Transcripts For CSPAN Washington Journal 20130407

on wednesday. good morning, it is sunday, april 7, back to work week for congress and senate lawmakers will return after a two-week easter/passover recess. ahead, your calls and comments on the budget. our phone lines are open and you can join us on social media. we are also taking your comments on facebook or send us an e-mail or send us a tweet. let's begin with the debate over the budget and stories on this sunday morning beginning with " the christian science monitor." that story this morning from "the christian science monitor." we will share with you on the of thee of cti, part president's plan. on our facebook page, some of you are already waiting in. press secretary j. carter was asked about details on the budget plan friday. [video clip] ." thech >> king of revenue, president has this inflation adjustment proposal in this plan. time and again, the president said he would not raise taxes on the middle class. one of the fact of the so-called chain cpi adjustment is that it takes people into higher tax brackets faster. that is an impact on the middle class. isn't that an increase on middle class? >> this is a technical adjustment to the so-called cpi. it has been advocated by mcconnells, mitch asked for it during the negotiations over these budget issues. the offer that the president made to speaker john boehner which is incorporated in the president's budget is not the president's ideal approach to our budget challenges. compromise serious proposition that demonstrates that he wants to get things done, that he believes that we in washington should do the business of the american people by coming together and finding common ground. what his budget will prove is that you can do this. you can deal with our deficits without gutting programs that help the middle class or seniors and without slashing investments at airports and roads and highways and schools that we need to help our economy grow, not just next year, but from 10 in 20 years from now, without eliminating investments or cutting investment and innovative research and development, whether it is medical or technological research that help our economy grow and help improve the health of our citizens. the proposition the president will put forward on wednesday. he believes that there is an together asto come a nation, come together with republicans and democrats in washington, and get this done for the american people, for the middle class. that host: was from friday. morninghe story this from "bloomberg business week." we're taking your calls and comments and we have a call from illinois. caller: good morning, i don't know how long it will take the to wake up and realize that the system we have right now needs to be changed, this whole congress and senate is basically owned by the corporations. we don't have a democracy when you have a lobby system where major corporations are funding the politicians and they get to wake up and realize they want done. the stock market is back up to its highest levels yet everybody in the country is still broken. there are no jobs for regular people. the price of everything is ridiculous. they have put little bit -- little businesses out of business over the years and now these corporations are raking in billions because the price of ridiculousis totally and nobody can afford to buy anything. nobody can afford to buy anything. ridiculous and nobody can afford to buy anything. you brought up an issue that i want tohost: draw to our audience's attention. can you stay with us? this they want is the front pagf " the new york times" - when you see that story, what is your reaction? caller: again, i was watching pbs the couple of days ago, i think it was bill moyers, and they had an expos about a color -- a carnival, the carnival cruise lines. they did $30 billion worth of business one year and paid 6/10 of 1% in taxes. it is out of control, the congress and the sudden need to go. we need a revolution in this country and indeed it now and we will not get anything text as long as we keep putting fox is in charge of the chicken coop. host: from twitter -- bell is joining us on the republican line from massachusetts -- caller: good morning. i have a comment on budgets and general. i believe this next year to cspan is 35 years old. that has been living with in a set inthat had been 1979. in those 35 years, cspan has lived within that budget and increased services, quality has not suffered, it has been enhanced. brian lamb and his team should take over this government and show them how it is done. i will talk to you again and 30 days but you do a great job. you have lived within your budget that was set 35 years ago. that is outstanding. host: we appreciate you being a loyal viewers. back to your calls and comments on the president's budget and its headline from "the hill" is paper. newspaper. from eric hearing cantor who has plans to deal with raising the debt hike. can read more details on line. our fault lines are open and the numbers are on your screen. the question we are asking -- the president's budget details are coming out wednesday but already, the white house is discussing the plan. dennis from kent, ohio, independent line, good morning. caller: thank you for taking my call. but i several comments will focus most directly on the entitlement cuts. and increasing taxes. i would like to tie that to the 41 k programs as they currently exist in our country. programs have401k investors, employees of invest their money into mutual funds or, in other words, the stock market, which is variable. i think the president and congress would be wise to consider increasing the fica attack for social security 1% or 2%. that would make the program solvent. plansin mind that the 401k also have a match of 3% or 4% or whatever the employer decides. typically, most retirement planners recommend employees to invest 6%. our whole nation would be far more secure if they would invest a good portion of that 6% into an increased fica tax and if you did the numbers and multiplied this out, you would find out that social security would be very, very much sustainable for the long term if they would only increase its1, or 2, 0r 3%. is so variablet and volatile and people cannot really count on past performance being future results. host: let's go back to the article we referred to -- that have line from "bloomberg business week." publicyan disclosed in firings that his retirement held $87.4 million. disclosed in public. this is from twitter -- in the republican response to the president's address, former senator and now governor brownback of kansas had this to say -- [video clip] >> you don't change america by changing washington. you change america by changing to the states. that is exactly what republican governors are doing across the country, taking a different approach to grow their states' economies and fix their governments with ideas that work. it involves a more focused government that costs less. it is a tax structure that encourages growth and education system that preserves is measurable results and a renewed focus on the incredible dignity of each and every person no matter who they are. the year i became governor, the bank.was $876 in the less than $1000. a projected $5 million deficit. two years later, we had a $500 million ending balance. we did it without tax increases. to make that financial turnaround of reality, we do not cut state funding to schools. we do not cut funding for our universities and colleges. we do not cut funding for our medicaid system. we do not cut funding for our prisons. we did consolidate agencies. we cut overhead costs. we operated a voluntary retirement buyout for state employees and illuminated outdated programs. we reformed our state's medicaid system to save $1 billion over five years while at the same time we expanded health care services for our neediest kansans. we found ways to reduce the cost of running state government while increasing our investments in key areas like research in aviation, agriculture, and medicine. we reduce the number of state employees and increased the number of students taking technical education courses, which will help them prepare for a future with a better paying job. host: sam brownback in the republican response. michael scheer writing this morning -- on friday, the speaker of the house issued a statement in response to the president's budget. here is a portion of what he said. that was a reference to the plan put on the table last december. the white house officials say that he was taking a page from the plan and putting forth this new proposal. cq weekly has a piece on this -- weekly. q th on our line from democrats. good morning. caller: good morning. i would like to say that if you have money and united states money that has been made by ,eople in general, the labor and if corporations and rich of the country do not want to pay their taxes, they should have to leave the country or pay their taxes. is corporations as well as the rich in the united states. if they want me to pay my taxes , i doduce social security not know how many more acts they will go through. we should have a poor people's campaign come to washington dc and put them all out and let the people take over the government. thank you. host: leanne, thank you for the call from north carolina. thank you for the call from north carolina. here's the cover from cq weekly -- , there iswitter page this from joseph ramirez -- john joins us from jackson new jersey -- jackson, new jersey. as the president prepares his budget this week, good morning. caller: good morning. we have all these comments and so forth about the budget and so forth, and one solution that i --e not heard any politician it is a solution that could cure a lot of problems -- that is term limits. --m limits for all elect elected officials in this country. that would solve many of the problems. as a matter of fact, it would stop the situation of these fat cats the system drive. this is our biggest problem. with budgets and everything else. it is the self gratification, it's got to end. host: this from abc news -- the president using his weekly address to outline the blueprint for his plans. here is more from the address. [video clip] to keep rebuilding this economy on sturdier ground for growth, we have to make smarter choices. this week, i will send a budget to congress that will help do just that, a fiscally responsible blueprint for middle-class jobs and growth. , an argument in washington has raged between reducing our deficit at all costs and making the investments we need to grow our economy. my budget puts the argument to rest. we do not have to choose between the goals. we can dooth. after all, as we saw in the 1990s, nothing reduces deficits faster and a growing economy. i budget will reduce our deficits, not with aimless spending cuts that hurt students and middle-class families, through the balanced approach that the american people prefer and the investments of growing -- growing economy demands. the truth is our deficits are already shrinking. that is a fact. i have artie signed more than $2.5 trillion in deficit reduction into law. my budget will reduce our deficits by nearly two dollars trillion more without hurting the recovery. that surpasses the goal of two that many $4 thatmists -- $4 trillion many economists believe will put us on stable footing. we will close loopholes like the one that allow billionaire to pay a lower tax rate than his or her secretary. this is the compromise i offer the speaker of the house at the end of last year. while it is not my ideal plan to reduce the deficit, it is a compromise i'm willing to accept in order to move beyond a cycle of short term, crisis driven decision-making. we need to focus on growing our middle-class and economy for the long run. it includes many ideas that republicans said they could accept. it is a way we can make progress together. deficit reduction cannot come at the cost of economic growth or middle-class security. it does not have to. my budget will make critical investments to grow the economy, create jobs, and strengthen the middle class. host: the president in his weekly address, outlining the elements of his spending plan. one of our viewers says this on twitter -- our republican joining us from louisiana. caller: i would like to say this -- obama is going to cut social security, and i know they are going to do that. he has all the mexicans coming in. they want food stamps. they are going to get social security. united states people will support them. this is a nation in crisis. we've got a meltdown of money. government, and religioin. ion.on -- relig the things he is done to the united states is not right. he will have a green energy things set up, and he is not going to let people work. people could all be working now if it was not for his regulations. thank you. host: thanks for the call. we will be talking about all these issues with our sunday roundtable. meanwhile, the huffington post has more on some democratic opposition to the president spending blueprint. the story is available on huffingtonpost.com. again, some opposition from the left on the president spending plan. paul joins us from chesapeake, virginia. good morning. caller: yes sir. what i would like to say is that i just spoke with a financial advisor recently. the individual retirement accounts are ridiculous. my family and i have a good retirement system set up and we are not retired yet. pretty fortunate that we do have a good retirement system. however, our financial advisor