Transcripts For CSPAN Key Capitol Hill Hearings 20160730

[cheers] hes a good guy and running for senate in florida and he will win. And i will win in florida. [cheers] i have to win here. Now i start up here, i get here and they are like saying, but donald trump never did this before. One of the people that was running has been out of office for a while and they said, he has only been office for eight years. And they dont say that about trump. Ive never been in office. They dont give me a pass. We end up getting this and never we end up getting this and now we are down to the final straw. I get a call from a big reporter. The biggest. Happens to be a slight liberal. He said how does it feel . What you have done has never been done before. And i said, i disagree. It doesnt matter whether you win or lose, you will be in the history book for what youve done. And i said, let me stop you there, if i dont win, if i dont beat crooked Hillary Clinton, she is as crooked as a three dollar bill, if i dont be crooked Hillary Clinton, i will consider this a tremendous waste of time, energy and money. Believe me. [cheers] im not looking to be in the history books unless it is at the top. We will make our country great. We will make america safe again. [cheers] so i found this and not a lot of people know it, but i think it is terrific. Remember this has to do with syrians coming across. I have a big heart. I want to build safe zones in syria. I want to get the gulf states to pay for it because they are not doing anything right now. Without us it would not be there for two minutes and they have nothing but money. Owe 20 trillion, i will put my developer hat on. Zones thatld safe will be funded by other countries with lots of money. And we will supervise it. Think of this, this is people coming in, we dont know who they are but we do know there will be trouble. It is only a question of when. On her way to work one morning, down the path along the lake, a tenderhearted woman saw a half frozen beautiful snake. She cried, i will take you in and i will take care of you. You have to understand, this is a snake that is in bad shape and you have this nice woman and she goes, a tenderhearted woman saw a half frozen snake. His pretty colored skin had been frosted with the do. The dew. She cried, i will take you in. And i will take care of you. Take me in. Take me for heavens sake. Take me in. She wrapped him up all cozy and cozy incurvature all a curvature of silk. Then she laid him by the fireside with some honey and some milk. Now she hurried home from work that night you see arrived as soon as she arrived, she found the pretty snake she took in had been revived. Take me in a tender woman, take me and for heaven sake, take me in a tender woman side broken sighed the broken snake. Now she clutched into her bosom, you are so beautiful she cried. But if i had not brought you in by now, you certainly have died. Now she stroked his pretty skin and then she kissed and held him tight, but instead of saying thank you that snake gave her a vicious bite. Take me in a tender woman, take me for heavens sake, take me and sighed the vicious snake. I saved you cried that woman and you have it may, why . You know your bite is poisonous and now im going to die. Shut up silly woman said the reptile with a grin, you need well i was aamn snake before you took me in. That is where we are. That is where we are. You watch, you watch. We dont want to be the stupid country anymore. We want to be that smart country. Were going to make great trade deals. Billionhe numbers, 800 in trade deficits last year. With china alone, the greatest abuser of them all, i dont hold it against china. I love china. I do business with china. I have the largest bank in the world. As a tenant in one of my buildings in manhattan. It is a chinese bank. The biggest in the world. The bank of america building of San Francisco is mine with a partner. It all comes through china. We can do great with china. But we have stupid people representing us. Stupid, stupid people. Here is what is going to happen, we are going to build and bring our best. Look, we have the greatest Business People in the world. We dont use them. We use political hacks. Some of these Business People are not nice people. Who cares. Some of these people are vicious, horrible human beings. Who cares. Some of these people, they dont sleep at night, they twist and turn and sweat and their mattresses soaking wet because they are thinking all night about victory the next day against some poor person that doesnt have a chance. These people, unfortunately, i know them all, these people would love to represent us against china, against japan, against all of these countries. Mexico, where they are killing us at the border and killing us in trade. We have a massive trade deficit with mexico, not including the drugs that go back and forth by the billions. We have the greatest Business People in the world, they would do it for nothing. They love this country. They feel crazy, so angry. They cant believe the deals that are made. We can do things that have never been done before. We will stay open trade. One of the reporters asked me a couple weeks ago, mr. Trump, do you believe in free trade. I said yes. I believe in free trade, fair trade, i believe 10 other forms of trade. But the bottom line, my deal is that i just dont want labels. I want to make great deals with individual countries for our country so that we create jobs and we taken money. We take in money. I want great deals. That is what i want and that is what we will have. Free trade, interesting. Free trade is wonderful but have free trade, we need smart people. We dont use the smart people. Or we use people that are totally controlled by lobbyists and special interests like Hillary Clinton. Hillary clinton is bought and paid for by wall street. I put up almost 60 million for the primaries would sound like a primaries, which sounds like a lot of money. But believe me, others spent 200 million and lost. What would you rather do . Would you rather be on the side of the person who spent the least money and one where the most 20 and los money and the most money and lost . We had people who spend much more money than me and came in seventh place. I spent relatively little money, i put it up myself and came in first place. Not only first place, for 2 14 million people, the highest vote total in the history of the republican party. We ran the table. It was a beautiful thing. Look, we want to have free trade. Our Companies Want a deal. But you know that china sends other stuff and we cant send us that the china. We cant free trade and the currency manipulation is unacceptable and on top of everything else, in the south china sea, they are building a massive military fortress that they are not supposed be building because they have absolutely no respect for us. All of that is going to change. Here is the story, are you ready . We do not win as a country anymore. We used to win. We go and fight these wars like iraq, we should of never got in. I said you will destabilize the middle east. I was a business guy. Nobody cared. It was just common sense. You had iran and iraq always fighting. Nobody moving. They were the same power. We decimated one power and now iran will take over iraq. We made it possible for them. Heres the story, we dont win anymore. But we will start winning again. Our military is depleted. We are going to build it will be a thing of beauty. [cheers] we will get other countries and the hell out of isis, believe me. We are going to take care of our wonderful veterans that are treated terribly. Were going to start winning with trade. We will make great trade deals. We will not let carrier airconditioners and all these others companies, we will not let them go to mexico and other countries, fire all their people, make their products and then send it back to our country and sell it. We get unemployment and no taxes. When they make their product and they want to leave and fire our great people, they can go and i will wish them luck, but when they send the product back into our country, they will pay tax for that product in a substantial tax and they will never leave in the first place. They will never leave in the first place. They will never leave in the first place. We will make great trade deals. We will save our Second Amendment which is totally under siege. [cheers] we will repeal and replace obamacare, so much lessexpensive. [cheers] we are going to terminate the horrible common core and you will educate your children locally. [cheers] were going to have powerful, beautiful strong borders and people are going to come into our country and it will come into our country legally. Legally. Legally. [cheers] and we are going to start winning again. We are going to win so much that you are going to get sick and tired of winning. We are going to make the Denver Broncos look like a team that doesnt even do so well by our winning percentage. We will win with trade, we will win at the border, we will win with the Second Amendment, we will win with education, we will win with everything. We will win for our veterans. [cheers] and all of my friends in denver, and all of my friends in colorado, youre going to come and say, mr. President , we would like to meet with you in the white house. Because mr. President , your you are winning too much, it is no good, mr. President. We are not used to it in our country. Areever won and now you winning way too much. Mr. President , please dont win so much and im going to say, im sorry. Were going to keep winning. Were going to win win win. We will win so much and maybe will lot like it not like it and maybe you are not going to like it, but we will make America Great again. We are going to make America Greater than ever before. We are going to make america safer, safer, safer than ever before. Thank you very much. I love you. Go out and vote. Vote. Er 8, go out and thank you. On newsmakers this weekend, we talk about the