Tonight here on cspan beginning at 8 00 eastern. Night at 8 00 eastern, highlights from the Democratic Convention with the first lady, michelle obama. President obama and Hillary Clinton saturday at 8 00 p. M. Sunday, highlights from the Republican Convention 10 30 a. M. Eastern with senator ted cruz, mike pence and donald trump as well. Ricky in maryland. Republican line. Go ahead. Caller good afternoon. I thinking because donald trump doesnt really want to win. 1998 that he would run as a republican because he believes republicans are done. He said he could lie to them and they would believe everything he says. Last week and this week, you cannot compare the tapered that is disappointing. Last week and this week, you cannot compare the two. That is disappointing. I dont know whats going on. People have to be careful. This guy will put the country back to looking like a third world country. The speech by donald trump and the speech by Hillary Clinton sidebyside, these were clouds of the most common words in the speeches and Donald Trumps speech, country, americans, people my trade and speech lasttons atht, you can find that twitter. Com cspan. Calvin in pennsylvania on our others line. Caller america is a great country. Despite what anybody says. I know what it means to go without food. God bless america. Every time i listen to the American National anthem, i cry. Let us look at the present. You can insult someone right from the podium. I like donald trump but right by the present, not the past. What is present, we can see clearly. Host thank you for your call. We want to remind you that Hillary Clintons speech will reair tonight at 8 00 eastern here on cspan. Part of our coverage of the conventions included discussions offsite, related discussions the Washington Post and the next democratic leader in the senate, Chuck Schumer. He focused on the chances of democrats in the 2016 congressional races. Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for the audience joining us at our dnc headquarters. And to all those watching online and on cspan2. , Congressional Correspondent for the Washington Post. Im here with Chuck Schumer. Chairman the other day said about the senate majority, i think we will get to 51. The question is, how many more . You guys getting the majority . Chuck schumer theres no guarantees, there never are. The odds are more likely than not we will take back the senate majority. The electorate is moving in a democratic direction. When middleclass incomes decline, people tend to be more progressive. Thats what is happening. ,f you look at the polling data people are tending to be more democratic. Vote iswo, the hispanic overwhelmingly democratic. 1830 five will be the largest age cohort in this electric, even if they vote in moderate numbers. They are much more democratic than electorate as a whole. 244push people republicans, democrats. Betteralize that we are for college debt the republicans. They hate the way we finance campaigns. They know we are more on their side. Two, they dont like the odor of discrimination, even bigotry in the Republican Party. Bt, antimuslim, antihispanic. This generation was brought up bigotedh less generation then our generation. I went to high school, i dont think there was an africanamerican or hispanic in my high school which had 5000 people. I did not know any people that were gay or lesbian because this was prestonewall. Nobody would say so. Ups generation has grown with a far greater Diverse Group of friends, acquaintances and they dont like it. They dont like how republicans are acting. It is against their grain. At the top of the list is climate change. The Younger Voters, even republican Younger Voters by a majority believe the federal government ought to take strong action against Global Warming. Put those things together, the electorate shifts democrat. Secondarily, i think trump will do very poorly. He has an amazing verbal acuity and he is buried good at to our harsher motions emotions. That works for about a third of the electorate. 27 Million People voted in the primaries, 14 million republican, 13 million democrat , its more or less that. 130 million will vote in the general election and the people in the middle have voted, that tends to be the people who vote in the primaries tend to be more far left on the democratic side and more car right on the republican side, the people in the middle, trumps appeal is much more limited than to the republican primary voter. Put all that together, things are moving in our direction. Add to that, sorry, its a long answer. Good map, to democratic seats in two democratic seats in jeopardy, anywhere from eight to 11 republican seats in jeopardy. Odds are we will get back the majority. One caveat, the coke brothers. Themselves are pouring a fortune into a good number of our races, i have never seen money like this before. And they are putting much, theyre not spending on the president ial race, theyre not going to support trump and theyre putting all the money here and you know, they outspend us 3 to 1 , they will probably still win. If they outspend us six to one, we will probably still win but the more they spend, not absolutely but ratio wise, the tougher it is. On the other hand, their ads are not as good as ours because we have the issues on our side. Lets go back to the millennials, though. They have trended more liberal over the years but in the president ial race, youve seen a real division in the primary where a lot of the millennials have been very supporters. This week weve seen, we began especially with a lot of protests from the bernie supporters coming out of this convention. Do you have enough unity Going Forward . Chuck schumer absolutely. 95 of the bernie supporters will vote for Hillary Clinton. You guys in the media are finding guys in the funniest hats or the gal in the funniest because they will say the most outrageous things. 100 people walk out of the convention out of 1800 bernie supporters thats where our media attentiveness. I know, i was there. I saw it. 1000 people demonstrate in the streets, i tell you. I have a Good Relationship with the bernie supporters in our delegation in new york. The first day they were upset. By now, most of them are saying theyre voting for hillary , my. 95 percent will vote for hillary and more than half will work for hillary. The anathema of donald trump is stronger with the millennials than any other age group thats going going to push them in our direction. What do you have to do structurally Going Forward and what is the coordination to Hillary Clinton president ial campaign, house races across the map . What do you need to do to execute this campaign . The good news for us is the hillary battleground states and actually the senate state where we have the best chance of picking up seats as a great deal of overlap. Istever legal coordination allowed, we are doing. We are not joined at the hip but were pretty close. Probably the number one factor that will determine whether we take back the senate is what how how well hillary does. I think shes going to do very, very well. President obama said something last night that almost seemed to run counter to what a lot of your Senate Candidates are doing. A lot of your Senate Candidates are saying rob portman equals donald trump. The president in his wellreceived speech said what we heard last week in cleveland wasnt particularly republican and it sure wasnt conservative. Chuck schumer trump is different than the hard right and they both hate government. They both appeal to the hatred of government for Different Reasons but the candidates are having an awful time figuring out how to deal with trump. And that remains, are they supporting them, are they not supporting him, on what issues do they agree with him, on what issues do they disagree . Mcconnell says to them to get forget trump and run a national campaign. Run a local campaign. Sorry, mitch, but this is a National Election if there ever was one. Every cycle, theres always one senate race that is both kind of a Tipping Point and a symbolic definer of what really happened that year. 2006, jim when win in virginia. Jim webbs win in virginia. 2008, al frankens win. In 2014, cory gardner defined the cycle. I wouldnt say a race but i would say the angst in the midwest about trade, about jobs. About incomes. Its going to, you know, you could end up with a situation where pennsylvania, ohio, indiana, illinois, wisconsin and missouri all have to democratic democratic senators. But does trump, the way trump is campaigning, does he play into that sentiment . Here are two points on that. First, the number of bluecollar ice school educated voters we high school educated voters we will lose is smaller than people think because the people who go for trumps appeal , particularly immigration and the , them versus us, theyre already republican. Heres an interesting fact. Educated males, democrats, are proimmigration reform. Republicans are antiimmigration reform. Both high school educated in the same places so in other words the kind of appeal trump has brought about the table, republicans have always been using below the table and is already on a large percentage of those people over. On the other hand, trump is so new this is the second point. For every bluecollar democrat we will use in western pa, we will pick up two or three moderate republicans in the suburbs of philadelphia and you can repeat that in ohio and illinois and wisconsin. Voters who are most out there figuring out what to do are not the bluecollar democrats. They are the College Educated republicans who lean republican or independent and in the suburbs. Lets Flash Forward to january 3 and imagine you guys have taken the majority. You will be the majority leader, not the