told us that at this point in time i'm a we would be pproximately $1.2 million -- need $1.2 million to get through retirement. i can imagine what it would be like for somebody aged 25. it will be about $3 million for them. thesehe president retirement accounts, what will happen to future generations? host: the would be at $3 million and above. be at $3 would million and above. the white house is saying that it is within reason about what people can expect for $3irement, and those above million would not benefit from the tax code. ok.er: still there would be a a $3 million. of $3 million. let's go to bernie joining us from new york. good morning. good morning. i would like to suggest that the president is in his final term. incidentally, i do believe that for limits, one term everybody, whatever that limit is should be enforced. we would remove a lot of money out of politics. gettingesident, he is heat from the left and the right based on his latest proposal, as you indicated. i am a republican. let him do whatever he wants to do. he wants tohatever do, whatever he thinks is best. the country will then benefit from it, or it will not benefit from it. that is the way life is. i encourage the president to .isten to himself he is the president. let him do what he wants. -- host: the call thanks for the call. here's the statement from john boehner -- ray is joining us from waco, texas, on the democrats line. good morning. guy that called the for me, he said it perfect. let the president do what he needs to do, and if the country benefits, do what he said. the republicans need to letrstand that they need to forpresident make this tax rich people, regulations on wall street, it is the only way the country is going to move forward. when you've got so much stuff coming into the country and you -- regulateted it, jobs are going to move away. host: this on our twitter page -- one member of congress who is not expected to be back this week, senator frank lautenberg. the story from politico is available on politico.com. will not return to capitol hill next week and it is not clear, if ever, he will be back. democrats in new jersey and in washington are watching the moves of the retiring 89-year- old senator closely because if he does not return, it could affect the balance of power in the chamber were democrats hold a 55-45 majority. the senator has been plagued with a number of health issues recently. he has been absent much of the year, including a marathon series of votes just before donruss adjourned. -- congress adjourned. ontenberg did not make clear any return date. he said, "i regret i will not be returning to washington next week as i continue treatment and recuperation from muscle weaknesses and fatigue yuriko -- fatigue." his return remains unclear, the story from politico.com. next is marked joining us from howard beach, new york, on the independent line. good morning. thank you for having me on your show. i saw the budget proposal from president obama. i thought that even though it might not be perfect, the proposal is definitely balanced. from the actual voucher program that republicans are offering. on theet's go to matt republican line. caller: good morning emma c- span. c-span.ng, art of the problem is the media coverage. are not shapedns with information. they are shaped with how politicians want them shaped. mitt romneye about cutting some kids hair in high school then about how the president put his budget out and did not get any votes. as far as the paul ryan budget, it is a fantasy. but the fantasy is talked about more than president obama's budget proposals. as far as what we can do about it, the gentleman said earlier that it has to happen at the state level. i think aside from term limits, the best idea that i have seen -- there was a gentleman working a facebook campaign, , theg to change the law law that pertains to politicians needing to be in washington to cast a vote. they wanted to allow electronic voting so that these people would not have an excuse to hunker down in washington and get corrupted. they would be in their home districts and accountable. they have to see the people. it keeps them out of the culture of washington. i think that is the problem. host: ok, thanks for the call. the washington times writing on the jobs numbers come indicating that the u.s. economy created about 88,000 jobs. the headline -- related story from inside the washington post -- u.s. labor department reporting that the u.s. labor force, everybody that has a job or is looking for one, shrink by 500,000 people in march. rick is joining us from charlotte, north carolina, our line for democrats. good morning. caller: good morning. good morning, america. we are in the same situation again. -- here we are with the same situation, republican still do not want to help the president -- the country is changing. we also have to look at the supreme court. the country is changing. the supreme court must see that. mr. john boehner must also change. what is it about these taxes? this country is so great, it should be able to take care of so much discourage people when things are bad. from thanks for the call north carolina. a lot of you weighing in on our facebook page. you can join us at facebook.com/c-span. this from barbara -- darlene is joining us, independent line, cleveland, ohio. the president outlining his budget plan. it does include some proposed entitlement cuts, tax increases for wealthier americans. what do you think? i have a couple of points. -- caller: i have a couple of points. i wish obama would promote this country including its stocks and investments and its people. in ohio, we have a tier three program and unemployment. when that stops, the unemployed no longer receive any money. they are on their own. , i found out recently that -- the ceo -- he was told not to hire anyone. if you look in the stores, they are in need of help. one last thing. if we could stop spending our money on foreign governments and their politicians, that would be even greater. we also should learn urban economics 101. when people get paid, everyone gets paid. host: this is from one of our viewers saying the same thing -- house and senate returning to washington this week following a two-week spring recess. isnt and center this week the budget debate. presidential politics, the subject of maureen dowd's story in the new york times -- maureen dowd's column inside the new york times. we will talk about politics coming up in the sunday we -- sunday roundtable. this morning, from "the weekly standard." v joins us from indiana, the republican line. , i wouldike others like term limits. i think it is very important. not only term limits, but cut the pork out of them to. get some people in their -- there that are not in there for the money. cut this foreign spending. cut the white house spending. quit yelling at the rich people and get on with the job. he keeps talking about cutting the rich. he is rich himself. i hear more and more about jobs, jobs, like it was during the election. now that he is in, i do not hear much about jobs anymore. host: thanks for the call. from one of our viewers -- you can join us on our twitter page, twitter.com/c-spanwj. a couple of obituaries we want to bring you. of an this, the son influential minister committing suicide at the age of 27. the new york times writing about the death of reverend rick warren's son who had been battling depression. he is the author of the best selling book "the purpose driven life." next to that, the passing of j --id -- jay david kuo he's a former liberal democrat who turned conservative republican, moved to charlotte, north carolina, and had four children. pat joins us from huntington, west virginia, on the democrats line. caller: good morning. what is going on right now, this very hypocrisy of this supposedly liberal president, who i voted for twice, deciding that he is going to cut the income of people who can no longer go out and provide for -- it makes this statement truer than ever. our government is nothing more than a bunch of loud mouth, self-serving know it all's. know very little. they are always the loudest voice in the town square. they enrich themselves by anding -- rigging the laws regulations to favor themselves and their co-conspirators. these influential people, we call them statesmen, they collude to enforce a legal power over the rest of our community with a certain thuggish element. we call these people law enforcement. in some places, this is termed preserving the order. in others, it is keeping order in society. whatever this is, it favors the rich, the powerful, and the militaristic. this age-old scheme of bullying the rest of us and providing for is thed their comfort basic flaw throughout history. the: thanks very much for call. inside the washington post, more honest secretary of state john kerry's trip to the middle east and asia. is in israel, so traveling to the west bank. the israelising and palestinian authority to resume direct negotiations. , it would be a crowning achievement for america's engagement after of declining influence in the region. if he fails, he and the president may get some credit for trying. that was inside the washington post. on our twitter page -- call is just being joining us from illinois, and that depend -- on the independent line -- justine onning us from illinois, the independent line. caller: we will be losing money in social security. we will not even -- we will not even be keeping up with the cost of living. they have a theory if we do not have enough money to buy what we usually buy, we will buy lesser quality. , cancert sequester cuts patients can no longer get their medicine. host: we talked about that last week. caller: i cannot even believe that. when they say they are going to strengthen medicare, it scares me. host: thanks for the call. jan has this point -- you can continue the conversation on our twitter page or facebook.com/c-spanwj. , our sunday roundtable. last night, the issue of north korea and some domestic issues here in the u.s. with a reference to this network on saturday night live. here is a portion. >> next on c-span, the tensions in the korean peninsula at their highest in the years. appeared earlier today before -- nation's political euro kim jong-un appeared earlier today before the nations political bureau. hello, and a profound greetings to the citizens of the people's republic of north korea. i come before you today as your supreme leader to announce a change in state policy on two important things. , the nuclear complex that has been closed for several years will be reopened so that the glorious aspirations of the korean people for nuclear weapons will be fulfilled and our enemies chagrined and discombobulated. second, and more important, after much thoughtful consideration and soul- searching, i have decided once and for all to lift our nation's ban on same-sex marriage. [laughter] it is simply the right thing to do. [applause] host: from last night's " saturday night live." towill turn our attention politics, the return of congress, the budget debate. our sunday roundtable is john thierry and robert raven. will be joining us. sunday morning programs can be heard later today on c-span radio. nancy, good morning. >> good morning. on today's network tv talk shows, the topics will include the president's budget, immigration, and tensions on the korean peninsula. on c-span radio, we will bring you re-airs of the five programs again in at noon eastern beginning with "meet the press." guests include senator lindsey graham, democrat bill richardson, and undersecretary of defense policy michele flournoy. ," danm. on "this week pfeiffer and david stockman will appear. then chris wallace will speak with dan pfeiffer and asa hutchinson. "state of the union" will welcome connecticut governor dan malloy and jon huntsman. "face the nation," with chuck schumer and john mccain. also, former secretary of state madeleine albright. sunday talk shows are brought to you as a public service by the networks and c-span. you can listen to them all on c- inn radio on 90.1 fm washington d.c., or nationwide .n xm satellite radio or go online to c-span radio -- cspanradio.org. >> they had a very political marriage. in the halls of congress. she was always very careful to say, my husband believes this, my husband advocates that, but she herself was doing the pitch. one of her husband's opponents everhe hoped that if elected president, she would take up housekeeping. , if you-- she said are ever elected president, i will keep neither house or butter. ,> we will look at sarah polk and also her successors abigail taylor and mrs. fillmore. first ladies, live on monday night on c-span and c-span three. pan 3. washington journal continues. gentlemen, thank you for being with us. we will talk about same-sex marriage and congress returning this week. let's begin with the president 's budget. we will get more details this week. it has not only been criticized by the speaker of the house and also by the afl-cio. guest: the president is showing leadership. the budget is a message document. the president does not have a vote in the congress. it is an extremely important statement of values. what you are seeing yet again his leadership. that he's vision going to propose on wednesday, a compromise budget. he has taken speaker boehner and other republicans at their word and will reportedly be including some tinkering with medicare and social security, entitlement reform, which is allegedly the third rail on the left, but for me, it is about leadership and vision. i