Needed human editors. So for example without that, every day at noon, lunch would be trending. We needed human touch to get it right. And dinner around 5 00 or 6 00. Mr. Brooks every day, thats weird. [laughter] ms. Sandberg breakfast, lunch, dinner. We had an excontractor on the team you accuse us of having a liberal bias. That is a pretty important accusation and when we take seriously. It is also one that rang true to some people. Because there is concern that Silicon Valley has a liberal bias. We did not find a liberal bias but we still took steps to be more rigorous in our approach to running the editorial team, putting a stronger guidelines. There was a list we used to validate sites. We got rid of that. There is no list we are relying on. We also had a meeting where we had a full range of conservative voices. And as you remember, we did not just talk about this topic, we talked about how they were using facebook to get their voice out. This really matters to us. It is a political time. We are proud of the role we play in elections around the world. The vision of facebook was to enable individuals to connect, not just to friends and family, but also to the people who represent them and who they want to represent them. So, in this president ial election, facebook has been broadly used. It is worth noting that donald trump has more fans than both Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton combined. We are proud of our use by people who are already elected. So, every member of congress has a facebook presence. One of my favorite examples is elise stefanik, the youngest member of congress, posts very frequently and really explains herself. She posts almost after every vote to explain herself and that is the vision of what we are doing and when we are excited to see coming into fruition. Mr. Brooks your investigation turned up what . What Engineering Solutions did you implement . Ms. Sandberg they turned up no systematic bias but we still take it seriously. So we have it is interesting. We think a lot about diversity at facebook. You know, it is something our industry struggled with. We struggle with. Managing bias class that all of our leaders have taken that i was part of helping to create. We focused on racial bias, gender bias, national bias. We are now going to add a scenario on political bias, so we can help people understand different points of view. And being open to different point of view, we are open to dealing with political bias as well. Mr. Brooks that is really interesting and encouraging it i spend a lot of time in Northern California because i fund raise all the time. When i am in Northern California, one of the things that you find is that it is kind of hard to find people that have a conservative or religious worldview. Do you find you need to work harder to find employees and executives that can now understand that. Are you looking for more people who have that view . Ms. Sandberg to build a product that 1. 6 Million People use, you you need diversity. What you really need is cognitive diversity which is what youre talking about. Different thoughts. Intellectual diversity. You can get that by having diversity of population. You also have to create an environment which rewards that. We have always tried to run the company where people speak truth to power. You also have to create an environment that reverts that. We are very open that that gets rewarded. You know, we have this famous story of a young intern. Him telling mark, you are not a very good public speaker. She was just a summer intern. Mark said, you are right, and thanked him publicly. You are right. I am not very good at that yet and i better get back at that. If you look at him now, he is a fantastic public speaker. And the intern got hired. At facebook. [laughter] ms. Sandberg i was at a meeting at facebook and i was saying one thing i really want to do and a young engineer i had never met raised his hand and said, one of the worst ideas he had ever heard. Was exactly what i just said i wanted to do. What i did about it is i thanked him then and i posted to the entire company and thank tim publicly and that he was right. In t was. So, you need people with different opinions and in an environment for them to express those opinions at. Mr. Brooks do you surround yourself with people who disagree with you . I mean, lincoln did that. It takes some intestinal fortitude. Ms. Sandberg and it takes a willingness to tell people that they are allowed to disagree. If i make a mistake, i am going to say too much, not too little. But if i never speak about that openly, what are the chances that somebody who works for me is like, you talked to much in that meeting you go zero talked too much in that meeting . Zero. You have to raise it yourself. People are not going to speak truth to power unless you make that apparent. That is how we make sure we are this into different voices. But it helps make sure we are listening to different voices. Mr. Brooks lets talk a little bit about, their broader issue of the dissemination of news and information. It is interesting when you are a fastgrowing company, you never know what business you are going to be in next. I mean, you have looked you have been incredible and having Situational Awareness and exploding opportunities. When i was teaching business, i would talk about facebook and say it is extraordinary how they see opportunities through the windshield and grab them as opposed to having a 10year Strategic Plan as if you are an old industry. That means there are things like news dissemination that you did not know you are going to be in a and the difficulty that poses is that you do not have journalism training. At the New York Times, you wouldnt have people who only have Technical Training trying to write the news. And spread the news. They have to go to j school. That is not necessarily the best way to do it, but it begs the question, what do you do to maintain standards when you suddenly have gone into an industry like that that you were not prepared for . Or your employees were not prepared for. Ms. Sandberg we are clear that the industry we are in. We are a tech company, not a media company. When you think about newsfeed, the way we think about it is, if you were sitting down with your friends and family, what are the 10 things you would want to see . We determined that mostly with algorithms. The way we determined that is important. The average person has 1500 stories to read in one day. You are not going to spend that much time on facebook. There is no way these employees are spending that much time. [laughter] ms. Sandberg how do we do that . we basically look at what you