minority leader. Knock on wood, theres a lot there. Chuck schumer we are in one of these new modern places, wood is unheard of. Its all glass. Chuck schumer they dont even know what formica is these days. That was a big thing in the 1960s, formica. [laughter] what kind of Senate Leader do you envision yourself being . Everyone whos become majority leader in the title covered the senate talks about regular order, refusing power to Committee Chairman and the broadening the leadership and getting more responsibility to other people. What kind of leader do you want to be . Chuck schumer we have a load of talented people in the senate. The quality of our younger democrats, the junior half the senate in the late 1960s and early 1970s, where there are so many giants and we have so much to do. I do hope they will have a lot of say in what goes on the type of senator or Senate Leader i want to be is somebody who gets things done. I think this is serious stuff. We have an economic obligation as democrats to get middleclass incomes moving again. Show the middle class were there that they can say they are, theyre worried they cant. Show those trying to get to the middle class theres an easier way to get there. You have a political obligation because we want to clean up the system. It is such a mess and if we were to get a good majority of the supreme court, i think the odds are high that Citizens United , which is poison, poison would be eliminated. But we have a moral obligation of all to make. If government remains paralyzed which the tea party and the house, Mitch Mcconnell in the senate, has done such a good job of doing, people are on the edge of just totally losing faith in government. Thats the right wings goal, they want them to lose faith in government but more importantly , losing faith in this country. And the sunny, optimistic america that we have always known could go away and we could end up with something a lot different than what we know. I fear that. I told people that if we didnt improve middleclass incomes, this is before trump and bernie, if we didnt improve middleclass incomes five or 10 years from now we have a government are different from the one any of us have known. I have a now, we would government that is far different from the one any of us have known. I worry about that. And the moral obligation is to show the average voter that we can get government moving again, that we can focus on what they need whether its a College Student with that or a worker in the suburbs of Columbus Ohio cant get a good paying job or a woman whos about to retire and use to have Social Security and pension and the pension is gone. If they dont have faith that we can actually do something to situation, god help us. So i think theres a moral obligation and i believe and i will try to lead my caucuses that i can in terms of getting things done. Id rather get things done and not get everything we want then make a lot of speeches, stay pure and accomplish nothing and that to me is not just wouldnt. T be nice what about in terms of Leadership Structure underneath you . Some people out there might not know this but you are a couple master. I was walking in the concourse last night and so you run into brian and katie fallon of your most esteemed couples, former workers got married because they work for you. First question, how many Chuck Schumer couples are there right now . Chuck schumer mike lynch, my chief of staff. Schumer marriage means you met on the staff and got married. 13. And three cooking. Three cooking, thats some pressure. Chuck schumer im not saying who they are. I do try to importune in certain instances. In my characteristically delicate way but sometimes im the last to know. Is it because youre such a demanding boss that they have no life other than the office that the end up getting married together . Chuck schumer the good spin on schumer marriages is that due to my great chief of staff, where we are the closest staff. They celebrate all the holidays together, they had corn beef at someones house in thanksgiving and very nice birthdays so we are a very close group and they go out drinking a lot. [laughter] schumer but we are the closest staff on the hill would be good spin and the bad spin is yours, that they worked so hard they dont have a chance to meet anybody else. But senator tim kaine has one upped you. He actually says the weddings, he has been the officiator. Why havent you officiated . Good story. I officiated on the wedding, it wasnt a schumer wedding that it was my teeth body guy and in new schumer wedding. In new york you cannot be a justice of the peace if you are a senator but massachusetts, he was marrying a young woman from massachusetts and her father knew the governor. The governor can make you justice of the peace for a day. I was justice of the peace, went up there at the wedding, they were nice enough to serve my two favorite foods, peking duck and mocha cake and they got divorced 10 months later. I will not officiate at any more weddings. [laughter] perfect. A little closer to home, new york political questions. Your staffer is the us attorney who has just run roughshod over the culture up in albany. Why is that . Is there something with the new culture . Has it gone too far in some places . Chuck schumer i made a rule particularly after he became the us attorney that i would not mix in. I dont talk to any of the us attorneys, ive had the good fortune to recommend about any case, any ongoing case and i made an effort not to influence them so im not going to answer that question because i think that might do that. All right. A really broad question, then. The National Democratic party has become really more progressive area more liberal on some issues. Theres just a little four years ago where joe biden sort of accidentally said he was for gay marriage and president obama wasnt even there yet. Now, it is part of your platform. 10 years ago, you were chairman of the fcc in a cycle where a lot of the candidates were probably trying to get the nra endorsement and now theyre racing to appear with Gabby Giffords and getting Michael Bloomberg and his backing. Has the party fundamentally moved too coastal, too liberal to appeal to the heartland . Chuck schumer i think the country has moved in a progressive direction on the social issues and on the economic issues. And i think the Republican Party has ignored that change at their peril. I think in good part because of the good work of Bernie Sanders , the Democratic Party has accepted it. I think sanders has made us a Stronger Party and will make us a better nation. Heres one little interesting to think, i may have the numbers somewhat wrong but i believe i have them write. Have the right. Pew does a survey of america and its 20,000 families and its a snapshot of the American Family and its mostly nonpolitical, how long does it take you to go to work . How many times a day do you go to the supermarket, they always ask this question how many times a day do you brush your teeth . And i wondered about that so i went into procter and gamble and bought the survey but theyve until ired about that found out procter and gamble had bought the survey. They ask a handful of political questions and one of them a vast desk one of them, they would ask , are you a moderate, liberal or conservative . Last time there was a major jump, change in that alignment was 1981, reagan revolution and it was 40 moderate. For you young folks, that was so dramatic that was the year i was elected to congress, 1980. New york had seven new congressmen, six republicans in new york, one of the bluest states. So, yes, 40 moderate. It jumped up to 35 percent conservative and liberal went way down to 17. Stayed that way pretty solidly for 40 years until this year. And. Its still 40 moderate but its like 26 or 27 conservative and 23 or 24 liberal which underplays the progressive shift in the electorate because due to our dear friends at fox news , liberal is a dirty word and conservative is a positive word. So i think its the country thats moved over. I think thats one of the reasons we are going to do very well in november. I think the likelihood is hillary wins the presidency by a strong margin, likelihood is we take back the senate and theres even a chance we could get back the house so i think that is where the electorate is moving area the trump problems that the republicans have make that even better for us but even without it, i think it would be a good election for us. Thats pretty much all the time we have today. We will ask one final personal question. You have been competing with pleaing with your recently married daughter to deliver a grandchild. I have not. You did so. She knows. Listen, i am so happy. She married the right guy. Her wedding day was the greatest day of my life. Thats great. Okay, everybody, in a few minutes, we will have dan balls from hillary for america and Campaign Manager robbie k, who will hopefully break some news. Stay tuned. Thanks, everyone. [applause] is holding amp rally in colorado this evening at the air and space museum in denver. You can see that live here on cspan beginning at 9 00 eastern. Donald trump, Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders made the republican and Democratic National conventions a mustsee on tv. Starting at 8 00 eastern, you will see democratic speeches by michelle obama, Bernie Sanders, bill clinton, bloomberg,michael tim kaine president obama, Chelsea Clinton and the except in speech by Hillary Clinton. Sunday morning at 10 3 eastern 10 30 eastern, Rudy Giuliani, tiffany trump, donald trump junior america trump, mike pence, peter teal, you banca trump and donald trump. The cspan radio app and cspan. Org. Former secretary of state Madeleine Albright and former