeper look at that. Whats happening at the neighborhood level, and in that report the numbers show not only is poverty becoming more regional, becoming more suburban, its becoming more concentrated. Once again there are more poor People Living in high poverty or distressed neighborhoods than at the beginning of the decade and more of those anybody or hoods are emerging in communities that have not been home to such high levels of poverty. Host why suburban regions . Why is it happening there . Guest a number of reasons have worked together to drive this increase in policy in recent years. You have shifts in these regions in terms of where populations were. You have shifts in Housing Market, where Affordable Housing is located, can help shape these trends. It may be Housing Stock in suburbs aged into affordability. Maybe it once affordable at one time but has become more attainable. In some region there are Housing Price pressures that are causing people to look for more affordable options. We have the impact of the housing crisis, about three quarters of the sub prime loaned happened in the suburbs. And about three quarters of foreclosures have happened in those communities. And then you have the economic impact, as well. We see recent jobs shifting towards suburbs over time, some of the most retail, construction, lower paying occupations, and also ones that were hit hard in the most recent rescission. Host so is poverty different in the suburban level rather than the urban area . How do people adjust and adapt with it . Guest it can be really diverse range of experiences, because suburbs themselves we tend to think about them as one kind of place bul they are a diverse mix of communities. In some places, suburban poverty is more hidden. It can be difficult for local leaders, for Community Members to understand the level of need that these places are experiencing today because its not as visible. A lot of these communities they havent built up the same sort of infrastructure and services, support, that cities have built up over decades. With this rapid growth, it can create a lot of additional challenges for lowincome people who may not have access to Emergency Services or safety net supports that they need, things like Public Transportation and ways to get to jobs and services elsewhere in the region. Host as far as the areas affected are there certain areas of the country that were more affected than others . Guest what has been so striking is almost every metropolitan area saw population growth. A lot of different kinds of suburbs. We have older places struggling with poverty for longer have higher concentrations of poverty, as well. Its really been a widespread and widely shared challenge and growing in recent years. Host the impact of growth of poverty in urban areas. If you want to ask a question, maybe you can relate experiences that you have been involved with. Here is your chance to do so. 202 5853881 for republicans. 202 5853880 for democrats. 202 5853882 for independence. You can send us tweets at journal. Org. People in those distressed neighborhoods growing. The nations 100 largest metro areas, some of 70 of all distressed locations growing by 21 . Talk about that last element. If were seeing the growth of poverty in the suburban areas, what about elsewhere, what are we seeing . Guest thats the thing, the growth of poverty has touched all kinds of places, suburban communities, rural communities, suburbs became growth to the fast eest growth. This is something that is typically been seen as an urban thing, and its true the majority of distressed neighborhoods have been in cities and continue to be in cities. Were seeing this emerging of concentrated poverty beyond urban cores, in new places that have less experience with those challenges, especially in urban communities. The number of suburban poor living in distressed communities is 40 or higher, that population grew by 139 in the span of a decade, very rapid increase. When we look to the 20 threshold of poverty, which is where we start to see the challenges of concentrated poverty eemergency, we saw a doubling of the suburban poor population. Host again, for our guests, questions welcome. My apologies, the lines are different. You posted a recent column, taking a look at ferguson missouri, and issues with suburban policy. Talk about that, and what did you find . Guest looking at ferguson, in many ways its very typical of the types of trends weve been seeing nationally. If anything, its the trends are more pronounced within ferguson than we seen on the national average. Between 2000 and 2008, im sorry, between 2000 and 2012 period, over the span of a decade, the poor population in ferguson doubled. That concentration of poverty i was talking about also became more pronounced in the region. In fact, in 2000, the neighborhood within ferguson none of those met that 20 threshold that we were talking about. By the end of the decade, almost every neighborhood was at the 20 level or above. So very rapid economic shifts within a very short amount of time. Host do you see any correlation between those situations economically and what you see as far as on the streets of ferguson . I know it deals with specific case of mike brown, but are they underlying issues when it comes to economics . Guest i think there are challenges we see that weve also my