president ial race with Virginia Governor terry mcauliffe. He shares his thoughts about teri about tim kaine as Hillary Clintons running mate. He also talks about virginias status as a swing state. To talk about pennsylvania, which is a swing state, is john baer of the philadelphia daily news. Good morning. Guest good morning, pedro. Thanks for having it. Host could you tell us about where pennsylvania stands right now . Red, blue, mixed . Your viewers may know that it can swing it has not voted for public and candidate for president since 1988. You would think we are a blue state. But polling this year has been a little bit different. Polling shows the state for a tight. It was a Suffolk University poll out yesterday that Shows Hillary clinton up nine, but i spoke with a widely respected republican pollster yesterday, he says his polling has it within a couple of points. He thinks its going to stay that way. And believes that the state is in play more than any other big state. Its going to be a tough race. I think it is evidenced by both campaigns, Hillary Clinton today and tomorrow, doing a bus to ur across pennsylvania. Donald trump is indefinite. Got a lot ofons attention. I think every review talk to says the road to the white house this year goes through pennsylvania. Just changingthey the makeup of pennsylvania so you are seeing this reflected in the polling numbers . Guest economics. Its always about the economy in a state as big and diverse and formerly important in manufacturing and mining. Theres almost been a reverse, pedro, of the political demographic of the state. In years past, the suburbs of philadelphia tentative over publican. Now, they tend to vote democratic. In years past, the suburbs of pittsburgh, allegheny county, that area in the southwest was always bluecollar, democrat, now they are voting republican. Carried mitt romney surrounding allegheny county, which is pittsburgh. This year, when people voted in our primary, we have a closed primary. Meaning that you can only vote for the party for which you are registered, this year, the county with the most switches from democrat to republican, to vote in the primary back in april was allegheny county, which is pittsburgh. There are some signs that donald trump has more support here then passed republicans in the last six elections. Host e of this by a ground game at present in the state . How does that compare Hillary Clinton . Guest is tough to gauge. Hillary clinton will have a phenomenal ground game. She won the state of the democratic president for primary back in 2008. She beat barack obama by nine points. Her husband won the state twice in president elections. She has always had a presence here. Father family roots, her was born in scranton, were donald trump was this week. Demographics,re, past history, registration edge, she should win the state. And you know how well organized or campaign will be. Donald trump is new to this. We will see. Whether or not he can put together something to compete effectively with that. Host john baer, what are you looking for from here on out, as far as campaigns are concerned . You talked about changing instances, what are you most interested in following is a columnist looking at the selection . This election . Guest whether or not robert and can take it manage of the strongest measures they have, which is they represent change, she represents a continuation of policies and practices that have been in place for eight years, in administration she was part of. If the republicans, and particularly trump, personally, can take advantage of that, the state will be very, very competitive. The second thing, pedro, is which campaign can convince pennsylvanians that they actually will provide longterm employment in a state that still is further back in recovery than most other big states. The recovery that many states are saying hasnt come to pennsylvania. The election is going to be driven by economic issues, and the campaign that has the most convincing case will win the state. Host to jump on a little, how do issues such as trade way amongst handling of voters, or mining of coal play out . Host obviously guest obviously, very strongly. Particularly in the northeastern part of the state of the southwestern part of the state, where manufacturing was very heavy. Right, thoseutely trade issues are going to be very important. Host john baer of the philadelphia daily news. How often do you put out a column . Guest normally, twice week. The last two weeks, every day. Philly. Coman see the cspan bus is in philadelphia this week. Harris gina harris. My delegate experience has been a learning experience. It has been one where i have learned the true interworkings of how my party works at it is something i am excited to share my experience with the world. I want to be thankful for the people who elected me to come here. Ohio delegation i am with the ohiotion. Education the Graduation Rates are low and the literacy rates are very low. I am 17 years old, the youngest member of the california delegation. I got involved in the delegate process because i was inspired by my grand but my grandfather, who was an with farmworkers. Those who are not voiced. I am delighted to be here at this convention. I have been working study for hillary for about eight years. It is my passion. My name is Morgan Johnson and i am from ohio and i am a delegate for bernie and this is my first convention. Im the state director of College Students for bernie and i am so excited to be here. The millennials are about the same size as the baby boomers. We are having a great time at the convention. Voices from the road on cspan. The Prime Minister of singapore is headed to the u. S. Next week where he will be the guest of honor at a white house dinner. It will be the 13th time president obama has hosted a state dinner. Here is a preview. I would like to welcome you in honor of the singapore state dinner. It is the of 2016. Youll get to hear about the meals and hear from all of our wonderful colleagues. Council. Nal security we are five but we represent many. All of us could not be here. But i want to thank you to all of my colleagues here at the white house. Et me turn it over hello, everyone. As you can see, the inspiration symbolizes, yellow our friendship. Singapore is known for its incredible orchid that are growing with much patience and care. Likewise, the United States is known for its worldclass gardens which we have showcased. , it of them together represents the harmonious connection between both countries. Good morning, everyone. I am senior director for asian affairs. State business and state dinners are an opportunity for the United States to reaffirm our friendship with americas closest partners around the world. Singapore is one of our strongest, closest, and most reliable partners. When the Prime Minister visits the white house, we will be celebrating the 50th anniversary year of one of our most important bilateral relationships in asia. It will present an opportunity for president obama to reciprocate the hospitality the Prime Minister and the singapore people showed to him in 2009. It will allow the president to demonstrate the close professional and personal relationship he has with the Prime Minister. Singapore serves as host to our military forces in the region. Proponentn a strong of the climate agreement and home to more than 3700 u. S. Companies. President and Prime Minister will discuss a range of issues, enforcement, cyber security, and leaders will highlight the importance of the transpacific partnership. It represents a crucial opportunity to revitalize the Global Economic architecture and strengthen americas influence at the center of it. It will eliminate more than 18,000 tariffs and insurer partner countries follow the same standards that we follow in the United States. Tpp will be good for the United States, the region, good for the world. The Prime Ministers visit reflects the Important Role that singapore plays in the rebalance to the asiapacific. Engagingd states is more people across southeast asia. It is absolutely central to the regions peace and prosperity. Both our nations are committed to building a regional order where all nations play by the same rules. Much. You very good morning. I and the white house executive chef. Dinner is ae state celebration of americas bounty. Incidentally, for our first course, we are serving our famous maryland crab, which is from cambridge, maryland, hybrid ofith an asian citrus, a cross between lime and kumquat. For the second course, we want to celebrate summer. We are highlighting tomatoes from farms in ohio and our marryi this with some wonderful asian glaziers, green papaya and green mango pickle. It is a wonderful, tropical, rental fruit. Beefhe main course, garnish with roasted yams from california and garnished with baby kale and lemongrass demiglace. I would like to introduce you to our executive chef. Good morning everyone. Lucy morrison. I and the executive pastry chef. I would like to present a festive gathering. In my left hand is a play to desert, a handmade creation of peach sangria cake layered with accents of coconut milk, palm sugar. Bright yellow peaches from california and Virginia Farms are marinated with a variety of american red wines. Included is orange and and a glazejuices with dried chamomile from the white house garden. Honey fromsh with the white house the house made into brittle. In my right hand is a handmade creation. Los caramelizedcommon almonds of it nougat. Pineapple, coconut, White Chocolate truffles, passionfruit , sesame cherry tart, black cherry macaroons, and finally what did i forget . Oh, the triple layer, and cake. Thank you very much. Have a nice weekend. Book tv on cspan2, 48hours Fiction Books and authors. On saturday at noon eastern, the 18th annual harlem book fair, the largest africanamerican book fair and the nations premier black literary event, held every year in harlem. Our coverage includes like state ofnd the