cia director and defense acretary leon panetta joined panel at the university of pennsylvania to discuss the 2016 election. The center for American Progress hosted this event on the sidelines of this weeks convention in philadelphia. It is one hour and 20 minutes. Welcome to philadelphia, im the inaugural director of this extraordinary new institution. N our doors open formally you are invited back to philadelphia for a great, more politically Diverse Panel we will be the university of pennsylvanias Global Public forum. The panelists today are exemplary of the it is my pleasure to introduce the president of the university of pennsylvania, and educational visionary who has championed and a prolific scholar in her own right whose books and articles have traveled with the difficult questions of democracy, identity and equality. The very questions we are all grappling with here in philadelphia. It is my honor and privilege to present the president of the university of pennsylvania. [applause] thank you. Welcome, everybody. It is great to see you all. Thank you, bill, for launching us. I do want to thank richard parry, who made this possible. Thank you, richard. [applause] so, Adlai Stevenson was one of my fathers political heroes. The immigrant experience is very close to my heart and part of my reasons for being. He fled nazi germany, lived in for 14 years before he came to america and met my mother and america was truly the land of freedom, liberty and opportunity for him. Ran twice forn president and he lost twice, but he always had a dry sense of humor that seems appropriate these days. He said in america, anyone can be president. That is one of the risks we take. [laughter] stevenson was a great statesman and diplomat. He served notably as kennedys ambassador to the u. N. Iose were the days where learned politics, not professionally, but just absorbed it through my family. We all think of those days as an era of binary risk. There were the russians and there were the americans. What one or the other did basically defined the parameters of interNational Security. Crude, simple, but a basic truth. We all know that is not the case today. Today, challenges to National Security are defined often by nonstate players and the events and forces of actors across national boundaries. Not that russia is not a factor. But russia is a factor and by no exclusiveprimary, one. This is a great group we have. I was only partially joking with this great group assembled that we have all security bases covered here. Defense,tate and National Security and the armed forces and usaid and Political Affairs and legislative affairs and policy planning and we have great people who have done great things and have passed tremendous wisdom. Albright, madeleine sherman,tta, wendy Jake Sullivan. We have a wonderful moderator as well who will introduce these panelists formally. , getting have crossed you all to pen is a true treat. Thank you all for being here. [applause] i really resonated with Madeleine Albrights speech last night. [applause] making connections is important. I was a big fan of secretary but theneven before, she pulled the mother and grandmother card. We also share being mothers of doctors and even grandmothers of grandsons and it really does teach management skills. There you go. When we talk about national urity today [indiscernible] when we talk about National Security today, the subject matter prominently includes challenges such as i says or pandemic disease, Global Climate change and the solutions are no longer measured mainly in tanks or longrange bombers. Matters. Power and power certainly still matters. The power includes our ideas and understanding, which is why im so pleased to welcome this Amazing Group here today. I have to Say Something about the university of pennsylvania. It is a place where we work hard to maximize the impacts of our quest. An avid quest for knowledge and discovery and understanding. It is at the heart of everything we do. I really do want to focus on the understanding part, the creative understanding part. Trillion tele just working with a colleague in china recently found a forest. Reserved in volcanic ash penn paleontologist. Can we are learning there help predict Global Warming and how it will progress. Another team has developed a rapid lowcost genetic test for zika virus. The ability to rapidly and reliably identify disease outbreaks is the first critical step in effectively controlling them. , our communications working onars are pioneering work, understanding how isis uses the tools of social media and the internet to provoke fear and inspire and what tools are available to combat these terrorist forces before they gather and spread. Suggest inamples this wonderful new building makes manifest and our new facility in beijing makes abundantly clear, penn has a global outlook. American withdly a global perspective and we work in the world and across the world promoting the very ideals that motivate what is most needed today and it can be summed up in one word diplomacy. Diplomatsre great from across a spectrum that is absolutely relevant to National Security. They stand for greater understanding, knowledge and trust among peoples of all nations, for the sake of making , whichntry greater begins with safety, but does not end there. You cannot promote that safety without understanding. I just want to say in conclusion to my remarks how important soft diplomacy is in our world. It is not the only key, but it is a very important key. Meeting greater understanding knowledge and trust among peoples of all nations. Our confronting many of the challenges in todays world and one of the best forms of that diplomacy is what i call educational diplomacy. American universities are admired and recognized as among the very best around the world. As a result of the country send their very best students from of their future leaders in science and business and the humanities and government to us to be educated. Month, penn will welcome the incoming class of 2020. Roughly one in seven of the students who are coming in a few weeks will be International Students from countries other than the u. S. You only have to go back 40 years in 1980, the one in in 1980,about 14 , want to guess what that percentage was . 7 . That is the dramatic change. Hat really speaks volumes for us, it means to be a global institution. We have students coming from and hundredsmbabwe of countries and between. To learn, butenn they go from here with a deep and rich understanding of the u. S. , our relations to the world and our highest values and was profound hopes for the world. Thats most profound hopes for the world. Making a positive impact on our world. That is educational diplomacy. Our work is in a very real sense your work, everybodys work here. In welcoming you here today, i to thinku and urge you of us always as a willing and able partner in the supremely important task of promoting understanding here at home and all across the globe. I cannot think of a higher purpose than doing that. Being someone who works in the world of soft diplomacy and educational diplomacy, i think it is a calling worthy of our partnering with everybody here at home and around the world. In welcoming them all into an inclusive community. It is probably more important than ever to speak that as selfevident as it may seem. Theres a cartoon of a little boy tugging on the coattails of Thomas Jefferson looking up at him and saying come if you take these truths to be selfevident, then why do you keep harping on them so much . They are not selfevident without teaching them. I want to thank you all for being there and i want to thank all the wonderful organizations that partnered with us to make this forum possible. It warm welcome to you all and especially to our panelists. Thank you for joining us. [applause] i will keep this very brief. Do two very quick things. Bill. You to our cosponsors are the truman project, the center for American Progress, action fund and third way. 15 members of the Armed Services or veterans in the audience. We wanted to recognize you for your service before we began. Up. Ou could please stand [applause] with that, i will handed over to you. We will keep this moving along so we have plenty of time for questions at the end. Welcome. , we are in aright time of unprecedented change in the interNational Security environment and in the midst of an unprecedented election. The you think the dynamics of this election are actually impacting American National security right now as we speak . Madeleine albright the answer is yes. I think we are in a very delicate time. I said yesterday that i was concerned about some of the comments that have come out of the other candidate. They are a National Security issue in many ways, just having trump run for president has raised questions about how we see National Security. I do an awful lot of traveling and i was at the warsaw nato summit. They had a parallel summit going on of experts and from there, i went on to the cambridge partrsity in england to be of a discussion about our politics and their politics. I was an very interesting places at a complicated and interesting time. Im a great believer in nato and have followed it from its inception i was born in czechoslovakia. Coups after the communist that nato was created in 1949. Im very proud that i was in. Ffice when we expand nato ,ince i hearken back to truman ived the agreement been asked at the 16th anniversary of nato to look at a new strategic concept 60th anniversary of nato to look back concept. Strategic what was the mandate of nato in a different world when issues were out of area . It makes me realize now that in fact, it was a lesson in always questioning assumptions. All of a sudden, the nato