colleague have seen in communities across the country that are experiencing this rapid type of shift, which is the community has changed a great deal, in a short amount of time. But those changes havent been reflected in the Leadership Structure of the community. The elected officials, the police force dont really reflect the rapid shift. And i think thats something that a lot of communities around the country are experiencing, and cannot always, but it can create tensions in terms of dealing with the challenges that are emerging in these communities. Host to your calls, taking a look at the impact of the growth of poverty in suburban areas. Democrats line, youre up first. Youre on with Elizabeth Kneebone of brookings institution. Caller good morning. The poverty situation, especially with the Senior Citizens, i think the Senior Citizens are charged way too much for rent and i feel like the ferguson situation, i think whats going on, its a different subject, but whats going on in iraq host lets keep to your initial comments of Social Security issues and things like that. Elizabeth kneebone. Guest i think the issue of the aging population is a very important piece of this puzzle. Because its not as we see, thats something that happened across age groups. So there are growing share of the elderly poor living in suburban communities that now these places are struggling with issues about how to help people age in place where they dont necessarily have infrastructure like public transit, the Safety Net Services and support for an aging and low income population. There are a lot of challenges around how to provide more Affordable Housing options. Thats a growing challenge in a lot of places guest there is a great overlap where weve seen suburban poverty overall so places hit hard by the recession in particular, because this trend accelerated following the downturn so theres a lot of overlap with Regional Economic trends. Host taray from maryland. Go ahead, please. Caller i just want to say im excited by studying the demographic shifts. One thing im not sure the naturalist took into consideration is that they are pressured in urban centers where lowincome and working class people are being forcibly dislocated or forcibly relocated out into the periphery of urban centers or into the suburbs. And the interest is to really bring suburban folks back because of disposable income. I think, one, you might see this democratic shift because of demographic shift because of that factor. And i think poverty has been concentrated a long time so certainly it might be a new phenomenon to have poverty concentrated in suburban locales but, you know, the important thing is to look at what are the underpinnings of concentrated poverty. Why is it sort of persistent, right, no matter where it moves. Where it moves is interesting. The thing about ferguson, and im a former Police Officer as well and academic in anthropology. But the thing about ferguson is were going to experience a sort of increased exponential increase of incidents like what happened in ferguson because you have these Police Forces in these suburbanlike bedroom communities that are having these locations and arent prepared to deal with that on top of the fact there is the longterm racism thats been sort of unmitigated and just continues. Host before you leave, and well talk about your points, hats the situation in hyattsville, maryland . Can you see Something Like that happening there . I used to live in landover, maryland, but the metropolitan d. C. Area is going through the same sort of shift so what you have is a lot of working class and lowincome people being forced to be removed from washington, d. C. Proper, and theyre coming out into the suburbs. There is in fact well, theres no evidence of an increase in crime. But the perception is that hese areas are now being inundated with people with criminal behaviors. Thats not me tembings d out in evidence but it is there and the stereotypes we have. Guest a lot of good points there that ill speak to in the order they were raised. One, the Housing Market shifts that may be contributing to these trends, particularly in certain markets like the washington, d. C. Area, the san rancisco bay area, new york, boston, where weve even Housing Price pressures increasing and the shortage of Affordable Housing. That definitely factors into these trends as low income and moderate income residents are looking for affordable places to live and may have to look further out into the region. While the piece of the puzzle, the magnitude of these trends, the large pace of growth weve seen and shifts that weve seen says that theres more to the story than just that. That there are a lot of larger factors woven together to help explain these increases in poverty. And i think thats absolutely right. The d. C. Area is also very typical of the trends weve seen nationally in terms of the growth of poverty in the suburbs. In terms of the persistence of concentrated poverty, i think actually did we make progress against concentrated poverty. We saw the number of distressed neighborhoods decline, the number of poor living in such neighborhoods fell, so there really was progress. But that happened in an era there was a tight labor market, an economy that was booming and actually reached down the economic ladder. And we also had targeted policies in