Ro lt yr ene l m f e mice e seri cfenc t u. D ss h rch a dl o a ssioofosliesn ri i meer w qui sktil,ut l o ppl coind tt w gng wk. Say, t w ealednde saso oth mt rric isesitthhuniri taroe at uold eaer app rimisn ntl fr tajits ri tt nds sutn. Olioth w ha sn leado pcen sya . He sak scbeyo js e t mo iosblinheor a i ilbeevth. Tgi a ovvi owhe a n. Ppus tnk y vy ch sdithk y f th msa o mic weren ni a ihi we ou srthe pntne ar a wwe he d we tetr. Itas gatomt cce atheegni bau iad st f dsefeloed hge sck spp erwaaajolsi o the mita se odina la oho. Ive csithe oprtit a aavofho he i mic te, jn rran seey lrohaaeeng adhe begnif ceatn oslies h aro o22ouri a asfi dol w airle omri t00 d n hd re tn re mohs dungha bm mitary acsso w d inoho ng . Redo my ass. E rsonisanreon evyby sayg ihe rrisorniti aorng vw d n erydy ghng eror ty ou b cledroa asfi. Send, loti f e dheer ne, thit a reonbityo mbhe. Sendfr t geren se n talennentesin goatnst eimbeus th sllelt s mita oio cin ith mita oioshldavbe gin to pory. Itas he t opposio th ty t cldurth atspren beerilar poti sthou notte om btepoti. En whaanhereon padee d t veru lera fm e heidon e geren o tulyeced geheil iold ijo key sxtremecte. T pital se,utot apitfo divin wchanofhelent ha bn ayg iorr brk wn cseir the s otr tet t ceere lteve ltl n 26ptembehe erwaa etg ti miigetenohkey d rg lro and ty mep th n aem f a asfi. Th o clae ryuily w . Wi ainde owhev w o tcat t aac thu. Cvo. N cvo aavofd liri eti. Ilars eti ry aea n t en uwi n te d en sothgapnende e ttg os twhe a toy. Theris gehaer ruiaedatn tke stte tki a tki bune. Thadnteres bacay,00no oth peleerin t cyf 5,0eoe. Rkey h n intesin ei 1,0efeecong anthci bngesoy. Eaolikde lpg wh imos t rht dictn. D ats ate d. The reono secr etgsndho mtis edisssnseten thorarofheate of epedo e ffctn 1500efee anth ppl wereetnglor t re men tay th ia dcuiowhh onin bwe tke a ruia ferioabt a asfi. Th csefirisolngor th pvis os a imy opioife okt re anceso ccd anths. Y . Cae bh unieha astsn erod tyan erse lere icis cria pntn eris meanm in eabsh, iciseed. Asfi nds mhasm ats y he en suorng aan bad t aumioth at a sgil imrttss,stliin thceatn oslies aes wchn n tinple t monthi iveaden iss t opd wd sn, t w. Kw d ph r tt benef e cseens raerenitof csaon htiti. E heelens atn ta, heeegrps inprenndote ll rris bei tats dcuinhend ceere no l msawhe a no isasedhaweav sn not pfe. Ovnmti bth wt ccerendhi isapni wlee e lkg ftsn e ou toe aetr pitn wh istl poib mitaptn sll penalpoin emt,uthahabe ppin eyavbe usg tsaits meo yga. Ts ceeroc o ceatn ao esanal of t aewndnvved in yi t s ithe a acathiste r lical oni. Iny inn, ttpa bin toe trend wwi tt. Heee sdi iitio 25 wchs mped othe emts althe are poan ,hise ou geren silla w rmf gornnt cti cli, nstuonbu wtt bth syan n oer nottis an netiiondleio. Tseoi t s a threpiarf 54ovg ne . Cate y. I nma melalde abtt. Wh io ows he pu f t menmecse en cseir war sll caotoltoon. Atea tthbiueio rk ts . Is t u. D l n l is dnotoou becse kn. At c uilous at unrsndha thedoavin ndomclrriitsnd eyrehr. Ae. Gin e moregnalars anhotoot dagonof eimar aieinhe gi. Hodoouque atire ims keur tse e kein aou i sothg eyreebinin shgt. Wldayo seonntleuaontyi tto tt t is es. Sfosi o d eryenmi o e res elumis mb,eein im,oulswa toinror aiewi astsn t gunli t ruia ferioanotrs o veheam pory,ut e untesd igin oreftiae . Y antesd lrntm, so lso. Ifoureotinding potil sutn,t y not nyreitsh w mee se ouan le f toefthe en ioo nspad deme, ionuse tt t cllgeere gngo cen e nt few ek thk u. [alae] tnkouer mh r ha oueio u mtied geren y tena presstl seon potil tnsio . Hawo aecie coep tnkou 25isy bl me ken mor. Anouayolic trsion esi nayolic trsion o cstti y will exaitos. Tnte cirn mmte weom e fmhe ste pame. Axeti decr ma rhtwah. m into a eh y t ben makinou fenu statemtsnd try tstk thpreinteanth w ca g t dcuiogog. Nsnte shenlruia he, afoheusan sionnyr. Therisneenalerptn shausa i syr ertouprtndel th sy per th iwrg. I lie erartw mor reoneansusits voednyr. E rsons ocra anthsends lya bie bh he gave nsueesoruratna ae bomse osssnd teitiendosbiti i a g me d reeoe om rsi jni the rrisros coin tourntlincartt sothg ke00pelet as. Eyreraed a he ne roh liry aio a ear ce cko cnt an ctie d a n precd a. Orrs wh stes bde aosannoav , ghisn d fth th ia tialecity tre p sones rm sieunn d ve spiaretiship wh sia d viears t,hiisot theasan ng. Ow, hnt soof tov nyov. Elionsed twn ss aweithi arque utl. Dnoha apefi inre i cpasowi o inres. Oerouri in th gi, t weo spt e retyfyr. Are t oy cnt wch paicat in mita aio in syr oa ga bis. O vw,e bieeee th cacyf e ri paiantndrm fcein orr n jt fhtbu twfeae. Ae. Deata ttptto sma ha cpeti wh e it stesf era. Itmravv d crynd couldee how chheinst iryg t reh woab aeentbu each te eyad sceeda tt b lere ard t reivdiert gns om wainonhacoitntan obgaonapov bth seety steidotet enghuprt fm he anesnasngn. Ou hr erwe n enppacs ittas d issowe d tucedn vietr coerio wh r ameran pane ith ce. He dbte ulha be gd partrs th iho wstte t vep opatn thury an in. Ds rkelenghut ta inomet omte thr pleheena lk weren voof thenid tis iolme. Sei veo me lef evalois wod ke pk n,utes veo et sto f sia omherudmisatn . m aaii ghbe vy bong pelts becse d wa tgehef y cioninasngn. Aeay okg evytnghi iaeahy ocs omop to tt. Ilki odenehowe uon tngfoow epn pseatn d colef in y jt id al, rentes the s. Ntes. Wle selshf vain ountes ai tnk a naonou. Test nbe o, he. Eae