do. If i interact with your post more, i will therefore see more of it. I had 1500 stories in my newsfeed i couldve read yesterday. We welcome all of you to do that. That there is no way they are spending that much time. To make sure we are serving you the stuff you most want to see first. So we see what you do. When i choose to connect to aei and choose to interact with your posts and like and follow them, i will therefore see more than that. The top thing in my newsfeed yesterday was my friends marnie and phil. It was their wedding anniversary. Why did i see that pop in my news feed . Because they are my closest friends and im liking and commenting on their posts more frequently. We would invite you to give us feedback. You can see hide this post or go to Anyones Facebook page and profile and say i want to see this first. The feed gets better the more information we go ahead. Mr. Brooks you would say less have Human Interaction with it and have more automaticed such there is less editorial discretion. You are always looking for less editorial and discussion. Sheryl theres little. As well as with trending topic. To make things to make sure that rings like lunch dont trend afternoon. But for the most part, this is machinebased algorithm based on the actions you take. Mr. Brooks are you worried that there are certain sort of pathological viewpoints that are hate speech and discrimination and things that you are sort of against that will keep coming up and there may need to be more intrusion on at the editorial level or is that something we have to deal with . Sheryl we have content policies and we take seriously. Theres no place on facebook for hate, for violence, for terrorism. And any of that content is pulled down and pulled off the site as soon as we can find it. Mr. Brooks that does provide editorial discretion with the help of technology. Sheryl yeah. It heavily relies on people reporting that content to us. With 1. 6 billion users were not , going to catch everything but we have 1. 6 billion users who report things and they do report things and when we see something that is hate, violent, terrorism, we act quickly to take it down. Not just content but work to take down the account. Mr. Brooks that leads to some of the problems were having in the United States, this topic does. I think that most people here probably agree theres too much Political Polarization or at least an unpleasant level of Political Polarization and something ive written about and you care about. One of the concerns is were able to tailor the information we get through social media that we get social scientists who always have a fancy word for everything so they can get it tenure. They call it episystemic closure. I am closed to outside views. I can tailor everything that comes in. One of the things that people are often concerned about, social media makes that easier and easier and easier. You can cocoon yourself completely from it. This leads to an experience thats not very enriching, i think. So i know youre concerned about this. What is your view on this . Do you believe that facebook is inadvertently leading to episystemic closure . Sheryl thats a great question, an important question and a common fear that some people have. I also think its not true. So Media Companies have certainly come to, not all but most more specific point of view over the last number of decades. When you choose to go to fox or cnn or New York Times youre making a decision about what point of view you want to see and you know that on the way in. When you come to facebook, what facebook really does, and heres another sociology term, we strengthen your weak ties, not your strong ties. Your strong ties to five to seven people you are in constant touch with. Your mom, your husband, your wife, your partner, your child, your best friend. Facebook doesnt change your interactions with those people because you know what those people are doing and theyre in touch with them anyway. What facebook does do is enable you efficiently to communicate with a lot more people your weak , ties, the people you worked with at your last company you dont see every day. The people you went to high school with. Three of my High School Friends are in the audience today. Its really nice. The people who youre not in touch with on a daily basis so facebook strengthens your weak ties and for the most part, when you go from a Smaller Group to a broader group, you go to broader political points of view. We believe strongly that facebook widens the points of view you see, particularly when you compare it from getting news from one news outlet which a lot of people do. Mr. Brooks they certainly do. Is there a way to inject more weak ties with alternative points of view into peoples facebook feeds . Is there any way to do that . Sheryl well, im glad you asked that. Mr. Brooks from the American Enterprise institutes point of view. Sheryl facebook is not going to inject anything to anyone. Thats not what were going to do. We dont have a point of view. We dont want to try to make you have a point of view. Were enabling you to connect with more people. Certainly anyone who is watching or hear, we invite you to connect to a. E. I. , to connect to Arthur Brooks if you want to so you can hear those points of view. Our average person has 150 friends or pages they follow. And over time those numbers tend to go up. We do see that people are broadening out the voices they hear from over time and we provide the technology that makes it possible to do that. Mr. Brooks lets move on a little bit to the impact of tech on society and on the economy. Because this is something you have written and talked a lot and you and i ve discussed. Its important to you. You havent launched any relationship with Larry Sommers and with a lot of our mutual friends who written a good deal about inequality, economic inequality, inequality of opportunity. I know you feel strongly about it. Its a big issue in politics today, clearly. Some of the populist trends weve seen in the president ial election has a great deal with inequality of opportunity. Some scholars at a. E. I. Have written to the extent which the structure of the economy is creating enclaves of winners and losers, the people who are being theyre being facilitated into the success that they earn by the new economy and others who are being kind of excluded by that. Now, youre in a part of the economy in Northern California where you see big, big winners a lot and its sort of hard to see some of the people left behind. Some of the people from port clinton, ohio, where the plant shut down, etc. Whats your view on how the new tech economy that youre part of, how its