literature, diversity in book publishing, a Panel Discussion author, and another author discussing his book, democracy and black, how race still enslaves the american soul. Saturday,. M. Eastern author of consequence, a memoir, talks about his experience as an interrogator in iraq. By director ofed National Security advocacy for human rights first. There was a great deal of nudity inside the hard side. The image of a number of men chained to their cell floors with their hands by their legs, forced standing, and enhanced technique. Says he stands at his desk all day, why cant we i tell you seeing someone and they forced standing position has nothing to do with someone standing at a desk. It was torture. Sunday night at 10 00 p. M. Eastern, fdr and churchill strained relationship is the subject of nigel hamiltons book, commander in chief. It examines the frustrations between Franklin Roosevelt and winston churchill. For theok tv. Org complete we can schedule. This sunday night on you and q a, Joshua Kendall and his book first to dads. Fathering is a way into character. We tend to think this is a bad guy or good guy, but to see that a lot of these men who had been president had different parts. They were compartmentalized, and some of them could be very laudable and do amazing things, and some could be really disappointing. Sunday night at 8 00 p. M. Eastern and pacific on cspans a. N auci says a fout wide outbreak of zika virus is not likely to occur. He also talked about the viruses impact on the summer olympics in brazil. Bipartisan policy center, this is just over an hour. Good morning everyone. Welcome to the bipartisan policy center. Thank you to our audience and thank you for everyone joining us on cspan for taking part of our discussion about the zika virus. Im director of the National Security program here. You might be asking yourself why should someone from the National Security world be introducing about sica. Zika. While it started about two years ago when we were approached by two lines of the senate and two of the long time senators out of concern of the one thing they were proudest about achieving during their political careers might not be replicable today and that was the bipartisan support for the creation of the presence emergency plan for aids relief back in 2003. Two senators were concerned that the spirit of bipartisanship that made that possible and there was much less interest among the public and politicians in the plight and suffering of people around the world and that when Global Engagement is discussed today there always seems to be only a binary option. So they challenged us to make a case for similar programs for todays environment. The result, working with the two senators was a study we released , last year introducing a concept we call Strategic Health diplomacy. Looking at the impact we found that beyond improving Peoples Health dramatically it also had , key second order effects on public opinion, social and Economic Development and state stability, all of which in turn contribute to National Security. Fundamental idea of Strategic Health diplomacy is that healthier population create more stable societies which in turn create a more peaceful world. That by doing good, the United States does well that the global , health and National Security communities can accomplish munch much by working together. So last november, we released our findings and report on the case for Strategic Health diplomacy. We are honored to have him here today to talk about the u. S. Response to zika which , could be another case for Strategic Health diplomacy. Uci is theas government preeminent scientist for the last three years in a national treasure. He has served as the director for the National Institute of allergy and Infectious Disease since 1984. There he oversees an Extensive Research portfolio to prevent, diagnose and treat Infectious Diseases such as aids, as well as emerging diseases such as ebola and zika. He has advised five president s on hivaids and other domestic and Global Health issues and was also one of the principal architects. He will deliver a timely and informative presentation today about the state of the zika pandemic and how the United States is responding. Following the presentation, we will have a moderated discussion between the doctors. Previously spent a decade at the one department of health and Human Services including the , Deputy Assistant of health and a special assistant to the science advisor on Public Health and emergency preparedness. We will then open it up to the audience for questions. So with that, let me encourage everyone to go to bipartisanpolicy. Org to check out the report and invite dr. Fauci up for his presentation. [applause] thank you very much. Its great pleasure to be here with you this morning to talk about what i dont think i need to convince you is really a very timely topic of something i have described as a pandemic in process, and that is not made up phraseology, because if you look at what happened over the last several months to last month and yesterday this is indeed a , pandemic in process. I became very interested in this very early on when we started to see the fact that we were seeing zika infections in the americas, namely in south america predominantly. I wrote a paper early on in the beginning of this process for the new england journal of medicine and as you can see from , the title, ive called it yet another threat. The point i wanted to make and put it into the general context because were all focusing on one zika ise right now, that over the last several years, we have seen in the americas things that we have not seen before, namely viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes , and in this case, the mosquito in question is a mosquito that is very much endemic to the area that we are. If you look at whats happened over the year, all these viruses weve seen west nile, and others , and now we see zika. , this is a process of emerging and reemerging Infectious Diseases which happens all the , time. Sometimes it is a blip on some his radar screen but sometimes , its a very important Public Health problem that not only attracts the attention of but impacts us globally. So with that as a background, i want to talk a little bit about each of the four bullets shown on this slide to give you an idea of where we are and where we might be going on this. Well start off with a discussion of the background of zika. By this time, given the attention by the press, theres probably a lot known about zika, but for those of you who have not followed this very carefully, let me make a few points that i think will help with this into perspective. As i mentioned, it is a virus. Its a single single strand rna virus. The important thing is the second bullet. It is of the family and genus. The reason i say that is because its very similar to viruses that we have a lot of experience with that. The reason i bring it up to you is that it isnt this strange virus like hiv that came out of and we never had experience with it. Weve had experience with yellow fever and we have a good vaccine against it west nile, japanese. Encephalitis. The bad news is its here. The good news is weve done things with viruses like that including making vaccines. Its transmitted by a mosquito, a particular type of mosquito. Theres a couple types that will get into in the beginning. What about the history . One of the things that reporters have asked from the beginning, when did this all start . You say, well it was first , isolated in 1947. Then the next question is why were you not particular prepared for that because in 1947 this , was an inconsequential infection. It was discovered in the zika forest of uganda, hence the word zika virus. It was first infecting a nonhuman primate, a monkey and , it was not until 1952 when the first human cases were reported in nigeria. It went under the radar screen with an occasional case seen in africa and southeast asia. No major outbreaks that were recorded. Were there many outbreaks that we missed in Subsaharan Africa and asia . Possibly but no recorded big , outbreaks until the outbreak on the islands in the state of micronesia in 2007 and then in French Polynesia in 2013. This next slide is a very revealing map about the concept of emerging Infectious Diseases. If you take a look at what this is, this is an epidemiologists dream but i dont want to say , that because that means its a disease that makes you feel good. Its a big red flag, the things you teach in textbooks of Public Health. You can see how it worked its way, and look at the dates on the slide, across the pacific , went from the islands to French Polynesia to Easter Island until it finally landed in a place that had the right ingredients for a major breakout. A big country, crowded in certain sections, plenty of mosquitoes, tropical or semi tropical. Importantly they never had any immunologically with zika before. It was a completely unprotected population. The perfect ingredients the , perfect storm for an outbreak. Now before we go any further, what about zika as a disease . This is the thing that tends to confuse people because if you just look at it in a vacuum, to for someone who is a healthy 25 for 30yearold man, what happens when you get bit by a mosquito . It generally is a mild, and for many years seemingly , inconsequential disease. 