eris rl as f tt. Iaigfint teato l u owis isiin in cc ithr headquarters and where they are planning and plotting attacks against all of us. It by using civilians as human shields. Classic example, this is jihadi john. He would sit in an Apartment Building trying to inspire attacks around the world. Our standards are such that we will not target Apartment Buildings with hundreds of people. They want to pull off and Osama Bin Laden like attack and they are trying. Islong as they are there, it a significant threat to all of us. I want to say we have been fighting isis for a couple of years, working with local actors and enabling those actors to make sure the territory they take can hold is the core premises of our policy. To date, we have liberated about 3 million people, 500 square kilometers. Ground has helped. Isis has not taken any of that ground. That is important because of the planning. It is a contrast to some of your efforts in isis against syria. One major effort against isis myra and isis has since come back. A littlee do things differently great we might have the same objective, but the strategy is different in quite significant ways. The violenceating in the underlying civil war. My turkish counterparts here over the few days we fully support their successful discussions with the russians to deescalate the balance. In munich last year and one of the reasons the process did not succeed as we we hoped is frankly because were a guarantor and russia was a guarantor. It turns out when the u. S. Is a guarantor, we dont have people sort ofround we became a pingpong ball to control the situation. Suitabled syria are guarantors. Also, very much agree with what stephan said. The astana process is about the mechanics of the ceasefire and making for we deescalate the violence. 2254eneva process through is the political process and leading to a political transition. I think we have the key while they are mutually reinforcing. Did note escalate late the escalate we have to do this in a very smart way. There are Critical Mass of opposition groups that are hostile to the assad regime, but also fighting al qaeda in this is another area we have a disagreement. We think there is a smarter way to go after and a surgical weight to fight them. Some of the the tactics that have been used by the regime with Russian Support puts them all together in one single mass and makes it worse. The russians have said to us we have to separate al qaeda from the opposition. We agree with that, but the some ofthe ground the tactics used by the assad regime actually drives other opposition groups. The interest are the same, but the tactics are quite different and i think we have to be smarter about this as we go forward. Brett, thank you very much. I would like to come back to specifically the potential areas of cooperation with russia. To anturn that astanahopeful what youa can lead to have been looking for, which is a difficult transition . Thanks. Since i am the only syrian, i would hope you will be generous with time. The fact that it is still going is in itself a still a miracle. We are all familiar with the situation in syria. Is level and suffering unparalleled in the 21st century. From medieval sieges and targeted solvation starvation. War crimes im afraid have become to address these security threats, we should be under no illusion that this toflict poses a great threat the regional and global securities. Assad must go. He is part of the problem and he is not part of the solution. Confirmlso sure you and the opposition is committed to fighting terrorism more than any other side. Along side the assad regime, daesh have been the primary andacles to the city aspirations for a democracy. From the ground, the Syrian Opposition fights terrorism on multiple fronts. Cleared groups have daesh. Ofusands and thousands fighters have died fighting terrorism and continue to do so every day. But, we cannot address extremism at its root cause or fight it alone. For syrians, there is no difference between the horror of beheadings and terror of applied onat are civilian populations. The extreme violence, cruelty, injustice, of the system presides. It is why syria is a greatest disaster of our time. Western andite Regional Security is confronted by extremists. , military officials all share an interest in bringing the conflict to an end. To make this a reality, we have to confront the dynamics which have driven this conflict from afar. Assad hasforemost, never been interested in a free and Democratic Syria based on the rule of law. This will not change. Powertive regime holding only International Laws have been under siege across the world. Nowhere do we see this more devastatingly displayed then in syria, but im here simply to repeat what everybody already knows. As the president of the Syrian National coalition and head of week, iegotiations next message today is this. We will head to geneva fully committed and prepared to negotiate a political solution which brings the conflict to an end and paves the way for a genuine inclusive transition and the eradication of extremist groups. The reality is simple. We cannot address the crown security threats facing regional stability while assad remains in power. It is up to the International Community, in particular