changing inequality for the winners and losers in the new economy, the postIndustrial Revolution, as it were . What are the trends that you see and what can we do together to deal with some of these trends . Sheryl inequality is rising and inequality is important and its something we need to be concerned about. As an industry tech we have to ask, what role do we play . And all new technology, but particularly technology that grows quickly, raises real challenges and also has real opportunities. And the challenges are real. Every time theres been real technological change from the Industrial Revolution on, as you say, it changes job models. It changes economic growth. It changes patterns of what the labor markets need. And theres adaptation that has to happen. Theres also real opportunities created. So you look at job creation. The Apple App Store is eight years old and creates 600,000 jobs. People think that tech creates only tech jobs and thats not true. At facebook there are 50 million Small Businesses that use facebook to sell and market around the world and most of those are not tech businesses. This is the local plumber, the local baker who are using facebook to start a business and most job growth in this country and all others come from small entrepreneurship. My favorite example is the woman i met named emily. She started a Company Called sort and plow while she was serving in the u. S. Military with her sister. She was deployed in afghanistan. They used facebook to communicate. They then used facebook to sell their product. And they take military materials, tent uniforms, and make them into bags and accessories. Fast forward a few years. Shes now a veteran. Her business is thriving and they employ 40 veterans doing this work and servicing their customers. And so technology unleashes entrepreneurship. Thats a pretty lowtech business. Theyre selling handbags and selling accessories. I do think as a society, as policymakers in this town, we have a real role to play to make sure were well positioned to take advantage of the opportunities and meet the challenges. And it really comes down to education. There are 600,000 open competing jobs in our economy. Our universities will churn out 43,000 Computer Science grads this year, not all of whom were born and raised in the United States and even have the ability to work here. So we have a demand for jobs. We have an economy that needs jobs and were not investing in the right education to get people there. This means math. This means science, this means Computer Science. Its particularly a challenge for women and minority who is are getting even less of the education they need. But its a really big opportunity for us and one were not meeting now. I think we need to start thinking of Computer Science as a language. We teach reading. We teach writing. We teach Computer Science in our schools. We need to change and we need to change fast. Mr. Brooks education reform is something we do a ton of at a. E. I. Because we believe a Human Potential is a right that people should have and should understand that they have. One of the things were talking about along these lines is trying to reform education such that people have real skills coming out of high school and beyond just not enough people know how to code are going to become computer scientists in college. An interesting fact from our point of view there are 300,000 skilled welding jobs open in this country this year while we have a 30 Unemployment Rate for young africanamerican men. These skills, needs mismatch so its not just in coding in high tech things. Its in trades that are dignified, paid well and hard to outsource. Whats your view just in general what we need to do urgently in k12 education that could help us solve some of the problem to help get skills, entrepreneurship, computer, coding, technological education, what should we do now and how should we go about that . Sheryl we have schools that have churned out of 11 of graduates who can read for decades and that needs to change. Our schools need to educate people so they can read, so they can write, so they can take advantage of a vocational education. We need to not be afraid to train people for the jobs we have, and we need to not be afraid to take a harder look at the basics. Because it really is the basics of reading, of math, of science that prepare us to do any of this, to learn other trades and if we cant give kids the fundamentals by young ages we fail later on in the system. So im glad for all the work you do. Theres probably nothing more important for all of us than Stem Education and educational reform in this country. Mr. Brooks lets go we talked about how we can enrich people who would have more skills, from the Tech Industry. But lets look how the Tech Industry can lift people up at the bottom who dont happen to be in this industry. On this stage i interviewed bill gates some months ago and hes very, very concerned with the extent to which the postIndustrial Revolution has had a hard time reaching down to the bottom of the economy and alleviating, really alleviating poverty. Its easy to see and this is related to what we talked about a minute ago how the postIndustrial Revolution is great for some but how can we add more Human Capital to people at the very bottom of the ladder, both here in the United States and especially around the world where poverty is a grinding phenomenon and ruining generations of people . Sheryl its such an important question and at facebook we focus on connectivity. There are four billion people who have no access to data and that means theyre cut off from health care information, job information, their voice cant be heard. Particular issue for women. Not surprisingly. 25 women are less likely to be cut off. The question is, how do you solve the problem . You solve the problem by actually addressing its root causes. For most people its economic, not technical. On the economics, you know, the world bank puts global absolute poverty at 1. 90 a day. 10 of the world poverty lives under that line. The average connected Facebook User in the u. S. , theyre implicit, cost of data dont worry. Its 1 a day. That means that people in this room are spending in facebook data half of what the poorest people in the world are living on. So we know in order to get them connected so we can hear from their voices, we need to lower the cost of data. Facebook has a program called free basics. Its an open platform where we provide Free Services, free data to people. And it includes health information, it includes job information, basic information they need. And so far with that we connected 25 Million People. We face some real challenges in these programs but were going to keep pushing because those people deserve the access we get and we see the benefits. For every 10 people who get connected, one is lifted out of poverty already and we can see the health benefits. Things like maternal mortality. Its also an issue, by the way, mostly economic in the United States. Most people who are not connected fall under 35,000 a year of income. So we need to solve that. For 1. 