meeting that was taking place in warsaw had to deal with an old threat. What was it that russia was doing . Why were the baltics feeling threatened . What was going to happen in asymmetrical warfare . I was there at an important time. I started out by being undiplomatic come in my talk, i said that brexit happened as a result of this calculation and incompetence and then i ran into David Cameron miscalculation and incompetence and then i ran into David Cameron. [applause] [laughter] Madeleine Albright the nato summit went well because people realized it was the existing institution to give europe together and brexit actually strengthened it because people recognized the importance of nato. It also made us recognize what had to happen in order to keep europe unified and looking in the direction of how it would act together. And made very clear the importance of unite states engagement. When i was asked about what was going on politically here and had to try to explain that we and whatost our minds was it that donald trump was actually talking about, why was he for undermining and taking nato apart, why was he questioning everything that went on . While we think we are talking to and what arepeople also listened to abroad. That is a very important part in i went to england and it was very interesting and also a lesson in terms of how domestic and foreign impact they had absolutely no plan b. They have no idea what they did. Most of the people who voted had not followed what was going on. It also is a lesson in terms of how essential this aspect of what is going on domestically can be. Im glad i was there to pick that up. We are at a particularly complicated time because most of the things that we grew up with way, when president truman was talking, it made me when youre president was talking commitment me feel very old. It was the beginning of my political career. It was very interesting to think about how the world has changed. In those days, it was the red and the red white and blue. Now, we have a lot of applications. Complications. David miliband said the whole theme was a decade of this court that this court decade of discord. What do you think in terms of how this election is playing into real National Security issues right now . Leon panetta thank you for the invitation to be here. In my over 50 years of public life, this is this grooviest iest damn election. [laughter] ive served under nine president s, starting with lyndon johnson. Republican and democrat, all experienced, all had a great appreciation for American Leadership in the world. Wheres the first election there is only one candidate who has the experience, temperament and understanding of the world to be commanderinchief. Doesnt havedidate any experience, doesnt know the world, shoots from the hip on all these issues. Today by the hip asking russia to conduct a cyber attack against the United States. It is funny but it is deadly serious business. People that are up here know that better than anyone. Thate living in a world has a number of flashpoints. A world that has a lot of instability since world war ii. You know what all the issues are from terrorism and isis and failed states and dealing with Nuclear Threats from north korea , continuing to worry about what iran might be up to. A new chapter in the cold war, concerned about china. We have a strong economic relationship but also want them to abide by international rules. Cyber attacks. There is a new battlefield in the world today and that a cyber. That is cyber. Others,hese areas, plus climate change, etc. These are huge challenges that will face the president of the United States. To think that there is even a possibility that somebody like a donald trump could become president of the United States, a guy who said not only should we back away from our alliances thats undermining our nato alliance, also our , weonnel ought to torture ought to spread Nuclear Weapons in asia and the middle east. This is a guy who said we ought to stop all muslims from coming to this country and build a wall. This is crazy stuff. , you get thisow sense that people think its a joke. Has said has already represented a threat to our National Security. If you go abroad and talk to people abroad, they are very worried that somebody like this could become president of the United States. It has already raised questions in terms of where the United States is and whether we will be there. For all those challenges i just discussed, we will not be able to deal with all of those challenges without building alliances. With arabrking countries, without working with israel, without working with nato. We will not be able to do that. And yet, you have somebody running for president who basically says we should do none of that. And basically retreat into isolationist america, America First kind of attitude. We know what that did for us in the 1930s. Yet, hes talking about doing exactly that. Immigrantsof italian , the reason my parents came here is because they believed they could give their children a better life. That is the american dream. I worry about my children and their children and whether or not we can provide a better life if you elect somebody as irresponsible as donald trump. For that reason, i hope you will Pay Attention and you will vote and hopefully Hillary Clinton will be our next president. [applause] you were National Security advisor, you were sitting in the white house in your previous role and you had just been told that the russians had definitely hacked into a Major Political party. What would you tell the president . Thank you for having us here with calling to spend hundreds of hours with dust colleagues with colleagues ive spent hundreds of hours with. Leon panetta and i have been in hundreds of meetings together, the first time together in natural light. [laughter] are privatemstances sector experts at this point have put forward a strong case that the dnc networks were penetrated by a couple of groups closely as you seated with russian intelligence is associated with russian intelligence. The firm advising the forensics of the dnc has published a paper on this. It is a pretty strong case at this point. Have a circumstance where advanced persistent threats from russia getting into the dnc systems. They will investigate attribution, which in the cyber world is a challenging task. Intention,t to theres a range of possible intentions. Suspecte and timing is in terms of trying to affect the election. We look at the reaction from the russian government. The statements made by the Russian Federation spokesperson were not credible. To say russia never engages with such activities is not true. The Russian Federation has engaged in Cyber Attacks in a number of places weve known to become public. In georgia and estonia and ukraine. Its very important to point out that in the ukraine, and the cyberer of crimea, warfare was a crucial part of their hybrid war. Those statements are just not triggered we have lots of evidence of them tried to interfere in european elections. Those statements are just not true. I would confront the Russian Federation and do it publicly and talk about consequences. We went through a similar exercise with respect to the chinese where i gave a speech in the spring of 2013, calling them out for the first time, with respect to different deals. It was long time cyber and economic theft. It was a different deal. But that led to an engagement with the chinese about what could be on and what isnt on. The way not to deal with this, of course, would be to encourage an adversary, a foreign power to engage in hacking the private email of the secretary of state of the United States. [laughter] [applause] that would not be i dont think that option would be in the options paper that would be considered by the president of the United StatesGoing Forward. Its dangerous, frankly. I dont know of any public never mind apartment candidate i dont know any Public Citizen asking for hagging a public or private sector. The last statement ill make, its a broader issue with respect to some of the dynamics in the world. We would certainly discuss this if we were considering it. You need to understand what your adversaries in the world are about. Theres been a tendency by one of the people in the race to dangerously embrace a set of strategies by the Russian Federation which are intent on undermining key western institutions. These institutions are under a lot of pressure. The European Union has been under a tremendous amount of pressure as a result of the crises, from the economic crises, your i dont zone crisis crisis, terrorism, migration, brexit, russian pressure and an attempted coup in turkey, under tremendous pressure. One of russias goals would be to undermine these institutions and making statements to undermine them, playing into if hands of russian strategy as opposed to understanding we need more cooperation, tighter alliances, more cooperative effort to meet the challenges to these institutions. That would be a sense of the discussion i think. Thanks, tom. I think the institutions were talking about are somewhat abstract to people. Julia, youve probably worked for most of the people on this stage, working with these institutions and these alliances. Why does it matter if were pulling away . Why does it matter to americans that europe sort of can keep being whole free at peace . It matters a great deal, to our own security and because weve invested so much in the european project. We are not a member of the European Union, but we certainly contributed to the Foundation Upon which that institution was created. Nato is an American Institution that benefits greatly from u. S. Leadership. I think thats why so many of our allies are confused by some of these comments