our friends and allies, to use all possible means to end this conflict created to apply complete pressure. Service extremists. To stand behind the syria people. In these times of uncertainty, to one ofear policies the greatest crisis of our time. Sooner than later. We need a United States and united europe and russia to confront those responsible for the greatest humanitarian crisis since the second world war. Compromise on now more than ever, syrians need to see a glimmer of hope that International Law is more than just words. Sake andfor their those who sacrificed their lives for our shared values, but also for the sake of regional and global security. For the sake of the common bayous and believes we hold dear. Thank you. Thank you. One of the words that we arent heard in the context of the syrian conflict is accountability. Where is the accountability . Let me get to that in a moment. Yesterday, the u. S. Secretary general observed that you have you wont achieve peace until all parties realize they cannot gain their aspirations militarily. Realization that the military option will work is it is a question of motivation. Theres nothing to motivate you to keep fighting like your your familiesking and neighbors. That is what we have seen in syria. We all know the Geneva Convention says you should do Everything Possible to avoid civilians. In this case, the Syrian Government, very much backed by assia and iran has pursued strategy to target civilians in operation areas. We have seen this through physical attacks on hospitals, schools, markets, neighborhoods including with chemical weapons. The urine has confirmed three cases. My organization put out a report earlier this week in which we identified a cases of chemical weapons used. The second element to these the sieges. Been there are 700,000 people under siege. This is a odd kind of ceasefire. It is a ceasefire where if you make an efforto feed the starving, you get shot. If we are going to have this be a real ceasefire, it should be a ceasefire that includes lifting the sieges. It is also important to remember that there are tens of thousands of people today in irregular detention under the Syrian Governments control or its allies. These are not the people who are held by the Justice Ministry and ordinary prisons, these are tens of thousands of people held by security forces, military, ballistic, who based abysmal conditions of torture, starvation, and execution. We know that thousands upon thousands have died or been deliberately killed. Progress going to make in the peace talks, we have to move beyond the diplomatic defeat. That peace can be solved in a conference room. We have to Pay Attention on what is happening on the ground. We have to address the atrocities that are giving summit syrians the motivation to keep fighting. That means doing everything we can to bring in the atrocities not as a consequence of the peace talks, but as a correction to their success. There are several elements. Russia vetoed along with china numerous therts to refer syria to International Criminal court. Soulmate, at as tribunals become available, the cases are ready to go. Financial,tive, diplomatic support. Another take test coming up is this next week. The socalled joint investigative mechanism established by the Security Council to look into the use of chemical weapons found several cases including three by the Syrian Government. The veeema me. Th ithuns oicl veigiocolunghi haen soheueiocos,ha ne . Eaen heak t inaftinaesutn sanctions and russia is threatening to veto. Basically, having helped design a regime in which chemical weapons are prohibited when the proof of syrian use of chemical weapons is put on the table, russias answer is whatever. We have to be able to do better than that. That you will go back to moscow and indicate that a veto in this circumstance is inappropriate or it that this is a basic step to end the atrocities. Thank you. Constantine, why is russia running to veto the resolution . Well, you know, sometimes when there are discussions in our National Parliaments it is difficult to its point to people goode would vote against draft laws like a draft law prohibiting criminalitys. If we do not see the point in these draft laws, we will vote against it. This is a case with some other countries. Resolutions on syria were vetoed by the united. Tates of america yet, we need to Work Together in a better manner to ensure good, sustainable decisions by the Security Council. The way we managed to do and if i was addressed conflict, ihis would like to underline that in to talk to all parts in this conflict. I believe this is wrong. I believe it was wrong from the beginning when in 2011, International Community the western community i would like to stress through a position had to resign. There was no need to have any there was nom and sense in the political process. Aposition provoked somehow civil war in the country. I believe this is a fair approach for the opposition. For a thirdptable country to take any position on this. This is what russia does not do. We have never spoken in favor of mr. Aside assad or against them. Year, i had ast meeting in damascus. I would like to tell you to pieces of our conversation. Supportshether russia or does not support. His reaction was