6 billion of the four billion, its a technical challenge because they dont live in areas with access to 4g which you need for data. One of the key ideas, our solar powered airplane which can fly for very long distances at very high altitudes and beam down connectivity and it has the wing span of a 737 but it weighs about as much as a small car which is why it can accomplish as much with as little energy. Were going to need things like that that get creative to get access to the people who dont have it. Mr. Brooks a followup on that. Walk us through how someone gets free basic in india, for example, how that having that service can be a facilitator for escaping poverty . Tell the story of somebody where that happens. Sheryl yeah, weve seen that a lot. Weve seen people from mobile phones, agriculture users in the developing world, just figuring out for the prices they are for the goods theyre selling and increase their income because they are cut off from data. We have stories through free basic of women who have access to basic Maternal Health information and therefore go on to have healthier pregnancies. Basic information on season take for their children really improves health outcomes. People who can start businesses, not just for themselves but actually for a whole village with data from one cell phone. If you think about living a life right now where you have no access to information and then kind of turning on the light, so to speak, access to information on your own rights in your own country, this is being used in india for women who are largely in the home to be informed about their rights in Domestic Violence cases. If youre a Domestic Violence you often have trouble leaving your home so information that cant get to you in your home doesnt help you but through , free basics weve had stories of women accessing information on their rights in their own country on Domestic Violence and being able to connect with services. Mr. Brooks its interesting. One of the things that some of our scholars talked about, we tend to say what the poor needs to not be poor is shelter and food and basic health care. But one of the things we find that really lifts people out of poverty are communications, energy and credit. Those are the things that so you can be basically maintained at a subcystans level with those three things but if you want to get to the middle class you need what were talking about here. You say you faced some real challenges to giving away free data. How could you face challenges in a country, i dont know, take india, for example . What kind of challenges would you face . Sheryl we face some real challenges. Anytime you try to disrupt an industry and make something cheaper youre disrupting an industry and making something cheaper and giving it for free. We faced issues in india on net neutrality. We believe in net neutrality. Its important to have a free and open internet where services can be delivered not just from Companies Like ours but small startups. Net neutrality has been used incorrectly in my view, in our view to keep us from to try to keep us and others from delivering Free Services to the worlds poor. I dont think it was ever intended that way. I think the debate over time will evolve to the point where people understand how important it is for us to provide to the worlds poor. Mr. Brooks you go into a market and their entrenched competitors are providers of services dont like the fact that youre pricing it under zero and they object to it . Sheryl yeah. It happens from all different people and people want to protect local industries but sometimes the best of policies can be misapplied and weve seen that, not just in india, but in lots of countries all over the world. Mr. Brooks interesting. These are the legal challenges you are continue to face . I guess what you would expect. Lets turn to policy because were touching on policy right now. So as you may or may not know, youre in washington, d. C. [laughter] sheryl thanks. Mr. Brooks and im just going to im going to guess that the only reason youre here is not just to sort of see the Washington Monument and talk to Arthur Brooks. You must be here for Something Else on this trip. What are you doing . Sheryl so im here with my team. Joe kaplan is with me and he runs our International Policy and joe. We are here talking to policymakers. Were at a place where we have to decide what kind of policy and Regulatory Environment we like. The United States in many ways has had the right policy environment for the Tech Industry and other industries to develop. We are a country of entrepreneurs. We are a country that is invested and supported innovation. And we need to make sure we have the right policy and Regulatory Environment that continues to do that here and around the world. So the people who work here, both at the staff level and obviously members of congress and people running for office, they really matter in the right regulatory and policy environment. Were here talking to them. Mr. Brooks interesting. So what kind of regulatory or policy environment is most conducive to the innovation you would like to see that will help the American Public most . What are the big changes youd like to see at the moment . Sheryl some of it is changes and some of it is maintaining things and maintaining that. We had a free and open internet. We had a global system where for the most part you can transfer data between countries. Thats really important. One of the big open issues right now is the transfer of data from the e. U. To the u. S. Because the legal and regulatory umbrella under which that has happened which was safe harbor and the Privacy Shield is under scrutiny and under challenge. And its important that countries and companies enable us to work across borders. A good example is immigration. So facebook, 83 of the people who use Facebook Live outside the United States. More than 80 of our workers live inside the United States. We have been able to do that because weve been able to hire most of the highskilled workers we need. But the h1v situation is basically a crisis for our company and others because, as i said before, 600,000 open jobs, 43,000 grads not all from the u. S. We have to hire workers. As h1vs