Transcripts For CSPAN Living On The Moon And Mars 20170827

Minutes. Next thing to being interested in space. Its what used to do for my earlier date in my first career, and its my first love and why i got into based in the first waste. I love to think about it and talk about it and argued about it. Hopefully we will do a little bit of that in the jam session. I am here to talk to you today about something thats not talked about a lot today, which is the moon, and what community could, perhaps should, do on the moon. Normally we hear about mars. On top much if at all about mars and i find it uninteresting. Ask me about that in q and a if you want. On this first chart, you see something let me see if i can get the laser going here. Maybe this is off. There we go. This is the earth moon system to scale. For those of you who might want to go to a claimant sunday, this is a planet you go to a planet some day, you could. Is this three days away. There will be more societies in future that once very will not speak english. It will probably be hard to learn and very few people learn it because it is spoken on the other side of the world. This is a remarkable thing in a double system, planet system really. Our moon is far for larger compared to earth than most moons are compared to their host point. Scientific set of hypotheses about how the moon came to be, why it there. There is a whole other set of hypotheses about why the moon is there. There is another set of about what it consists of, how it operates and functions of the planet. Many years ago, there was an author and visionary who publish about the Human Development of space. Some of you may have read his work. He was fond of saying if god intended man to explore space, he would have given him a moon. In fact, we have one. My purpose tonight is to give you a sense of the kind of things that could happen. What i want to argue is the reason it is relevant for you is not only could happen but they could happen in our lifetime, even in my lifetime. That is exciting to think about. What is moon village . Here is the head of the European Space agency. He had an amazing vision a couple years ago, which he called moon village. It doesnt mean a place with a church and a townhall and so forth great what it is is what you see here. It is the notion that multiple actors by which he means governments, companies, investors, and so forth can all come together but do their own thing in a place where they share resources and capabilities, which gives them safety and critical math. Critical mass. In my analysis, i conclude it is not really a single location, there are probably a network of locations linked through transportation systems. This is a very compelling vision, not just technically but for the reason he is promoting it, which is it is more practical for the global space faring community than a human to mars vision. The reason for that is virtually every player in space today can participate in a moon village. That is kind of a modern western concept. This is not a nation beating their chests and trying to outcompete each other for flags and footprints and headlines, this is a community of nations and commercial players operating together, supporting each other, providing each other services in a community, which sounds a lot like what we do on earth. What a weird place for a village. However you define a village. It is a pretty desolate place. Im sure it is even more magnificent when you are standing there, and i hope you do someday. So, as an architect, i want to talk about some of the strange places where we build cities. The first thing i want to say about this is, as you heard a little for my bio, i thought about this and written about this for a lot of years if your interest in, there are a lot of papers going back many years that we can hook you up with where you can learn more about this. Let us talk about where cities happen. Here is one on the Arabian Peninsula that was lost for many years. It was a city of legend until it was discovered by imagery from space at an intersection of trade routes in what is now the desert what was once a limestone environment full of water. And it had the unfortunate attribute that they built the fortress over top of this. It is hollow, it is limestone caverns. That is what makes the shape or the radar dish is. It collapsed into the underground caverns one day and spawned the legend of ubar. Here is machu picchu. The captives or the offspring of rulers or nations that had been captured by the incas were sent to be indoctrinated into the incas philosophy. It is a very strange place because it is built on the top of the mountain in a valley next to the sacred valley of the incas on purpose to be an accessible. Its location was hidden so well that the discoverers never found it. 1000 years before the greeks. It was built on a volcano, which then blew up, perhaps leading to the legend of atlantis. We are building a new settlement there on the edge. This is santorini. We have a habit cities on swamps. I have lived in both of these places. Houston and washington, d. C. Sometimes rebuild cities under sea level. This is new orleans. You can say the same about a lot in holland. Here is where we are today. Pasadena is right about there this is a seismically active. Region that needs water from other parts of the state in order to support our lifestyle. This was the station fire in 2009. Here is one, a city of about 2000 people that happens to be on the north slope of alaska. You all know why this city is here. The point is cities occur where there is economic activity. That is why they grow where they grow. If we are going to contemplate any kind of edelmans on another planet, any planet, even a very close planet like the moon, you have to ask a fundamental question of who is going to pay to stick a city on another planet. If you cannot answer this question, it is not going to happen. That is just a harsh fact of life. It is not the laws of physics. Alas, its the law of economics and they are just as viable as the laws of physics. Heres what is interesting about a man village or a settlement on the moon. There are four types of things you can use people for in space. Here they are. There is the one that the u. S. Government has only ever been interested in, which is exploring. There is the one that most people were enthusiasts actually mean when they are enthusiastic about space, which is getting the chance to go and experience it, feel it, see it, witness it, participate in it, and write about it. There is an activity that a few enthusiasts are interested in, which is extracting resources from it for the benefit of earth. And then finally, there is an even Smaller Group of people who probably want to actually just go and live in various places. You can explore, experience, exploit, or expand. Those are the only four ive come up with in years of thinking about this. The fascinating thing about the moon is you can advance all four of these in that one place. It is the only place as a human destination in the solar system where all four can come to play. In the analysis i published last year, there are six principles that i think government village villagen moon activities. The first is about science. It turns out lunar science is fundamental. You all knew this because in star trek, there are only three colors of shirts. Command, engineering, and science. All the interesting one is in the science color, the blue shirt. That is why it is blue here. That is fundamental because we know basically nothing about 1 6 gravity. You know the hopping gait you see in the video of apollo astronauts . That is not because of 1 6 gravity, that is because their suits were so stiff, they couldnt bend their joints. We dont even know how people walk in 1 6 g, let alone all the other things you have to do to be a person in an environment like that. We just dont know. Next, is what i call the practicum. That is because we know nothing about 1 6 g or operating on the planetary surface in a vacuum. All the Little Things you need to know about how industrial processes work inhouse systems he hates and how humans operate and how biology works in that environment is pivotal. You may learn you didnt like the answer but you cannot know that before you go. Experimentation is required. Because the knowledge is pivotal, the fourth principle is if you have that knowledge and somebody else wants it, you can sell it. That is a basic law of economics, and i