Any of the members that switched votes, or hear why people were switching votes . Wasriginally, the vote passing. They had already passed to the provision stating otherwise. Of course, Republican Leadership felt they had to beat back this maloney offered today. Originally, it passed Republican Leadership. They could be seen on the floor, pressuring numbers to change their votes. Some of these numbers included some of the lawmakers he mentioned, like jeff denham. Democrats were complaining that these numbers were changing their votes, so that everyone could see who exactly was changing their votes. Instead, they were able to do so electronically, without everybody sayineeing them do it. What does this say about relations Going Forward . But in particular, next week the house has a lot to get done before the memorial day recess. Do you think an incident like this has an impact on relations between the parties . It is clear democrats are going to use this open amendment process to their advantage. Especially, while we are in the middle of an election. Last night, nancy pelosi was trying to link the poll to the lgbt provision, as well as the provision related to the sheederate flag, what described as discrimination that donald trump has been voting his campaign. Has turned into a legislative proposal in the house. Our guest is Christina Marcos and you can follow reporting at thehill. Com and also, on twitter. Thanks for joining us. This weekend, a conversation with texas commerce and mac thornberry. He talks about the Defense Authorization bill, which the house passed, and will not be taken up by the senate. Sunday,ewsmakers every here on cspan. Bidene president joe spoke about his political career at a forum hosted by the National Urban league. That is next. Cbs journalist morley safer died thursday. Coming up, we will show an interview we did with him on cspans q a. Later, an event with donald trump in lawrenceville, new jersey. American history tv on cspan 3, this september marks the opening of the Smithsonian National museum of African American history and culture. And saturday morning, american allory tv is live for an they conference with scholars across the country, discussing topics, including africanamerican religion, politics, culture, Historical Preservation and interpretation. At kennecott p. M. Eastern on real america, the 1975 Church Committee hearings, convened to investigate the fbi, cia, and nsa. Any jo cook penetrated antivietnam War Organization and gary thomas roe, who infiltrated the klan. You mean, the birmingham policeman set up the beating of the freedom riders, and he told the fbi that . That is correct. For the beaten . They were beaten very badly, yes. Did the police give you the time to perform the feeding. We were told within 15 minutes without no intervention. 8 00 on lectures in history. What this opportunity gave them is an opportunity to go to college. They saved some of that money and spen set themselves through college. They sent siblings through college. They became doctors and lawyers. One became the first female manager of any department at northrup airlines. They became principles, surgeons, politicians, pilots and they were able to do that because they had access to professional baseball. Marshall University Professor cap williams on how women aided the war effort in and factories and the rise of womens baseball leagues, including the league featured in the movie a league of their own. Sunday night at 10 00 on road to the white house rewind. Ladies and gentlemen of the convention, my name is Geraldine Ferrara. [applause] stand before you to proclaimed tonight america is the land where dreams can come true for all of us. President 4 vice acceptance speech of new york congresswoman Geraldine Ferrara at the Democratic National convention in san francisco. She was the first woman to be nominated for Vice President by a major party. For the complete American History tv weekend schedule, go to www. Cspan. Org. Next, Vice President joe biden talks about economic inequality, institutional racism, and his career in politics. Mr. Biden addressed the National Urban league and is introduced by the groups president , marc morial. Let me thank all of you for three tremendous days in the nation capital for engaging, walking, speaking, talking and pushing the very important agenda for the people we serve. Did yourselves a warm round of applause. Le there are many important people here in the audience, i would be remiss if i did not take knowledge the pres fromof the congresswoman the great state of ohio and the city of columbus. [applause] the former secretary of labor and now, senior vice chair of the National Arbor league board of trustees National Urban league board of trustees. Chicago when we met in and we asked the Vice President to come, the Vice President came. In 2014, when we met in cincinnati and we asked the Vice President to join us, the Vice President came and joined us. I am proud this morning once again to welcome to the National Urban league, the honorable joe biden. Now, as i prepare the main street marshall plan, i share with you during the release of the 2015 state of black america on tuesday. I reflected on the following joe bidens memoir. He wrote, and the days to come we will