have gotten tighter, weve taken jobs that we had here in the United States and have to move overseas. We move all the ancillary jobs around us. So were trying to conduct the majority of our business, you know, here, and we need the immigration system that lets us do that. Mr. Brooks we had an interesting report from one of our scholars that showed that the an average high skilled worker generates about five jobs for those born in the United States. Those are the ancillary opportunities you are talking about. Sheryl oh, i believe that. Mr. Brooks just good Public Policy and good for everybody along the way. Lets talk for a second about innovation. We might turn back to policy if we have time but i want to talk a little bit about innovation. Facebook is doing some interesting highprofile things in technologies that we do not expect. Again, this has been an opportunistic company that has had innovative opportunities that most of us wouldnt have seen. So when youre investing in things that are counterintuitive it really gets a lot of attention. There has to be some there there. Im talking about your investments in Virtual Reality through occulus and artificial intelligence. Can you talk about the gee whiz stuff that will blow our minds. Sheryl well, i dont know about blow your minds but talk about investments and innovation. Our mission is to help people share and connect all over the world. Artificial intelligence is really important and i think sometimes very misunderstood. We are using artificial and Machine Learning right now to translate facebook into 40 languages that go in 1,800 different directions. So the reason people around the world can communicate is because of Machine Learning and basic a. I. Were using a. I. To make facebook usable for people who are blind. A. I. Can read the picture in your feed so you know whats going on. And as we continue to invest in things machines can do, a. I. Will help us bring us closer together and that technology is really important and really important investment for us. Virtual reality is not just fun, if people have tried it, we have oculus, a great headset and now we have hands for touch. Its actually the greatest empathy, the ultimate empathy device because it enables you to experience something not quite realistically but closer. One thing is a film called a cloud over sentra which is a documentary on a 12yearold reallife syrian girl. It can be a lot closer to knowing what its like to be a refugee. And it helps train surgeons to understand the other human experience. When we think about what technology can do, from beaming down from solar planes at high altitudes to give data at much lower or free cost to the poor to creating virtual experiences where you can experience things without the same kind of travel or Life Experience to a. I. Where we can use machines to enhance the human experience, thats pretty exciting stuff. And were excited to be making those investments. Mr. Brooks so today, no doubt i will post a picture. Five years from now im going to be posting an experience to my Facebook Page and the people who love me and know me are going to get that and theyre going to have the experience that im having in a way this is less virtual. Its more like being there. Is that what well see, is this what these investments are leading to, sharing experiences with people . Sheryl yeah. I loved the post when you were in santa monica when your kids were more excited about the beach . Mr. Brooks that was a shocker. Sheryl i posted a 360 picture at the capitol yesterday. Its cooler. You feel like youre there. When you try to experience something where we all cant travel around the world i think we can bring experiences much closer. Mr. Brooks who knows what it could look like. If something smells weird im going to post that in a couple of years. Who knows what the range of experiences might be. [laughter] sheryl but on a thats fair mr. Brooks an odor on facebook. Sheryl wed love to make that possible. I dont think were working on it. Mr. Brooks you heard it here first, folks. Sheryl how many experiences can you have . How many people can you touch . How many lives can you see . When we bring it closer, i think we have hope for the world to become more peaceful. Mr. Brooks on that note i want to take the last part of our time together to talk about some of the things youve done outside of facebook and sort of your personal journey. You have become a household name since 2010. Not just due to facebook but because of a book, its a phenomenon. Its an experience. A lot of people are talking about it and theyre experiencing it to try to enhance their own lives. You got the leanin. Org foundation, the great roots circles i talked about and just the phenomenon that the book itself created and the way it affected the lives of probably so many people who are sitting here in the audience and people who are watching us virtually. Part of the message was how important it is for women who want to find successful in both careers and families, you emphasize that a whole lot. As most of us know, its been a year since you lost your son, dave. How has the last year changed what it means for you to lean in . Sheryl i mean, its an important message. I posted something on mothers day how my perspective changed from losing my husband, especially so unexpectedly. As a woman your career can really been benefited and your life to have a partner and i still believe that. I still believe thats important if you can find it. I became a single mother overnight and i became a single mother with a lot of resources. I dont pretend to have the experience most single mothers have in the country. But i certainly understand much more than i did today. And what i understand is that the American Families are evolving and changing. Since the 1970s, the number of children being raised by single mothers have more than doubled. 