theyve heard from donald trump, questioning u. S. Commitment to the ally angs. Theyre questioning his questioning because no u. S. President has ever called into question our commitment to the nato alliance. No president ial candidate, no president has ever done that. And we havent done that because nato as an institution has guaranteed that war has not broken out on the european continent for the better part of 70some years. And we want to ensure that that doesnt happen again. We remember world war ii. We know we lost 60 Million People, 420,000 americans. And we want to commit ourselves to an institution that will guarantee that we all have an ironclad guarantee to each others, commitment to security. Nato membership is not optional. Its not conditional. Its not available just on a tuesday should you desire. You dont get to pick when you want to be a nato member. When you become a nato member, you commit. You have an unwavering commitment to this institution and to all of its member security. Whenna allies like those in europe and even our canadian friends look at whats coming out of this campaign, they are deeply troubled by it because its not a democratic value. Its not a republican value. This is an american value. Europeans dont want to see us center a phase where we forget about the benefits of nato and why we created it in the first place. Unfortunately donald trump does not have, seem to have the history to understand why we created this institution in the first place. [applause] the i want to go down the line to representative moulton. You fought with nato allies and arab partners in the wars of the last decade. As secretary panetta mentioned, the importance of our allies, youve actually brought your iraqi translator to the United States as a refugee. Can you tell us how the discourse were hearing right now resonates with you, both as a soldier and a representative of your people, of your state . I can absolutely speak to that as a marine, not a soldier. Marine. [laughter] sorry. And i know better. Seriously, its frightening. Its frightening. Ive been working on refugee immigration with the siv program for iraq and iraqi and afghan translators. These are men and women who put their lives on the line not just for their country, but for ours. The fact that we would abandon to them due to the rhetoric on the republican side and especially from trump is really going to conhurt our ability to conduct Foreign Policy down the road. I was in iraq and afghanistan last week, and i was visiting the troops, let me back up and explain this. I was honored to be a part of it. It was the chairman of the Armed Services committee, chairman of defense appropriations and this one freshman democrat from massachusetts who has little Foreign Policy experience because i was on the ground. I was honored to go on this codel. I was approached on the floor by the chairman and asked to go. I said what week is that . He said i think its the third week in july. I said i dont think thats right. Thats your convention. He said, no, thats right. [laughter] we went over there and didnt do the typical bagdad and Kabul Embassy visits. We really got out, because we had a small group to some of the bases in the midst of this conflict. I never try to bring politics into this. Some of the troops brought politics up to me. While i would never purport to speak to all the troops, i can tell you theres real concern out there about whats being said, about the danger that comes rhetoric puts troops lives in today, not just hypothetically if he were to become the commanderinchief, but just by what hes saying on the campaign trail, how that hurts our ability to fight these wars, to survive in places like iraq and afghanistan. I think thats frightening. I think the other part of this, as a politician, a very new politician. Im the first congressman that my parents ever met. This is a very new job for me. [laughter] its also frightening that when you have a major Party Candidate who does things like call on one of our greatest adversaries to conduct Cyber Attacks on the United States, its frightening for americans that so many people are still planning to vote for him. The lesson we all have to take away from this, theres probably not a single trump voter in the room. Sir, im going to pick on you because youre the closest to me. Extremely well dressed, smart tie, you have the new yorker and the economist underneath your seat. Theres a lot we can talk about. Weve got to get out there as americans and talk to the people who are planning to vote for this maniac. Thats really important, that we come out of this week and go do that across the country. When i was an undergraduate at harvard i was doing primary Source Research at the kennedy library. I was writing a paper on vietnam. I saw this list of different boxes we could take out of the archives. One said the president s desk on the day he died. I requested that just out of curiosity. I didnt think theyd give it to me, but they did. Of the Little Things in the president s desk was something his secretary, secretary lincoln had typed up that said the president s favorite quote. A quote you probably all know from edmond burke. The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing, i think thats a lesson we all have to heed today. The only good news is that edmond burke didnt contemplate the power of good women. [laughter] [applause] i wanted this to be more of a conversation, but were so pressed for time. Im going to rocket through a few more. Raj, you oversaw the civilian counterparts people forget sometimes, our diplomats and aide workers out there in all these dangerous situations. Its only an issue when it makes the news, normally in some bad or tragic way. Could you reflect a little bit on where you see this idea of integrated power, of using all elements of National Power . It sound like a sound bite and in real life an afterthought. Its anything but an afterthought. The reality is with kind of isolationist language and tendencies being described by candidate trump, one should be quite terrified that this retraction of american engagement around the world is both to our alliances that are oriented around security, and its to the alliances and initiatives weve established that are fundamentally about helping to invest in the forward defense of our National Security by fighting poverty and fragility in some very tough places around the world. The language that mr. Trump used in his acceptance speech around refugees, in addition to being extraordinarily inaccurate that refugees are statusistically a threat, a terrorist threat, we have layers of very careful analysis and vetting, and of the refugees that have entered the United States after that wellrun process, weve had no significant threats emerge from people who have been placed as refugees. Thats all thinking about us here. The reality is there are 61 million refugees around the world right now. Its the highest level its been in our history. We are the worlds global humanitarian leader taking care of displaced persons, refugees, all around the world. The minute we step back and say were no longer interested in that moral mission. Were misdefining what a refugee is as a terrorist threat and pulling our resources and leadership out. The minute we do that, everyone else will stop investing and supporting those refugees. Everyone on this panel has hosted or directed what we call donor conferences around different crises. It is almost always the case that American Leadership in that moment of crisis on humanitarian and moral values and grounds is what keeps the Global Community fighting for justice for those displaced individuals. What you know with what donald trump is proposing is terrible in that regards and another fight is ebola. I am sure people are real, genuine fears. It was hard and difficult for president obama and the Security Team to make science based decisions to keep flights and travel ongoing, to encourage American Health workers to go in west africa and putting troops on the ground to create safety evacuations and treatments. Had u. S. Aid at that time had 10,000 local individuals in liberia under employment, fighting that disease with new technology and approaches. Had we not done that, had we said this is not our jobs anymore and we are not responsible for problems that happen elsewhere, well be still be dealing with ebola in this country today. These things dont always capture the headlines when they work. The reality is from haiti to ebola and serving refugees coming out of syria to what happened just last week of the bipartisan bases passed and the party signed on the food act which helps moving 95 Million People out of poverty, resurgence and support for farmers to do better. They are an important part of our National Security. They can be done in a way that guard us with tremendous bipartisan support and just being dismissive of that is a higher set of moral obligations and not only deeply threatening to our National Security and how we define as who we are as americans. [applause] i would like to ask ambassador sherman and jake there who started and ended this incredible process of iran, nuclear deal. One fascinating thing is it is also it is highly criticized and used as without an explanation as an attack line. Take us into the negotiating room and help us understand what is happening that we are not not, it is not seen as a triumph of american diplomacy but rather, a political football. First of all, thank you for being here and thank you for inviting all of us here together. It is great to see everyone again. We come to conventions so we can see each other from time to time. [laughter] um, you know, i actually think it is a triumph of american diplomacy but more than a triumph of