think that will become an engine of Economic Growth of any type of settlement on the moon. Number five is resources. If you are not producing something you are exporting to somebody who is willing to pay for it, you are not growing. Might be a hobby of the government or a foundation, but you are not going to grow. You cannot grow unless you are extracting wealth from something new and exporting it to somebody else who is interested in. Six is for the divisions we see, to get to that level of sophistication even for a city of 2000 you need a settlement orientation. That covers your choices for lifesupport technologies. Physical chemical or biologicalbased . Which is more scalable and robust . It does govern your choices about Construction Materials and where you get them and what you bring from home. If you dont choose to have a settlement orientation at the beginning, that lowers the bar for all the kinds of things you have to do because you can just bring stuff from home, which is far cheaper than developing it there or expecting to depend on it there. So, those six findings are principles that came from a set of findings in my analysis. I will not bore you with all 12, i will just show you a couple that are particularly provocative. Number one, technically we could do it. We meaning the Global Aerospace enterprise with the capabilities that exist around the world. We could do it. Here is a comparison. The International Space station. An amazing accomplishment. If you reduce it to its essence, its power production, its laboratories, it is a way of getting back and forth. It doesnt have to be a shuttle. It could be a dragon, but it is some kind of shuttle. What is the moon village . It is always think the four things we do not have today. A way to get back and forth between the earth and the moon, a way to get to the surface and backup from the surface of the moon, a way to build and maintain things, and then a way to extract materials from what we find there. This alone tells you that if this thing costs 100 billion even because we have most of these things, if this only cost 50 billion, then you have to spend a whole other program to get this stuff. It is the reason why humans to mars is unaffordable and will remain so. All these things are necessary for mars as well and mars is really, really far away. But here is finding number two. There are rules for all of these players. Heres what i call the big for government agencies. Nasa, the European Space agency, the Chinese Space agency, and the Russian Space agency. Then there are others and then there is we call industry. Old space and new space. The point is, all the things to do in England Village are so diverse and interlock in such a way that there is room for everybody. There is more than enough work to do for everybody to play. That is an important consideration for building a community, a practice, and a community of progress. Growth requires export. You have to export it to somebody who is willing to pay or else you will never grow. This is what i call the topline Budget Constraint problem. The nasa budget is 20 billion a year and it will not double or go up by a factor of 10. All the other space agencies together are about equal in some to the nasa budget. If you expect to present any kind of city or settlement, you need money from somewhere else. Where do you get money . You get it from other Capital Markets and entrepreneurs. What would they buy . The in space one might want gases and things to breathe and so far. The terrestrial ones might want special elements and things we are much more familiar with in the tourism and entertainment industry. Those are the things to export. I have never yet come up with anything other than this list. What is interesting is the scale. You can probably find a couple hundred Million Dollars worth of science that governments are willing to pay you. You can find an order are magnitude more than that, still constrained by the governments topline budget for what people are willing to buy from you to use in space, and then the real money comes from the terrestrial market. This begins to give you a sense of what it would require if a moon village were to be able to grow. The practical stuff has to come first. Environmental management means learning how to operate in that environment. Industrial operations. How do you do production scale stuff . Build things, fix things. Those are the things to export. Ive struggled with this for years. What is interesting is the scale, right . Au could probably find a couple hundred Million Dollars worth that the government is willing to pay you. Some for whatind people are willing to buy from you to use in space. The real money comes from the terrestrial market. This begins to give you a sense of what it would require if a moon village were be able to grow. Finding six, the practical stuff has to come first. Environmental management means learning how to operate in that environment. Industrial operations. How do you do production scale stuff . Manufacture things, build things, fix things. Kitchen science. For years i said, you cannot have a space hotel until you can cook an outlet and make a martini in space cook an omelette and make a martini in space. Nobody knows how to do that, by the way. We do not cook on the International Space station, by the way. Nobody knows how to do it. That would be a great reality tv show. Experimenting in the kitchen on the moon. Imagine the accidents that could happen. That makes good tv. How to live and do all the things you know how to do for a community of people. The thing nasa talks about which is preparing to go to, which is mars. All of these things need to be learned. Finding seven is learning those who things costs and expense of the amount of experimentation because it is on the moon. It is expensive to get there and back in function and survive. To do experiments. All that stuff has to be learned and an extensive experimental phase that only the big for can pay for. Once we know what we could get for the moon and how well and fast could grow capability on the moon or settlement for moon, then the growth comes from group three, the commercial guys. Because theyre making stuff they are selling to each other and to everyone else. Government investment is enabling the commercial controls growth. The future i am painting for you is, in my mind, optimistic. Probably didnt seem that way to you. But i think we have learned many times in many fields that the greatest optimism arises from the most critical visions. By critical i mean visions that can become real, that meet the requirements of reality. In the world we live in where we see things on screens that appear to be real, they are realistic, they give us a sense of what is real that may or may not be true. It is best if we actually understand what is true, what must be true, what cannot not be true so that the visions we fashion and work on together and toward our realizable. As were great things come from. Things that are not just visions but there actually built and they happen. That is how the nation happens. That is how Technological Progress has happened around the world. It becomes a pragmatic. Pragmatism means realism. I dont mean to be a wet blanket on mars. What must happen without which visionary things cannot happen . With that means is taking this place which we see all the time in the night sky and humanity has seen since you it was seeing and reviewing it this way. This is a map of the moon but it is emblematic of appreciating this other place with a surface area as large as africa is full of resources, opportunities, questions, unknowns, and chances for explanation, for experience, for exploitation, and for expansion. I will stop there and ask you guys for questions. There is one already. As then we will get to the the jam in a couple of minutes. The question is about the potential for manufacturing on the moon. Oh, we have a roving mic. Ok. If youre asking questions, please ask on the mic. Exit what are the potentials what are the potentials for manufacturing from the moon . My answer is it completely depends on the utility of what can be manufactured. One of my favorites, as an architect, is there is a lot of native iron. Particles of reduced iron because of hydrogen in the solar wind. That means there are particles of iron that can be extracted magnetically and used to make things out of iron, which is an amazing thing. It is a thing we havent done for architectural