Changed, the ecosystem has changed because of the power of one person. To all of the commissioners agree . Mrs. Clyburn all of the commissioners agree with me on principle. In terms of application, there are differences. You may have noticed there were 2 persons who did not agree. One did not vote for it proactively. Again, i think everyone wants. Elief they did not necessarily agree on the course we took, but i think it was the most balanced, fair, and best for relief. Lets bring John Mckinnon into the conversation. Talk about the procedures under way, and what will happen for families. Are they able to make a call at lower rates, is that starting to happen . Mrs. Clyburn we are going to, in addition to responding to those challenges in the immediate term, we will allow for a sixmonth transitional window for the majority of the providers. Families are already seeing some relief. Those who make intrastate calls have arty scene relief. Some states have arty acted. Already acted. People have seen a relief because a public cry. For the bulk of the country if all goes well in terms of the challenges, within the next six months to eight months, everything will be enforced and we will see incredible differences when it comes to families staying in touch. Peter what is the difference between what they pay now and consumer that does not have a loved one in cars or rate it . No. Clyburn there is almost difference. You do not think about the number of minutes you stay on the telephone because you have allyoucaneat, especially when it comes to text or voice. You dont think about how long you stay on the phone. There is not an Economic Impact on you. For these families, they are charged by the minute and often charged by the minute and that is whether the call quality is there or not. They are charged a minimum, whether the call drops or not. These families, in addition to the rates being outrageous, often they do not get the services they paid for. They challenge the long exhaustive process dealing with a provider that would frustrate any person, especially for those whose families are often the most economically challenged in our nation. There isnon i gather an additional concern regarding video links . Mrs. Clyburn one thing we did that isnt complete when it comes to this item, is a program , or regime, called video visitation. It is what it sounds like. You would have a video conversation with someone behind prison walls. We did not have enough in the record to really say how much that should be in terms of charges. What we are hearing from advocates and families is that these prices are outrageous. Not in the entire visitation dynamic is changing because of it. We know of some people who even go on to the facilities or closer to the facilities who are still using video visitation. They cannot see their families. Ther than from the neck up what does that mean . You may not know of some in cap and physically. You cannot see. The types of interaction is very limited. We are asking questions about how this is used, how much it is costing families, and if we should do some thing about this as we have done with traditional voice. Peter do you need a congressional buy in to proceed . Mrs. Clyburn i would love a state and local by the end to proceed. Things could be best handled on the state level, the county level. In terms of where the decisions are made, these county facilities and state facilities are the ones engaging in contracts with the providers. I would love to see more interaction with my colleagues at the state level, the public utility commissions, and where they do not have authority at the state level in the legislature, i would like legislators to act. That is where true reform happens. To me, this is a ceiling. Relativelyre still high depending on the sizw of the facility. What would make an incredible difference for families is true reform in each and every state to ensure that the individuals can affordably speak. Inmatetalking about reforms or prison reforms. Real reforms cant happen if people cannot be in touch with their lawyers, if people dont stay in touch. We have reset a visit and rates as high as 70 for those who have been in facilities for fiveyears or more. Strangersme as because they cannot keep in touch. We need the same regime for the price those individuals pay. The only way it can happen is at the state level. Concerns isf your that actual contact will be reduced because it is costing so much to stay in touch . Mrs. Clyburn people that have kept regular contact with those in prison is 38 . The bulk of those individuals dont stay in touch. When 700,000 are released every year, that is the number that go them go home as strangers. Most of them are back within five years. We have to really look at the causes of that. I think one of the primary causes is people go home as strangers because they have not kept in touch for the life or links of the sentence. We can do something about this. Peter are these companies involved, the phone companies . Mrs. Clyburn they are not the normal players. The bulk of the industry is through entities owned by hedge funds who enter into contracts with the facilities. One of the biggest bribers or reverse incentives is the lowest bid doesnt win. The highest bid that gives a commission to those facilities are the ones who get the contracts. That means that those rates have been pushed up and up. A not the market functional market as we know it. It is a dysfunctional market that is broken. That is why we acted. Peter commissioner clyburn, one of the other issues the fcc is facing is a new proposal on settop boxes. What do you think of chairman wheelers proposal . Mrs. Clyburn it is a new proposal but an old conversation. You may remember the old proceedings in the day that really looked at what are the options or not that people have when it comes to contact coming into their home . What the chairman has observed of us note is 99 percent who pay for television have a set top box we rent from the provider. Outside entities are taking issue not only with the construct that there is a lack of competition, but what can be viewed or downloaded over that particular device. ,hat this proposal will make and i think some of the headlines have been misleading, it is a proposal of rulemaking for us to have a conversation in an fcc way to see what the universe looks like to see if it is a competitive to see if competition is warranted. We will have input from a number of bodies to see exact what the this of play is in environment, and what, if anything, we should do to change it. Peter a month ago we had the former chair of the fcc