am excited to see it. it looks like it is going to be a reasonable package that has deficit reduction, and once again, calling on wealthier taxpayers to pay our fair share. host: this is the headline from the christian science monitor -- is that compromise? guest: we will see. the most fascinating thing is how late it came. the house and senate both acted on a budget -- this is the first time a president proposed a budget after both the house and senate opposed something. there could be a compromise. it is interesting he went down the road of entitlement reform, the short road to entitlement reform. we will see if that yield something. and say the president foreign policy leads from behind. a b this budget he is trying to lead from behind. we will see if it works out. we will see if this is the summer of compromise. the debt ceiling will come due sometime in august. it is usually hot summer trying to figure out if there is something. jobs report one friday. it was not a stellar report. even the white house admits that the job growth is not as strong as it needs to be. expectations were that the job growth needed to be between 200000 and 230,000. we gained 88,000 jobs. guest: it was definitely disappointed me -- disappointing. it was the 37th month of job growth. should feel optimistic about that. we are facing some serious headwinds with the sequester. we've got ourselves in a situation where we are looking at significant cuts in federal dollars, and people are deeply concerned that that is going to have an effect on the economy. were going to have to watch out for that. host: this in the weekly standard this morning. a huge disparity between those looking for work in those actually able to find a job. guest: it underscores the extraordinary ditch that president obama inherited. i do not know if the weekly standard has short-term memory or long-term memory, but when he took office in 2008, we had the most serious fiscal and economic crisis this nation has faced since the great depression. host: at what time does it become the president economy? the president's economy. i think the has done a great job calling on business to increase implement. we have record corporate profits in this country. the stock market is booming. what has not happened in the is that it could or should a reinvestment in the working man and putting people back to work. that is a serious problem. the president has limited control over how many workingmen and women actually hit the streets. he is doing his job. i think he is pushing corporate america. we have to come together and improve this economic situation. that: it is fascinating there is a washington or on jobs. i will not -- aura on jobs. blame.not cast you have these tax increases that kicked in at the beginning of the year, that had a direct result in slowing economic growth. you had the sequester which is made a lot of people nervous about investing. then you have other things -- 2 million clerical jobs have been lost. a lot of those people have not been rehired. 2 million people cannot find work because there is no work for them. there is the ipad. you do not have people doing things -- you go to banks, atm 's. it is a fascinating thing. i'm not sure washington has much of her spots. what they have been doing is going through austerity in a way that counteracts economic growth. guest: that is amazing to me. mostly republicans spent years and years driving down fair taxation rates on capital gains and unearned income. the wealthiest people in the country, including me, pay less and less and less of our fair ,hare, drove up the deficit and then they complain about the deficit and say we have to strangle the federal budget, which has a direct effect on employment throughout the states, and then blame it on president obama? it is incredible to me. i think we need to come together and have a more reasonable taxation system, have the wealthy pay their fair share him and get more and more men and women back to work. host: let me put another issue on the table. this is from the new york times this morning -- it was pointed out that harry nomination start moving swiftly through the senate, another round of dramatic rule changes might be in the offing. what is going on here? guest: gridlock, obviously. i think the senate democrats run the upper chamber. the senate is in control of approving those judges. be made.e to when you have an ideological gridlock, when senator reed does not really want -- reid does not really want to cut the deals that need to be cut, the fact is the senate passed a budget for the first time in four years. they have not done much under the leadership of senate democrats. there is probably blame to go around, but the fact of the matter is that you need to have a functioning legislative branch doing its job. for me to bash the senate. the senate has not been doing its job. this is one example of that. host: let me share with you this chart, from the new york times, a much slower pace. number of days a bush nominee in circuit courts were pending in the senate, 30 five days. for president obama, 100 48 days. in district courts, 35 days under george w. bush. 102 days for president obama. as we move further along, the longest trip appeals court vacancies, the seat vacated by the chief justice, john roberts, who was appointed by president bush, seven one half years that seat has been vacated. that seat has been vacated. guest: you are seeing this unprecedented obstruction in the senate. i appreciate the president has called attention to this obstruction, not just judges, but nomination generally. it is a two-part problem. the misuse of the filibuster. it reached the point where you have to have 60 votes in order to order a cup of coffee. there have to be changes in that. people have to come to their senses. the other is a concentrated effort to stop the federal judiciary, denying access to courts, making sure that environmental laws and civil rights laws are less and less enforced. this is not by accident. host: let me go back to what senator reid said it -- it's called the nuclear option. guest: the reason the senate democrats are nervous about doing that is they think that they might change the rules end, all the sudden, republicans will gain control in two short years and then look what happens. the senate is a deliberative body and it takes a long time to deliberate and the rules are there for a reason. i think that is because they serve the minority and never know when you will be in the minority. guest: i agree, this is not a partisan issue, it is a question of power. we have reached a point of inappropriateness when district court judges around the country being set on for more than one year and people need to come to their senses. host: our phone lines are open and you can join us via shall media as congress returns to washington tomorrow. the debate over same-sex marriage has been seen over the last couple of weeks and some senators have announced their support. enter bob casey joined other senators announcing their views on that. we are awaiting other senators. what is happening on this issue? guest: it feels like a roll call of "i do's." we have obviously reached a point with the american public that the idea and reality of same-sex marriage has converged. the majority of people that supported, the vast majority of people under 25 years old support it. i think we are reaching the point where it is a question of where and not whether. that said, the conservative right has done an awful job in this country. states more than 30 where there is a constitution -- constitutional ban on same-sex marriage. a majority of the people will support about the laws will prohibit it and we will have to work hard to undo those laws. host: we have not heard from two senators. guest: they are in red states. i think this is a red states/blue state bank. it will be up to the supreme court. as a republican, how significant was senator portman's announcement that his own son is openly gay and his support for same-sex marriage? guest: the interesting point was the democrats. as soon as he made that announcement, i think he is a great guy -- he had a bunch of democratic senators say that i have to get on the right side of this from their own constituents perspective unless they live in red states. it did not change john banner's mind and house republicans will not change in the short term. in their states, they hear from their districts which are largely conservative. i don't think rob portman will change other republicans but i think it will have a significant impact on democrats. indicated that when it comes to the u.s. constitution, 56% favor it on a state-by-state basis. a margin of error of 2.5%. guest: the fascinating thing is how quickly this has turned in the last four years. partywill the republican ball in 2016? if a: i don't know republican candidate will embrace same-sex marriage. it is a conservative party. guest: it is a conservative issue. it is about gays and lesbians wanting to commit and form families and live with and law and do stuff. i welcome conservative support. i think it is crucial and i think it is coming. the christian right are changing their positions as well. host: what do you think will happen? what will the court decide? guest: i don't know. only the nine justices know. they don't even talk to each other about it. we have no idea. i am cautiously optimistic that there might be some statement of on constitutionality at least on the federal level. benefit ofo the taxes and states? guest: they will save the federal government as never had a role in the state of marriage, that is a state role. i am cautiously optimistic we will see change their in a positive direction. it is clear the american public is moving in one direction on this and i and 11 -- delighted to live in a representative democracy or more officials are understanding what their kids -- constituents want. guest: i am not a supreme court exexpert. the new york times" looking at gun rights and will share with few comments from a senior official at a breakfast in a moment but let's go to ray from last vegas, democrats line, good morning. caller: 9 name is lee. host: sorry about that. caller: i want to make a comment about the budget plan, the one that edie munster came out with. it's a joke. he came up with a budget. it is a budget for the rich is what it is. my 8-year-old nephew says to me -- he says i don't know too much about this but it is all for the rich. host: you are talking about the paul ryan budget plan? aller: yes, eddie munster, that's what we call him. about thismment violence against women act. 160 republicans voted against it and even the women voted against it. how could you be a woman and voted against it? host: thanks for the call. the paul ryan budget did two things -- it did not raise taxes by $1 trillion and a balanced the budget in 10 years. from the republican standpoint, they feel comfortable that when they go back to their constituents, their constituents will be very happy that the budget balances in 10 years. it is one of their best talking points. i don't think it is for the bridge. i think it is for common growth and budget responsibility. host: the house responded to the president's budget friday -- guest: this is high charged rhetoric. in washington, compromise seems to be a dirty word. the president has put out a budget which starts with john boehner's last offer. it includes some very significant proposals that are of concern to some on the left. is about a compromise. it's focus on the rhetoric -- am much more interested in people sitting down and coming to real conversations on entitlement reforms and raving revenue in an inappropriate way. i think we will get there because i am cautiously optimistic. host: the president is saying the increases in social security could be offset or changed through the so-called chain cpi which would reduce the amount people would get in benefits. this came up friday at the white house briefing. ♪ [video clip] >> speaking of revenue, the president has this inflation adjustment proposal in this plan. time and again, the president has said he would not raise taxes on middle-class. wouldn't the affects of the so- called chain cpi take people into higher tax brackets faster? that is an impact on the middle- class. isn't that an increase on the middle class? >> this is a technical adjustment to the so-called chain cpi that has been advocated by republicans that mitch mcconnell ask for in a letter he presented during the negotiations over these budget issues. the offer that the president made to speaker john boehner and is incorporated in his budget, is not the president's ideal approach to our budget challenges. but it is a serious compromise proposition that demonstrates that he wants to get things done that he believes that we in washington should do the business of the american people by coming together and finding common ground. what his budget will prove is that you can do this. you can deal with our deficits without gutting programs that help the middle class or help seniors without slashing investments in airports and roads and highways and schools that we need to help our economy grow, not just next year, but 10 and 20 years from now, without eliminating investments or cutting investments in innovative research and development, whether it is medical, technological research that help our economy grow and help improve the health of our citizenry. that is the proposition the president put forward on wednesday. he believes that there is an opportunity now to