purposes on earth since the late 19th century. It might even introduce a whole new aesthetic, architecture made of rock, cast, stone, and iron. I personally find that remarkable. In terms of exporting stuff from the moon to some other place, there are two. One is using lunar materials, metals, glasses for this construction of solar power satellites. The other would be things for earth directly. One is helium three because it is the fuel for one Nuclear Reaction that might be usable in a fusion reactor for power production, although there is plenty of helium three in sea water. Enough to demonstrate that you could use a fusion reactor, which no one has ever done, ok . As if you could scale it up and use it for energy on earth, then you can strip mined the surface of the moon. The other is rarer elements, which do exist in some concentrations on the moon, particularly on the Northwest Side as we see that your side of the moon up in this area. It iscommon use of in all of your cell phones, in the magnets that make the Wind Turbines work on the way out to palm springs for green energy or clean energy, right . We get all of that fancy stuff from china and we could get it from the moon, too. Theres is no way to know if halfis economic and a to get to the moon. You addressed the experimental and elemental part of that but i would like to follow up with, could you address possibly the aspects of low gravity and the unlimited amount of solar energy . Ask the solar energy on the moon is unlimited, but on most places on the moan as im sure you an Energy Storage issue. I am also intrigued that the possibilities of 16 g construction. Atmosphere harsher. 14. 7 pounds on every square inch buildface and we dont structures like that on earth. It is like living inside a pressure vessel but in reverse. That is high risk. But it can be done. That is what the space station is. A space vessel, one could bring very slender. They are benign and that environment. There is that aesthetic of lunar architecture that is fascinating to imagine. Lets go to another question. You would imagine earth people landing in the is to live . Which side of the moon because there is the dark side and the light side. Toh are probably really hard live on. Ok. There is a dark side and light side but they change all the time. I think what you meant was there is a nearside and farsighted. Each one cycles through light and dark every two weeks. They are extremely different from each other, the nurse identifier side. We need to do more exploration. The farsighted is more rugged. It has a scientific benefit in that it is in the radio shadow of earth, right . So it does not seal of the noise in the radio spectrum that we have for on earth. If we were to build radio telescopes on the far side, it would open a whole new window of understanding the universe, which is exciting. It you do not need and you probably dont want a lot of radio to run such a telescope facility. If i were going to be there, the place i would want to be is where i can see earth in the sky. How cool is that . I mean, the view. As cool as it might be with the terrain, it is even cooler with the earth in the sky. There is a psychologicals begin there. Significance there. One of the earths one of the astronauts said there was a potency to being able to hide the earth with your thought. Hold up your thumb and blot out the earth with your thumb. Just that simple act did something about making them feel very alone and distant. What might that mean for Human Behavior and how people learn to get along. I dont know. There are a lot of humanistic aspects to Space Architecture that are fascinating. The least of which is, you are living in a place where it takes only one person to sabotage the lives of all because death is on the other side of the wall , which isath is there something we do not have here. I would like to see the aspect of Entertainment Industries being involved. Developmentee the of a settlement being influenced by the fact that it may be just an Amusement Park outside of earth, because you did mention that baseline and the basic installations would have to be undead and done by a Government Agency such as nasa. The next step would be to plugin industries and create this experience and a new kind of exploration adventure so to save for people in order to have money funded into it so how do you see this affecting the settlement in a real sense of the word. Great question. One of the findings is you cannot even get started with out the investment of one or more are possibly our of the all of these spacefaring governments. But that only get you the flat line. Sort of like antarctica. In the way more people antarctica that people even dream on having the moon and they are doing exploration because by treating you cannot to resource extraction and antarctica. There is an interesting thing to think about. To get a growth trajectory it requires this commercial enterprise. People only put money and if they expect to get more money out. I think the economy can be an robust engine for a travel based industry that can be a source of revenue growth. I dont know how many of you have taken cruises on large cruise ships but it is unbelievable what happens. There are these monstrous ships with thousands of people that go and peopleto place pay for the experience of being on that ship and doing that stuff. I think the steppingstone the answer to your question is if and whenever that happens it will completely dominate Everything Else on the surface of the moon because it will be the engine of growth. To get to that point a key stepping stone and this is the topic for a different talk is resort hotels. Ride of your life. Unique sensation. Experience. Play with your food in zero g and the ride of your life coming back down, too. The view out the window is the most unbelievable in the solar system and it changes all the time. So, to me that is incredibly marketable and we now have the beginnings of an industry that is trying to break into that. Different envision futures depending on where investments are focused. Years and it0 eventually gets six symbols servants to mars wants, that is the future. Another might be the same amount of money and time but you have hundreds of dozens of ordinary people flying in space every year. That is a different future. It opens the door to other futures that the first one maybe does not. Each of those four dimensions i showed on the early chart lead you in a different place or to a different future depending upon where you choose to put your investments. You guys are going to cut me off at some point so let me now. One more question. Your hand was up first. Ok, 30 foot a low ocean is one atmosphere so we go many atmospheres to the bottom so it is more dangerous to be in the ocean then you are mentioning the on ships. The titanic comes to mind. The question i have was have you done an analysis of how much one gallon of hydrogen and oxygen would be worth outside of the arths gravity so that filling station could be self sufficient, what would be the weight of return . Taking people out there and putting them up and opening up a gas station. That is exactly the right kind of question. I have not done that. It is a function of the demand market. You have to figure out what kind , right . Most of the literature about the use of space resources is use of those resources in space. Alabama. Live in that is what we call a selflicking ice cream cant. Youre getting money from until you take out of that paradigm, that is the answer to your question. If it is somebody that needs that hydrogen and oxygen for propellant to go to an asteroid to bring it back to ruin the futures market, that is a different value proposition. Think i am not exactly sure how agm works because i was not works becausejam i was not here for the others up but i think im supposed to introduce a topic and let it go. I am going to read you a couple she pulled out of one of my papers and put it back to me, which was kind of interesting and then im going to pose you a question and hand over the mike. First of all, thank you for your attention and interest. It is fun to talk about only like. ] pplause i promised her i would be provocative so here it is. Nasa is a mature Government Agency. In 1958 it was a new agency focused on the scientific frontier. Within three years, was aartered to deliver miraculous achievement of up accident against, and nine years later did. Those were heady days for a young, technical bureaucracy. Impossiblemed because the impossible was being performed. Upon the triumph of apollo 11, the average age of nasa was 28. 