80 of people get no symptoms. The 20 that do get relatively mild symptoms. Fever, joint and muscle ache, a rash thats in a high percentage, redeye and it seven togoes away in 10 days and you are done. Thats it. Thats the reason why there wasnt any attention paid to that. We will get back to something you are all aware of as to why we are suddenly paying attention to this. Lets take a look at the mode of transmission shown here on this slide. The overwhelmingly major modality of transmission is by a mosquito bite. Similar to other mosquito borne diseases. So i am infected, a mosquito bites me, flies around for a couple of days, and then bites you. If i am infected, there is a chance, not 100 chance but a chance but a chance that you will get infected. Mosquitoes are terrible beasts because i show you this is as somewhat tongueincheek, but not really. It is probably the worlds dailies animal. Because if you look at the number of deaths per year resulting from an animal, 725,000 deaths per year due to a mosquito. If you go all the way to the righthand side of the slide there are ten deaths a year from , sharks which means for every kills,n a shark mosquitoes kill 72500 people. Theyre really rather nasty animals in our environment. The two major types of mosquitoes that are capable of transmitting are and , but for the purpose of this lecture but also when you read about things and report about things these mosquitoes are the major vector. Even in the environment where there are these varieties, this is the major villain. Not the exclusive villain, but the major villain. How do we address this . We address it with Mosquito Control. I am going to get back to this in a bit, because that is the thing that we have right now in our hands that we can do something about. We are working on a vaccine. I will get to that in a moment but things like larva sides and , insecticide remove standing water, the mosquito is a very resilient mosquito. Standing water. It doesnt have to be in a big pool. Even, a pan, a tire, larvae have been in water. This is really something that is very difficult to clear up the environment. Screens and air conditioning, they bite day, night, indoor, outdoor. Thats why you have to keep them out of the house and make sure screens are in good repair. Thats what we are trying to do with the cdcs help impter rico and other places. Proper clothing and insect repellent. Particularly deet up to 30 . We we need to get over thinking that insect repellent is toxic to us. Its not. Deet is not even toxic to a pregnant woman which we will get , to in a moment. What about transmission . Obviously its transmitted from a mother in utero into the baby. We know that for the terribly tragic situation we have seen now which started off in brazil but its in other countries of but its in other countries of, babies who now have severe congenital abnormalities, particularly in the now very recognizable because of multiple pictures we see in the media of a baby with microcephaly. We will get back to that in a bit. Sexual transmission. This is an evolving thing. I said an epidemic in process. In progress. This is what we mean. When you see enough of cases if , you have ten cases and something occurs once every 5000 times, youre going to miss it. But when you have tens and hundreds of thousands of cases, you start to see things that are may be moret common than you think. Right now its no doubt that it is transmitted sexually, predominantly from a man to a woman. We thought it was only a man to a woman because you were able, over many days following recovery of infection that zika virus was found and isolated from the semen. Now remember under most circumstances you get bit seven , or ten days later and you clear the virus and you are good. Except in men it can stay in their system for a long time. The longest documented as 80 days. Thats what we will get to in a moment the idea of guidelines , for sexual transmission. We will get back to that in a minute. Then we found well, it isnt only from a man to a woman but , in rare occasions there is a transmission from a woman to a man. That has been well documented now in new york city. We dont see a lot of that but thats the reason why you have to Pay Attention and carefully follow to make sure you pick up the rarities, the outliers, the oddities. Blood transfusion, this has become relevant as of last night because some of you may have read what has gone on in florido that in a moment. It may be in the questions. Clearly, if someone has active and they donate blood it can , be transmitted by blood supply. We know that because there was a blood screening which is going on a lot now, but blood screening back then, 3 of blood donors in the French Polynesian outbreak were asymptomatic at the time they gave blood. So it may be that there were many more in the population that were able to show they were demonstrating zika. Then there are others. So, what others . Outliers, but we are pay Pay Attention to them. Youve heard about a lab worker in pittsburgh accidentally was infected with it. That happens all the time. That is one of the things that happened to me in the past when i was in the laboratory. You get stuck with things that get you into difficulty. The son of a utah man, there was one case of an elderly man in utah who was very ill and had the highest level of virus that weve ever seen. 100,000 times higher than anything else weve ever seen. Why that happened with this man, we dont know. It happened that his son, a perfectly healthy young man took care of his father, the , father died, but he had intensive exposure to body fluid. The son got infected. We dont see that a lot. We dont want people to be fixating on transmission from one person to another because we have hundreds of thousands of situations where people came into direct contact with people with zika and there was no transmissibility at all. We dont want to make one case as the defining aspect of transmissibility, but we do want to Pay Attention to it. Lets move on quickly. What about the current outbreak in the caribbean and latin america minus puerto rico . We will get back to puerto rico in a minute. Right now there are over 50 countries and territories with active zika virus transmission. 42 of them are in the americas. Part of the country, often you see and look at what is going on in africa and asia, this is in our backyard. Now if you look here, people who are living in areas that are environmentally suitable for zika transmission. What do i mean by environmentally suitable . I mean they have mosquitoes that are in robust enough populations that they could be transmitting. There are 300 million People Living in that area. About 5. 4 million of them would be pregnant in that there are about 5. 4 million births a year that occur in this area. Now lets get to the gene change of zika. Why it went in the perception historically of an insignificant, inconsequential disease to something that is causing a justifiable considerable amount of concern. That is the marked increase that was seen in microcephaly in brazil and now in other countries in south america as well. As in people who now travel and come back. It was a remarkable increase as shown by the bar. Look, you saw practically nothing in the Previous Year background, and then all of a sudden this. This is a picture of a scan of a normal baby next to a baby with microcephaly. Microcephaly, in its classic form is an interference with the , development of the brain. The brain develops in the fetus over the first 18 or 20 weeks it starts to develop, and win the brain starts to develop, it pushes up the skull and gives the skull a nice smooth correct size contour. If you interfere with it, the brain does not push the skull up and you have a small head hence , you see the pictures of the babies in the newspapers and on tv with microcephaly. The virus can also directly attack brain tissue and , sometimes the brain starts to develop normally and then you get destruction of the brain and it collapses. That is some of the pictures you see of the folds of skin on the babys head that we see sometimes on front pages of various newspapers. What is the incidence of this . We still dont know. We are doing a major study that is going to take a couple of years, funded out of nih. We will look at pregnant women but a study that was done by the cdc show that of women who are infected in the first trimester, there is a 1 to 13 chance that the baby will have microcephaly. But remember microcephaly is the , tip of the iceberg. Thats a macroscopically, grossly visible abnormality. Are otheralso have things that may not present as microcephaly. Hearing loss, visual abnormalities, including joint involvement, i have hundreds of pictures of these. I just wanted to show you one isnt the classic if you look s hands curled up like that, that is joint involvement. That is a developmental abnormality. Thats the baby. Now if youre not pregnant and you dont get infected, is there any other danger to you . The answer is yes, but it is really, really rare. For example, a postinfection neurological syndrome characterized by paralysis which is usually reversible, we have seen it after influenza and after some vaccinations. Weve seen it after bacterial infections. We know from studies that are ongoing now that there is an association in people who have people who have been infected with zika. The latest calculation was 24 per 100,000. It is a rare event, but it is not zero, so i cant as a Public Health Officials Say that if you no. The chances are overwhelming that if youre not pregnant you could have a very mild disease but there are risks for other complications. Lets take a look at zika in the United States. The United States, im including as a territory first puerto rico because puerto rico today, as i speak is having a serious problem. There is a major outbreak evolving in puerto. The last reports from the cdc where that there is 1 of the population per week that are getting infected. The reason why we are concerned about puerto rico, because the mosquito that transmits zika is the same as the mosquito that transmitted chicken gunya. If you turn the clock back and you look historically back in 2014 when that disease hit with a storm in puerto rico, take a look at the map going from may 5 through june 4 through july 4 through august 12. The red coloring are the regions in puerto rico that have cases. At the end of the outbreak, 25 of the population of puerto rico got infected. That shows us that unless there is very, very aggressive mosquito abatement, and even if there is good mosquito abatement, a lot of people in puerto rico are going to get infected with the cup. With zika. Now, lets lets take a look at the continental United States. The potential for imported cases i didnt realize the numbers were as dramatic as these numbers are. In any given year, over 200 million passengers take journeys from the United States to and from regions that have zika transmission. 