place to try to deconcentrate poverty. So counteracting decades of other policies that helped to concentrate poverty, for instance, in Public Housing that was very concentrated in high poverty neighborhoods so the introduction of housing choice vouchers and other policies to try and deconcentrate poverty, and those things together with the tight economy really helped to make progress against those trends. The thing is as soon as we entered the 2000s, we entered recession and quickly lost progress so when you look over the length of the decade after two recessions to two uneven recoveries that did not reach down the economic ladder, we erased a lot of the progress we made in the 1990s. Host in new york, craig is up next. Hello. Hi, how are you doing . The thing i dont understand is to relocate people, i dont understand what good that does. Ive seen many, many relocations over the years. I used to have a place in florida, you know, ive lived up here for many, many years. It just seems that youre moving the problem to somewhere else. Its not helping the people. It seems to me if you take a place like the bronx and totally tear it down and make nice apartments for these people, you give people and they have their own businesses and they are predominantly black for the police force, if you did that and you gave themselves the sense of pride and you made schools and you geared those schools to the problems that these children are having and giving them a better education and focusing in on what they really need, wouldnt that be a better suggestion and a better use of the money where people where they would actually move up and do better . Instead of taking one place over here, where youre putting it into another area but youre not solving the problem for these people. Host craig, thanks. Guest first off, i think its important when we talk about these trends, it often is easy to talk about people who are moving in or moving out, the fact this is about movement. And again, that is a piece of the puzzle. We have seen those dynamics at play. But there is also a larger story here about a downward economic mobility, that there are a number of people because of the impact of two recessions and structural changes in the economy that has seen the rapid growth of lower paying jobs, jobs that even if youre working full time wouldnt get a family above the poverty line. Those also those dynamics also are at play which mean a lot of people have become poorer in place so the rise of suburban poverty is not just about low income people relocating to these communities but about longterm residents becoming poorer over time which raises challenges about how you meet the level of need that places are seeing that have not typically dealt with these challenges. To the callers point about the need to have more integrated and better targeted services in terms of making sure lowincome neighborhoods and populations have access to quality education, to good jobs, to safe housing, all of those are very important pieces in neighborhoods and communities where weve seen more innovative and effective responses to these trends, it really has been about linking together those types of strategies to improve opportunities for people to become more economically stable and selfsufficient over time. Host the number to call to discuss the impact of suburban 3880. , 2025853 off twitter, she says if children are born into poverty, there is a little chance of them getting out. Is that the case . We have seen research at harvard and others that have shown that were not as economically mobile and socially mobile a society as i think we tend to perceive ourselves. Host which means what . Guest the ability if youre born in a poor family to get in the top part of the income distribution, that your chances arent as good as parts of other western countries or the developed world. There is an issue. It comes back to where you were born and raised, that place really does matter in determining how mobile you are over time. Socially and economically. Thats also why theres a real concern about the growth of concentrated poverty because research has shown the more segregated regions are by income and race, the less mobile residents are, and not even just of poor neighborhoods, anyone in that region shows a lower level of mobility over time. These are not just challenges facing the lowincome people in the communities affected by them but the broader regions they live and are located. Host east chicago, indiana is where rosa is. Hi. Caller hi. Wanted to ask her about how she felt maybe technological changes, impacts to the economy, more International Host rosa, go ahead, keep going. Caller ask her about how the market has changed now and how it affects our economy here. Guest thats a great question and really an important piece of the instruction are the structural changes weve seen with globalization and the rise of technology that weve seen sort of a decline in the number of middlewage jobs we have especially with the decline of manufacturing and a shift towards more servicesector, lowerpaying occupations that even in the recovery as we look now, were adding jobs, its clear we need to think beyond the number of jobs and actually what kind of jobs were creating because weve seen a rapid pace of growth in jobs that pay low wages even if someone is working full