come together as a nation, come together as republicans and democrats in washington, and get this done for the american people for the middle class. host: from friday's briefing and this headline from " the new york times" - this policeuote in from the co-chair of string"and social security" - guest: not really, it used to be. republicans ran on a pretty bold medicare reform plan and social security plan and they did not get beat this last election and the house. they kept the house. the real battle in washington is not between republicans and democrats. it's between entitlement spending and discretionary spending. discretionary spending is getting its butt kicked. if you care about veterans or anything in the budget that most people care about, they should really worry about how the entitlement keep growing and discretionary spending keeps shrinking. the cpi that the president is talking about is very modest. it will save trillions of dollars over a long period of time and most people will not recognize a because they will get slightly less in their paychecks over 40 years. it saves a lot of money. that is the least we should be doing on entitlement spending. to invest in education or other things, you really need to understand the battle but is going on in the washington budget. host: republican line, good morning -- caller: i was once a proud democrat. my first election was 1960 and that probably voted for jfk poet wonder what has happened to his party today. i would comment about the democrat and the first words out of his mouth were "fair share, "other was known as a socialism. people get to be millionaires because they work for it. 98% of the millionaires in this country worked for it, even democratic minors like bill gates and steve jobs and other people. the millionaires in this country where democrats have never worked a day in their life for their money. that is too commonplace. ted kennedy who inherited his my never worked a day in his life, a millionaire. john kerry never worked a day in his life who married two wealthy women. if you want to throw up fair share, maybe you should go after millionaires who never worked a day in their life. host: let me share some other comments, guest: i am proud of the president. i continue to be dismayed to live and work in a city in where a serious compromise proposal is treated as a negative. i think we are seeing leadership, a president who has helped us with some cooperation from congress to reduce the deficit or proposed a plan to reduce by $4 trillion in the coming years. we will have a very good and serious and hard conversation in congress in the appropriation committees about what actual spending will be. the president has taken -- will be taking an important step wednesday and i am excited. host: the next call is stephanie from washington, d.c., good morning. about: i have a comment taxes. i think the only two deductions that should ever be allowed should be [indiscernible] the standard deduction currently for a single head of household is about $10,000. you cannot even eat on $10,000. the standard deduction should be high enough that people can have a decent standard of living before they start paying taxes. that is why you have these college graduates living in their parents basements that are still paying taxes when they cannot afford a place to live. i hope that somebody comes fourth and brings forth a standard deduction that really supports -- that would be comparable to a living wage. we will never get a living wage, at least we can get a high enough standard deduction. good idea. is a tax reform will happen and has to happen. there is a lot of deductions out there that are very popular. there is the home credit you get when you buy a home and the mortgage interest deduction is popular. there are achievements in the charitable deduction but there are many other things in the tax code especially on the corporate side that need to be looked at. the other fact is that many people are not paying any taxes. sure that somee people who are making millions of dollars are paying more than 13% of their taxes. that has to change. you need some fairness and the tax code. when you deal with the tax code, you have to make sure it creates economic growth. only with economic growth do you get more jobs and when you get more people working, that's what you get a chance to have a balanced budget. you are a veteran of capitol hill. you served during the clinton administration and worked for barney frank. let's put on the table this topic from "the front page of " the new york times." this points out that restaurant chains like mcdonald's want to keep their lucrative tax credits for hiring of medicines. altrea 1 to cut the corporate tax rate. this diverse set of business as one strategy in common -- they have retained firms that employ lobbyists the ones or for the former chair of the senate finance committee, max baucus. said: there is a lot to be there about how lobbying is regulated and who registers and what the transparency is. for may, the most interesting piece is how much policy is now set for the tax code. a pair non-partisan way, we need to have a very serious look at whether or not it is a good idea to have so many important questions of policy run as tax credits or tax deductions or tax exemptions as opposed guest: it makes transparency much more difficult. host: according to the chart -- there is nothing illegal about this. this is where the flow of power goes. this is both democrats and republicans. guest: max baucus has been there a long time. he has been on the finance committee for a long time. he has had a lot of staff come in and out. the implication here is that you work for max baucus and you are somehow allowed to lobby him. i have worked with his office and i know the people they're talking about. he has a good staff and good people that work there. you have to make your case. and a lobbyist to make their case and the best way is by bringing in constituents to make the case that the constituents want help. what most of these lobbyists have is no how. they know how the tax code works. they know how the system works. they know how the legislative process and policies get made. there is no nefarious than here. it is just part of the way washington does business. host: here is a quote from eric leptin -- age person does not get their provision in the law unless they can make a good case and usually they make the best case if they can bring in constituents. host: the next caller is from santa cruz, calif., democratic line. and thankod morning, both your guests for being with us this morning. i have a question for mr. raben and it has to do with something said earlier in the show. st has to do with the judge being - filibustered. this is not by accident can i ask him what he meant with more deaths? host: bags for the call. -- thanks for the call. guest: there has been a concerted effort on the right, regrettably successfully, over the years, to advocate against progressive judges. we have reached a point where the right as an actual and the infrastructure, lobbyists and organizations and well funded media, to demonize some of the candidates that have come up from democratic presidents. are, does notwe have that kind of infrastructure. there have been some notable exceptions to that but there is an organized effort, well funded on the right, to go after judges and make them politically unviable or try to and it is a very significant thing. the nra has put a significant investment as part of their on two judicial nominations in the past two years. it is unprecedented and frightening and it is not that they don't have a right to weigh in but we have created this political situation where the right is invested in slowing down the left's judge is in a way that is extremely proud -- troubling. host: this is "the sunday review" of " the new york times." the entire event is available on our website c-span.org. here is a portion. [video clip] host: in just a moment -- where is the issue of gun control heading in washington? -- i thinks headed it is in the middle of nowhere right now. there has been some talk about doing background checks, expanded background checks in the senate. the senate majority leader, harry reid, is worried about senators who are in red states who are democrats and he is cautious on how to proceed on this. i think the white house has messed it up. they started with the assault weapons ban and were far too aggressive in pushing this. theink they tried to serve joe biden task force to quickly and they did not give it a proper amount of -- i don't think cooked it long enough. i think they were in a rush and it has made it harder for them to get republicans on board. is verysenator reid cautious on this. dan: let's listen to what feiffer said - [video clip] >> would the presence on a gun havethat does not registrants'? >> how much stronger can we make this? >> he would sign this -- >> we have to make sure that whatever we do is better do islaw we will look at compromise that comes forward and based on that. the president said weekend -- if we can say just one life, that is worth trying. host: what signal is the white house sending to senator chuck schumer and others working on this issue and how much compromise is the white house willing to provide tax guest: president wants to sign a strong bill and move forward on reasonable gun safety legislation. we had first graders in this onin up against the wall and executed. since then, 2000 more americans have died from gun violence. we have to do something. and theiate the nra more conservative group, guns for america, seem to have a regrettable stranglehold on federal offices. blaming each other about who is not ing enough seems to be on american. guest: i think the president will sign what ever bill gets to his desk. i think he is desperate to sign something. host:john is joining us next from iowa, good morning. caller: good mog,quk comment abn cpi. quiteats are obviously upset about it. if people were listening and paying any attention to any other candidates pre-election, this was already being talked about by dr. jill stein of the green party and people are acting like it is a big surprise but that is because corporate media did not talk about it. it is. vs republic and but not really. it is all of us against the major corporations. when you have the vast majority of people supported a single- payer system, to get out of the wars, against the bank bailouts -- taxing the rich -- these are all supported by the majority of americans. guest: that is the republican line? i think the caller makes some points that are pretty common from the ron paul faction. it is corporate america vs the rest of america. i think we live in one america and many people work for america and they play an amazing role in hiring and health care and providing jobs for people and producing products we make. i am not into the conspiracy theory that corporate america is trying to screw the american people. host:larry pratt will be our guest on the "newsmakers"progress on but one dealer says none of these laws would have stopped and they think. guest: that's right. phrase a lot.ear that it is an argument to not do anything. it is simply frightening. you cannot go with that philosophy that because any particular regulation law does not sell all of the world's problems that we cannot do it. that is a canard. we have to come together and some states are doing it. connecticut, new york, maryland have come together and put in some reasonable restrictions on gun show loopholes, on the extent of capacity in a magazine. it is a long way to go and we are in a violent culture but the government has to do its part host: i want to ask you about the issue of immigration. this is another poll on immigration. should illegal immigrants be allowed to stay and apply for citizenship. ? a cuban americans served in the bush administration is weighing in on this. [video clip] >> i first came to this country, i could not speak any english but america is the only place where a little boy who could not speak english can grow up to be a c o and u.s. secretary of commerce. sadly, we are losing the american dream to a growing system. rose theon reform economy and respect rules also others like me can renew the american dream. be part of the solution, joined the hispanic leadership network. reallyhat organization is designed to help the republican party bring in more latinos, one of the areas that your party failed in 2012 and the national election. guest: passing immigration reform will not suddenly get hispanics to vote for republicans. that will be a longer process but there are interests groups within the republican base, evangelical churches, the business community, who agree we have to fix our immigration system. emigrant's help grow the economy is the theory and if we shift out of thisant country, the country would completely collapse. we've got to do this in a compassionate way. that respects the rule all block and makes people come out of the shadows and if we do a comprehensive package, it will actually help this country immensely. host: larry on they've found from clinton, missouri. guest: he is my kind of republican. now isciate you saying the time to do it and i'm hopeful it will get done. host: good morning. caller: goodcountry, the countrd completely collapse. we've got to do this in a compassionate way. that respects the rule all block and makes people come out of the morning, i am sitting here looking at a man who was running his lips right now, the was not looking at