34 million by air, 173 by land, just people going over the border and 9 million by sea. Thats one ingredient for a possible situation. The other is that we have, and these are the maps shaded in blue and gray concentrating on the one on the left, because thats the more relevant one. The minute quito is seen very clearly along the southern part, particularly particularly the gulf state which is why we know historically when there was local transmission of the diseases, hardly anybody paid attention to it but it happened in florida and it happened in texas. Very aggressive Mosquito Control prevented the local transmission of those two infections from becoming disseminated. I bet nobody remembers reading major stories about genki in florida or in texas, but it happened. How do you get local transmission . When you get local transmission, if you first understand what travel related means. Travel related means somebody either is here in the United States, goes to a region of Central America or puerto rico, gets infected, there on business, they come back home and when they get home, they get sick. They get sick in the United States continental but they really got infected someplace else. Or, they got infected someplace else and they moved to the United States. Thats a travel related case. A local transmitted case is if i am sitting here in washington, d. C. , never having left continental United States and theres a travel related case that comes, bites that person and then bites me and i get infected, im a local transmission. Its not travel related. Lets take a look at the numbers. The latest is that almost 1700 travelrelated cases in the United States. Several hundred of them are in florida. Thats travel related. In the United States territories, specifically Puerto Puerto rico there are over 4500 cases, most of them not travel. Most of them actually occurred in puerto rico. If you look at the number of women who are pregnant, who have been infected during pregnancy, almost exclusively from travel related, there are 443 pregnancies among women who have been infected with zika. Whats going to happen to them is going to be followed very closely. Now, what has happened . Some of of you have heard me in the press saying when the accumulation of travel related cases are current, i was saying sooner or later its almost inevitable that we are going to see local transmission of zika because we have the mosquito, its summer and we have a lot of travel related cases. Sure enough, miami has reported first a travel related case. Soon thereafter, within a day or week or so, as of yesterday and in this mornings press discussion, the department of health in florida and confirmed by the governor has said they are now investigating for nontravel related cases, mainly cases that are locally transmitted. I can tell you right here today, im almost certain that we are going to see more. The critical issue is how do you respond to that . If you go back in history and look at how we responded to other diseases, very aggressive mosquito abatement will prevent it, we hope and i think we will from becoming sustained and from becoming disseminated. We just want to make sure it doesnt spread. Since it spreads by mosquitoes, we certainly want to make sure that the situation that we pursue in controlling mosquitoes let me close up and obviously we will have a lot of questions coming up. Ill tell you a little bit about the role of research and development and the kind of things that we have done here to want to tip my hat to the cdc because im not talking about what they do. The part partnership is between multiple agencies, the cdc is doing an extraordinary job in trying to help state and local authorities as well as internationally in Mosquito Control and Public Health measures. They need the support that we hope to get very soon, the same same way the nih needs the support to do what we do which is fundamentally research, mainly understand the virus, understand how it works, why does it cause the effects . Importantly, developing what we call countermeasures, vaccines, therapeutics, diagnostics, etc. I want to talk briefly and that i will stop about two major initiatives that are going on. One we initiated with the Child Health Institute in collaboration with our resilient colleagues, a study called vic which stands for zika in infancy and pregnancy. What it is is that we are going to follow a cohort of 10,000 pregnant women. We will follow them to see the incidence of zika and then follow the babies at birth, three months, six months, a year. We need to do that because a baby could be born looking normal but have settled defects if they get infected. Visual abnormalities, intellectual compromise, things like that. And then finally, we are very actively involved in a number of programs and projects to develop vaccines. Vaccines take a while to develop. We have put this on a really big fasttrack so we have a number of vaccines. Werst one at the top will be going into phase one trials in humans within the next couple of weeks. Sometime in early august. So stay tuned for that. We will do that right here in the washington bethesda area. We will do it in about 80 individuals who are normal people from 1835 thats what you do with vaccines. You want to make sure its safe. Once you know it is safe, then you move on to a phase two, three study determine if the if it works. The reason i show this to you, realize we are on very much of a fasttrack for vaccines. I will and with this last slide which is kind of a bookend to one of the first slides when i said yet again, another challenge. Because we are dealing with an emerging infection, one of many emerging infections weve had to deal with over the years. I wrote a commentary a few years ago with my colleagues at nih, and i entitled it a perpetual challenge. The reason i did is because this is not ever going to go away. We will be continually challenge with emerging and reemerging infectious. Its up to us as a society to build what we need to build to be prepared for this so we can respond in an expeditious manner. So i will stop there and happy to answer any questions. Thank you. [applause] do you Want Congress to come back immediately and you think enough is being done to test the blood . Dr. Fauci i cant comment on telling congress what they should do with regard to their session. But what i can do is reiterate what i said many, many times in briefings of the congress, both members and staff, over a period of a couple of months now, saying we really do need the money. Because in the activity that we initiated early on months ago, this vaccine were going to put into Clinical Trial in the next couple of weeks did not all of a sudden start yesterday. Its something weve been working on for months. The cdc has been working on but for things. What we both did is we took money from other accounts that we would normally be spent on other important things, and we put into our seek activity so we would not slow down with the cdc is doing. Were getting to the point very, very soon. We will run out of money we borrowed from ourselves so we really need the money right away. How they get that, what congress does i cant speak to that. Thats not within my purview. But i can emphasize what ive been saying, that we really do need the money. [inaudible] what the fda has done is quite prudent. I dont know whether you followed it. The local transmitted cases in florida. What the fda said is that ultimately hopefully soon we want to test the blood the way we test it for other things to keep the blood supply safe. Its going to take a little while to implement the testing. So when order to be really safe and did not take any chances come into two areas where there is local transmission in broward and miamidade, they are closing down and not accepting blood donations so that you cant contaminate. But as soon as they get the implementation of the testing or the mechanism whereby you can decontaminate the blood, then they will go ahead and start collecting blood again. What they did was the prudent thing. I think you will be quite a to audience questions. I want to lead in with a couple of questions that i think will be common. I want to open it up to the terrific audience we have here. The first question focuses on miami. Is the media, i think this breaking news this morning. Somereports confirming and reports saying it is unlikely the first cases of locally acquired zika virus transmitted by mosquitoes are now there. We cap predicted this but can you explain to the audience a little more about the implications are here and is this a new phase in our response . Dr. Fauci when you say new phase, what is happening right now is the kind of implementation that went on with the dainty chikungunya. Imaging correctly, this is not unexpected or i mentioned it in the doctor let me underscore do. Its not unexpected that when you get a certain number of travel related cases, particularly when you look at the state of florida where there are a few hundred of these, that the chances of the mosquito biting one of those inviting someone who never traveled gets greater and greater as you get more travel related cases. So as we started to see the travel related case number going up, i had to revise my slide twice a day, literally as it was going up, it became clear that the ingredients were there, aedes aegypti mosquito, summertime come areas we dont have necessarily the opportunity to spent a lot of time in an edition place like this, its going to happen. When it does happen and even before the cdc was doing it before, thats when you have very aggressive