time, wouldnt necessarily be enough to get them above the poverty line. That means even as we go in economic recovery that we wont necessarily see improvement in these trends if we arent creating Economic Opportunities that can reach down the ladder and allow people to pass out of poverty. Host we showed areas of the country dealing with suburban policy, are there areas that have improved their situation where people are becoming at least the numbers of poverty are decreasing . Guest so the impact of the recession really erased a lot of the progress. Some regions were able in the early 2000s to make progress against poverty. But by and large, almost every area of the story is one of growing poverty. Again, because of the recovery weve seen since the Great Recession has been so uneven and hasnt really reached down to the lower income residents in this country, weve yet to see Real Progress against poverty since the recession, sort of stuck at post recession highs. So as the recovery continues, well eventually begin to see some improvements but its been a very slow process for regions so far. Host bud is up next for indiana. Make sure your tv is turned down, by the way, if you havent. Caller my question for you, elizabeth, have you ever lived in poverty . Until youve lived in poverty, you really dont know what poverty is. Poverty is increasing in this country every year. Do you know how many children every morning come to School Without a breakfast . Every morning theres thousands of children coming to School Without a breakfast. Now, thats poverty. And theyre not getting a breakfast, either the families cant afford the food or other reasons, i dont know. But to me, you have to live in poverty to know what poverty is. And thats all i have to say. Host bud, before you go, has poverty been in your family or in your experience . Caller no, ive been really lucky. I am on a limited income, but i watch very carefully what i spend. And it seems like every year, every year the cost of living and everything goes up. Every year. And it takes more and more of my income to live. And eventually ill probably be down there in the poverty level. And i am in poverty level, i only make 22,000 a year. Thats what i live off of. Can you do that, elizabeth . Guest youre making a really good point about the impact that growing poverty has had, particularly on schoolaged children and school populations. Thats something weve seen not only in cities but suburban communities where the growth of children on free and reduced price lunch has been rapidly increasing in recent years and we find schools often grappling and struggling with that new reality particularly because theres limited safety nets and services in those communities so the school is often having to step up and theyre on the front line of trying to provide these wraparound supports like feeding children breakfast and lunch, providing things like food pantries, clothing banks, even bringing in medical and dental services so they can address the basic and primary needs of these children before they can even get to their educational goals for these children and their families. And again, thats a really difficult contact for these schools because the budgets havent kept pace and are using limited resources to stretch and create these wraparound opportunities to address the growing poverty in their community. Host he brings up a good point, what defines poverty in the u. S. . Guest the federal poverty line in 2012 was roughly 23,500 for a family of four. So it is something that adjusts based on your family size. But it does not adjust based on cost of living across different regions so its the same measure nationally. Host youre saying people in those suburban levels are living at that level of income . Guest thats right. In fact, when we look across urban and suburban communities, a similar share is living below half the poverty line so more than 40 of the poor in both cities and suburbs are living below half that level. Host is there a point where elements that, because people are living in poverty, they did it because maybe they bought a house that was too big or lost their job and there was contributing factors and especially during the housing crisis and things like that, how does that factor in peoples situations . Guest in recent years as weve seen people slip in poverty maybe for the first time, the stories you hear often about major setback that set them tumbling, whether it was massive medical bills they werent able to go back to work they were working before, they lost their house, house was under water after the foreclosure crisis. So often they may have been making it before even just a few years ago but that one crisis was all it took to then send them below the poverty line. Host our guest, Elizabeth Kneebone from the brookings institution. How are you doing this morning, mike . Caller i think what is happening is the effect of neoconconservatives and whenever you have a country with deregulations and no tariffs and embraces open markets, what it does is causes well, Alexander Hamilton was thoroughly against such ideas and this country thrived for 200 years and after world war i to ronald reagan, we had the strongest middle class on the history of the planet and the top 1 paid 90 of the tax burden in this country and weve got other problems like nafta which opened