4. So my question to you and then im going to leave the stage i think, i will leave the stage after that, i will not moderate thats what these people do. Every 18 of april you pay for your nasa. What do one is to be and how do you want to get there from where it is today . Actually having watched the as a child, i remember and enthusiasm. Thatnk nasa is an agency has a great deal of selfdoubt to they allow obstacles interrupt their thinking. Rejuvenating Something Like that , how do we do that . You know, how do we rejuvenate something where you have that middle school pessimism . We need more planned projects. It produces great oxygen you dont have to pay for. I think an important consideration right now is that based off the fact that many of wantprojects are, i dont to say oneoff, but certainly not massproduced. Given the possibility of the future on a moon it will require ofh more mass produced means getting there as well as massproduced and varmints in which we can live so the consideration i think right now is whether we should be making the investment in lowering those costs. Producingeration of many more of these then we currently have. So how to bring down cost. Projects wait as these progress or start making it now based on the expectation of future demand. I think one thing to consider is often in the political spectrum more structure nasa is almost given a different role. Politicians pet projects, unfortunately and many of the projects are 10 on minimum. The difficult thing for nasa is convincing politicians they should take 10 or 20 years for us to do what we are to do and align their vision with what were trying to accomplish. Unless that happens the budget project,hed for this that project. Some senator or congressman might say, ok want Something Else to be done because this benefits my constituents, which is great for their constituents but as a matter of fact we were mission architecture, it might affect how this is with new parameters. So i think the political side is a big hurdle in challenge. If theye politicians can see the longterm value in what nasa is trying to accomplish with each program that might benefit and allow nasa to move with greater confidence. One agree with you but thing is, nasa, i was a small child watching these missions go up and over the years i realized dot we are so afraid to anything which is remotely risky that we just keep doing similar things. Of course, in nasa would never do anything cheap because we always do something which is beyond what we have done so it has always been costly but we should be ready to take risks. And there is a public mandate that it should be acceptable, taking risks. Not accepting of nasa. Excepting of elon musk or spacex taking risks. And that is something that has to come on both sides and has a political field. So, in that case do you think that necessarily teaming up with some sort of private Visionary Companies such as spacex for example, do you think that would promote public and encouraging nasa taking risks . Because it is true that people are not very liberal when it comes to spending that much money on something that has a high risk in terms of failure. Think spokespeople like elon musk or i am not only are with other private companies, but if those Companies Get involved to some degree, do you think that would make it more popular to the public . Brent, do you want to answer this one . We already collaborate a lot. In my opinion, well really collaborate a lot with the industry. More public the might see us as that. We are already collaborating on the red dragon. The future we have to collaborate and that is just the nature of the game but [a ernible [in discernible [indiscernible] a kick starter actual safeguards. Not governmental safeguards. How made daredevils are going to jump over the grand canyon or get in these contraptions that they call sky wings and jump through all of this. Take those individuals and put with ato that challenge philanthropic when you have a kick a campaign, you are getting the task from the beginning. Your government dollars, instead feedback,ng 30 or 40 and other words depending upon your tax bracket. 100,000 and you get 40,000 back advantage. It is a way of circumventing nasa instead of being able to do the Big International kick starter in actually have individuals willing to risk their lives as we do on planet earth already. Just minimal. Want to drop one more thing into the jam. Something to think about. When nasa was a brandnew bureaucracy, right . It was a bunch of government and called together nasa and given this job a couple years later, think it is important to ask what job they were given. If you notice in my statement, i did not articulate that. That is not given what the whole community that grew up around the site and its mission believes is its mission. Right . Boots on planets. The mission was to embarrass the soviets from the world stage of Public Opinion because of countries that were in the process of deciding whether they wanted to follow the Democratic Path or the socialist path. That is the job nasa was given. To dod apollo is the way it. That was the task that was joe chosen forit to it to do and geopolitical mission. The question we might want to think about if we want our Space Exploration agency to have the kind of centrality that it used to have in life in the 60s when i was growing up, if we want the mission it does to be bold and do some of these amazing things, we have to ask ourselves, what . What geopolitical agenda is the urgent issue of today which nasa in human spaceflight alone can answer. I think it is very hard to match masses with what we hear ,ssigned Mission Today is right . What geopolitical agendas being solved by that . As mentioned before, that any is a mature agency and entity that matures, it is time for the lifecycle to shift. That said, i think these days for definingsuited a vision and providing the earth bound infrastructure i. E. Spaceports, much the way faa manages aerospace and airports your credit. Build there are plenty of other entities to step in to build the spacecraft if nasa would just provide the vision and an environment to allow them to explore and i think that would be a better role at this point. I completely agree with regard to the political motivation of nasas founding. I think that is a big issue right now with regard to taking risks. Also, the nature of any Government Organization within the modern day in todays data jump in economy where any slip up, and of issue can be forever immortalized on a computer server somewhere and immediately picked up and scrutinized, which means that the stakes can be much out of proportion more easily than say for example. It may not necessarily be the fact that time has gone on or complacency a sudden but that can be an issue. Im not going to comment on that. It also happens to be a product live in. Me we is it possible to counter that using that fact . Campaign, more Effective Marketing to create within the public ice the nasa we wish to see. We have time for one more closing remark in this first jam sections before we go to the next. , it isollow up on that in terms off right now there is a lot more attention and polarization in terms of the opinion and in terms of ideation. It would attract attention toward things that are more close to the heart, so to say. So, a person who is unstable in their Economic Situation or in situation mayical not be as inclined to think about things Like Aerospace or Space Exploration, which seem to be pretty far away if you put those two things on a scale. Maybee of the economic not problems but definitely difficulties we are exploring experiencing, it is very hard to make mental space for considerations of things that are a bit farther away. All right. That concludes our first of two jam sessions today. To introduce the next speaker which is susan jewell. A fewwant to say it things about her. We had a good talk about the moon and i think the discussion is about to get fired up because his is all about mars now. Susan has been involved in the area of Space Exploration, health care, stem education, entrepreneurship. For many years. She is president at mars academy usa, mars without borders, and the spacer dream institute. She is a Space Research alumni and an alumni have International Space