be tested on whether we have the moral courage, the realism, the idealism, the tenacity and the ability to sacrifice some of the current comforts to invest in the future. Joe biden is a friend to the urban League Movement through every step of his career. In helping us get the affiliate in wilmington, delaware over a decade ago. He has exemplified moral courage, idealism, and tenacity as a champion for civil rights, workers rights, and the rights of communities of color. With great gratitude for his unwavering dedication and the greatest respect, i am proud to present Vice President biden with a 2016 Lifetime Achievement award for his leadership and service. On behalf gentlemen, of the National Urban league, the urban League Movement, the people we represent all across the nation, i am proud to present to you the Vice President of the United States, joe biden. [applause] [cheers and applause] joe biden hello, everybody. It is great to see you all. Please sit down. [cheers and applause] joe biden as i say in parts of my state and city, my name is joe biden. You think im kidding. Im not kidding. He is president , but to me, he is still the mayor. He has always gotten things done and that is how we got to know each other things ago. Mr. Mayor, i embrace the on thecance of the award consequence of the organization presenting the award. And you do the same thing. The consequence of the people behind the award. And this means a lot to me. This means a lot to me. Because the leak is consequential. , i was in your hometown yesterday. Eating jennys ice cream. [laughter] joyce represents the district, which includes the town most people dont realize is one of the biggest towns in the state, city in the state. We were doing something that joyce fought a long time for, i wanted folks to know. We are changing the administration, the role that constitutes over time. It will give a pay raise to 4. 5 Million People who deserve it, people who are mislabeled management who are working 70 hours a week and getting paid for 40. We change that yesterday and we did it in your hometown. [applause] marc when i heard was standing backstage say, when he invited me, i came. Yall cant get rid of me. Whe been chasing you my ole career. I meant what i said, although we did not have an urban lake in inmington an urban league wilmington for the longest time. Aa,ot my start with the nc and i literally mean i got my start. I was involved in the civil rights movement, sitting in church is on sundays and getting ready to go out and marched. It was interesting. There was a guy named jim gilliam, it was a great civil rights leader in my town. He moved into delaware right around the time i was Getting Started as a young lawyer. I got out of law school and had a good job with, what are they call, a white shoe law firm. Therey after six months was a federal court is with honorable men and women. We won this court is representing a corporation and i realize, this isnt for me. Cornerd cap thaddy to the building that housed the Public Defenders Office and i asked for a job as a public defender. In 1968. Ed i came home and like all of heroes. Y two i dont have a lot of heroes, but those i had were dr. King and bobby kennedy. Dr. King was assassinated that spring. And my town was one of the towns that literally went up in flames. We were one of the only towns occupied by the National Guard for nine months. People were standing on the corners with drawn b they bayonettes. Ther work did not move me at all that i was doing. And so, along came this guy named jim gilliam. And he was an incredible guy. Tony had a guy named working for me. Where are you, tony . Tony worked for me, as i said earlier. He said he wanted to get a phd, and i said, go ahead and get it while you are working for me. And then, the son of a gun left me. He got a pdh and figured, hey, im way ahead of joe biden, ive got to move on. [laughter] joe biden you have been incredible. For the past 100 years, the urban league has led the fight for Racial Justice with an emphasis all the time on economic opportunity, not just basic fairness, but o economic opportunity. I was talking to my younger Staff Members when i prepared for this last night flying back from your hometown. Ncaa, you know, the and those of us who play little parts like me, removed from the back of the bus to the front of the bus, but you guys are working with the devil. [laughter] [applause] joe biden no, it matters. It matters. And you all recognize that institutions are the overwhelming problems of the legacy of the institutional racism, which we still live with. Nobody wants to say that. I know i sometimes speak out too loudly, but i make no apologies for it. It is no joke. Sometimes it is uncomfortable. But these are uncomfortable times. You have got to shake the status quo a little bit. You know, we see this institutional racism exist today. We see this in voting, in childrens education. Makeup of our neighborhoods, housing patterns, employment, transportation, access to transportation. For more than 100 years, members of this organization have awakened the American People to the realities of the myths. If we let the rest of the country know what the problem is, honestly, they will react to it. Arent bad, they just know what is going