up the gateway for every corporation and contractors to hire cheaper labor from across the border and put americans out of work. I myself am a journeyman carpenter and build houses all over california. I built probably 1,000 houses almost in just the santa cruz area and hollister and the Central Coast area in california. I used to make anywhere from 50,000 to 60,000 a year. And you know, ive been out of work for almost 10 years now. The same guy that is doing my job right now is making minimum wage and he doesnt know english and is being exploited by the top americans, even 1 , even steven Ranch Company in california, the union is gone, and their total employment there is all illegal aliens. Host thanks, caller. Guest i think there definitely are mechanisms and levers the federal government can pull to address these issues and that are becoming increasingly important as we look at the shifts that have been happening in the economy, the impact of the recession, the growth of lowwage work and that there are the types of policies that the federal government is actually in a good place and role to play. So in things like tax policy, we know things like the earned income tax credit make a big difference in hoping to boost the pay of low income workers and has a measurable effect in alleviating poverty. There are proposals on the hill right now to increase the eitc particularly for workers without children who really get a very small benefit at this point and its not playing the same sort of antipoverty effect it could or has played for families with children. So that sort of federal tax policy is an area where the federal government can step in and actually help ameliorate these trends and weve seen the growth of minimum wage discussions and campaigns across cities and states that are trying to grapple with these issues within their communities and the federal government could play a role in that debate as well, actually helping across the nation to raise that level and increase the takehome pay. Host we talked about ferguson, missouri and your research produced a map of the area in light of others in st. Louis county, what are we looking at from that map, the information, what does it tell us . Guest thats showing the poverty in st. Louis county and the concentrations of poverty in higher poverty neighborhoods. So again, within ferguson, these are census track level data, and we know that in 2000, within fergusons borders, the census track had poverty rates between 4 and 16 . A decade later, every neighborhood within ferguson had doubledigit poverty rates. The lowest was 13 . The rest of the communities or rest of the neighborhoods within that community ranged from 20 to 30 poverty rates. Again, its showing within ferguson and other parts of st. Louis county, theyre really grappling with these trends. Host the map shows us one thing. Lets get a perspective from Jeffrey Smith, a former Missouri State senator and also teaches urban policy at the new school, professor smith, good morning. Guest good morning. Thanks for having me. We saw the map and know the locations but talk about ferguson and surrounding areas and for people who especially dont live there, talk about specific areas of that area that might be interesting to note as far as ferguson and other areas surrounding it, their economic picture and situation. Guest ok. O ferguson is in sort of North Central st. Louis county, north county as a whole has experienced sweeping demographic change over the course of the last 20 years. Many of the listeners probably seen statistics showing fergusons change, about 20 years ago it was about 3 4 white and now its nearly 70 ack and that change is not atypical throughout north st. Louis county. Theres been a foreclosure epidemic in north county. A lot of the suburbs just to the south and east, particularly to the east of ferguson has really, really struggled over the last couple decades. Its an area ferguson proper doesnt look like most of what eople have seen. And it doesnt give a picture. Most of ferguson is a single family, working class, sort of trapped homes, suburban style ranch houses, three bed, two bath, just sort of regular looking houses. Theres a very affluent part of ferguson which is leafy, kind of turn of the century mansions. But the part weve been looking at is one of the proper parts of ferguson. I would say ferguson itself is a microcosm of suburban st. Louis because its got a little bit of everything in it. Host as far as the economic picture, what events led up to the current economic picture . Guest first of all, youve had the defamation of the auto manufacturing sector. St. A lot of people know louis was the second leading Manufacturing Center in the country to detroit and have lost a ton of jobs in that sector. And a lot of the jobs were just north of ferguson in a town called hazelwood, so thats really hurt the ferguson area a lot. And they also lost a lot of Corporate Headquarters in the last couple decades and that obviously hasnt helped and ferguson is also right next door to the airport. The airport is another institution thats really struggled. T. W. A. , you know, went into bankruptcy and then ended up getting bought by american and used to have a hub in st. Louis. But then with the absorbs absorption into american, its not as central. St. Louis isnt as central a player in the airline