university. She is trained in astronomic simulation and medicine. She will tell a lot more. Susan. [applause] [applause] space station. To luna Mission Control. Say the crewd to has landed. The falcon has landed and we are all happy and safe on the martian surface. Over and out. Hello, everybody. [applause] susan yay you are probably wondering what was that all about. First of all, put the mic on. Thank you, thank you. All right. So, i was told that this is very interactive and very active, right, meetup. And so, i have to engage the audience and, i am excited because we actually have people from all over the country, maybe all over the world, that is joining us tonight. Im going to say hi to the virtual participants and welcome. My name is susan jewell. First and foremost, i am interested in human life in the evolution of humanity. And yes. I am talking about becoming a martian, a space traveler or explorer, go to the moon, go to mars, go to venus. Whatever destination beyond earths orbit. Destination. Nd but that can change and it will change. But what is the most important thing about this vision . It is the journey itself. The experience that you encounter. The sharing, because that is what makes us human, right . The sharing of experiences. That is what i am here for. But also, i am here because i am such an advocate of trying to inspire people. Because why . Because i was inspired myself when i was a little girl. That was many decades ago. I want to inspire people of any age. It doesnt matter how old you are, how young you are. I want to talk to you about something really exciting, especially now, at this juncture in our humanity, in answer human in our Human Evolution because everything is aligned that only technologic, wise, but people are fascinated about space. Be justnot have to about mars. I am just using mars is a point in the distance. It could be to the moon. It could be too low north urban low earth orbit. Why . Because for many decades, since we had Neil Armstrong stepped on the moon, there have not been that many people that had this expense. In fact, there have not been many people who even had the have anity to even little experience about what it is like to be a nest not. So that is why im here today and that is what ive been doing for many years. I am so passionate about opening the portal of having an experience. Uniqueart of a experience of becoming an astronaut. Yes. Actually goingt into space right now, but that is the journey at some point. Before we get to that point, we have to start somewhere. Educating, about empowering, about encouraging, and about having people be excited like i am. I have been excited since i first saw the armstrong thats how old are you step foot on the moon. Part of that. I want everyone to experience that. So yes, i am all those things that was just said about me but mainly i am a senti and earthling wanting to be an off world whatever the planet name you want to call it. A martian, a moon person, a venus person, you know, in the future. Or even just for me a chance for people to go to lower earth orbit. Wouldnt that be exciting, that possibility . And it can happen within our lifetime. So with that said, my topic today is about in tears a long title mars analog astronautics Simulation Training integrating exponential settlers. For martian do not focus on one word. It is not about labeling, right . It is about the expense. That is what makes us human. Having experiences. And then sharing it. Sharing those experiences and the knowledge is we acquire. What can we create . That is what excites me. And everyone out there in the Virtual World out there, get excited because this is such a unique time. But first, disclosure. Youve mentioned this is my passion. This is my fulltime its not work here it is something i am driven to do. Thats why i want to inspire people. If it is work, then it is work. But if it is something you are so passionate about it does not matter. You dream about it, you wake up call me sleep, you are thinking about a because it is a deep calling. You are so common is uninspired. So, yes. Out of my many years of doing all of these Different Things that culminates right now to these organizations but full disclosure, what i am going to tell you about the work we have done has been supported by these organizations so that is my disclosure. Now, look at that. Right . I am going to have to be interactive and i want to be. Tell me. Shut up at judges, something, anything, when you see that. When you see that image. In we only say, an image says a million words, right . What does it conjure up to you . The words. Reach, stunning, out of possible, impossible. Yay. Lonely . Actually, we have grew there. But, thats great. Nothing is right and nothing is wrong. It is just a reaction you are getting. The possibility. Just that image. Beings, that human working together, actually got us beyond earths orbit and onto another planetary body, right . But look, it happened in 1969. Us . Has happened since to that is why im here. That is why people like me are here. We want is a du, yeah, all those words. Its impossible. But back then, they thought it was impossible. They thought, how are we going to do it . But look, they achieved it. Human endeavor. Determination. Having determination they wanted having something, a vision that they want to Work Together to get to, and they got there. So i dont agree with people say it is impossible. It is possible. But it is hard work. Space is hard. Life is hard. You know. But thats what makes us who we are. Right . It makes us strong. Because we are the explorers. There is something intrinsic about the makeup of who we are that drives our curiosity, that enables us to discover and be curious and always pushing the boundaries. That was pushing the boundaries. But that was in 1969. Yes. I believe, and there are many like us and brent, of course, thank you for that wonderful presentation we will get back to the moon, and it will be permanent this time. We will be going to and fro. We are not going to just plant a flag. It will be golf games. We will build a village there. Suborbital, geo station, the moon, deep space and on our way to mars and then beyond. In our lifetime, i guarantee, that we will get back to the moon, and we will actually see humans step foot on mars within our lifetime, my lifetime. Who has seen Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon . So, what does this conjure up to you . Just look at that. Like i said, dont think of the end destination. It could be for the men. But lets look at low earth orbit. They will need people of different skills to enable the vision of permanent settlement in space and on the planetary surface. It doesnt matter what the planetary surfaces or geo station or whatever. The fact is we will have experienced people, and you have got to be trained. You have to be able to understand what space is about, how it affects the body, how the team works, cohesion and things like that and bring in your skills, and everybody would have multiple skills, not just one skill. I have to give credit to nasa. You can get these posters free, by the way. But also, how do you support this if you dont have the financial backing . Well here we go, right, potentially, to have jobs. That is one of the ways that would help to drive this vision. So what im doing is, yes, we need you. We need astronauts, and we do have astronauts, but it is so niche. It is like you say, it is impossible because, even today, right, after many decades, this field of being an astronaut is so competitive. There is a huge demand, but little supply. It is so impossible, like i am not going to get up there people like me want to change this paradigm, and that is why we engage in this specialty, this new specialty of analog astronautics and training new astronauts. Analog is something that has similarity or familiarity to some system or model or place that you want to replicate, that you eventually want to go to. We are analog astronauts because we are not doing anything in space. We are in an analog environment on earth, which there are environments on earth, that looks like mars or the moon. We do these fully immersive simulations in these environments as though we are living on that planet surface. That is what we are trying to do is train next generation analog astronauts, but not just being an astronaut. We want to inspire imagineers, creators, entrepreneurs. Who has heard the word astropreneur . Put your