on. They are working with the devil just to put three squares a on the table a dqy. Three squares on the table a day. They are not familiar in a real sense until you bring it to them. You bring it to them. Whato, we found out that happened is the urban leagues executive director back when i was a kid, he was one of the guys we all looked to, whitney young. He proposed a dramatic marshall plan. Is unlike what the mayor talking about, but it was really consequential at the time and became the foundation, the foundation for the war on poverty. I never knew lyndon johnson. The year he died and i attended his funeral as a 30 role kid who just got funeral as a 30yearold kid who just got elected to the United States senate. This guy did more than anybody else did for civil rights. That war on poverty was about medicaid and the institution, but he knew that if an africanamerican child, or a working family did not have access to health care, to be healthy, everything got lost. Everything got lost. , medicaid was the single biggest beneficiary immediately with africanamericans. There had been no health care coming into those communities. Housing, the mayor new africanamericans could not achieve success unless they lived in safe places. The playground you can set your kid to, you dont want to worry that they are going to come home beat up. You want to send them to a Public School that you know they have a chance to mabye, maybe, maybe, maybe go to college. Maybe. Only 7 did those days. We are still not that far along. It is just 20 now, by then it was just 7 . A headstart, because he knew, they knew, long before anybody wanted to admit it, that it really mattered. It really mattered, those eraly arly years. We now know it matters from the time they bring the baby home from the hospital. H we could do,ch be goo put it matters. Headstart was all about saying, the fact of the matter is, we are behind the curve, we have to give you a headstart. The headstart was not to get ahead, it was just too maybe catch up. All of those guys talking about bell curves back in those days, remember . How black children did not have the same cognitive people ability of white children, give me a break. [laughter] really. N no, no, no thank god, young people in the world may not remember that, but that was standard operating procedure. That is what headstart was about. Been, as someve of you know, ive been a very strong supporter of hbcus. That used to be hbcs. Now does hbcus. Think that event i think i have been to more hbcus than anybody else has in my job. It was sort of a big sign back there that said, hope. Um, and pell grants. What are pell grants about . It wasnt just africanamericans, but you had to be poor. You had to have a low income. And we would give you assistance to get to college. That you couldnt get before. Well, guess what . The majority of black folks were poor. So it mattered. It mattered. And job corps. President knew he couldnt see economic success without a stable, decent paying job. The whole point was, it didnt solve the problems. But its the first time in my view in our history a president faced squarely the economic realities of what was 250 years of institutional racism. Some of it not intended but just built into the system, baked into the cake. Baked into the cake. And it mattered. Mr. Mayor, everything you guys have done and worked on has been worked off of. Those basic fundamental principles that underlie every one of the great societys programs. Its always talk about the money and whether its wasted or not. It was the principle behind each of these things. The Democratic Party just finally established, put a stamp on it. So, nobody argues today that malnutrition doesnt affect mentalmental developmental capabilities. Back then, it was viewed as separate. No one argues today. We argue about whether were going to do anything about it. But im serious. Think about it. And so, the irony here is that when the president and i took office, you all know, the economy was in free fall. Im not going to recount how bad it was. You know how bad it was, because it was particularly bad for poor folk, and particularly bad for africanamerican and hispanic poor folk. They were hit the hardest. Last in, first out. If they were in, they were out. Before i lowered my right hand from being sworn in on january 20, wed already lost 776, i think that is the number. 776,000 jobs that month alone. We lost over 800,000 before the month ended. And for the next four months, we lost 800,000 jobs a month. So when the president and i, and we did, the president and i, with real expert help, but we sat on the 60th, 70th story of that building in chicago during the interregnum period between being elected and being sworn in, putting together the cabinet and putting together the details of what we were going to do, we came up with a thing called the recovery act. Turned out to be almost 1 trillion. Thanks to the help of the congresswoman in here and the congressmen and senators, we barely passed it. Remember, my friend harlan specter, i convinced to change parties. He voted with us, and it passed. [laughter] joe biden no, not figuratively. Literally. It was not passing until that point. It not only kept the economy, now 85, i think thats the number, the