business. Southwest, fortunately, has grown but the airport just in general hasnt done what people hoped it would do. They built an extra runway, and this is kind of an interesting story, and its part of the noise mitigation, they emptied out a town called kenlock which is adjacent to the airport and many of those kenlock residents were poor and ended up moving to ferguson, and there have been Public Policies that have affected movements, population movements into ferguson that produced some of the Economic Conditions and frustration weve witnessed the last couple weeks. Host our guest here was talking about mobility, the ability to move other places for better opportunity. Whats the situation there in ferguson as far as mobility is concerned and the ability to do so . Well, in terms of moving, a lot of the movement in and out of ferguson, im not sure you would call it voluntary because, as i said, foreclosures have been pervasive in that part of north county and in adjacent towns in north county. A lot of people have been moving involuntarily. There has been some new Economic Development in the a a, express cripts which is pharmacy benefits Management Firm has created thousands of jobs in a headquarter adjacent to ferguson, so there have been some Economic Opportunities. You know, people shouldnt paint the picture this is a destitute area. But for the most part, as i said, struggling, working class folks and a lot of stability in the middle class and affluent parts of ferguson and a lot of instability in the poorest parts that weve seen and heard about. Host as far as the jobs are concerned, what are the Job Opportunities like and the salaries people are making . Guest at expressscripts, its pretty good. The World Headquarters is there and there are jobs particularly for people with science backgrounds that are good, solid, family supporting jobs. Unfortunately, i dont think most of those people taking those jobs are moving to ferguson. Its an area where the white population is much older, because of the demographic change there, there arent many young white families moving into ferguson and that helps explain the power differentials as well, because if youre under 18 years old, you cant vote and the youth population in ferguson is mostly black. Also, if youre 1830, youre less likely to vote than people over 55. And so when people look at these demographic numbers and say oh, ferguson is 67 black, why are there no black people on the city council . One reason why is because just voting turnout trends around the country, you know, suggest that older people much more likely to turn out and since the white population of ferguson is so much older than the black population, that helps explain some of what some of this power disparate. Host if trends continue as you see them, professor smith, whats the future of ferguson . Guest i hate to say this, and you know, its been interesting to watch over the last couple days as this i love Ferguson Movement has kind of hit the more affluent and generally whiter parts of town, people putting up yard signs sort of suggesting theyre not going anywhere, but my gut is that this will this episode will only accelerate the trend of white flight out of ferguson to suburbs mostly west of ferguson like bridgeton and the adjacent county, st. Charles county. So my yeah, my gut is that the 2020 census, well probably see another significant increase in the black population relative to the white population in ferguson. But thats just based on, you know, on both past trends and the unfortunate reality that a lot of white people in st. Louis are watching this saying oh, my gosh, i dont want to be anywhere near this. Host professor Jeffrey Smith at the new school and also a former Missouri State senator and wrote a couple pieces on ferguson and whats been going on there. Professor smith, thanks for your time. Guest thanks very much for having me on. Host Elizabeth Kneebone, anything from his comments that struck you . Guest sort of the last point he was talking about, about the continued white flight. Thats something were seeing in older regions as well, something that we originally saw in the urban areas but the suburbs further out, land use patterns and zoning make a difference in shaping trends and as new housing keeps being built further out and opening up opportunities for higher come residents to move out you may see this region of concentrated pockets of people of color, poverty, sort of recreating some of the challenges weve seen in cities in these entering suburbs. There are policy and zoning and land use mechanisms you could put in place to try and encourage the creation of more mixed income, stable communities so we dont see the sort of tipping and increase entrenched poverty. Host talk about the impact of suburban policy, looking at ferguson but we appreciate your calls as well, 2025853880. For those in the eastern and central time zones 5853881 and in the mountain and pacific time zones, we appreciate you holding on, especially gary, connorsville, illinois, thanks for holding on. Good morning. Caller i just want to point something out here thats real important. I think it gets overlooked quite a bit. And the fact that a lot of people arent born with the same intellectual skill set, like when i was in school, those guys are barely cracking books and bringing straight as