hands up. [indiscernible] dr. Jewell that is the whole sideline. [laughter] wow, for people who are enthusiastic about space and all those disciplines. Now, for the first time, the whole paradigm of you dont need to follow the linear track of get this credential and have to write a paper no, you have a concept where you are able to make that concept into a reality and make that yours, not give it away if thats what you want the future, a new industry, this will also allow to feel to fuel this vision of becoming a multiplanetary species. Every time, it is incremental progress before you can get to that vision. It is hard work, yes, and it takes people like brent and people who i have been involved with for many years to tell this story. But not just to the community that you are working in, but to expand it out, that is why education empowering people, inspiring, talking to people who are not interested in space, maybe, who are not interested in academics and say you can still engage. You can still have an experience. It is about providing experiential learning. But in this prism i am nerdy about it it is about integrating Exponential Technology. That is the future of now. That impacts the way we live, the way we think. It really has changed. Think about it. Your cell phone. 50 years ago you know what they were using . The ibm computers. You saw that movie, right, hidden figures, a whole room full of computers. Now look what you have in your hand, the capabilities, Exponential Technology. Here, this is the vision, this is a visual graphic of what the vision is. How we get there, we dont know. But we have an endpoint. That shifts anyway. But what we are tried to do with training jacks generation it doesnt matter how old you are. Be can still participate in this to be an analog astronaut. Here, in an analog world, on earth, you can be part of something unique, be part of a unique experience and have a sense of what its like to be an astronaut living on another world, right . So we are trying to build a new paradigm. Look, pioneers, we are all pioneers in some way, shape, or form. We are trying to pioneer a new world, a new paradigm of living, how we Work Together. How we live together. A new humanity. A new civilization. It is kind of like without borders, physical borders, psychological borders, religious borders. If we can imagine that, if we can all believe in that, we can make this happen. Here first, test it out here on earth first, of course. Find the capabilities that enable us to live, not just survive in space, thrive on the planet. That is what it is all about, really, isnt it . Heres an example of Different Things we do. Different cruise, and i will go a little bit further. Exponential technology is technology where each year, the power and or the speeds are doubling, which is what has happened to the ibm watson on the apollo mission, to what you have in your hands today, and the cost is dropping in half. In other words, the younger audience out there and here, its about the exponential really, its not about the linear 1, 2, 3, 4, it is doubling, exponential. So it is 1, 2, 4, 8, 16. Look how fast you can accelerate. It is applied to many Different Things. Technology, cell phones of course, and to go through a list, data processing, robotics, drone, 3d printing, these are things that not only impact us, when we lived here on earth, but eventually if we really, really want to make it up in space and build a permanent colony, these technology will enable us to do that. So here is a quick video. Im going to hopefully, it works. We going to start here. And do we have any sound . Audio . Ok, so theres no audio. So these are Mission Patches of analog astronaut crews that were part of the mars Desert Research station, which is part of the mars society. Do we have any volume . Just giving you some examples in the visual way of what we do, what we engage in. These Analog Mission crews ok, so, its not working . This is where the mars Desert Research station is up in utah desert. They have been there for over 13, 14 years. Every six months, in the year, they have few seasons, and they bring out crews. They have a turnover every two weeks. They do a lot of scientific work in Concept Development and technology. But most important, it is about studying isolation confinement, the psychological issues. And the medical. Like for here, you can see medical e. V. A. Im going to stop this because theres no audio. Ok, can you tell me how this can i get out of this . So here, you can see that was the the robot that was programmed to do yoga with us, because that is something im very much on board with, living in space and maintaining wellbeing for astronauts living in space. Right now, i think that is one of the most prime concerns. If we are going to go way beyond earths orbit, with the delay in communications, how will the crew actually manage to effectively take care of themselves if there were a medical emergency, a lifethreatening what happens then, what are the procedures, what are the protocols, countermeasures if you have mental issues and psychological issues during a mission . These are all very important things. In fact, i should say to you that one of the most limiting factors that prevents humans to live way beyond the border is a psychological issue. Why . Because in the equation, in the x factor, that is the deadly unknown. Ou can always find solutions when it comes to the engineering or the technical you can find a way, but you can never ever predict, no matter how much you are testing that individual, the crew makeup, no matter how much you try to undergo psych testing, you cannot definitively say this is your optimum crew, and under the most severe conditions, they will be able to overcome it. You just cannot. That is why psychology and studying Human Factors and behavior is one of the most, i think, compelling aspect if we really are to succeed to be able to live off world beyond earths orbit. So what is an analog astronauts Simulation Training . Basically, we go out into these environments on earth that have some similarities to mars, but, really, they are laboratories. It is a sandbox, an opportunity for us to play and do things, right. It is a natural environment, but you are out in the natural world. It is controlled and monitored as well. Here are some examples. You can see this is the utah desert where we were. You saw that video. Now they have expanded it and built the simulation. So this is a simulation and it can bemoan but it is a simulated base camp. We live in there. When we come out, we don the spacesuit. So here, they have a sister station in antarctica, where they have a few missions, but mainly they do a lot in here. Nasa is also involved in simulation astronautics. In hawaii, so the nasa high seas, the hawaii simulation exploration is entering its fourth year. They finished a oneyear simulation in this. There was a crew that was confined and isolated in this simulated analog base camp for one year, and they finished last year and came out, so it would be interesting to see the data. I just mentioned all the things we actually do and an Analog Mission. I have highlighted, for me, being from clinical medicine, i have seen that we really need to address the mental health, the psychology, looking at the individual and their crew cohesion and performance, and depending on the duration of the mission, in isolation confinement. Heres an example of some crews and their mission patch. Usually, it is six to eight, and usually there is a commander. Every Single Person comes in with more than one specialty background, and there is always going to be a macgyver. I think it is really important to have that person to have those traits to be part of the mission, especially longterm mission, deep space, and when you are living on the early pioneers pioneering the settlement. Heres an example of what the makeup of the mission is. This is the crew, the analog astronaut crew. Just like nasa, right, when they do the mission up to iss and, of course, to apollo, you got Mission Control and youve got these people working remotely either working directly with the astronauts or doing the behind the scenes, and here are some examples of what we have been doing over the years. Telesurgery, telemedical treatment. Trying to train nonmedical people how do you intervene when there is a lifethreatening emergency and you cannot have communication to Mission Control . What do you do . What are the