what happened in history. tookry was when hitler away all the guns and did away with all the programs like you have today and that is what happened. now we have the same thing aming back in 2013 under president who knows nothing about compromise. by the obama care law that the past which never should have gotten past because the american people did not want and still do not want it to. i am looking for you to respond. to make, you with the glasses and beard, who are nothing but promoting what the president wants and what he thinks he is going to get. comment and a week ahead with the budget outline, we will hear from the president. guest: sometimes i regret i live in a country with such a strong first amendment. i would bet -- i was supported law that would ban hitler analogies. there is an exciting week ahead. the budget will come out wednesday which is a message document but it is also will encompass the president's vision for how we get out of a ditch that we inherited in 2008 and have serious entitlement reform and deficit reductions and very interesting proposals about money for that-k somee state's, eliminating inappropriate deductions and the tax code around disability and unemployment insurance. it will be an exciting week. time congress comes back in session, it makes it more interesting. host: what about the budget this week? --st: i am looking to see how quickly they put it in the trash and move on to the hard work of reconciling with the senate. house look at what the and senate have to do, they have to figure out the levels on the preparation bills and then start the appropriations process. the president has any more of these -- he will have some dinners with other senate republicans. he has to figure out a way to take is the bridge a budget document and build on it and see if there's any way they can get anything before august when the debt ceiling is due to expire. host: eric cantor announced last week that the house will take that into account when they come back? guest: yes, that piece of legislation is interesting isause it is hinting that it not an easy solution to this debt limit. john boehner and eric cantor reshuffled the debt limit passing a short-term expansion and dealing with such restoration. -- sequestration. understood this was bad politics so it was smart how they've reshuffled of that. both gentlemen, thank you for being with us. please come back again. you are watching "washington journal"for this sunday morning and coming up in a couple of bennett's, we will turn our attention to the economy and housing industry. later, we will have an expert from the wilson center as we turn our attention to north korea and tensions in that part of the world and what we can expect in the week ahead. this weekend on american history tv and the book-tv, we are featuring the history of literary life of a mesa, ariz.. there'll be an hour-long block featuring our programs from the city of 450,000 residents including this sample from the mesa grande ruins as we look back at the civilization that lived in that area between 1200- 1480 [video clip] grande trollmesa park which the center of what used to be a large village, spreading for over 1 mile along the river. a major indigenous group that inherited -- inhabited this area from the time of christ to 1450 hd what they are known for was the construction of the enormous irrigation systems here in the salt river valley. the build canals that are of immense size. we did an excavation near here where we found a prehistoric and now that measured 45 feet wide and 15 feet deep. these things were massive constructions on the landscape. they were incredible engineering feats. it took a tremendous amount of organization, social and political organization, to put the people together to build something like that. the structure we are standing in front of today is known as they mesa grande platform amount. it is a solid platform or temple mount that was built by the hohkam, probably about 1000-110 a.d. completed a round 1450 a.df. this measure is a little bit longer and wider than a football field and is 27-feet tall. the architecture seems to be one that looks at access. certain people have access to some rooms and the public has access to a major plaza and other areas are restricted. we believe it was actually a temple mount. host: local content vehicle is traveling to mesa, arizona and you can check out all of our program on our website at c- span.org/local content. today, this and other efforts looking at the history of mesa, arizona and we are looking at the mesa grande ruins. we want to turn our attention to jobs, the economy, and the real- estate industry. joining us is the chief economist and senior vice president of the national association of realtors. thank you for being with us. guest: thanks for having me. host: there was news last week and the jobs picture and the headline this morning from " the new york times"- as you look at those numbers and tied into what the real estate industry has seen and likely will see in the spring and summer, what is your reaction? guest: the job market is clearly disappointing. is pace of job creation moving the employment -- be on a plan rate. i like to look at the employment rate and it has been stuck at 58% of the adult population working. it used to be 64% to that is significantly down and we have made no progress and that figure. behind the market recovered, the construction jobs are being added but of people working in the leasing industry, jobs there are being added and real terms membership is beginning to rise. we are beginning to see a boost from the real-estate industry that has been suffering. host: overall, what is the state of the u.s. real estate economy? guest: the real estate economy is bouncing back much faster than many people had anticipated. home sales were up last year roughly 10%. the home prices were up in the high double digits and it is built -- and the high single digits. we are encountering -- because the buyers are rushing into the market because of a lack of supply, we are encountering a housing shortage situation in many parts of the country. host: let me ask you about the effort by the white house to change the rules somewhat to get more people back into the workforce. one of the lessons of the housing bubble of 2007-2008 was the easy credit that allow people to get homes they could not afford, prices that were escalating and now those prices dropped resulted in foreclosures. what is the white house proposing and what is your reaction? guest: one area you can help with the economy through real estate is tight underwriting standards. there are many creditworthy individuals who have been denied mortgages. if we can get the underwriting standards back to normal -- we don't want to have easy credit but let's get back to earlier in century, we would have many additional buyers but the tight credit condition is attributed to the regulatory uncertainty regarding the banking industry, the lending industry. century,the lenders are origing mortgages and sending them over to fannie mae and freddie mac and fannie mae and freddie mac kould send that mortgage-backe and that is holding back the landing potential. my counterparts indicate there are too many lawsuits and during banks from lending. we need to clarify what is the rule of the game. to facilitate liquidity to come to the industry. host: our focus is the u.s. real estate industry. for this segment, we are dividing our phone top -- our phone lines originally. -- regionally. you can also send us a tweet and we are on facebook or you can send us an e-mail. let me share this one figure with you, foreclosures. you concede nevada is still leading the list but also on the list as maryland, washington state, new york, arkansas, new jersey, utah, and florida. what do these numbers tell you? guest: most of those are the judicial foreclosures states. throughout the past couple of years, it is trickling into the market. by delaying the foreclosure state, new york, arkansas, new is hindering thet recovery potential. we saw a rapid foreclosure occurring in places like arizona and michigan and it has bounced back nicely in this market. the late foreclosures are starting to show up in this market but for people who had net made mortgage payments for three or four years, it is a case where there are many health the potential buyers able to buy that home. they have been denied because the distressed homeowners occupying that home want help but, many times, it cannot be done. numbersother set of from your organization, the national organization of realtors -- is hindering the recovery potential. explain these numbers? guest: in housing starts, is still under 1 million. it has been that way for five years. this is unprecedented because the historical averages about 1.5 million. that is needed just to keep up with the normal population growth in the country as well as some of the uninhabitable homes. we need to have 1.5 million housing starts. for five consecutive years to be under 1 million and is a cumulative shortage will show up. we have a 13-year low in inventory. we need to have more housing starts commit to the market to relieve some of the shortage in inventory. of 5 million is roughly in line with the 2005 levels but up about 10% from seen during we have the downturn. host: our banks lending again? guest: some of the regulatory resttainty and the regarding the cutbacks -- the lenders are originating mortgages but they are only original writing for the top credits for individuals because they are afraid that, perhaps, fannie mae and freddie mac, on a deep fault mortgages, will be forced to buy back to many properties. rest regarding the cutbackshost: le's -- kentucky,. caller: good morning. when you keep referring to a home,ge, when i bought my the title was in my name. titled the lawyer take my and take it to the bank and take out the full mortgage and took the money -- and put the money in a trust account for 30 days and i did not know and now every month, i have to pay the mortgage? she and every lawyer in america takes our title to the bank and then the money out and puts it in a trust account. they'd taken out after 30 days and after that, you have to pay the mortgage. you never took out the loan for your house. then they took your claim title and put a loan on it. why is there a crisis? i don't know the particulars of your individual case but, certainly, for a person buying a home all cash, the title belongs to the home buyer. takeany individuals, they out a mortgage. the lenders are only willing to lend on the condition that one cannot pay the mortgage and they would have access to the collateral. for those people would need to take up a mortgage, the title is in escrow. unless the mortgage is paid off over time, the title would not belong to the people who bought the home. ont: this is a clarification an earlier point -- guest: there are two sets of data -- one on refinancing, people who had a mortgage but now the interest rates are at historic low levels and many people have taken advantage of low rates and refinanced. the refinance the mortgage applications and then there is the home purchase applications. people who are taking out a mortgage are beginning to rise. host: this is from sasha - the most part, the banks are only holding those properties, foreclosed properties, where they have to go through the paperwork processed to assure that the rating is complete and claim. once that process is over, banks are releasing the property until the market and then there are buyers. those properties are quickly being absorbed into the market. in the judicial foreclosures, the court system intervenes and they give the distressed homeowner additional time. there are pluses and minuses. it is not clearing the markets of it is holding back the recovery. as prices increase in places like illinois, new jersey, new york, and connecticut, they still have a backlog of a large number of foreclosures yet to be released into the market. host: this is from reuters -- everything is relative when you look at these numbers because they had the biggest drops four or five years ago. guest: furthermore, all real estate is local. you cannot pick a home in washington, d.c. and move it to california. therefore, like many local dynamics, -- there was an interesting case in arizona that was over corrected. they had a large bottle and a crash and it over corrected and you had investors coming in both domestic and foreign and large institutional investors that scooped up properties so fast that the inventory levels were moving into a two-month supply 30% pricet of these appreciation. host: if you look at 21.3%, could that create another bubble in arizona that could burst? guest: it is different this time verses 2006. we have tightened underwriting standards this time. many people buying and hours are notng in with all cash, mortgages. the second reason as during the ubble years, we had over- production. considered would be normal but there was an we haveuction and today under-production. buyers are coming in with all ish and a lack of supply leading to the normal supply and demand dynamic that is pushing up the prices. host: this is a chart familiar with people who bought homes 10 years ago. you can see the steady increase in home is leading to prices and a sharp dp through 2006-2007 and beginning to move up in 2009 and back to where we were 10 years ago, roughly. guest: that's right, in many parts of the country, this 10- year time horizon is now stabilizing and beginning to recover -- there has not been an