mosquito abatement. That has succeeded in the past. Given the conditions of our country as a broad nation, it is unlikely that for a number of reasons that we are going to the same sort of disseminated outbreak that they have in brazil or in puerto rico. But as Public Health officials and of Public Health people and of Public Health conscious population, we must assume that it could happen and thats the reason why you did get very aggressive in trying to present prevent it. If you were to ask me if i think its going to happen, no, i dont think so but that doesnt mean we need to relax and be cavalier. We need to be very aggressive about the things that you do to prevent this get a transmission. You get rid of the mosquitoes, you get rid of the reading place and shut the population particularly pregnant women come if youre living in that area to protect themselves against mosquitoes. Theres multiple ways to do that. It seems like obvious but they are there. One, stay indoors if you can. Fixed screens that are broken because mosquitoes cant get in. Make sure that when you go out to the extent its possible with comfort, where close that cover most of your body. And in the part that isnt, wear insect repellent, particularly deed. If we do that we could have a major impact on not allowing this to spread the way it is. One followup question on vector control, Mosquito Control. One item i didnt see on your slide, new technology genetically modified mosquitoes. Are these technologies ready for prime time or are they still in investigational. Dr. Fauci thats a good question. You say are they ready for prime time. There are some who definitely think they are in some who think no, we have to learn a lot. Whenever you release something indian tribe you dont find that there are unintended consequences. Theres a lot of work going on and some companies themselves that are actually doing it as well as research that we are supporting to look at ways in which you can directly impact the mosquito to help us to stop the transmission, genetically modifying them, getting them infected with the bacteria which not only is bad for the mosquito but it doesnt allow the virus to get to the point inside the mosquito where it can be transmitted. So theres a lot of that going on. I think there is some promise for mosquito manipulation without necessarily killing the bug by genetically modifying them but theres a lot of concern about a target of vicious. I want to move to the political battle over zika funding. I think back to last 10 years, a 21 in 2009, ebola in 2014. In all of these cases there were deliberations, discussions, debates between administrations and congress what to do and the funding needed. This has been different to what has been your impression to date of the administration and congressional deliberations . Are you optimistic that there will be a Funding Agreement when Congress Comes back in september . Dr. Fauci there are multiple questions. I will take them one at a time to lets look historically at what happened. Acting february the president called us, myself, tom friedman and others to the widest together with a variety of other officials and wanted to know what do you guys and ladies need to address this epidemic . We put together a proposal which came out to 1. 9 billion. It was multiagency. It was cdc and fda, state and usaid, et cetera. 1. 9 billion. That kicked around back and forth in congress. The center came in with 1. 1. The house came in with 622 million. They came together again and they made a proposal of 1. 1 but they started adding things onto it which was very frustrating to us who are nonpolitical people, like myself and the cdc, saying lets get over this, weve got to get this money. Lets just get the money appropriated. For one reason or another which you know as well as i it didnt get appropriated. It didnt get appropriated by before the fourth of july. They came back for a couple of days then it went to the convention and now theyre out for the summer. Its very frustrating because as i said we are going to run out of money presumed. Im jumping around topics by want to cover a couple of areas of should we will come back. Given the olympics will start in about a few days, one week from today, can you please summarize your views to the audience on how the olympics may or may not impact the trajectory of the pandemic . Back in may the with some scientific discussion in the community. I think theres probably more consensus now that this is probably something that we dont need to worry about as much as previously thought. If you could just touch on that and also for all the fewest travelers the next few days going to rio, what advice do you have . Dr. Fauci multiple questions but all good questions. The first thing i want to make sure doesnt get any confusion, the areas in south america including brazil, brazil had a massive outbreak in january, february in their summer which is our winter. We are now in their winter which is our summer. So the mosquito issue has dramatically decreased in brazil. Historically, during the month of august with him it had a lot of credit for historically genuine inside were it only seems to go down in august. The same with other diseases. Right now the infections with zika are at a very low level in brazil. Thats point number one. Nonetheless, if you are a pregnant woman, might be pregnant, think you could be pregnant, do not travel to brazil because brazil is still a place where theres active transmission. Do not travel to places that theres active transmission. So i needed to get off because im going to tell you can that the risk to someone who is not pregnant is really low. As i said its a relatively mild disease with the few outlier exceptions that i mentioned. You cant go down and say theres absolutely no risk. Nothing in life is riskfree but the risk is very low if youre an otherwise healthy person and youre not pregnant to go to brazil. Thats the traveled there. The also asked will have an impact on the infections in the rest of the world. Theres a lot of discussion, if all of these people come to brazil and they all get infected and they go out to Different Countries where they come from, will we be helping to disseminate this throughout the world . The answer is very unlikely. If you look at the number of people that come back and forth to south america anyway, notwithstanding the olympics, if you compare that to the additional people who come to the olympics. The delusional factors such about it is not a very much bigger percentage of people that travel. Thats something people dont realize. They think you have this may be this desolate place that dont those two ended when the olympics come give millions of people come and they spread, i mean, the traveled back and forth to south america is or dengue. I want to get one more question in and it will open it up and then again we can come back to all these subjects. You have advised the last five years president. With respect to zika if you were to advise the two current president ial candidates on how they could exhibit leadership on the zika, and we dont have to limit it to the president ial candidates, political leaders today on how they could exhibit leadership on zika, what advice would you give our political leaders . Dr. Fauci its something weve been talking about for some time right now. It would be first of all the obvious that we have a Public Health challenge like we do, do whatever you can to get the resources that we need. In this case with the zika. But the other thing i would say is that we need a different way of responding to public and Global Health emergencies. So just the last couple of years from 201416, with ebola in the zika, has shown is we cant be chasing the problem. We have to be prepared for the problem. My strong suggestion, i hate to use advice, but suggestion would be that we have a global Public Health reserve fund just like you have a Disaster Fund for an earthquake or for a hurricane. Where if you need to move quickly, you dont have to go through something which in most circumstances is a very good process. The appropriations process. You present the budget, you discuss it, a coast to the house, a ghost to the senate, it goes through congress and goes to the president that it goes to the senate. Sometimes you take them in and do what you need to do with the. I think we need to do that in the Public Health arena and stop trying to chase something after it happens. That would be my suggestion. Collects i think from the silver lining, i think there is some promising progress and that bipartisan agreement that we do need some sort of theme back like public Emergency Fund like the, so knock on wood. Maybe they will heed dr. Faucis advice but lets open it up to questions. We can cover some of these issues more in depth or other questions that those in the audience have for dr. Fauci. We have roaming microphones so please state your name and affiliation if you would like an d ask your question. My name is alan ross and one affiliation is usa track and field. I was on the board for 10 years and still try to stay active. I look at the issue in brazil, and you have the Brazilian Health ministry saying what you just said. Used the term always lower in august. Well, i researched it and thats not the case. And 2012, there was more dengue in rio then there was in february, march and april combined. Just happened to be a little different that you. So what is the risk . Risk probably is a low but it could be fairly high it gets into the 90s in their winter. The average high is 78 degrees and it often doesnt go below the 60s. You have an environment where mosquitoes can do pretty well. There is a risk, and its been misstated now, even the World Health Organization has an advisory to assess its very low in august. The other thing is that nobody talked about anything else you can do to protect yourself other than whats in the literature and there are some things you could do. The government