protocols . We have to develop these measurements. So hopefully do you think im going to get any audio . Its a shame, really. These are really fun. This is an example, if it works. This was a little promo trailer. I also want to show you it is fun, too, because if you do not have fun with what you do, it is work. But, no, its fun. I what to show you video of crew 145 and the fun we had. Oh, what happened here . There we go. All right. Is it working . [indiscernible] dr. Jewell its a shame. We shall have to imagine it. Ok, no . No audio . Ok, well, anyway, you can see visually a lot of things that we do, so when you are part of the simulation crew, then you do a lot of e. V. A. , so extravehicular activities outside the base camp, and then we do a lot of stuff inside as well. Science and food we look at how to grow food. We put ourselves in a full situation. We restrict ourselves with the water. With food as well, to last us the whole mission. If it is two weeks, a whole month, we really, really plan it out. So lets go and here, im going to go quickly through the medical e. V. A. This is something i have been working over the last two, three years is how to develop countermeasures in the medical scenarios, right, that would probably happen, high possibility of happening, of humans going out into space. It is a very risky place, an extreme environment, so what do we do if you went on an e. V. A. And somebody got injured . Here we are incorporating technologies, the nano satellite would be able to give us georeferencing to where the different elements come together in trying to rescue the different astronauts. You can see you have, like the rover emrs. It does not matter, the concept you are trying to play around with. You have something that was able to geolocate the astronauts, and you have search and rescue teams on the rover, but then you have to do triaging on the injury side. But then you have to try to evacuate. Theres a lot of things. If you want to talk more about it, we can talk more about it offline or after the presentation, but it is important to be able to, you know, develop and implement, so this is a very important aspect of analog training, Simulation Training, so you can see part of what we did was here are some pictures of several crews, search and rescue and triage, and im telling you, even wearing the backpack, the helmet it literally does work. It gives you ventilation, and we do not actually feel the airconditioning, and there are other groups. Someone is building a really full high fidelity astronaut analog and spacesuit is being developed. It would be great to actually don those in simulation, in e. V. A. , but it is difficult. It really is hard to be able to do this, like pick up an instrument with gloves on. It is so hard. It is so difficult, let alone having to coordinate with crew members. And then to be able to pick up and rescue. We did a lot of these things during the simulations, and that is something i just feel it is quite important to do. Then the idea of, like, how we were looking at triage pods. Triage is when you have to evaluate and assess the injured person to see if they are medically stable and in what condition the injured astronaut is. Then you have to say, what do we do now . What is next . What is the next step . We are thinking, ok, lets start to develop triage pods when we are waiting for the rescue team. Here are different ways we were testing out to evacuate. Over there is the typical crossover arm maneuver, and just being very imaginative. That is what it does when you are in this environment. You have to when you are challenged with a problem, it is something you have not normally gotten challenged with, so you have to think of new ways. It is a shame, really, because now you can see whether they are controlling the autonomous rover, inside the hub, and they are controlling the rovers that are out there outside the hub, and they are communicating and controlling the rover to do a search and rescue. It is a shame you cannot see that. Another thing we are working on is this engineer had a rover that could carry up to 300 pounds. We said, lets try something. My point is, you have to be imaginative and creative. We built this and we tested it out with the rover and we evacuated him back. This is something we did during one of our missions. Telemedicine and telesurgeries. We did a masktomask scenario with a medical team. They guided the nonmedically trained crew on how to do intubation, not on a human, but on a highquality manikin mannequin, how to do intubation, how to do basic surgeries. This is the medical team in the concordia and station watching us. And guiding the nonmedical crew here. You can see here. That was really interesting how that worked out. The whole point is this is applicable. It is applicable when you have, even now in the iss. What happens if an astronaut gets injured right now, even on the iss . What is the procedure . What is the intervention . If it is the medical crew officer that got injured, and everyone else has their minimum medical training, what do they do . This is what we are try to do. It is very applicable. Even here on earth, even remote disasters. Integrating Virtual Reality and augmented reality and trying to optimize Mental Wellness for astronaut crews in isolation. We have real applications there. Yoga and mindful meditation is something, i think, as a specialty in terms of Integrative Medicine has Good Research to support that. Yes, this actually can be used to build the Wellness Program for astronauts in the future. I am running out of time. Im not going to go too much. But we have 3d printed surgical tools, and we used them in our protocol procedure to train the nonmedical crew teams. We developed them down here. It is an prototype mach 4. That is another thing about being an entrepreneur, we started with the idea and now this is a portable 3d printer, solar powered. That is interesting how, in these environments, you can learn to be an astropreneur. With that said, this is great. Be a moon explorer, be a nasa explorer, be a space explorer, be a human explorer. What i am doing is i want to say to people and im going to and on this, whats we are trying to do is open this experience for everyone on a basis where it does not matter what your background is. It does not matter how old you are. It does not matter where you are from and what your religion is. That is not the point. We want to give you this experience so you can come in and do like one day, see can get the training and you can come in for a longer duration. Low fidelity and high fidelity, which is what we plan to do, to go to antarctica or everest and do these missions. Of course, highly qualified, trained analog astronauts to be part of that crew. For people who are novices, the kids out there, now you can have a chance to have that experience learning and to participate in this. It is not just for the very few and for the government and astronaut corps. That is what i am here for. That is what we are here for. It is what space corps is here for. With that said, i think i need to open for jam session, right . Brent did a good, seamless introduction. My question is, because i am such an Exponential Technology geek, is how can you imagine how Exponential Technology can open the portal to make a multiplanetary species . And one day to settle on a celestial body . No, first it is questions. It doesnt matter . We ran out of time. Jam session . Jam session. Questions . Make a comment, which is sort so i want to ask about or make a comment, which is sort of a question. With a focus on humanity, as you say, and imagining a human future in space, isnt it possible that one of the exponential technologies is, i will call it the microscopic biotechnology, which is going to reshape us, such as that by the time we get to places like this, we are not what we are today . What does that mean for humanity in the future in space . Dr. Jewell great question. But let me answer it this way were you the same yesterday as you are today . Were you the same an hour ago that you are today . Right . Think about it. Yeah, evolution and what step, what technology is going to change us, but we are always changing. It sounds really corny, but that saying that the only thing that does not change is change itself. If we do not change, we are going to just stagnate and die. Right . Not just as a species. But the planet. The planet will always be there until the sun dies. There is a