appreciable increase. people who had been high -- buying homes in the past three years, bought their home at low prices. at lowve been buying prices and they are getting immediate equity gains and as a result, the mortgage delinquency rate among recently originated mortgages the past three years is one of the most well- performing mortgages. that is the reason we are beginning to see profits at fannie mae and freddie mac. flipping a homemade gun or bad thing in this economy? guest: it is up to the individuals but broadly speaking, when the market is down, investors are absolving inventories rather than having a distressed property lingering in the market. many of the investors investing today is different and then compared to the bubble years. if you still lacks easy credit and now they are coming in all cash and investigators -- and investors want an income stream, the yield, because the bank is offering a good return. the 10-year treasury is offering less than 2% return. people are buying investment property and they are looking at 89% return. we are seeing people buying today with a longer time horizon. host: you mentioned all cash -- for a local investment, one wants to be close to where they live because they can manage the property. have additional cash and was looking for more distant investments, certainly in the market, we are still at the bottom point and not fully recovered but they see a growth potential over the future, the carolinas, georgia -- we have seen the overall migration trend move into the south. these areas have seen a more modest recovery so far while florida and arizona have seen strong recoveries. host: you are a graduate of purdue university and earned her doctorate in maryland. is served a number -- you served in a number of capacities in the government. the senior vice president of research. joe joining us from florida, good morning. caller: very interesting subjects. i want to preface my question saying that i am in the process of attempting to win best in a low-end properties here in my area. ie that i was interested in, discovered the private mortgage holder refused to foreclose on the owner and he was over one year behind in this property. servingre process from the foreclosure papers to the judge granted a sale and having the sale was less than five months. i know it can be done. one of the other properties that i am interested in is a bank foreclosure. there were served with foreclosure papers in october of 2010. come up for has not sale yet and i cannot figure out a way to find the people at the bank to make those decisions because they are so well- public.d from the it is almost impossible. let host: get a response and you can stay on the line. first question about distressed property, many people have not thought of that. it is very creative on your part. requiresl foreclosure a final approval before the property is released to the market. even if the bank wants to release on the market, they cannot do so on their own. they have to get court approval which as the reason what florida is taking a long time to get these distressed properties back onto the market. florida is different from other judicial foreclosure states. you have the international buyer dimension. there are many people from latin america buying properties. i'm not sure which part of florida your living but in the northern part, it is more a rush.le and less of you're absolutely right that the florida foreclosure process is still a sticky mess. host: do you want to follow up on that? caller: i am in sarasota county. is there anything i can do to try to get the bank to do something? my own experience was less than five months on this thing is going on to 0.5 years. for a home that is clearly vacant, there is no need to go through the court process. i think you can trigger this to say if the mortgage has not been paid for longer than six months, and the property is vacant, let's not go toward the court system. triggerve an automatic and that is something the florida association of realtors on it with the legislature. headlinee is another from reuters -- there is an impact on people renting apartments vs buying a home. guest: you see some of the financially qualified renters paying higher rents and then they want to buy a home. the problem is, obtaining a mortgage is difficult. many of the renters feel squeezed. the cost of living condition is rising. this also implies that the overall inflationary pressurethe renting apartments vs buying a home. guest: you see some of the financially qualified renters paying higher rents and then they want to buy a home. the problem is, obtaining a mortgage is difficult. many of the renters feel squeezed. the cost of living condition is rising. this also -- you had a discussion earlier rising and rents are they will begin to push up broader consumer price inflation and raise a different dynamic regarding the future of monetary policy and what it needs to be. are supporting a housing shortage and a housing shortage will push up housing costs. host: mass., good morning. of 350 with a population million and housing starts at record lows, 900,000 or something, you said it is normally 1.5 million. where is everybody? butle are migrating south the south will not re-populate right now. where did you see guest: one of the natural adjustments is that arizona prices rise. , i don't want to move to arizona because it's costly. the price adjustment is for people to look at different location. people such as texas continued to draw many migrants. , verycky mountain states solid gains in jobs. utah, colorado. but the current housing start level is well under what it needs to be. historically many smalltime builders, home builders who are building 10 or 20 homes a year, they are essentially shut out of the market because they rely on local banks to give their construction loans. construction loans are almost impossible to obtain. the housing start increases we are seeing today is essentially a publicly listed wall street , because they can tap into wall street funds are it one of the consequences -- funds. one of the consequences of the cycle is that smaller guys are getting shut out. we are at 90.1 on the dial if you are in washington, coast to xm channel 119. my guest is lawrence yun, for the national association of realtors. we're are talking about the state of the u.s. housing market. a lot of people with adjustable rates wondering whether or not they're going to spike up. what have you heard from the fed recently? what can we expect? guest: i don't see any changes for the next two years. i see the first change coming in the middle of 2015. if the inflation pressure builds up, monetary rates will move independent of the federal reserve. members need to be compensated for the inflation and loss of purchasing power. the long-term reach will be higher this time next year. currently mortgage rates are averaging 3.7% on 30 year fixed- rate mortgage. probably going to be something like 4.5% next year and even higher and 2015. long-term rates will be rising faster. , most mortgages are adjustable rate mortgages. there willy policy be short-term raising of the interest rate much sooner. it's not a good combination in canada, where they may see rising interest rate with many people with the adjustable rate mortgages. host: in the washington dc area, "the post" with stories about people trying to buy homes, but it is now becoming a sellers market, with people bidding up the prices of homes. it is something that we saw before the bubble burst in the housing market. why is it happening now in this area? guest: d.c. had no local recession throughout the downturn. 2000 and eight all the way till 2009, america lost 8 million jobs. 2008 all the way till 2009, america lost 8 million jobs. with sequestration, i think that will begin to change a bit. employment growth in the d.c. market may begin to taper off. because of the strong employment conditions, d.c. was unique in this respect. many parts of the country had multiple bidding. half the country today are seeing some degree of multiple bidding. this is just from the delayed impact of household nation. or in the downturn, many young people -- during the downturn, many young people have been living with their parents. now they are seeking their own household. this delayed impact of household formation is leading to southern demand increase in housing, multiple bidding by the builders on that building. host: in terms of the balance between supply and demand we have more people looking for home, not as much inventory? what is a healthy economic balance between what people need in home purchases and what is available? there should be about a six-month supply. in terms of price appreciation, what we like to see is price increases roughly in line with income growth. right now home price growth is much faster than income. , and good for homeowners to some degree, good for the economy because the housing wealth is providing confidence in consumer spending. when people are looking to buy a home, they are feeling left out. rents are rising. some prices are rising much higher than income. this is not a healthy recovery indication. was aw therer: time when people took out risky loans, and the people who gave them these loans were betting on their demise. since those people at the high level have not been put in jail or investigated, are they still involved in the real estate mortgage aspect and the banking and all that stuff, or did they just go away and slip into some other service or business? for any fraud or criminal act, there needs to be prosecution of that, but regarding the people who have shaky mortgages -- bets on companiesgages, many went under. the lehman brothers went under. international money has flowed into the country because the aaa rating that was given for all the shady subprime mortgages, the german pension money came to the u.s., chinese sovereign fund money was coming into the u.s., betting on subprime mortgages. there are losses everywhere. some of the mortgage brokers were involved in that. they are clearly out of the business. host: don is joining us from virginia. currently in the process of buying a home in the ocala, florida, central florida area. , andve put in a contract our realtor tells us that the thing that we need to be most concerned about is how the appraisals come back. the majority of the appraisals are coming back low, and the , whichf the home according to the paperwork, -- ifto be fannie mae the house comes back lower, than the appraised value -- lower than the appraised value they want the purchaser to pay the additional mouth. -- amount. theyis $100,000, but turned to the purchaser to come up with the additional funds should they get back up to $100,000. is this truly a practice that's going on? it is surprisingly common. the appraisers are trying to theyate the property and do that by looking at the comparable properties recently sold. when they look at the property sold, they are looking back three months, six months. times have changed. the buyers have rushed in. they're looking at the past data of six months. the appraisal value is coming in toow, forcing the buyers come up with additional cash to make up the difference in many markets because there are so many buyers. if one backs out because of the appraisal issue and there appears to be other buyers will them to step in and pay that difference -- this is a situation where unfortunately because of the lack of housing inventory, people are needing to muchhurried decisions faster compared to what the appraisal industry what considered to be healthy increases when they are looking at the comparables. this southern change and arrive in demand with lack of supply is adding this additional complication in the markets. existing homeat sales over a 20 year trend dating back to 1994, you can see the huge uptick during 2003, 2 thousand 4, 2005 and in the sharp drop as the housing bubble burst. guest: anything that goes out of the historical norm, departs from the normal path, one has to look closely as to what is the underlying factors. people thought we were living in a new paradise, the property values would always increase, which we clearly know that is not the case. with the property prices assumed to increase always, then wall street came up with all these mortgages to say, let's lend it out to anyone. even if they don't pay back the mortgage, at least we can take the collateral back, which would have risen and evenly cover our investment. that was the philosophy. in hindsight, anything that departs from the historical , one hasth of growth to give additional scrutiny as to why. it caused a large degree of pain which many americans experienced. host: a comment on our twitter page -- guest: i think that's not a good choice of words. what realtors are indicating is , in they good renters past they would not have had trouble obtaining an mortgage if you're willing to stay well within their budget. if the mortgage debt to income easily,hey fit that but they are being denied mortgages. to moreo move the dial normal levels, i think that would be helpful. aside from the wall street gone wild situation with subprime mortgages, fannie and freddie also played a role in terms of the housing market bubble and crash where there was a mandate where fannie and freddie had to buy mortgages, a certain amount of mortgages from very low income neighborhoods. many of those mortgages defaulted. to be very careful about what mandates we impose on government agencies. host: michelle says this -- guest: i do not think we are