as follows. Russia and would go public and say you support a sod, i would be the first to oppose it. Assad, i would be the first to oppose it. Discussionone, a with people from the European Parliament and we asked him in ideal of his future and hiser resigning answer was quite interesting. He said look, im a normal guy. Im a human being with normal interests. I have family and other things. I have a family and want a normal life and what that for my family as well. I cannot afford my position as president in a constitutional weight because if i leave this position in an unconscious regional unconstitutional way, it will not allow a normal life any longer. I could see we have an option of andtical dialogue in syria this is why we support all three continents in the security and theresolution russian draft was just an attempt to motivate people in the and get democratic elections. Havethink a lot of people a problem seeing a sod as a sod uy a assad as a normal guy. Consistency. He i think the important thing is, if we are going to create conditions where you cant have , you haves to succeed to stop the atrocities. Hisussia isnt just backing atrocities, they are on the front line. Indiscriminate attacking to russias more precise attacks. There has been an acceleration of attacks on civilians. We just saw a report last week of russia itself having targeted a hospital. Handsoff,le staying is taking the lead in killing civilians in this has got to stop. This is not a matter of respecting territory or sovereignty. Russia should use its huge leverage to stop the atrocities. [applause] we will come back to you. I want to ask stephan, to what extent will the geneva process insist or depend on the success of astana and some of the issues that can spoke about four serious talks take place syrias talks take place . When we were trying to launch the ceasefire linked to geneva talks, we will were fully aware that the people in syria the u. N. Ing us specializes in meetings. On the first one to be aware of that. Are you going to have another meeting why we are while we are dying . While we are fighting . While we are being bombed . Thought ourts school of thought, having been in so many conflicts, is to say what a moment, remember the last time we were in war . They were discussing why it b52s were going out. You have to talk and while the war is going on you have to talk so you can stop the war. The reality is what we are seeing now in a sauna is indeed helping. We cannot use it as a precondition. Otherwise, we get to the chicken and egg again. Sides who wants to swallow the talks and if you make that condition, we are giving them a silver plate by accelerating the fighting. But, what is happening in astana is indeed if it does consolidate helping. Tself, ceasefire which is and that can only help the geneva talks and make them more credible. It is clear that everyone on the panel agrees that fighting syria. S a priority in to what extent can we see cooperation between all the different forces that are lined up against daesh, rather than a kind of rivalry . Britt, one thing we do know is the Trump Administration wants to speed up, accelerate this fight against daesh. How can that be achieved in syria . Well, technically there are a number of things we can do to speed up the military campaign which obviously we are looking at an secretary matus is developing a series of recommendations in regards to that. So long as the underlying civil it makes itating, more difficult. That is why in one of the key interest i mentioned is the escalating d escalating the violence. In a summit, we had seen a deescalation of violence. In astana stomach, we have seen a deescalation of violence we have seen a deescalation of the violence. If you look at the numbers, a year before we reach that 4000ment, only about syrians were reached with humanitarian aid. Onee then, we have reached point 9 million. The government is blocking a. As long as that is happening, it makes it difficult for us to contemplate and coordinate with russia against isis, even if that was something we saw a potential for. Militias are also involved in the fight. This gets to the point. If the war is escalating and populations are besieged, it is difficult and highly unlikely to andvery serious u. S. Russian coronations. I think we have to be honest about that. If we are in a situation where the civil war is deescalating, i think the possibility is open. What secretary kerry cant do last year was a bit of a quid pro quo. In which russia would cooperate against terrorist targets, and we would agree together on who those targets are, but the key component of the deal was that as we began that cooperation, the Syrian Regime would stop all airstrikes. That is the key component of the deal. Regime, no more bombs or airstrikes, while the u. S. And russia began cooperating. We did not reach we did not get to test that because the violence escalated so dramatically and found it untenable. If you are to envision a scenario in which we are able to Work Together, there might be possibilities. It has to be in the context has to be in the context of humanitarian aid reaching these populations and the very serious violations can is talking about stopping. It is difficult to visualize how we could have