american diplomacy. It is encouraged by president obama and extraordinary planning in the National Security councils at the time started by tom donadlon. We use every power that we have. People think of this as a negotiation and i will come to that in a second. My colleague Jake Sullivan and our ambassador read the channel and challenge to get this going. But, it was not just the negotiation. We looked to our American Military and we arrange our forces in a way that says well do what we need do to make sure that iran does not get a new nuclear weapon. Deploying a new weapon that would able to penetrate an under ground facility. Our Intelligence Community went to work in unprecedented way that i cannot talk about. We began diplomacy all around the world to import sanctions and secretary clinton led an unbelievable effort to get Multi Lateral sanctions throughout the world that did not stop and we are never going to stop Irans Nuclear program but we are going to force iran to make a very tough choice. To focus their minds to bring them to the negotiating table. We literally send teams around the world to say, this is the german ambassador, to say to our europeans. Oh, give me a break. I know, i am introducing you. [laughter] but, to get our european colleagues to stop importing any, any iranian oils. To get Good Neighbors like our friend, the ambassador, who had a strong relationship with iran to look at what they were doing. Oh, we, in fact, use sources of information shall we say to create a Virtual Embassy to reach in the iranian people and try to talk to them about whats going on. While i want people to understand that while i joke we negotiated inside of our government, led by the president of the United States which took a few hours of our time in that very darkroom. We negotiated with our european colleagues because we did it with all of the permanent members of the city council and the European Union and iran on the other side of the table. We negotiated with partners all around the world because japan and korea and india and china. We are dependant on iranian oil but cut back of their imitation importation of iranian. And stop doing some things with iran. And ultimately, we negotiated with all of our partners around the table and every now and again with iran. An incredible process for almost two years begun with ex extraordinary channels that jake can describe. I think what is really important for people to understand in what i think it requires a president and why i think personally that hillary is that president is a required courage. President obama made an extraordinary decision understanding that we could not bomb away irans knowledge that jake and bill byrne could offer something to the iranians. That took political courage to do it in secret. It takes commitment and clarity of objectives which we had in the government and spending hours and hours achieving on a constant bases. It took timing and righteousness because for two years we went running around with the president accomplishing almost nothing but except getting to know each other. It took a change in the government in iran and the possible opening that we ultimately came to an agreement. Now, it was controversial because there was a lot at stake and our dearest allyie and partner in the region, israel were quite concerned as well as our Gulf Partners of what we are doing. There is no doubt in my mind that we have prevented iran from getting a new weapon. Secretary clinton is committed vigorously enforcing this deal. I know she will not hesitant to use every option including the military if necessary. Iran knows that. I dont know where iran may go in the future but we may have to use all of our tools diplomacy and intelligence and Everything Else that we do. I am hopeful for the iranian people because they do want another life and world. That future remains to be seen. Let me turn it to jake. [applause] the question why it was not met across the board is appropriate one. I believe anything i worked on should be net with universal acclaim, including this. [laughter] i think it is an important question because it bears lessons for hard diplomatic progress that we would like to make in the years ahead. From my perspective, there are 4 basic reasons. The first is the nature of the threat. If you live in israel as wendy said or one of the gulf states, the prospect of iran getting a new weapon is a grave threat. Nuclear weapon is a grave threat. Your level of skepticism of someone bringing you a deal and they say hey, dont worry, this is going to solve the problem and it is going to work. From a starting point built into this is a certain level of anxiety about, did you had get everything you could. Thats point one. The second point is when you are dealing with Something Like a potential military nuclear program, you are talking about a level of complexities that makes reasoned, public debates extremely difficult. Separate work units in advance centrifuges, the core of a autoniumbased reactor at site in iran, trying to explain this to members of congress who on it, let alone the american people, is extremely difficult. That means the issue is dim is demagogue and people can spreads mythologies on it. Why would we want that . It sounds bad. Because of the level of complexity of this kind of issue, it is just not easy and it pierce through the misunderstanding. And have people come to see, as i think when people gain more information about this, and they do come to see that this deal is profoundly in the interest of the United States. The third reason is because there has been a change in the nature of our politics when it comes to National Security. It is quite worrying. Donald trump is a whole another deal. Even before donald trump came to the scene, we were already fighting. As wendy knows very well. When these negotiations were coming to a head last year, 46 republican senators young by led by tom cotton sent a letter to iran that says this guy barack obama does not represent in the United States or does not speak in our behalf, he cannot negotiate this deal. I read the letter for the first time and i thought it was a letter from congress to the president that was sort of telling him about our systems of government and thought it was kind of strange. I had to go back up and look and see to see if the two lines were the iranian leadership. It stunned me. I dont think at any point in of aistory have the bulk party in our congress representing the senators in the Republican Party in the senate sent a letter under minding the sent a letter actively undermining the president during a controversial negotiation. Never during reagan or kennedy or truman. It is been my experience that once a norm gets broken like that, it is very hard to restitch. We have got to restitch it. We have got to get behind our president whoever our president , who ever she maybe in the future. In order to ensure the United States is speaking with a single voice on these issues. And then i think the final reason why there is a divide on this issue goes to the heart of what raj and wendy are talking about and thats diplomacy and the civilian use of power is inherently imperfect. You cannot get a perfect, negotiated deal. People will come along and saying why wouldnt you get a better deal . And you set there and say oh, a better deal. [laughter] i only thought that we could have only this deal but it never occur to me that you can get a better deal. At the end of the day, the negotiators have to use near judgments and have to make a call of the best alternatives. This deal is not perfect. I think we can all acknowledge that including those who worked on it. It is a heck a lot better than going to war with iran or trying to pursue an end less path of sanctions as their program races ahead towards them having the capability of having multiple bonds of weapons grade uranium or plutonium. That means any deal we bring how my any issue, whether its paris, climate agreement, the cuba opening, theyre always going to be subjected to scrutiny and debate. I think what we have to do is have the courage of our convictions that when we send our diplomats out and they do their job and the president makes a call that we have confidence that our professional men and women of our United States and diplomatic cores and our leaders are looking out for our interest. I have full confidence that history will record this deal to stop iran getting Nuclear Weapons and stop them from firing a shot. [applause] i very much want to invite this audience into this welllit situation room. I understand three of our panelists have some where to be. Do you have a few minutes . A few minutes. Right there in the blue shirt, please wait until you have a microphone in our hand and ask a quick question. Thank you, student of the university of pennsylvania. I am polish and i am very grateful to the United States for their success of bringing my country to the nato alliance. Given the recent crisis in poland, as well as the rise of nationalist sentiment in europe, i am wondering what advise would madame secretary give to the future president on how to keep, one more from that side of the room. Wait until you have a microphone. Gentleman, right there, yes. Thank you, i represent georgia, i am a former defense minister, my question would be of course, related to nato and defense capabilities. Georgia had been a tremendous part of afghanistan and iraq. Do you think that the next 4 years that administration will be going. It is time to really push for a large part of nato. The only way we can detour them is to ex pend nato to georgia and the second question is the United States thinks about writing the defensive capabilities to this country. Well, thank you, let me just say in both