and head of the National Cable and telecommunications association. Consumers dont want more boxes. Hulu and amazon prime are proving that streaming has been invention that is overtaking what people relied on the box to do. Dvr is important, but as dominant,become more it becomes less significant to a lot of consumers. Because i can just stream it. Once, 10 times, rewind, and move it forward. A of content is being provided advertisement free in binge consumption. That is the direction consumers have been responding to. Saying, the fcc wants to create another Video Service around boxes and they cable guy to inventory and deploy another box to make that possible. We think it is so retrograde. It is the way competition was perceived in the 1990s, and not the way it has unfolded and is conceived in 2015. Mrs. Clyburn what im hearing is that we want user friendly interfaces. We want options. We want to be able to take advantage of the opportunities that that box or any other device or means has to offer. That is an open item. I cannot speak with too much specificity. I will pay in terms of those advocates is that they want that device in the home and they want it to be opened to all types of plot forms. Types of plot forms. Platforms. If i do not have a relationship with a cable or satellite entity, how does my programming get seen . I would love to be able to take advantage of that device. To be able to download or view over that device. These are the types of issues that will be t cap. Whether that device should be orictly under the management the purview of the satellite and cable providers, or whether or not it should be neutral and open to all potential programmers. In the discussions we will have, this series of questions and more will address that. Whether or not there will be an event pathway in terms of that, or whether or not the current regime, in the heads of the multi channel video providers, whether or not they will have the strength to retain the holdover that. You mentioned the independent programmer. Explain more about the problem many of them face. Why do they have trouble getting access . Mrs. Clyburn ive heard from independent programmers who have called me to say, will you get the cable or Satellite Companies to return my calls to have a conversation . Ive heard them saying the term they have entered into if they ever get to that point is such that their Business Models arent working. Are twoearing, there items that will be in february. This wine that you speak about , and ahe set top boxes programming notice of inquiry that will look at the entire ecosystem of whether or not about the competition or programming or amount in the markets. Whether or not that is a functional or dysfunctional marketplace. There are programmers who are haveg we mostfavorednation clauses. I entered into a contract with you, and you come behind, and you may negotiate on less favorable terms than i did. What will happen . You are able to apply what you have entered into a relationship with, that now applies to me. My entire business construct that i negotiated with you oneonone is disrupted. Everything that i negotiated based on my circumstances no longer applies. Both of these items are complementary in a way that they are looking at whether or not consumers have choice, if there are options, or whether we should have a standard body looking at whether or not everyone should be able to download or use this particular device. Or, if it will maintain its current construct, which is in the hands of those who provide you the talks that you rent every month. Thisclyburn do you think relates to the problem of overthetop video and peoples access to overthetop providers . Ignoreyburn you cannot the rest of the go system. When i mentioned that programming, a lot of people talk about overthetop. If you have terms and conditions makingohibit me or are it attractive for me to use those other platforms, how does how do things flourish in that perspective . It is looking at whether or not these platforms that i will have the ability and option to thehase, and even if i keep current regime, what do i have access to . That is at the heart of the debate. Talk also about the consumers side. How big of a concern is that for you . Mrs. Clyburn consumers are 6ing on average of 5 or per month. They are paying hundreds of dollars a year. Some of them want more options. They want the device. They wanted to be more to them than a singular relationship with the current programming construct of the satellite or cable provider. Part of what we will discuss is if we should do that. What type of choices and competition is out there. Those who are saying we want more diverse programming options, what is the best way for us to facilitate that without disrupting what is already phenomenal in the existing space . Mr. Mckinnon Michael Powell was saying basically the world is moving past these devices, yet the proposed rulemaking is focused on devices. He says it is ignoring the new world of apps. Do think that is fair . Mrs. Clyburn i think what the chair has proposed is lets have a conversation about a more neutral standard. The questions that will be queued up and what is being proposed is to look and establish a standardsetting that will include those from the industry and other advocates that will look at how do we truly make this open and neutral a platform so consumers can have more options . The old proceedings were very particular in terms of choosing another. Orm over choosing a technology. This proposes to allow the in and sets a way its own standards. Ideally people will have more options at the end of the day. Peter when it comes to broadband deployment a new report by the fcc says it isnt being done quickly enough. Of Americans Still dont have access is what the report is saying, to broadband. Tot tools does the fcc have increase that . Mrs. Clyburn what we are doing is really trying to focus on where the 34 Million People live , and to have targeted, streamlined, and efficient means of addressing that. We have, for number of years, whichhe High Cost Fund, is now called the collective america fund, which is 4 million annually to address these needs. We have done a pretty good job of closing those communications divides. We have not done a perfect job. 34 Million People are still without. We are having conversations about how we can more efficiently look at those communities, where we should expand our resources. We are looking at the lifeline program. Course. A parallel we have to make sure the technology and infrastructure is in the ground, but if people cannot afford to take advantage of