the operation we might want to see. With the syria opposition between the u. S. And russia, d you come in think we favor what we call the local option. Their families have been killed. Those people can be the core element to make sure that daesh is not coming back. In many areas. We bring outside people, i think what we have seen in many situations recently, we have , where it is the local group supported by turkey, progress. O make huge think if we need to succeed in terms of countering and defeating daesh, we need to resort to this local option. We have many who can be utilized and supported by the international coalition. Also, countries like turkey. It is common interest for all of us. Unless you have an element, you will not be able to defeat daesh. I think the Previous Administration made a mistake because they try to confront politically without a credible military flat threat. Hand toed on the other face daesh without a political component. We get used to together working in harmony, it is a strategyo imagine can be devised. Issue ofthe spoilerson, there are on both sides. Doing things to spoil would cycle in the the campaign to we have seen spoilers on the regime side. I think russia really did try. As the u. S. And russia begin to find a potential way forward, that russia passes ability to deliver on the ground is a question mark. Things that i know you did not want to see happen. This is another dime mimic. Find a way forward to cooperate, we have to do it where it counts. Complicateds very and servicing that would be useful. Russian and iranian policy, does that align right now in syria . I know they aligned very well over the past year but to what extent Going Forward . I would like to make some comments on the previous discussion. Surprised our discussion is concentrated on russian involvement in the syrian conflict. Years, russia was not at all present in the syrian context, not at all. It was the responsibility of the United States of america, the coalition, russia was not present at all. What happened in five years, the civil war started. The problem of the government was not solved at all. He is still there and in our field still the legal president of the republic whether you like him or not. Syria is a member state of the united nations. And others dramatically increased their business in syria during these five years. The coalition did not manage to do anything about that. Talks, i see at least me somele, please give idea who is the next leader of syria to replace him and lead the army against bang bang daesh. There are so many different opinions on that. We will not see any other National Leader of the country take the lead. Libyay we have seen it in to ourtion is not position is the problem of terrorism, which we aim to adjust. Cases, in terms of , not our enemy, but our partner. Problem, we can , including now to your question on iran. Started our communications and iran joined later. To sit together with turkey, we believed it would be extremely important. To see the three countries. They succeeded already two imes, the most radical believe this has a chance to story due toess countriest separate they have the same goal in the same aim in syria. Thank you. I want to open it up to the audience. While isis is terrible and commits horrible atrocities in iraq and syria, lets be clear, in syria, the Syrian Network for human rights, 90 of civilian casualties are the product of that government. Daesh,means, lets fight but lets not do it using the forces killing 900 civilians. Second, i think it was put well in the remarks. There is a difference between fighting daesh and defeating daesh. If you look at where daesh came from, you look at the policies of iraq and syria under a sod. Assad. A solution where the sunni population believes it has a home in syria. That will be essential to the question of who you substitute for assad . You hopefully move past sectarianism. The final point, i honestly dont know what the real rockary plan is for taking up. I do not know who the Ground Forces are. I am not sure the kurds want to go that far south. We heard this morning from the Turkish Foreign minister. Then what . To proceed with Syrian GovernmentGround Forces really means proceeding with the militia and a number of forces who will not provide this inclusive solution. To team up with russia, russia does not have more significant ground force them the u. S. Does. Either ishink providing a real solution there. There is the question of does teaming up with russia mean eaming up with civilians it is not just whether siebel stepped back, is russia going to change its approach to fighting wars the way they are supposed to be thought, attacking combatants and not civilians . I do not see a feasible plan. We need to because of support for iran and russia. If you lisa go, they intervened in 2012, reviewse russia really the strategy in syria and moves to a peacemaking strategy. Powerm is to transition into the Syrian People. It is not up to me or any other i want to really say this person in power or this person should be in power. Ish be up to syrians to talk about this is exactly what we and to transition the power the people make up their mind. [applause] i think the panel will take questions now. If you have a question, raise