finite end to the planet. To answer your question, we do not know. But we are going to keep changing. If we Say Technology and think of it in a positive way, because you have the choice. We always have choices. You can think of the bad things that can happen to us and to you, and to the world, or you can think of the good. It is your choice. Which side you want to take. I speak for myself, i choose to always think positive. I always, always and that is what has driven me, and people like myself to keep going. No matter the challenges or the people who are stopping you or whatever. You want to say, i believe there is a Silver Lining in every dark cloud. And i am going to keep going and believe in the good of humanity. It does not matter. That is not the real question. The question is do we want to keep changing, or do we want to just stagnate . Hopefully that is just my own believe. But thanks. That is a great question. Thank you. Followup to the question you asked, technology is not exponential. We have large technology, it starts as linear or sublinear. But you end up doing it once and you end up on this exponential in terms of the growth. [indiscernible] it might be risk, it might be cost money money so my question is, how do we take those technologies and put them on an exponential path so they can be used and grown in the the ways they are supposed to be grown . Think of memory. [indiscernible] it is decades ahead of spacecraft. It is because there has been no investment in the radiation memory. Things like that have to be discussed before we use these exponential technologies and make space faster. I do not see that happening like that. Dr. Jewell thank you for the question. Was that a question or was that a statement . A jam . I like that. Of course you have your own perception of situations. That is your worldview. It is great. I dont know what the main answer is. I agree with brent, what he said. We have to Work Together and find solutions together. To be able to overcome the constraints or limitations. If it is financial, if it is talent, to be able to Work Together as a collaborative team. That is what the whole point is you cannot just be a little niche on your own, right. You have to work collaboratively. That is the new paradigm. We really are going to create, and we have to, from my own experience, 50 years ago, i saw Neil Armstrong step on the moon. I was only nine. I go, wow i remember a rotary phone. Look at where we have progressed. It was not just one person or one discipline. It was a lot of people with a lot of components, a lot of things that went into it to allow it to grow and evolve, right . Yeah, there is problems and challenges in every discipline. It is not just aerospace, right . You know, so but you are entitled to your thoughts and i think it is great. For me, i think we have to Work Together. We have to be a global, conscious collective without borders. Until we can break the borders, and i do not know if we can on earth, we are so entrenched in the way that we live on this planet. I think that is another aspect of why i am so passionate about it is not so much i want to run away from earth. You just want to run away from earth, why not just focus on earth . You miss the point. The point is what we are doing is it allows us to think outside of the box, challenges us. Every new paradigm we create, with technology, it can have direct benefits to life on earth and improve the quality of life on earth. So, yeah, we want to do we want to evolve to have a new civilization. That is still labeling. It is about the progressive evolution, it is humanity really. It is the next step. The most exciting thing for you young kids out there, i am saying, so exciting just like i was so excited when i saw a man land on the moon. This is a juncture in time in our own evolution, in our own humanity. We can literally, literally go out and back into space. Not tomorrow, but you know, maybe 15 years we can be back on the moon, right, brent . If we can get everything together everything you just said, financing, people together, the great political you know, factions. Even people who are planet deniers, like the climate deniers and flat earth believers. We still have to embrace them and try to say, why do you think this . It is about communication. Breaking those borders. Thank you for that question. I think we will leave it to the audience for one last comment. Dr. Jewell give me a great one. [laughter] what was that . Anyone . [indiscernible] you go first. Thank you. Dr. Jewell ok. I just wanted, i guess talking about the whole thing how these products can benefit humanity as is, i think the idea of leveraging Artificial Intelligence with regard to material science and bringing it into exponential growth or improvement in the technologies, leveraging Artificial Intelligence can be really important. Fea software for the element based Analysis Software in recent years really revolutionized the various engineering industries. There has been an enormous difference, but anybody who has used them knows that they have tons of limitations. I think that Greater Development and the more that Computing Power increases as time goes on, it will allow us to do truly incredible things with regards to bringing the cost down and Encouraging Development at a much more rapid pace. Dr. Jewell that is an important, you know oh ok, there is another. I want to make one last comment about human psychology. If you are on a spaceship traveling to mars dr. Jewell yes. Or to the moon. Or to the moon or somewhere. I would imagine it would take a lot of effort to Work Together and even being stuck in a confined space would really cause a lot of turmoil. Dr. Jewell yeah . I am just wondering your opinion, if we travel further than the moon, what would it take for people to work out their differences, because it might be consistent of people from other nations. Dr. Jewell so like i said, you know, one of the most i think, for me, the most limiting factor to really manifest us becoming multiplanetary and settle on a planet is the human factor. The human factor is the most unpredictable, the x factor. That is what i am doing and that is what these stimulations do, these simulations missions we study Human Behavior and we study crew cohesion. We study the psychological aspects of confinement in this kind of setting, right . And that is important. These are important prework to do, because out of this you can develop countermeasures. You can develop the devices or products or whatever to at least help you to manage any issues should it happen, and probably will, and probably has on the iss. With human conflict. But it is also about studying health and wellness, forget the psychological, but youre being. Your wellness and your whole existence as yourself, your inner universe, it is also about self empowerment. That is why we want to encourage people to learn about who they are, because if you do not know who you are, how do you feel you can work with others. Here on earth we have a tremendous problem, and most of us do not really know, or have the time, or do not want to, that you should take your journey inward before you take a journey outward. To really be successful to achieve the visions like People Like Us who are so passionate about this and really know that we can achieve this, because our potential as who we are as explorers will allow us this. Until we can break down this journey of selfdiscovery and self empowerment and awareness, that is going to be a huge challenge to do Long Duration mission and live on a planet permanently. Thank you. Mr. Sherwood i think on that note we can close out. Thank you again, everybody, for coming. [applause] mr. Sherwood thank you to the guest speakers for taking their time to come out here. Do not forget to take out your trash and recycling. Help everybody else out here. We are staying late to close this out and hold this event. There will be more chatter afterwards, so feel free to move closer to the door as everything gets cleaned up. Make friends, keep in contact, and see you next time. Thanks, guys. [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2017] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] president trumps weekly address, followed by the democratic address. President trump my fellow americans, i had the profound honor this week of addressing american troops at fort meyer and speaking to thousands of americans at the American Legion national convention