it, we look at Building Technology bridges to nowhere. We need to look at it as no one to perspective to make sure we are spending money wisely. I continue to marvel that those gettings in aspect are high cost support while there are people in the most economically challenged regions in this country are not getting enough. And that money is flowing. We will look at that and ask hard questions, and redirect money where it should best low grade the next time i come on this show, the number will be substantially lower than 34 million without. If we dont do it that way, we will have the same conversation next year. Peter yet another theory that people are not participating because it is a financial cost, but they do not want to say that out loud, in terms of broadband. Mrs. Clyburn in terms of the lifeline program, another universal service and that seeks to meet the economic challenges for 30 years it has been part of our dynamic and focused on voice only. We do not live in a voiceonly world. That is evident in terms of teenagers and present company included. We need to look at how people communicate, how the world ourunicates, and what general tips are, our National Priorities. Our National Priorities include getting people connected and enabling them to have more access to the goods and services, needs, of their community in terms of education, health care, and public safety. How can we do that . We are proposing to recalibrate that program that meets the economic challenges individuals modern,d to make it make it one that is dignified, take them out of the embarrassing tents, you have seen on idiom. On video. To design a program that meets the current needs of americans, which includes advanced Communication Services, and that is broadband. Peter when do you hope to reach a conclusion on lifeline . This has been under debate for some time. Mrs. Clyburn i am hopeful within the coming months. I have to be careful because i am not the chair. I would want it tomorrow. This is something that he cares about. He recognizes that if we reformed this program and the right way, we get the carriers at of the certification business. With leverage resources existing programs like snap and others with a database of eligible participants, if we do those things and more we could have a program that meets the needs of communities, and it does not penalize people who ht be low income relegating them to being on the other side of the Digital Divide for years to come. We have substantial opportunities to address that with a High Cost Fund for infrastructure and with the lifeline of programs when it comes to affordability of services. Im looking forward to doing those. That is the only way we will really close the digital and communications divide in this country. Mr. Mckinnon when do you think the Digital Divide gets closed mrs. Clyburn . That i knowestion as Technology Evolves we will probably almost to get there. Often, people want to put a period time that sentence. I did not get hung up about behind a comma sentences, because i know the subject changes when it comes to technology over time. We are living in a global society. Im going to a School Tomorrow to speak at my parents alma mater. One thing i hope to convey is you are not only competing with people in south carolina, the united states, your competition comes from the entire people like your age from the entire group. You need to be ready. That question, im hopeful to be able to say will never be answered. We will never put a period the hind it. We should always be evolving, improving, and bridging gaps so that people can help themselves. Individualsenabling to help themselves. Providing them with technological means to get in touch with that dr. So their health can improve. Do have Educational Options for they might not have certain language or courses in their schools. To bridge those gaps so that these divides, the opportunity divides, how do we use technology to close them . Again, that question, hopefully as Technology Grows will be an ever evolving standard. Peter one minute left. Mr. Mckinnon you mentioned Technology Closing the gap. Talk about what the technology is we need to have to get it to zero. Mrs. Clyburn i have happy to say there is no the technology. An array of technologies. We are celebrating the 20th anniversary of the telecommunications act. Think about with the universe looked like in 1990 six. All of these things we are debating and talking about were visions in a lab. We are now applying them in real time. Today, tologies of me, are what the vehicles are that you need to improve your lives. To stay connected with your community. To stay in touch with individuals. That is what it is. I love the fact that it is individualized. That it depends on the individual. That it is not limiting, it is all empowering. I am grateful that for the past six years i have been a part of this ever evolving evolutionary standard. Peter federal Communications Commissioner mignon clyburn, is it difficult to regulate an act that is 20 years old . Mrs. Clyburn it is a challenge. It is one that i welcome. It recognizes and is for that if we put the framework in place if we allow innovation to thrive, the sky is the limit. There are pressures to update, theres always a realization that at the foundation, the very core of this act, is a desire to have more options and competition. Advanced Communication Services that are affordable and accessible to all here that will never be outdated. Peter john mccain and, thank you as well. John mckinnon, thank you as well. Created bycspan, americas Cable Companies 35 years ago and brought to you as a Public Service by your local cable or satellite provider. The u. S. Marshal service confirm Supreme CourtJustice Antonin Scalia was found dead at a private residence in the big bend area of south texas. The services spokeswoman said he had retired for the evening and was found dead in the morning when he did not appear for breakfast. Officials say it appears the justice died of natural causes. He was a longestserving justice on the current court, nominated in 1986 by president reagan and confirmed by a vote of 980. He was 79. In 2012, Justice Scalia was a guest on cspans q a. This is just over this week on q a our guest is Supreme Court associate justice antonin skull. Is called reading the law. Interpretation of legal texts. Lamb your book reading the law, why now . Why now . Calia because i finished working on it. Brian lamb how important is this book . This is theia first time i really tried to pull together all of the interpretive causes that i consider important, textualism, and regionalism