your hands but also, you can find the conference. Question thank you. Came from a background society. I sadly cannot agree with you about the summarization about our issues. It is tourism, as, election, and ceasefire. I first of all want to ask the panelists where is the ceasefire . They were discussing the hezbollah agreement, andputting under attack ally, it forced civilians i am sorry to say that but you mentioned no one mentioned what is going on in iran and to mac it damascus and at home. Which kind of ceasefire will we see in the future . Secondly, when we have to speak about humanitarian aid, why we have to provide aid more than four years, under siege by assad forces and iranian and hezbollah supporting him. Fromng people under siege their life and from their love , second, where is the accountability . Without real account ability, we cannot see any kind in the future. All of you see the last supportive amnesty, 13,000 who killed under torture, i was one of the detainees in syria. Six months in jail and tortured by assad forces. I have from the revolution, the Nonviolent Movement from government because we need to back our rights and feel like we are citizens under the government and our country and we need our freedom and dignity and we need to leave under a democracy. When you are talking about the mentionon, you did not 2118. I understood you are ignoring , ignoring the real of political transition which may be will in the future justice,ccountability, with more than half of our people outside syria just because of assads traits. Thanks. [applause] thank you for that powerful intervention. I first of all cannot imagine the level of frustration and anger, especially from a syrian woman who has been going through jail and torture for being quite moderate in her own reaction. I am not going to say anything about that. 47 years now, with the u. N. In conflict areas. Iraq and afghanistan, and ive war, a conflict with such a cruel environment, never. Sides. Th i have seen it from both sides. Not proportional. One of the most cruel ways to actuallyis conflict is since i work for the u. N. , im trying to be intellectually honest and it is not easy because you get emotional, not unavoidable. Not mention to. Ages being the siege he did not mention what is being besieged by daesh. Weve been trying to reach them by airdrop. Words, what if the method is used is unacceptable . To prove that we of been complaining and we will continue complaining are ever we can, that when you have a ceasefire, that first it is not to than prolong a ceasefire or because that is another way to actually make war. We discussed it with our russian and turkish kaunas counterparts. Once the incidents which are taking place and which are to encroach more in the here,ory, there are five and therefore move a little bit on what is a military solution, we start seeing genuine humanitarian access. I know people were talking to me actually about it. Want to see that. It is becoming much better. The second thing is food and medicine. Agree u it is not just about us agreeing. We do more than any other country in terms of humanitarian aid. Aleppo was liberated. So manyvered , innitarian aid packages the hands of aleppo. I dont know how they managed to. Ome in possession of these according to my information, when aleppo is free, we dont see any other countries starting their humanitarian aid programs. Was at the if aleppo highest, the campaign see any further humanitarian aid programs for aleppo. Russia does more than any other country in that sense. I can see two hands. Lets take the questions and go back to the panel. I am the head of amnesty international. Thank you again. Just listening to this theersation, you can see person on the street is totally with the systems and institutions and our leaders were supposed to be delivering basic security. Totally unclear in what the proposal is moving forward, i with theally agree russian speaker that the western powers have historically used human rights selectively depending on their own convenience. They are doing that even now in saudi arabia. It is completely different in terms of the principles they use than they use in syria. But that is not the point for amnesty. We must call out u. S. Double standards as much as russian double standards. What happens to the people of syria . Geneva, how is the stock really supposed to succeed . Leavingare not really the process so i am asking more if we have right now the process going ahead, the Trump Administration is setting suddenly getting friendlier but they do not want the iranians. I do not understand what exactly the proposal is moving forward. We are supposed be waiting to see what trump is thinking. Is this the proposal from the munich Security Council . That we dont know what americans are thinking, the russians are using the Security Council, the americans have done that for a long time in relation to palestine and israel. I think you have described essentially the reason why we are here. Who is going to want to take this one on . I set it at the end and i should not talk too much because ive had the opportunity to do so. A big question mark is where is the oil . We are not aware of the fact that they are going through a subtle revision taking place and