university of chicago, a brilliant institution, not the most liberal one. The school of chicago economics, i think they did a survey and it said 84 of economists said it helped prevent depression or raise us out of a significant recession. But we wanted to do more than that. You tell me if im taking too much time, ok . [laughter] joe biden sorry. But i think this is really its the reason why were in, the reason why were doing what were doing, man. I come from a wealthy state of delaware. Ive always gotten great support. I won big in the state. By won seven times in the senate. In the corporate state of america, i dont have anything against rich folk, i mean that. Theyre as patriotic as poor folks, but they dont need me. Rich folks dont need me to look out for their interests. Thats not why i ran. Thats not why i got involved. Protect their security, but theyre going to do ok without joe biden out there hollering for them. Unless you all are hollering for the people were with, theyre not going to do ok. Theyre not going to do ok. So heres the point. The thing thats missed about the recovery act that we didnt advertise it, didnt hide it, but didnt advertise it. We used that almost 1 trillion, 840 billion, i think it was, spent in it 18 months, and by the way, every outside group, you may remember when the president said sheriff joe will now enforce it. Ok, well, sheriff joe is proud. Every outside organization points out, less than 0. 2 wasted fraud. The most significantly administered, Biggest Program in American History. And no fraud or waste. But heres the point. Built inside that was a way to begin to change the way we governed. Oh yeah, it was all this money for stimulus, but take a look. It had 100 billion spent in 18 months for education. The largest single investment in one fell swoop. 100 billion we spent. God we had a guy like arne duncan who knew what he was doing. 50 billion went into your cities to stabilize schools in inner cities. 50 billion. Look at all the inner city neighborhoods, down in louisiana, down in your old city of new orleans. What would have happened . These kids were already behind. They lose 25 of their teachers, they close, they get doubled up, classroom size increases by 50 . They learn less, and theyre further behind. 50 billion went in just to keep teachers on the job. We focused on improving the lowest performing schools, to which too often are the only schools, the only ones available to africanAmerican Children. 15 billion in there for housing, because africanamerican families invested disproportionate share of their wealth in their homes. 50 billion for transportation. Joe, what the hell does that have to do with africanamericans . Well, guess what guys, any of 107 from age 45 to my age, [laughter] joe biden by the way, one of my athletes is Satchel Paige and one of the reasons why, he didnt get to the majors because of jim crow, he didnt get to the majors until he was 45. He pitched a win when he was 47. Sports writers came in and said, satch, 47, no one has ever pitched a win at that age. How do you feel, a win on your birthday . 47 years old. He said, boys, that is not how i look at it. They said, how do you look at it . You said, i look at it this way. How old would you be if you didnt know how old you are . Im 42. [laughter] joe biden but heres the point. We talked about an undergraduate school and graduate school and a lot of you studied about the urban sprawl. Remember . Hollowing out cities. Well, guess what . The millenials are moving back to cities faster than any time in modern history. But heres what we have now. We have job sprawl. So, the jobs are in the counties. Our folks are in the cities. You have a disproportionate share of africanamericans living in cities who to not own an automobile. In the city of detroit, which i spent a lot of time in, 26 dont families dont own an automobile. You cant have a job if you cant get there to the interview. So, weve put a lot of money into transportation. Meaning, everything from street cars to buses to rail transit. Connecting inner cities to the suburbs. Show you how things have changed, i remember i was a county council person, in new castle county, delaware. When i was there in 1970, it was the Fastest Growing county in america for the metropolitan standard district theyre in. And remember that program that used to be on, the one with unt, what was it called . Candid camera. Joe biden candid camera. To make the point about my state of delaware, theres a fourlane access highway that goes from downtown wilmington into pennsylvania on the way to chester, pennsylvania. And theres a big median strip right as you cross the line from pennsylvania delaware to pennsylvania. And allen had a giant sign erected, like a billboard, in saying,an strip delaware closed today, overcrowded. And people turned around. People were stopping and turning around, going back. [laughter] joe biden but guess what, you were going fast. I was bright young councilman, i was 27 years old, and i said why dont we have better transportation . I put together a whole big deal about transit and bus transit, and i couldnt get votes for it. You know what i find out . Finally at a town meeting they said, we dont want them coming out here. Not a joke. Remember . Those of