heading for another bubble. we have the housing shortage situation. to differentiate between the bubble years and today -- during the bubble years, buyers were coming in because of easy credit. today buyers are coming in despite the overly stringent credit requirement. in the bubble years, we had overproduction. today we have underproduction. we are seeing a faster price growth, some degree unhealthy, but this is what the market supply and demand is up to. host: one other chart you can see courtesy of realty trac, a huge increase in foreclosures and steady decline over the last two to three years. foreclosure has peaked three years ago. the number of foreclosures are falling. it had fallen dramatically in places like regina, arizona. -- virginia, arizona. but in places like new york state, the of distressed mortgages elevated with no meaningful decline -- number of distressed mortgages elevated with no meaningful decline in those states. of theawrence yun national association of realtors, we will go to a viewer in flint, michigan. caller: thanks for taking my call. i have a question and comment. if you recall back in 2007, the government gave many millions to refinance people. what are your thoughts on that? did it help? my comment is i was one of the few people that was refinanced through wells fargo. they took my 30 year mortgage that i had paid without a late payment for 10 years and essentially turned into a 40 year mortgage because they refinanced, took my interest from four percent to six percent. they charged me for all these fees in the process. they change the interest rate .ithin the same company i thought that charge was excessive and unnecessary. a girl down the street had wells fargo, too. they paid her $5,000 to walk away from her property. how is that any different? i pay someone $1000 to steal my car, and i go to the insurance company. for me it is a crime, for the big banks it is big business as usual. certainly chaotic conditions, both the economy and financial market back in 2008. people are coming up with various ideas and did not want to wait. they implement it some ideas, while better ideas were coming later. regarding the title insurance, for me it does not make too much sense for refinanced mortgage. that is the same homeowners who are staying at home. i can understand the need for title insurance for home purchase, because you have a different owner coming in. i agree with the excessive fee regarding the title insurance part. all the money essentially has been paid back to the government, but in time of need was provided. the banks now have recovered nicely. are back up levels to their pre-recession years. largehaotic time period, banks have gotten larger. they're holding onto much .arger assets than before the market concentration has gotten greater. anytime you have fewer firms controlling larger assets, it could lead to a less competitive market conditions. some economists would say it makes it easier for -- the margin between what the interest rate should be versus what it is today, could be higher. one of the things we need to introduce more is to have more smaller banks who are able to compete better with the larger banks so we have more competition. program for both congress and administration is trying to help those who have been responsible in their mortgages, who have been paying their mortgages on time. but they are stuck in a high interest rate. why not give them a lower goingst rate, without into the difficulty of obtaining mortgages? try to help out a responsible homeowner, that is something all americans would be in favor of. host: if you're in the market to sell your home or make a new purchase, what do the next several months look like? guest: it looks better compared to last year. sellers clearly have an edge over the buyers. nationalrence yun of a association of realtors, thank you for joining us. continuestion between north korea, south korea, the u.s. and the rest of the region. we will be focusing on that in just a couple minutes with robert litwak, with the woodrow wilson center. it preview of what to expect -- up next, a preview of what to expect. nancy callow is keeping track on this sunday morning. onehe korean peninsula is of the issues of that will talked about on the sunday shows today. also the president cost budget and immigration. budget andt's immigration. we begin at noon today. at 1:00 p.m., abc's "this week" reared, with dan pfeiffer, former reagan budget director david stockman. with danlace talks pfeiffer. former republican congressman asa hutchinson is now the director of the national school shield taask force. candy crowley welcoming dan malloy, and former utah governor and 2012 republican candidate jon huntsman. at 4:00, "face the nation." mccain and chuck schumer. former secretary of state madeleine albright. the sunday network talk shows are brought to you as a public service by the networks and c- span. those re-airs begin at noon with "meet the press." listen to them all on c-span radio, heard on 90.1 fm in washington dc area, nationwide on xm satellite radio. you can download our free app on your smart phone or go online to cspanradio.org. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2013] >> we need the media to give us a dictionary definition of static. unwanted interference. we need a media that covers the movements that create static and make history. >> author, host and executive producer of "democracy now" amy , three hours live today at noon eastern on book tv on c- span2. continues. journal" host: we want to welcome robert litwak, who is with the woodrow wilson center. your book, "outlier states, american strategies to contain, engage or contain regimes." defense secretary chuck hagel deciding to delay the launch of a intercontinental missile from an airbase until next month over concerns it could exacerbate the crisis with north korea. your reaction. guest: that move is in keeping with the primary focus on the danger of miscalculation that could lead to escalation. a conflict could arise from a miscalculation on the part of one party or the other. this move to delay the test is a way of taking that off the table as a move they could be interpreted one way or other by the north koreans to exacerbate the ongoing crisis. on the north korean side, their test is likewise in keeping toh a record of brinkmanship command attention. and other news organizations indicated that north korea could test another missile as early as wednesday. yes.: it has to be viewed in the context of print much up in the current crisis. in the currentp crisis. it is using the test as part of a strategy to force the united states, south korea to move in its direction in the current crisis. host: in terms of a hypothetical -- this is a map that shows where north korea is, and its potential capacities. the closest it could reach the u.s., maybe guam, hawaii, or alaska. questions whether north korea even has that capacity. what can it do? guest: it has tested a long- range missile. currently the north korea has a long-range missile. it did a satellite launch, or has long-range capability, but i don't think in its current poses ant it immediate threat to the u.s. homeland. host: the obvious question being asked, why now? why is the north korean government using such bellicose language towards the u.s., south korea, japan, and other asian countries? it is an opaque system. one has to rely on surmise. among expert watchers, there is a view that there is a succession crisis that occurred .fter kim kim jong-il past -- passed. talking tough for domestic consumption but not actually wanting to precipitate conflict. host: we heard from chuck hagel, who said he did not want to be the secretary of defense who was wrong on north korea. we are deploying additional capacity in guam. why? a twofold message. to the north koreans, the message is one of the terrace. to south korea, it is one of reassurance. tose are prudent moves improve the military balance of power in northeast asia. there needs to be cautioned because prudent bolstering of a position to reinforce the military balance could be perceived by the north koreans as a prelude to a preemptive military action. and how thene administration is doing it is carefully. host: our phone lines are open. .ou can also send us a tweet what do you know about kim jong- un? trade son of kim jong-il plat he is in his -- kim jong-il. he is in his 20's. senior figures within the regime are helping to guide through this period. he has not come into his own. there is a? here whether he could rise and become a reformer in terms of introduction of domestic economic reform or whether we of entering a period potential provocative military action as we saw in 2009 and 2010 to bolster his domestic position by using the external threat of a source of legitimate niche -- legitimation. host: in light of what he wrote in his book, "outlier states." let me share with you another development. quote, responding to regional worries -- the country should accommodate the legitimate interests of others. clearly north korea on the mind of the chinese president. it is a thinly veiled reference an expression of the frustration and lack of patience of the chinese in dealing with north koreans trad. i think there is a fundamental ,ension in the chinese policy whether that inpatients about the role the north korea is inying through its role maintaining a divided peninsula. host: there is a new president in south korea. how much of that is a result of her leadership? guest: it is difficult to say. hasnorth korean president made it clear that south korea would respond to military action such as the sinking of the ship that occurred in 2010. that is an added dimension to the instability of this crisis. in the past north korea has .aken provocative action south koreans have exhibited restraint. in this instance, they have signaled our publicly that they would respond. host: dennis rodman in north ?orea, what was that about guest: it adds realism. -- surrealism. underlying it is a real danger. the north koreans have been isolated. understand the dynamic internally of what drives their policy. there is a fascination with the outside world, but a view that the outside world brings with it political contagion that could undermine the regime. the phoneur does on from culpeper, virginia, democrats line. caller: i have a two-part question. isave a friend of mine that serving in the military. he told me about the dmv zone. that dividesline north and south korea, and they facing off with north korea. if that true? - i- is that true? c-span to go to the dmz zone to let the american people know what is really going on. a lot of people watch c-span and that would be good for the american people. guest: the color is referring to the militarized zone separating north and south korea along the 30th parallel, which is the armistice line of the has been heldich since that armistice was declared in 1953. here we are, 60 years later. there is no peace treaty between -- officially ending the korean war. it remains just that, and armistice. line is in the demarcation and it is a line of separating forces. the north koreans are deployed towards the demilitarized zone, convening a kinship and chill -- conventional threat. host: a comment on the twitter page -- if north korea wanted to attack the u.s., they can do so by attacking u.s. troops? the primary threat is on the korean peninsula itself. the united states has a residual force from the korean war. but there is not a conventional balance of power there in the sense that the north koreans have a huge standing army. hasu.s. presence there america -- has advanced american conventional capabilities. the moves that have been taken up to now to bolster that balance of power through the deployments you mentioned at the top of the show has been important in terms of maintaining the perception that united states can respond to any provocation. it is important to show this to you again, an iconic photograph of north and south korea at night. the lights in south korea, and then that dark area just to the north with just a few lights in pyongyang. elsewhere it is predominately dark in north korea, to give you a sense of what life is like in that part of the world trad. is a: the night visual famous visual that really tells the story of north korean isolation. north korea is barely on the grid. the lights are literally out at night. to put it into context, it is hard to calculate the gdp of north korea, but has been estimated about $40 billion. that is in contrast with the u.s. economy, 15 trillion dollars. it barely has the economic activity of a medium-sized american city. our next caller is on the republican line. i have questions regarding china. why isn't the u.s. policy, where not going to borrow china's money to help korea? it's not 1950 anymore. , given itshina outreach to the world, why would they fear a unified korean peninsula? guest: excellent question. perhaps the central issue in international relations right now is the future of china and whether it will join , orrnational system whether china will become a competitor with united states. there are trillions of dollars in transactions that occur between the united states, china, and the global economy. has a tangible stake in the system. at the same time, it pursues its .atural interests and we may be at a tipping -- national interests. we may be at a tipping point of provocative action. it may lead them to draw a line and take firmer action than they have taken up till now to try to rein in north korea. china is now a global actor. its future life in the integration of the global economy, viewing the united states as a rival, and north korea as a part that can be played in the context of that rivalry, but at the same time it does not want the situation to get out of hand but could threaten the stability of the region. host: you point this out in your book, "outlier states." you point out, quote, the rise of these rogue states coinciding with the end of the cold war and the end of the hot war in the persian gulf. you point to iraq and saddam hussein as one of the outliers. work is still broadly with the category of so-called rogue states. -- in the term 1990's, saddam hussein was the rogue state with a rock. -- iraq. hasobama administration changed the nomenclature from rogue state which carry the connotation from the george w. bush administration of a state beyond the pale, irredeemable, to outlier state, the connotation was that if the states -- north korea and iran -- come into compliance with international obligations, there is a pathway for reintegration into the system. the obama administration clearly laid that out. for north korea and as well as iran, the nuclear issue is a proxy for the broader question of how they relate to the outside world. there are tangible economic benefits of integration. they also carry the risk of political contagion that could undermine the regime. those political concerns have trumped the economic incentives. it is that policy arc from rogue to outlier that i deal with in this book. host: you begin your book by outlining, defining what an outlier is. in the oxford dictionary, it is what? .uest: someone at the periphery the question is, how can the states come in from the cold? the connotation was, there was no pathway. outlier shifts the onus to the states to make a choice. president obama has used these words, choice, pathway. at one point he pointed to the burmese transition as an example the north korea might follow. we talk about there having been a recent u.s.