it should be ending by early march. We are depending on that why . Even the socalled potential inclusion of a new type of development between russia and , and how to expand a ceasefire into something much more concrete, plus fighting daesh, depends on knowing where the u. S. Is. I know theyell you have three priorities. These need to be squared into a to produce, hopefully, something stable for syria. That, i must tell you, i have been in iraq and afghanistan and i was wondering the other day, though i dont sleep that well when you are thinking all the time, what can we do more about syria, what is different from my experience in iraq and syria and afghanistan . They were very complicated at that time. Nothing is comparable to syria today. They were very complicated. , oneddenly occurred to me thing i am missing at the moment to have a clear equation we can work on was a clear u. S. Strategy. In order to be able to counterbalance other strategies, trying to use every type of agenda in order to make one peace andich is stability and stopping the conflict, we are waiting for it. Brett. How long are we going to have to wait before there is a coherent strategy . Sometimes, the americans can see the dark side of the mood and come in and solve the most, kitted situation imaginable. There is not a tool in the full kit that will look a little harder and suddenly the situation will be dramatically improved especially with this horrific civil war. Situation, at the just trying to calm it down, there might be some simply because of the deescalate tory cycles we have seen. We would really have to reinforce this. Go clockwise, there is the southwest corner, fairly quiet. You want to make sure it stays quiet. Sition areas serious problem of al qaeda and the opposition. That is a distinct problem to work on together. Upre is the zone that opens possibilities for humanitarian there is the fight against daesh. It is a multidimensional problem and i do not think u. S. Will come in with a onesizefitsall solution because there is not one. Variousooking at measures but any expectation within three weeks to find a solution, i am afraid people will be disappointed. Having russia, turkey, and i run, it is very important. Where the civil war civil war is raging, those are the main influences on the ground. Those areas. In i want to take another question. I am being asked to conclude. Let me say this a bit more diplomatically. God help the Syrian People if we are waiting for donald trump to provide the solution. On incumbent on all of us to step forward. We have seen one senior official after the other tread water without really saying anything. The effort was led in the general assembly. Other governments can take the lead. This is urgent. As noted, what happened easily could be replicated. The strategy of starve and bomb the people into submission is and weategy of assad will pursue this unless it breaks down. Urgency frankly for the prisoners because those people are dying every civil day and we tend to forget about them because we cannot see them bit but there israel urgency here. These questions and we will give one last word to one of our panelists and concluded goahead briefly. Thank you. Are we watching the dissolution of the empire in the way that what we see now is partly a result difficult a very very question for the end of the session. May be we have to go a step back and think about, these and maybeould exist this could be a way, if not, there is a possibility to keep the nationstate. I found out these countries, obviously kept together under dictators, that has exactly happened. Thank you. A very important question. Go ahead. Either everyone or nobody. [speaking another language] thank you. Ok. Thank you. I think you are getting the last word. A couple of comments. One is the Russian Military i believe has been the most transparent. Each day, we reported possible details. When the report suddenly appears without evidence, you have to place it somewhere. You have to bring evidence to that. Weve never been confronted with evidence. Most of all ise that look, now when we do our utmost in order to place together the government and the most radical position and we start to succeed immediately, one after the other, there are most or four reports with terrible information, just sending a signal to these positions, dont go there, dont start any consultations with this government. You have seen the reports of how terrible it is. For me, this is a political make it moreer to difficult for people with different opinions to talk to each other. Our policy is only about giving possibility to people with different opinions to Start Talking to each other and determine the fate of syria by themselves. I am afraid im being asked to wrap this up. I know you want to say literally five words. Hope inve a glimmer of geneva. Lets Work Together to make sure it works and have the best in the world there in order to make sure we have a genuine politics of transition. To end this discussion. Thank you all. This has been a very interesting panel. There will hopefully be much better news to discuss next year. [applause] thank you very much. Very nice to meet you. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2017] cpac is underway in the nations capital