does not get behind it and people may have heard me say this before. Its vitamin d. You will find it works on viruses. Its not going to be 100 but its going to be significant, worth taking. The same with vitamin c. That also can kill viruses. So its not something that is easy to communicate because we dont have fda trials that have been approved for this. But they are there and it should be encouraged. If theyre going to do some good, it is public or the. If you look at the downside there isnt any. He might say there is and where these studies to show for it. There isnt, there arent. Theres no Science Behind people who say you take too much, you will be in trouble. I can go into great detail on that. I sent out an advisory to the u. S. Olympic committee, to the athletes, and others through my network. I have an advisory. Is somewhat like a copy of the kidney your card. Can i have your comments . I dont know, dr. Fauci, on the olympics. Dr. Fauci first of all when you look at outbreaks, i never say theres no risk ever. So anybody who says i said that has never listened to me. The risk is diminished compared to what was in the winter. There were thousands of cases per day reported in january and february. The are a few hundred at a reported mail, okay . Silverbacks on that theres less zika now in brazil than it was in january, period, fact. Thats the first thing. The second thing is that sure, we have an outbreak that peaks of it has a pattern that then goes down and then goes up. Thats the outbreaks are. We had a massive explosion in brazil and what we are seeing now going down is the natural evolution. When you have a disproportionate amount in an unpredicted season, its because in in the season where you shall have bound it never really peaked and you had a late peak, the same way we see every once in a while a strange distortion when you have a new influenza outbreak like we saw in 2009. So just to reiterate, the risk is much less now in brazil than it was in january but its not zero and thats the reason why, ill say it again, if you are a pregnant woman, you should not travel to an area in which theres an outbreak, and that includes brazil. There was an excellent modeling study in the internal medicine saying exactly what dr. Fauci just mentioned. Yes, please. I want to go back to the basics on the blood supply. If youre a normal healthy male and you get, then youre better for a while. Is that persons blood likely to be safe or because it can remain in the sperm for 80 days, what do we think . Would the test show once they had it you wouldve been disqualified . Dr. Fauci i dont want to make a definitive test on that but if, in fact, you were infected you would not be giving blood anyway. So whether its gone from your blood and in the semen, you would not be if you were infected. So, they will be testing for the virus very soon. Theyre testing for in puerto rico. [inaudible] dr. Fauci right. [inaudible] does it stay in your blood for a long time . Dr. Fauci if youre asymptomatic i understand the question now. 80 of the people are without symptoms. 20 of the people have symptoms. It is very reasonable to assume that if youre asymptomatic, the virus is not going to stay in your body any longer that if you were symptomatic of you very rarely examined an asymptomatic person because they dont have any symptoms of are not going to come in. But we do know that in the regular run of the mill symptomatic person, the virus stays in the blood for seven to 10 days and stays in the urine for an extra week. Thats one of the reasons why we are leaning more towards when we screen people, screening the urine for the because it gives you a longer window to see who was infected. Thank you. Yes. Thank you, dr. Fauci. Im with congressional quarterly. Has the lack of congressional action so far hindered the administrations response . Do you think the new locally transmitted cases in florida to put additional pressure on congress to act when they come back in september . Dr. Fauci you know, i cant speak for every agency so i will only speak for the National Institutes of health, of which i am responsible. I have moved a fair amount of money from other accounts to do what i think is a very proactive fullcourt press on the research. Therefore, nothing has substantially slowed yet. I am preciously close to the point where i dont have any money at things are going to start slowing. Let me explain what i mean. We are going to start a phase one trial in august. It will be finished by the end of 2016. In order to smoothly go into a phase two trial in the beginning of 2017, which will be done in the countries, plural, that have active transmission, i need to prepare the site, i need to prepare the clinics, prepare the laboratory, train the people, get everything ready to do the trial. I have to start that now at the end, the beginning or end of august if i dont get money so im going to delay the preparation which means what could happen is that we finished the phase one at instead of smoothly transitioning into the phase two we will have to delay the vaccine. So we have not delete anything up till now but if we dont get money so its going to have a Ripple Effect down the pike. Next question. Yes, and then in the back. Im with pandemic and emerging threats. My question, could you speak ,bout the use of aerospray particularly in puerto rico, your views on that. Also some upcoming strategy. I know dr. Freedman mentioned you could tell a while ago and maybe something we could look at any future . Dr. Fauci obviously, the use of aerial sprays has been done right here in this country and it was one of the mechanisms that was used in mosquito abatement when we had the dengue and the chikungunya outbreak. The sprays that are used, the material that are used, are approved by the Environmental Protection agency. The situation in puerto ricos been somewhat problematic, as you well know otherwise you would not have asked the question, that it is a reluctance on the part of the puerto rican authorities to spray, aerial spray. I cant get into that discussion because im not there with them talking about it, except to say that the aerial spraying that has been done has been done safely with some effect. Question all the way in the back. Theres a microphone coming. I am the ceo of Americas Blood Centers and our members provide half of the blood supply in the u. S. One of our members, one blood is a provider of blood in south florida. I wanted to let you know weve been in touch with him and he did begin testing today. They received a statement from the fda yesterday so the immediately implemented the testing yesterday which is under investigational testing approval. And so i wanted to make it clear, business as usual. Theyre testing and collecting the blood in south florida. I also wanted to mention to the previous speaker as far as asymptomatic donors and that concern, that the fda also some months ago provided guidance, and we modified the question that we are deferring donors which means they cant donate if they traveled to the area within a certain period of time or if they have symptoms or if they have had sex with someone whos gone to those areas in a bit of time. The fda has reacted very quickly with guidance to the Blood Community spirit and getting. Dr. Fauci getting the tests out quickly. Just for a second i want to get back to your question because shes no major question very clear. Im in a symptomatic person that i was infected and i go to donate blood. If the blood come to the virus has been i dont know if im infected and the person thats going to stick the needle in me doesnt know im infected. If i go there, asymptomatic am if i do a virus in my blood, the test will say you cant give blood. If i dont have virus in my blood, theres no problem. So the problem is solved. Once you get testing you solve not only the problem of symptomatic ones. You solve the problem of asymptomatic ones. [inaudible] dr. Fauci it doesnt make any difference. A test is do you have virus and you know . If you dont the blood is safe. Would you mind commenting on the role of contraception in preventing microcephaly in endemic areas . Dr. Fauci thats an interesting question. Yeah, if you have contraceptives you dont get pregnant and if you dont get pregnant then you dont have a microcephalic baby. Is your question really, should people delay pregnancy . There are considerations for that and there are areas in which even the Health Officials recommend people delay pregnancy during the major part of an outbreak. Its a difficult question but its a good question because that is what state and local Health Authorities do. Toim curious when it comes mosquito abatement, what good state and local governments do specifically that would help things out to keep things up . Dr. Fauci it is a simple question but a very good question because that is what state and local Health Authorities do. The cdc doesnt come in, it helps them with it and gives them funds so they can do it because many of these states and local Health Authorities dont have the resources to be able to do the mosquito abatement that is necessary to do the kind of control. It is very much on the local and state Health Authorities to do it. The reason we have disparities in it getting done is that there isnt uniform distribution of resources which is the reason why the gentleman asked me about what impact it might have if you dont have money to help the state and local Health Authorities with mosquito abatement. That could have a deleterious effect on the entire effort. Removing standing water and breeding grounds are absolutely critical for Public Health and public perception. Last question. Mike webb, i just just have a question thats twofold. 