regards, something that i have spent a lot of time on and thought about. The issue on what was happening in poland at the time is very important. One of the questions we have to ask ourselves is why are these things are happening whether it is hungary or poland. One of the things that happened was, when getting ready for president obama to arrive, they met all during the night in order to theetoretically improve it, in fact, they made it worst. What was interesting and worth noting is the statement that the president made and about nato. Let me give a background on that. What happens was when after the fall of berlin wall, there was no question that it will be changed or disintegrated. I want to poland to explain their was a new partnership for peace, which was kind of a way to get ready and be apart of nato. Nato is not athat charitable organization. To contribute and was not only a military alliance but an alliance of common value. You have to read carefully of what president obama said of the over night activities trying to do something about the constitution and i do think that we have to keep stressing, it is an alliance of democracy and that requires there to be a rule of law and a number. That has to be apart of it. On the georgia issue, i having spent quite a lot o f time on that. I think there are a variety of steps and that, i personally believe in nato enlargement. It has to be making nato stronger and a variety of arrangements allowing to countries to be able to defend themselves thats out there. A lot of georgians are around and making their points. I think these are live issues. The lodgment of nato has got to not only be in military but of common values. I want to pick up on something embedded in your question about why poland has changed. There has been a lot of pulling data of whether it is called natoism. We have to understand that what is about. In my own view and coming out of Research Polling data and it goes all the way back in 2002. It is concerns about modernity. It is about liking what you get in terms of better food and Better Pharmaceuticals and blue jeans, but being afraid you are losing your identity and way of life. That has come home. We saw that in the economy and coming home to roots to the west and in our country where people are seeing staggering wages and the 55yearold guy who does not have a manufacturing job and it takes two years training program. He still has to put his kids to college. There is a lot of anxiety thats real and our social moral has changed. I am someone who believes that people should be able to marry who they love. It is complicated for people. Is this about, has been said here, love or hate . L in my view, love does trump hate. It is the kind of thing that we have been talking about here at this convention which is whether that, we did the platform whether it is a minimum wage that goes up and helping insurance people that we can pay for college debt. These things are inside our own country and how our own domestic economy connects to the World Economy so that young people have a future past and dont have to be recruited boo i by isis to get a salary. Thats a challenge to us. Those of us considering ourselves as people who can see beyond their own lives and other lives which is all the people here have done and public service. We lift people up as the entire night last night at the convention. How do we lift people up and out and in my view, i know Hillary Clinton knows how to do it. They both said it all. There is not much to add. The important thing i will comment on to our friend from georgia is i do think its very important we support our friends, give them the military and economic support they need in order to the part of that defense system. I do think its important to work to continue to expand nato because of the challenges we are facing. Russia obviously is playing a whole new chapter in the cold war through their aggressiveness and the main message to send to russia is nato is going to be to be, that we are going there, the president has taken the right steps, we are doing exercises with nato countries, helping support them. Is important to try to get these countries to be able supportde the economic for their defense. Because that becomes an argument that gun is used to beat up nato and that is what trump is using. We are all partners, all in this together. We all support each other. I think the least we can try to get back is these countries providing enough support in order to make sure they are a full partner in the nato alliance. I think that is really key. Just quickly on the question of poland. The European Union is grappling of two types of exits right now and only one thats getting the exit. There is the heart exit of the u. K. Officially declaring they are hitting the road and there is the soft exit where we are seeing countries officially still members of the European Union but distancing themselves from the values that the du the eu represents. Both are very worrisome. Wendy is right. This was rooted in all different types of rationals and causes. Well have to restore some sort of faith and intuition going and International InstitutionsGoing Forward and i got to run. Some of our guests leave. They have additional speaking engagement. They have been going nonstop. [applause] well take a couple more questions. I will take the lady standing in the middle in the black dress. Would you get a microphone, please. Thank you, my name is nguyen. I want to ask the panelists. It has to do with asia out with the rebalance to asia and the relationships between the u. S. And china in particular on the South China Sea and the tpp. Between the two candidates, mr. Trump and secretary clinton, what are the differences that you see and the ttp has not been discussed. Is there a reason why . Would the ttp be the answer for our u. S. Leadership in the global arena and supposed to bring us more jobs for americans and supposed to level the Playing Field for workers. It does not seem to be we are given Accurate Information to our democrats. I have talked to many delegates and i dont think they are adequate of understanding. Thank you. Another question. Right here in the blue dress in the front. Down here. Thanks very much for coming. As someone thats not apart of this world. This is really exciting to see everyone in real live instead of meet the press. Trying to spread the good word of secretary clinton. I am from arizona so i have met people who are trump voters, is trying to convince them of this threat that poses. Lets pretend in november that hes elected, what can we expect and what will be our strategy moving forward after that. How do you recover . Thats a tough one. Ok, i will give tom either vote. On the rebound to asia. I spent a lot of time on that of the last half decade or so. Secretary clinton has been the leader of rebound to asia. She took her first trip in february of 2009. She has been in the very pivotal time of all her efforts and security and diplomatic and military and economic and the him and substantial change in organization and a lot is driven by the man of u. S. Leadership of the nation of asia and a key part is our engagement with china and we talked about the revamp and that in clupdcludes engagement with secretary clinton. I would expect secretary clinton to work very hard on our rebalance to asia and our futures are intertwine. Well really are, it does not mean the United States global power gets to pull away from all their obligations around the world but as significantly as i think if this certainly continues, i will spend 10 seconds on this, i have other questions here. It would be a dramatic dramatic, again, it is very difficult with mr. Trump to engage exact of the impact of policies for a number of reasons. One, he does not speak a lot of issues and two, there is some kind of vagueness and contradictions around it. Three, he does not have any advisors. It is really an interesting thing. Candidates in the history, we have had a sense of where they are coming from. And they are advised to Say Something. Some people compared mr. Trump to ronald reagan. I lost my first job to reagan. I was in the convention for president carter and lost my job at age 25, in january of 1991 of reagan who became the president of the state. It was very different. He was a leader of ideology policy move. Mentovement. He had a mass array of policy advisors. One of the most Amazing Things of 1991 of january is nobody had to tell them what to do. It was part of a movement of whats going to happen. You dont have that kind of certainty here. You have a number of statements that would be a dramatic departure. He would be opened to negotiating u. S. Debts which is the most important debt and financial to the world. And it would be massively disrupted. The most important thing, i will finish on and ask wendy to comment is theyre really not an alternative to global prosperity other than u. S. Engagement. You have to go through the thought experience of region to region and globally. What does europe after u. S. Asterisk the engagement and what does latin america look like after u. S. Engagement. Is a very different world and a much more unstable across the world. These are deadly serious issues. I feel it is difficult to manage and if in fact, he acted in a way hes going act. The last thing i will say is this. People also talk about checks and balances in the system. This goes to your question as well. You say this in a campaign there , are checks and balances in the american system and for major initiatives, you have to deal with the congress and the court. Having worked closely with the 3 president s over the last 35 years, there are dozens of decisions that get reached every single day by the president. That matter. The