30 of families who have children, 40 are by single mothers. Most live in poverty compared to 22 headed by a single father and 8 headed by two parents. And so the American Family is evolving. What it is to be an American Family is evolving. Certainly the help we provide single mothers is completely insufficient. You know, on a personal note, fathers day was two days ago. I dont think i ever spent enough time thinking about what it was like to be a child in this country and not have a father on fathers day but i sure did two days ago. I think as we approach everything from how we interact with each other to how we think about the American Family, we need to understand that the families are evolving. Mr. Brooks what are your ambitions for the leanin movement . The sequel to the book, is it a movie . Sheryl its absolutely none of that. Wed like to not have exist because we achieved equality and people are leaning in all the time. We launched the second phase of leanin together tomorrow which is together women can, and thats really about women supporting other women and the goal is very simple. Equality. Equality in the workplace. Equality in the home. Half our country and half our companies are run by women. Were very, very far from that. We have 17 countries who have 5 of the top jobs and half our homes and half the work with our children being done by men. The good news is that this is already, at least about to happen if not starting to happen. Im superexcited about leanin circles. We never thought wed have 28,000. We grow by almost 100 a week. Our goal was and 28,000 circles, 1000. Theyre leanin circles, women, sometimes men get together once a month. Except in texas they have hundreds because they say everything is bigger in the state of texas but they meet once a month and hear their ambitions. We hear this somehow they get raises. This is how they get that voice in their head saying they can, they can, not they cant. This is about cultural change. Im going to ask the men only in this audience. Raise your hand if someone called you bossy as a little child, men only . Always a few. Women, raise your hand if someone called you bossy as a child . Girls arent bossy. And boys arent called bossy because we expect them to lead. But leadership is so surprising from a girl that we call them bossy. I say to people everywhere, next time you see a little girl called bossy often by their own parent and say, that little girl is not bossy. That little girl has executive leadership skills. [laughter] beasts something. I want to say it the other way. That little boy has executive leadership skills. There is no audience anywhere in the world that doesnt have exactly that reaction. Theres no humor when its a boy and theres lots of humor when its a girl. Why . Because humor is about surprising our expectations. So it is actually funny that a little girl would have executive leadership skills and thats the problem. To this day in 2016 we expect leadership from men, not women. The campaign were launching tomorrow about women helping other women is important because i think there is another miss out there which is along with women cant lead or shouldnt lead, its that women dont support each other. I think that is not true. Women do support each other and they are supporting each other. And so tomorrow were asking everyone to join us at leanin. Org together and post a picture of a woman who supported them. I talked to so many women today saying they are problem with posting tomorrow is they cant decide which woman to pick because so many women have supported their career which is i think what a lot of people think. And so we come together. We Work Together towards real equality. Mr. Brooks im about to turn to the audience but im going to ask one more question. The reason i say it, i want those who have questions get ready. To get your questions ready and ill tell you the rules as soon as im done with this one. This is an important topic for me, this last one. Ive done a lot of research and a lot of thinking personally about the importance of work. How work dignifies people, how work brings meaning into peoples lives, how work is a sanctified, ordinary thing and how important it is for people to do work, whether its formal work or informal work, work in the home, work is something that has to be done and deserved. The people i talked to in my research who has the most saving relationship with their work are people who can answer the following question its not the question you ever hear in washington. The question you hear in washington is, what do you do . Not the right question. Why do you do it . If you can answer the why of your work, youre happy. Whats the why of Sheryl Sandbergs work . Sheryl to give people voice so they can reach for their ambition across facebook and leanin. Facebook is about giving voice. Facebook is about, you know, one of my favorite pages which is women in iran who post pictures of themselves without their head scarives which violates law and there is a great picture of a grandmother, a mother and a daughter and the grandmother say, i wanted to daughter feel the wind on her hair before her hair turns gray. And they post pictures of themselves in scarves. Thats giving individuals voice. When you think about the history of being able to communicate, before facebook, before social media, you had to be you or me to get on local tv to have a voice and get an article. Now everyone in the world can share what they think and that gives power to people and that is so important. With leanin, its really the same thing. Its about giving women voice and giving women the ability they can the world too often tells women what they cant do or what they shouldnt do. And we can change that. Im going to ask the audience one more question. Men only. Men. Please raise your hand if anyone said, should you be working . [laughter] david dreier, should you be working . Men. Women, has anyone ever said to you, should you be working . 70 of mothers in the United States work because they need to. Telling women they cant work and be mothers is absurd and insulting and goes against the economic reality most women face and so we can give people voice. We can tell them they can and help them come together to fulfill their ambition. Mr. Brooks its a nice note. And now well turn it over to our audience. Here are the rules. Please wait for the mike. Ill call on. The mike will come to you. Please stand up and say who you are and what your affiliation is. If you have a protest statement, just make it into a question. Whos the first question here . Lets see. Right here. Andre. Mike coming to you. Im surprised. You know, i am an International Reporter here in d. C. Now i know what my friends at the treasury aspire for now i see you. You have your company, facebook, has a huge following all over the world, including russia. But my question is about journalism. It has been touched upon a little bit. You defined facebook as a technical company, not a news company. But you are also a purveyor of news, huge amounts of information, right, to people all over the world. How do you see the difference between your type of business and the regular News Business . What can you do to each other for each other, help each other . Since i am from russia, obviously i have a question. When will we have an f. B. Office in russia . Sheryl so the answer to the facebook in russia is i dont know. We tend to follow our users and follow the Advertising