1 should we be doing more overall . What have we learned in terms of other pathogens in being able to better predict . Dr. Fauci thats a good question. Thats what we have been trying to do on a broader scale. A couple years ago we got into a situation where you have a Global Health Security Network. The word security is because it involves all the countries and this is something that we have been working on and involved multiple agencies, the cdc, who, to have the capability of the local level of seeing something that devolves at the time it evolves opposed to when it becomes an outbreak. The only way you do that is if you have the distribution of resources among countries, even poor countries that have the capability, that have the Health Systems in place that can recognize the kind of things because you are not, we, the global community, is not going to be able to prevent all emerging infections. Thats just part of the connection between the microbial world and ourselves. It has always happened and it will happen. What we can do is respond in a more timely way. Your question is very relevant. What can we do to respond and that Global Health Security Network is one of the ways that we can do that. On behalf of the bipartisan policy center, i want to thank you for spending time with us today. I know you are in demand as we speak. If you have questions for him, he may have a couple minutes but he is going to have to run. Thank you again for your leadership as well as your service to the nation. Thank you. [applause] thanks everybody joining today. Thank you. [inaudible conversation] donald trump and Hillary Clinton made the republican and Democratic National convention a must see on tv. We will show you the featured and talked about speeches from cleveland and philadelphia. You will see democratic speeches by michelle obama, bernie sanders, bill clinton, michael bloomberg, tim kaine, president obama, Chelsea Clinton and the acceptance speech by Hillary Clinton. Then you will see speeches by the republicans melania trump, chris christie, eric trump, mike trump, ivanka and the acceptance speech by donald trump tonight at 8 00 eastern. Sunday morning, the cspan radio app and cspan. Org. Q a,sunday night on journalist and author Joshua Kendall discusses his book from George Washington to barack obama. Looking at fathering is trying to capture the complexity of human beings. Fathering is a way into character. We tend to think this is a bad guy or good guy. To see a lot of these men who have been president had different parts, they were comfort metallized compartmentalized. Some could be really disappointing. Sunday night at 8 00 eastern and pacific on cspans q a. Next, a look at the threat that isis poses for ethnic minorities. This was hosted by georgetown university. It is just under one hour and a half. John ladies and gentlemen, we have a tradition at the religious freedom project where we try to be on time and we try to begin and end on time. Usually we are pretty close to that. Unfortunately, our moderator is in a cab on the way here from Union Station and its impossible to predict what she will encounter. So rather than wait and have the uncertainty, we are going to go ahead and began. Eliza griswold is the moderator so when she comes in, we have students who will bring her up and my colleague can tell who kent hill, who will be in a later panel, is sitting to my left and is going to kick us off so it will be a little awkward when they make that exchange, but i think it will be worth doing so we can go ahead and get started on this terribly, terribly Important Panel so kent, take it away. Kent thank you, tom, and thank you for coming back and we are looking forward to this panel. This next Panel Addresses advocacy and Civil Society perspectives on the big issue of the day, the threats to religious and ethnic communities within the Islamic State. I am just going to be up here for a few minutes. I have the privilege of introducing our four panelists. What im going to do im going to turn to each of them in turn. They will have five minutes or so to give their name, their organization and to say just a little bit about how they and their organization are trying to address this question in general terms. First im going to turn to murad and hes going to introduce himself and we will go on from there. Murad hi, everyone. It is a pleasure being here today. We cannot hear you. Murad is it working now . Is it working . Mine is working. One second please. Try this. Murad its a pleasure to be here. I am the director of the Global Yazidi Organization that was established after august 3, 2014 when the Islamic State attacked our community. I work with this group to provide different humanitarian services to the specific communities including a social program for women. We are advocating for the is he use. Use yazidi ca mona can you hear me . Malik and i was born in baghdad. I have visited iran a couple of times and plan to be there again very shortly. The reason them up here today is people im representing being allowed to leave the country to be here. Reading most of my answers it is because i want them to be his answers. Because just as bishop royale said, we have no rights and are not in any position to dictate to the syrians living in the homeland as to what they should be doing or not doing. We are here to serve them and that is why i am here to speak for them in his words and in his answers and how we have tried to work with this crisis on a humanitarian perspective when the focus has always been education and infrastructure. So that funding has to go the refugees and we are hoping we turned back to our focus on education and infrastructure in the homeland. Thank you. I think it is working. There you go. i am part of the foundation. Can you please speak slower . You are talking too fast. Ali ok. Im ali. Im working with a group of including america, u. K. And other countries. We are trying to increase awareness inside and outside of iraq. With therking mainly implementation of media work. We are on social media and attending conferences and International Missions to increase our message. Not been new. Has thank you. Ok. [speaking in native tongue] rajab. Tor im in native tongue] [speaking in native tongue] [laughter] sorry. I am sorry. We are working in an organization. Weve been head of his yearization since the 2003. [speaking in native tongue] translator since 2005, i have the chief consultant for the organization. For, i became a consultant information and media for the same organization. Native[speaking in tongue] translator and currently i am never three in the community of the ministry. Rajab [speaking in native tongue] translator im also establishing an organization for the culture of my community. In nativeeaking tongue] translator i am also a member of the council of the Iraqi Council and to represent the movements in this council. Thank you very much. I will take the liberty to ask you one question. As question soiz i can ask anything i want. I know from working in a variety of organizations anybody that is involved in Civil Society, the temptation is to believe that type of activity doesnt have that much impact once you come to a situation where violence is occurring. If one of the actors in this case is attacking religious or ethnic minority so my question for any of you is this question in a situation like this, who was the focus of your advocacy . Who are you trying to persuade to improve the situation . Anybody want to take a crack . You understood what i said there . While you talk, i will let you speak. It is working . In situations like this when entire communities find themselves without the fence in the hands of a group that believes in nothing but the killing, enslaving, rape, a group that has no morals of responsibility. In the past, some of the wars had some moral in it. But the socalled Islamic State did, they attacked entire communities with the intention to wipe them out in the fraction and their own community. The fraction of the community they say they represent. They try to persecute them so we found ourselves in a situation where we didnt really know what to do. Community, we found ourselves taking two choices. Women, it was to be taken and for the children to be taken. I think the advocacy we have done is focused on two things. Because once you have the information, you can use that to approach the government. For example, the beginning of the attack, we collected information about women and children as they were taking them, the location, what was happening. This becomes a tool for us to do advocacy. The approach for us was basically to the government and to the media. If you dont have media, it is hard to make any advance. With any cause like this, you need to have a lot of media coverage, communication with the government. You you bring other ngos, have more people working with you. In my syrians, we become more active in my experience, we have more activity. The point of the advocacys to get somebody on behalf of your community. Whole. Humanity as a what the Islamic State is doing is beyond anything we have ever seen. When we advocate for our community, we have a case on behalf of all the communities. Ok. Mona not only were we not prepared to defend ourselves but we were this armed prior to crisis coming in. We were not allowed to be part of the security. So, we had no way ahead of the f defending ourselves. When we had a few hours to we had a few hours to escape to all of those areas. They literally left with the clothes on their back. That, it is not just words. It is actually reality. To bring go to awareness is the international community. The u. N. , who has still not recognized the genocide of the minorities and that must be done to bring justice to of the victims of genocide with isis. The u. N. , the u. S. As much as possible and also with our own communities to rise up. This is a crime against all of humanity, not just minorities fo. Morning for all. I think it is our duty to work for all humanity and all human beings. This is because iraq forces odds to think about our religion, to think about ethnicity, and to think more about our own sectarian. Startedcracy in iraq bringing in shia and sunni. The minorities had been