presidency is an incredibly powerful office particularly in foreign affairs, in the constraints they put on an action. I have brought dozens of military actions to a president. That interrogation of what does this look like . How wellplanned is it . How many noncombatants will get killed . These kinds of key questionings and consistency with our values and outlook. You cant really rely and some sort ofy on generalized checks and balances. I think when the person who is his ghost writer on his book did his new yorker article and said that he has the Attention Span of 10 or 15 minutes on any given subject. When he tells us he likes to be unpredictable because people dont know where hes going. I think both of those things speak volumes. A president has to have an intention span more than 10 minutes. The decisions that tom is discussing are staggeringly consequential. They are everything from should we take this person out because they are terrorists and killing our people. And what risks are we putting on the civilians in that community or on our own military assets to take that person out . That takes more than five or 10 minutes of thoughts. You have to understand our intelligence and capability and you have to make a judgment thats well informed because there is a hell of lot at stake including how we are seeing by , our region and allies and the people we hope is working with us to deal with issues. Secondly, unpredictability. Think of, painfully, and abusive parent. You dont know what you are going get. One day it may be love and one day it may be hate. And yes you dont tell your , adversaries everything. You want them to understand you are willing to take all kinds of actions. But thats a strategic set of decisions. That is not im unpredictable because i dont have any idea of what i am going to do. It is totally two different things. When secretary panetta sits here or secretary albright sits here, people at the top of our government, and say they are terrified of what this man would do or what this approach to ,ational security would do quite frankly negotiating the kinds of things we need to negotiate as diplomats are not the same as negotiating a contract on a building. It is just not. [applause] thanks everybody. I will ask phil to close us out. Thank you to our panelists and those who were able to stay for the last few questions. A plethora of riches today in a limited amount of time but i invite you to engage with us where we hope this kind of conversation will be the kind of discussions we have here. A few notes the video of todays , event will be pushed out to you by email on the email you register on so you will have access to it. You may see it on cspan and finally tomorrow morning we , invite you back to perrys world house with discussions of the Washington Bureau chief here at 8 30 tomorrow morning. It is my pleasure to welcome you to a taste of philly reception at our policy lab and our student lounge. If you want to walk outside, there is beers and wines, enjoy the rest of your day and thank you very much for coming and thanks again for extraordinary panelists. [applause] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] in philadelphia earlier this afternoon, Hillary Clinton and tim kaine kicked off a threeday pennsylvaniaugh and into ohio. You can see their comments tonight at 8 00 eastern. Donald trump meanwhile holding a rally this even in colorado at the air and space museum in denver. We will have that live at 9 00 eastern. Donald trump in Hillary Clinton made the republican and Democratic National conventions a must see on tv and we will show you many of the featured and most talked about speeches from cleveland and philadelphia democraticu will see speeches by michelle obama, Bernie Sanders, bill clinton, joe biden, tim kaine, president obama, Chelsea Clinton, and the acceptance speech by Hillary Clinton. Sunday morning, republican , chriss by Rudy Giuliani christie, ted cruz, eric trump, and the acceptance speech by donald trump. That is this saturday evening and sunday morning at 10 30 eastern on cspan, the cspan radio app, and cspan. Org. Congress has been out of session the past two weeks well political conventions were underway. Now bill johnson met with representatives of the American Chemistry Council and tim walberg was with former congressman john dingell to announce the expansion of the river race and National Battlefield park. Heidi heitkamp was a happy state today looking at Farm Equipment thebilly long visited farming greenhouse beekeepers and bison operations on an agricultural tour. Next up, a discussion on the increasing phenomenon of lone wolf terrorists. Panelists analyze the characteristics, the process of radicalization, recent terror incidents, and the Response Strategies of Law Enforcement. It is hosted by the Potomac Institute for policy studies in arlington, virginia. It is two hours. As you all know, it is 12 00 when i say it is 12 00 so its time to get started. On behalf of of the webinar chairman and ceo of the Potomac Institute, we want to once again welcome all of you to our potentially very exciting seminar and we certainly have a superb group of analysts. We couldnt ask for any better type of group to talk to us today about some very tough challenges that we face throughout the globe. This business of the lone wolf terrorist and all that kind of thing, youve all read and heard much about that and in the larger sense, the whole complex situation we have faced in global strategy today with the socalled conflicts and wars, if you will, will, below the nations state type of conflict that many of us are used to and many of our organizations have been trained to do and of course the United States and our allies have always been pretty good at that. This is a whole new kind of environment below that level. Some people call it the gray zone of conflict and there are a lot of folks behind that and others say we are in a new generation of warfare, the 4th fourth generation of warfare and they talk about that quite a bit. Some see that as a framework for the future and others as something more to do now. There is a lot of discussion in a lot of wellmeaning intellectual thought going into this challenge. Its not something that we are ignoring. Its just hard to get your arms around it and its awfully difficult to determine what to do because in the United States of america, in particular, there are certain highlevel moral and ethical thought process behind everything we do. Its not like some of the other peoples of the world, some of the other nations and radical areas. This was true in world war ii, for example example we would have difficulty dealing with the partisan operations in guerrilla warfare and the like whereas the nazis had less of a problem. If you did something wrong in a village in europe that they were had occupied, they simply lined up 200 or 300 civilians and shock them. Shot them. Its a different kind of an era and of course now with a global terrorist attack in the kind of things that are going on, its more difficult than ever. There are many different kinds of things behind these conflicts besides religion and all that which we are familiar with but certainly the religious aspect and ideological aspect has a great deal to do with formulating what these individuals would do and these lone wolves. Its not relegated to strictly terrorist type activities or islamic radicalism. This homegrown kind of thinking grow up right out of the blue and they could be radicalized for other reasons besides religion. Its a tough challenge and we are again, i think fortunate to have an extraordinary experienced group of panelists today to talk about some of these issues, some of these challenges that we face and hopefully some of the potential solutions that are out there for us to think about. With that, do you want to take over, take charge. We are all glad to see. It has a little ways to go. Thank you very much general. As always, the first and the last word until we have another opportunity later on to share insight based on very long experience. You will see as a moderator. I will first recognize our cosponsors of course, general gray mentioned. Let me first recognize our professor over there at my end to the left who is the director or the chairman of the International Law institute in the Interuniversity Center for legal studies, is the cosponsor of this event. Mention the also to center for National Security law of the university of Virginia School of law. Our colleagues who are supporting our Academic Work for many years. Let me first introduce our panel, very briefly because we have available the detailed bios of each speaker and in the interest of time i would just mention one or two. During the discussion we will have other opportunities to try to generate some dialogue based on their work and experience. Our first speaker will be right here to my left, captain dave martin we are delighted to have , you again to support our Academic Work. As some of you may know, he is assistant director of the maryland coordination and Analysis Center in maryland and he contributed to a work and study on the role of Law Enforcement to combat terrorism. He is going to provide some context, particularly in the u. S. Environment and the role of Law Enforcement. The second speaker next to him, professor carol flynn. I think she is bringing a very rich background and experience as you can see from her bio of working with the cia for many years. I will mention how many but at any rate as an executive in operations and positions in africa and asia and back in america and she is currently professor at the university dealing with some of these issues and the private sector. Following her, lisa also has very extensive government experience