you old enough, remember . Well, you all got to get out there to get a job. We cut the payroll tax by 120 billion. Payroll tax. Every working africanamerican got a pay cut if they had a job. We put 40 billion in there for emergency Unemployment Benefits, remember they werent paying Unemployment Benefits or extending Unemployment Benefits . It didnt just help africanamericans, it helped everybody in need. But disproportionately, you all were hit the hardest. So, you benefited the most from it. Look, we tried to do a mini version of adding on of what you are trying to do right now. Look, we tackled what we believed would be the most important elements to generate real growth. Health care. Health care. The Affordable Care act. Bringing Health Insurance to 21 of africanamericans who had no Health Insurance. Almost a quarter of every africanamerican before we did this had no Health Insurance at all. We increased medicaid. Look at all the africanamerican families and poor families in america that have been helped by that. We increased pell grants. Pell grants. We made college deductible up to 10,000 over four years. Eight million more kids are in college with pell grants. I dont know the number, but a disproportionately high number are africanamericans. Theyre in college now because of what you all did. We expanded the earned income tax credit and Child Tax Credit to let 2. 8 million africanamerican families, including 1. 5 million black children out of poverty just by that one thing. [applause] joe biden not enough. Through doddfrank, everybody things doddfrank is were going on, cant be too big to fail. But guess what . We also set of the Consumer FinancialProtection Agency to go after payday loans. I dont see a Payday Loan Office in my neighborhood. Aint my neighborhood, but guess what . I can take you to all the neighborhoods i worked, and theres a payday loan on every fifth corner. We did one other thing. We started looking at, and one of the things i give my you expect me to say this, but i give my deceased son, bo, credit for. He was attorney general in the state of delaware, he did a lot, really, he comes from the community. I promise you. Ask anybody from delaware about him. But he was one of the guys that wouldnt go along with our administrations agreement to settle with the banks. And he said, dad, im sorry. I said, keep going. [laughter] joe biden and guess what . He got tens of millions of dollars in refunds. Several billion dollars in refunds. But the one thing we focused on, he focused on the fact that a lot of mortgages that were given to africanamericans during this period were basically fraudulent. There were over 110 million in fines because of what happened to africanamerican families. And with hbcus, i recently spoke at a commencement at delaware state for the third sort of my swan song as the senator from delaware, i guess im the Vice President , the Vice President from delaware. [laughter] joe biden i cant get it through my head. Look, i was senator theyre like, no, youre Vice President. Youre Vice President now. [laughter] joe biden you all think im kidding, im not kidding. [laughter] joe biden but we all know that hbcus are vital to helping young africanamericans reach the middle class. And we know all the study, you all know the studies about lots of times when the disadvantage of being put into an academically or a circumstance where you are an overwhelming minority and how the social pressure impacts on academic achievement and the rest. Thats why an awful lot of very, very successful and consequential black american middle class and upper class families send their kids to hbcus first before they send them off to harvard and yale and other graduate schools. But my point is this. Its important, and thats why the president and this is the president. I strongly supported it, but in 2010, we committed almost 1 billion, 850 million over 10 years to support hbcus that are struggling right now. Job Training Programs like the 4 billion trade adjustment act. Community College Career training fund. How many people we put together, and those of you who represent major cities, how many jobs we connected to Community Colleges, getting people retrained. So look, were now pushing for two years Free Community college. And [applause] and i quite frankly think we could afford four years of college at public institutions. But heres the deal. You hear, and one of the things that bothers me about my team is democrats, republicans i mean, congressmen, senators, and the rest of us, we dont explain how we can afford it. Every time we say Free Community college, it costs 6 billion a year. It does. It would increase the number of people in Community College from six million to nine million. It would increase the g. D. P. 2 , which outweighs that by a factor of i dont know what. They go, oh, there goes the big spending democrats. Well guess what . We ought to explain how we do this stuff. For example, when i was a senator in the 1980s with reagan, we had, in the tax code, about 700 billion a year in tax expenditures, fancy word for tax loopholes. Some legit, some not. Mortgage deductions theyre all supposed to have, either promote investment or promote growth or meet a social need. Well, thats now 1,300,000,000,000 that doesnt go in the treasury we didnt collect because of tax loopholes. All youve got to go out there is go out there, to pay for it, theres a thing called stepped up bases. Your daddy or mommy can buy 1 million worth of stock. Doesnt have to be 1 million, could be 10 worth of stock. A year later, its worth 2 million, and they sell it. They have to pay Capital Gains tax on the Million Dollar increase. Its less than the tax rate theyre in but you have to pay a tax. But if the day before daddy sells it and passes away, god for bid, and leaves it to marry or jamaal or whatever, guess what . They dont pay any tax. Its called stepped up bases. Theres no tax paid, because it starts off the basis of what the person who inherited that. You know how much that costs the treasury every year . 