Opportunities in opening up offices. The answer on the journalism question is obviously the Media Industry is in flux and its going through a change in Business Model that a companys technological change in how news is distributed. What we do best for News Companies right now is get distribution and give voice. So reporters post, publications post. Theyre very important partners to us because were able to get more people to read their articles and get more people to share. I think the other thing we do and we hopefully do well is give people a way to interact directly with their readers. Some of the best journalists out there will post and say, hey, im about to interview this person. What should i ask . That builds their audience and in turn their organization builds moneyization for them as well. Reporter do you want to do Something Special for the media . Sheryl we want to make sure that people who do provide the content have a good experience. That when they share they get what they want which is people to read their articles and the ability to monetize. Mr. Brooks well go back up here. Thank you. Thank you, arthur. Good afternoon, sheryl. Huge, huge, huge fan. I have been twitting you crazy, tagging facebook. Sheryl nice. There you go. Mr. Brooks i was going to say i wasnt going to say anything. Sheryl i am a fan of yours right back. By the way. I am a member of a. E. I. Leadership network. Im a Small Business owner. Thank you, sheryl, for empowering me to create a Womens Empowerment Network like i did in d. C. Sheryl yeah i want to talk about bullying and words on facebook. We all see it in our personal feeds. We all see it on news articles and that is, does facebook feel that it has to do something around bullying . We all see it. The post can put an article up and all of a sudden people are yelling and screaming at each other in the comment section. What is facebook doing to address bullying . And what are you doing to help us as users to improve our dialogue with each other . Sheryl its a great question and we feel very strongly that there is no place for hate and no place for bullying on facebook. We have strict policies against bullying. We rely on users to report. Probably the most important thing weve done, and it goes to exactly how you asked your question, is weve helped people have better communication with each other. If you put up a picture of a friend or you put up a post and your friend doesnt like it, weve enabled social reporting to where i can report to you, please take that down. Weve learned over time if we help you make it emotional language, please take that down, will get some people to respond. Please take that down, it hurts my feelings. Please take that down, it really bothers me that its up, and youre quite likely to respond. The ability to communicate builds empathy with each other. Most peoples minds, not all, can be solved persontoperson on facebook because people are willing to be kind to each other. Sometimes it cant be. When that bullying is reported, we work we work very hard to take it down and weve worked with schools and parents and local organizations all over the world. Mr. Brooks thanks for that. Armine. You talked about content policy that you have regarding terrorism. But we hear a lot of stories about the internet being used by the isis and others to radicalize homegrown terrorists. Is it is facebook involved in this in any way, shape or form . Do you stop it or is this all taking part in the deep and dark web . Sheryl so theres just no place for terrorism on facebook. We take it incredibly seriously. Theres no place for violence. We take things down as soon as we find them. Were also pretty happy that people will often say facebook is not the place of choice for terrorists because we have real name identity. It goes to part of the thing on bullying as well. People are less likely to do these things when they have real identity because their names and face are associated with it. You see it in comments. If you look at some media websites where people are posting anonymously, youll see one form of comment. Then some of these sites will enable facebook posting where your real name and photo is attached to what you say and im not trying to pretend that the comments are perfect but theyre a lot nicer. Real identity is one way to protect against this. Mr. Brooks do you think in just in the general world, one of the biggest problems we have there is a very interesting article that i saw last year that showed that anonymous commentary on the internet after news stories is actually a leading indicator of psychosis. And sociopathy and basically what it says, those who are worried about dating somebody whos controlling and narcissistic, you should casually, do you write anonymously on news articles . [laughter] red lights going on. Just in general, is it your view that anonymity is an enemy of an open society where people treat each other well . Do you think we should work against anonymity . Sheryl there are services where people want to have authentic identity. Authentic identity is a good enabler for good behavior, for sure. Authentic, when youre posting, youre Arthur Brooks and it says who you are. I can respond. Its also the case a lot of what has to happen not all, but it does happen persontoperson. So to the great woman back there who started the Womens Network on facebook, you know, a lot of what happens is people come together to support each other when they can or even when they post something they dont like, they come together to fix it. Mr. Brooks all right. Whos next . Lets go over here in the corner. Hi. Im mary kathryn hamm. One of the things i like about lean in, its not just a policy prescription. It focuses on how we help each other as a group, how women can get together, these sort of outside government structures that we can do a lot with. As a conservative i love those , things. I read your mothers day post with interest as a woman who did become a single mom suddenly. I found there were some policy prescriptions in that. Heres my question. Im just pushing back a little bit. Do you think that when we talk about single moms because we sometimes lean on the policy prescriptions we miss opportunities to create those outside government structures that lean in has been interested in doing . Sheryl lean in is focused on outside government structures. Were very nonpartisan and have circles all over the world of all types. And the circles are focused on individual action. So we have a free curriculum up there. We have videos and other educational guides and every single one is practical so if you watch the video theres always something you can do and do that day. So for example, women dont get paid as much as men. Women dont get paid as much as men anywhere in the world. The first time to practice having the conversation where you ask for more money is not with your boss. Do that with your friends. Figure out how to negotiate and practice it in circles and we see that changing. And we see that working. And so were very focused on individual action. And part of individual action for people at certain times and for me, for single mothers is advocating for policy. But that can only ever be part. I think there are very good examples out there of why policy cant be all of the answer. And one example i look to is norway. Norway has had strong quotas for women in government and women on boards and theyve had quotas over 40 . And thats worked to get women in government at 40 and into boards. Do you know how Many Companies in norway are run by women . 