-russia relations. in theas also a reset way the united states has been see this choice. now the bind is, what does one do when they say no to the kind of offer that has been made to them? it is not a problem with united states. it is their international obligations such as mbt. host: robert litwak is with the woodrow wilson center. he served in the clinton administration. he earned his doctorate from the london school of economics. robert is joining us from ridgewood, new jersey. caller: good morning. as far as india and their military capabilities, do they have any say in what is going on with north korea? -- with thesider americans consider forging some coalition like we did with the gulf war, a coalition against north korea? think the phrase is, coalition of the willing. guest: military options vis-à- vis north korea are terrible. north korea does have a small nuclear weapons arsenal. thatparated the plutonium was at its young site and has fabricated a small arsenal. some respects, there is no real good target that would be the object of military action. apart from the danger that would escalate from a peninsula wide war. the india example contrasts with this category that i have been dealing with in "outlier states." india exercised its sovereign right to not join the nuclear non-lawyer for asian -- nonproliferation. india opted out. upn and north korea signed to the nuclear nonproliferation treaty. that is why they are treated in a different category. the united states signed a nuclear cooperation agreement with india at the end of the second george w. bush administration, even though india was not a signatory. president bush referred to india as a responsible quote unquote -- iningested sisson juxtaposition to the rogue state. the threat posed by north korea is viewed as deriving from the character of the regimes that generate this threatening behavior. an earlier color talking about a dmz zone. in the 1950's during the korean war -- this is what it looks like. it is 155 miles long and divides north and south at the 38th parallel. have you been to that part of the world? guest: i visited it once. it is a formidable spot in the world. the two a zone dividing forces. that's zone has become a wildlife refuge because there's been no activity in it. it's now viewed as a zone where migrating birds come and other kinds of animals there in the .one, this no go zone you can go right to the main station there and you see north korean and south korean sentries manny. -- manning it. host: this map also shows suspected chemical weapons sites great how viable are they ? guest: north korea is viewed as also pursuing chemical and biological weapons. the chemical weapons provide an additional dimension to their arsenal and underscore the north of forward deployed korean troops along the dmz with not only conventional artillery that could show urban areas in south korea, but -- shall urban areas in south korea, but chemical munitions could be loaded onto these weapons systems. additional horrific, complicating factor in military planning. a comment from a viewer -- i think he has the wrong one in mind. the real dr. was a heart surgeon in new york. may be confusing me with someone else. he was never in kansas. good morning. back in 1950i was with the marine corps making the landing -- we drove the north koreans the dmz zone.st at that point they were defeated. he had no intention of stopping anywhere in north korea, but going to china. so we went to the reservoir, where i got frostbitten feet. at that point we had [indiscernible]-- we had to evacuate them. this could all have been ,ettled in 1950 if macarthur truman had not wanted to go all the way to the chinese border. the landing in china is one of the most famous episodes in military history. of thatnical aspects landing have been studied. to theces did drive chinese border. it was at that point that the chinese entered the korean war because the chinese were not prepared to allow for a unified korea under a pro-american government. that led the chinese to intervene on behalf of the north to prevent this unification, and american march to the chinese border. americans were pushed back. a line was stabilized more or less along with the is today.zed lov zone host: a twitter, -- gdp is a hard figure to get. north korea has been referred to as a soprano state in the sense that unlike iran, which can export export oil as a source of revenue, the north koreans have they haveted money, been involved in preparing pharmaceuticals, even methamphetamine, have engaged in illicit activities to raise what has been estimated to be $1 billion a year to keep the north korean elite comfortable in the lifestyle. --. sanctions have targeted since the bush administration -- have gone after these illicit games. the progress has been episodic. the focus is to raise the cost of this unacceptable activity to the core groups that constitute the regime. host: our guest is robert litwak of the wilson center. our guest -- our focus is north korea. new statements from chinese leaders, warning north korea to hold back on some of the rhetoric. defense secretary hagel indicating testing that was scheduled to take place later this month in california is being postponed. newer ports from cnn and other news sources that north korea may have another round of testing as early as wednesday. a caller on our republican line. speculate on you that north diversion korea or any supporting states may be attempting to use in this whole debacle? i assume you're referring referring to nuclear materials. i addressed this in the new book, "outlier states." through whichys terrorists can acquire nuclear weapons. much of our attention has been focused on deliberate transfer. the alternative route is leakage. , state with nuclear weapons there could be a weapon falling into the wrong hands. the materials are inadequately secured and there is a theft or an illicit diversion. , the bush andea obama administrations have laid , whichdeterrent line included the provision that north korea would be held accountable for materials that would be transferred to a terrorist group as a way of determining -- deterring. it raises back to the question of revenues. they have also generated revenues to missile sales and sales of nuclear components. the sale of such components to a state, whether syria or iran, is you differently -- viewed differently. still ominously, but differently than a transfer to a nonstate actors such as al qaeda. dealing with the to state is difficult because international law, states are viewed as sovereign entities and a lot of states conduct commerce, although there have been prescriptions on north korea's -- restrictions on north korea possibility -- north korea's ability. having a deterrent line against transfer is so important. in the former president clinton's white house. what was the back story? why did he go to korea? guest: his most recent trip was in the context of the release of two journalists who had been apprehended on the chinese-north korean border. he went to bring them back essentially. he had a brief meeting with kim jong-il, but press reports indicated it was more of a perfunctory kind of meeting. 1994 when jimmy carter went to north korea in the context of the nuclear crisis at that point. his visit was a symbolic event that triggered the sort of diplomatic activity, knitting in the october 1994 -- culminating in the october 1994 agreed framework, which froze activity capability.nuclear -- iran's nuclear capability. host: a follow-up from jack -- guest: the most recent attack on the banking system in south korea -- attribution is always the problem in the cyber attacks. in the cyber area, it is a challenge. strides have been made to improve attribution capabilities so they can pinpoint where an attack came from. , believe in the current attack the suspicion has shifted from north korea to individuals outside of north korea. it is an area that north korea is known to have been working on as part of that asymmetrical threat they could pose. they're barely plugged into the global system. the night visual indicates one.. they're essentially off the grid but they know that our vulnerability of western society, south korea lies in the very interconnectedness of our global economy. is inility to target that their interest. our next caller is joining us from virginia. caller: good morning. i have a question follow-up. u spentondering, since kk time overseas, that he might have been aware of the cultural andcts of our country seeing that the basketball championships and our own basketball championships are coming up this spring, that he more or less wanted to give an opening to himself so that a more gracious state department might have picked up on that? host: more on dennis rodman. guest: there is a fascination in north korea with western popular culture. it is hard to ascertain what the kind of mindset is there. the outside world is a threat, but it's also a point of fascination. north korean elites like modern western technology. also, getting access to the latest films on dvd that are not made available to the general public in north korea, but which the elite partakes in. it's an opaque society. it's hard to know what was behind their view or vision of ,hat was behind the rodman trip as far as starting the political process that was started by this brinkmanship. caller: good morning. if china intervened in 1951 will keep them from intervening on this trip if there is military action? great question. there were reports that the chinese had increased their military presence along their border. those reports have not been substantiated. the analysis was that if the were there, it was to protect their own border, to deal with potential refugees. china today is in a very different place than it was in 1950. one year after the chinese revolution, the korean war broke out. today china is a global power. intouture is integration the global economy. that is the optic through which they would view the current crisis and what would be a calamity if there were to be a renewed conflict on the korean peninsula. conclude on this point, which goes back to your book. comparison between north korea and iran. in all of these areas, iran has succeeded in only two of them. guest: these two states that are both called outliers because of their conduct, but you could not have two states that are more different than a run a north korea. -- iran and north korea. iran is viewed -- we are in the current crisis, as a top-tier foreign-policy issue. iran is viewed as a more dynamic threat because it has the oil revenue behind it. dicalso has this radi ideology behind it. is playing its one card to command attention, shake down how they can leverage these capabilities to keep the regime going. host: robert litvak is the author of "outlier states" and with the woodrow wilson center here in washington, d.c.. thank you for your time and perspective. subject of athe skit last night on nbc's " saturday night live ticket which began with this spoof on c-span. >> next on c-span, tensions in the north korean insula -- peninsula. kim jong-un appeared before the nation. his address was carried live on national television. >> hello, greetings to the citizens of the people of north korea. >> thanks to "saturday night live." .hris solazyme, -- cillizza, will be joining us. "newsmakers" is coming up next. our guest is larry pratt. ourght at 6:30 and 9:30, conversation with two outgoing members of the president's cabinet.

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