17 billion a year. It affects theyre good people. It affects 0. 3 to 0. 4 of the american public. They are already wealthy, and they are good people. The last thing they need is another 17 billion tax cut. Theres no evidence it increases productivity in any way. It is not a punishment, there is just no evidence. If you took 6 billion of that 17 billion, youll increase gdp by. 2 , raising everybody up. And youre going to have a better educated public, cutting in half the cost of fouryear colleges, and you have another 11 billion reduce the deficit. So weve got to start arguing with our republican friends when they start telling us about how all this stuff costs so much money. Were the ones talking about increased productivity. Were the ones talking about better training for people to have jobs in the future, etc. So i guess what im trying to say is the recovery act calls for the most aggressive support for cities in the history of the United States. It embedded experts across the government and the city halls to help mayors tackle the biggest problems, new bus systems, Broadband Network in fresno, california, new roads, walkways in youngstown, ohio. So Young Children could walk to school safely. Greenways connecting historically segregated sides of rocky mountain, north carolina. I could go on and on and on. But as much Technical Assistance as our exports gave cities, the cities taught us a lot more. How to work around the old topdown, one size fits all. Working directly with cities, forming lasting partnerships rather than just a voice on the telephone from d. C. I gave you, i gave you a number of examples, but let me talk about one city for just a second, detroit. My legislative guy, don graves, he was the point person for the entire effort to bring detroit back off its back, onto its knees, and up to its feet, and he helped them leapfrog over where they had been. Theyve got a great mayor there who moved back in and is doing an incredible job. We provided Technical Support for 60,000 new l. E. D. Streetlights, saving the city 3 million a year, but guess what . Lighting up the parts of the city that had no lights and werent safe at all. Now the city is no longer in the darkness. Kids can walk home from school after dark. More than 800 abandoned homes were demolished. As you take down the abandoned home, you increase the value of other homes. Now people are moving back in, buying homes that are being reconstructed. They are homes that are worth it. If they were in washington dc or a suburban area theyd be worth 150,000 to 250,000. People are moving back in. Communities that have up to now, they were havens for illicit activity. Homeowners see equity in their homes for the first time in decades. 80 million to help by those 80 new buses so people could get those jobs, work those jobs, come home. Now people can get to work and get to school. They get to their families. As i said, by the way, nationwide, 35 of africanamericans dont have an automobile. To be able to get to work. Despite our successes, we the recovery hasnt been evenly shared. When i spoke to this organization in 2014, i quoted dr. King when he said in the 1967 southern Leadership Conference speech in atlanta, he said, where do we go from here . And then he answered his own question and he said, we first have to honestly recognize where we are now. I apologize for repeating what i said in 2014, but i think its still a relevant question. Where do we go from here . Where do we go . We have to honestly recognize where we are right now. Where things stand right now. Weve made great progress. High School Graduation rates for africanamericans are the highest theyve ever been. Steep followup from africanamerican unemployment 8. 5 . As much progress as we have made, preliminaries and hispanics lag behind their white counterparts. 26 of africanamericans live in poverty. Unemployment for black workers is twice that of white workers. Median income for white workers is nearly double that of black families. Wealth for the typical white family is seven times that of the typical africanamerican family. I could go on and on, you all know it. Inequities in income, wealth, theyre rooted in inequities in opportunity, and theyre rooted deeply in institutional racism most people dont even look at, dont even see. They dont even understand it exists. We cant pretend that children of different races who have the same, have the same opportunities right now in this country even when they have the same capabilities and same background. 