3. 4 . And so people have differing views on policy and policy can be very important but policy will never be sufficient because this is the culture. This is about whether or not we want and encourage female leadership, and were going to have that person by person working together. Mr. Brooks cultural change beats policy change, interesting. Very good. Right back here. Hi. My name is zalin, an interim with a. E. Is asia study team. Thank you very much for being here. Its an honor. My question is about facebooks policy with china. Could you update a little bit what facebook is currently doing with china and if the Chinese Market will ever be open . Thank you. Sheryl so its a timely question. I serve on the disney board and we opened disney in shanghai and that was really exciting. Right now our service is not available within the Chinese Market. We do, however have a growing business in china is that were working with Chinese Companies to help them sell their products overseas so Chinese Companies are using us to reach external markets. And so were encouraged by that. Weve always said we would like to connect the world and we would one day like to have a business in china as well. Mr. Brooks weve just about run out of time. Im going to have time for one more question. And so sheryl take it from a woman. Mr. Brooks well go right behind you, stephanie, blue, black jacket. Im a developer at a. E. I. Being a woman in technology, being a woman of minority, how can i give back to the community . Ive had a lot of opportunities being i grew up in india and i came to the u. S. For school. Being a proud indian american, what can i do to give back to the community having all these opportunities . Sheryl well, i wouldnt understatement the example you set by staying in technology. We need a lot more underestimate the example you set by staying in technology. We need a lot more women in technology. You can mentor other women, sponsor other women, help start circles and use an opportunity to express themselves. The world is also increasingly global. Increasingly what you do today, what you say reverberates not just in this room but around the world. I look for the impact you have for women in tech. Mr. Brooks your work at a. E. I. Is helping the world. [laughter] sheryl i think that was implicit in her question. She totally knows that. Mr. Brooks thats right. Shes given back. I want to thank all of you for joining us and invite all of you to join me in thanking sheryl sandberg. [applause] [no audio] sheryl thank you. [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] cspans washington journal, live every day with policy issues that impact you. England voted to meet the European Union and ian talley will discuss how the brexit vote will impact the Global Market and political impact from president ial candidates. Ofina thompson, cofounder free the delegates, talked about allowassroots to delegates to vote for any delegate they want and not be donald trump. Be sure to watch cspans washington journal beginning live this morning at 7 00 eastern. Next, president obama on lgbt rights and activism in his weekly address. Then senator richard burr responds to the president s remarks, focusing on foreign terrorism. President obama hi, everybody. The story of america is a story of progress, written by people who put their shoulders to the wheel of history to make sure that the promise of our founding applies not just to some of us, but to all of us. Farmers and blacksmiths that chose revolution over tyranny, immigrants that crossed oceans and the real ground women who , reach for the ballot and scientists who shot for the move. Preachers and porters and seamstresses that guided us toward the mountaintop of freedom. Sometimes we can mark progress in special places hollowed , ground where history was written, places like independence hall, gettysburg, seneca falls, kitty hawk and cape canaveral. One of these special places is the Stonewall Inn. 1969, as the turbulent decade was winding down, the Stonewall Inn was a popular Gathering Place for the Lgbt Community. At the time, being gay, lesbian, transsexual was considered being obscene even a mental illness. , one night, police raided the bar and started arresting folks. Raids like this were nothing new. This time, the patrons had enough. They stood up and spoke out. The riots became protests. The protests became a movement. The movement ultimately became an integral part of america. Over the past several years, we have seen achievements that would have been unimaginable to the folks who knowingly or not started the modern lgbt movement at stonewall. Today, all americans are protected by a hate crime law that includes Sexual Orientation and gender identity. Dont ask, dont tell is history. Companies can no longer turn you away because of who you are. Transgender americans are more visible than ever, hoping to make our nation more inclusive and welcoming for all. One year ago this weekend, we lit the white house in every color, because in every state in america you are now free to marry the person you love. There is still work to do. As we saw two weeks ago in orlando, the Lgbt Community still faces real violence and discrimination, real hate. We cant rest. We have to keep pushing for equality and tolerance. But the ark of our history is clear, it is of progress, and a lot of it can be traced back to stonewall. This week, i am designating the Stonewall National monument as the newest addition to the parks system. Stonewall will be the first National Monument to tell the story of the struggle for lgbt rights. I believe our National Park should show the whole story of our country, the richness and diversity of our american spirit. That we are stronger together and that out of many we are one. ,