40 of black children live in poverty, and over half of black children are born poor, stay poor. Double the rate of white children born poor who stay poor. Im not comparing apples and oranges. Compare apples and apples. One in three American Children live in a house that has food insecurity. Black kids whose dad didnt graduate from high school are more likely not to see their dad are more likely to see their dad in prison before they turn 14 than in a job. Institutional racism exists today, were only slowly beginning to acknowledge it. We acknowledge it, i wont go into it now. There is a whole other speech, black lives matter is a recognition of institutional racism, but it is well beyond, well beyond what happens in terms of enforcement. Let me give you a few examples. Look whats happened since the Supreme Court ruled on the Voting Rights act. Supreme court gutted the Voting Rights act. Its been an assault on the most basic of our civil rights, the right to vote. This year for the first time in a president ial campaign, 10 states will be enforcing restrictive voting laws that didnt exist last election, even though they cant show any evidence that there was any inperson voter fraud, ok . Were fighting this in court from the Justice Department every day, including pushing congress to restore the Voting Rights act. But its a reality. What happened overnight . Where was this great fraud . That all of a sudden occurred, other than the fraud its not fraud, they got elected other than the republicans taking over the house and senate. [laughter] im serious. Tell me, what changed other than that . And taking over the governors seats. Housing. Compare where black middle class families and white middle class families with the same or similar income can live. The key to where they can live is where they can get an affordable mortgage. And whether the Real Estate Broker will sell them a house in the first place. But black families are not being given the same opportunities to break into stable communities with the best schools, because they cant get a mortgage. Same income. Background. Were pursuing this. The red lining that i fought for, and when i was on the banking committee, i was one of the first guys to support, draft the red lining legislation you all ended up getting passed in the 1970s, still goes on today. But its a different way. They dont red line. But its just as destructive. You cant get a mortgage. We acted, finding fining 110 million in shady lending practices. But the result is the same. Black families live in neighborhoods where the average income of their neighbors is 10,000 to 20,000 10,000 to 12,000 less than a neighborhood where a comparable white family would live with the same income. And the children of black families dont have the same opportunities. Theres powerful research that confirms that what youve all known for a long time, neighborhoods, the schools, the neighborhood, the opportunities, the social norms of the neighborhood, are critical in shaping childrens mores, shaping their opportunities. And children from those middle class families who cant move in to a neighborhood that has those norms, they dont get the higher income neighborhoods. And they lose opportunity. But they have the same economic power on paper. Education. Black kids dont get the same access to good schools and resources that their white counterparts do. Its not surprising that the average black child arrives to school the first day of kindergarten than the average white child. You know the numbers. These gaps start even earlier. For example, by the time a threeyearold child in a low income family gets to by the time theyre three, they will have heard 10,000 words spoken. Compare that to the average middle class, not just white but black, middle class family in the middle class neighborhood. Theyll have heard 30 Million Words spoken. Just spoken. Not how many not how big your vocabulary is, just spoken. 10 million versus 30 million. All of you know, you were taught by your mothers, talk to your baby. Constantly talk. Thats how they learn. Thats how they absorb. We cant let anyone define down the capability of black children, which is what is happening. We have to expect much, much more from our children. My mother had an expression, children tend to become that which you expect of them. Dont dumb it down. [applause] thats why with your help, were fighting like the devil for funding of early universal education and professional development, teacher quality, to reach children in low income neighborhoods, because it matters when you get them earlier. Thats why were fighting for, as i said, two years Community College, because 12 years of education look, if your kids, your grandkids are going to write a senior thesis at a university 15 years from now, and theyre going to look back and say, why didnt they know that it mattered how early you intervened . And what made them think that 12 years of education was enough in the 21st century . What made anybody think that . The rest of the world has awakened. The reason why we were so dominant is we were the first nation in the world, including our european friends, to have 12 years of universal education. Beginning in the 1950s and 1960s, other nations started to catch up