Duncan, and agriculture and agriculture secretary tom will sack are the only two remaining members of president obamas original. Cace original binet. Increasing the rigor of their academic standards. Theyre turning around their lowest performing schools and their opening new charter schools. These reforms were triggered by theing available through race to the top and waiver given under the no child left behind act. After legislative overhaul in 2010, the department of education is now the lender and guarantor for billions of dollars in student loans. Duncan has use Regulatory Power to hold forprofit colleges accountable for preparing students for jobs rather than loan defaults. A coloreden built scorecard to give students data. To more federal he has been a lightning rod for some of the more controversial issues in education. These include the common core state standards, annual testing, and what role the federal government should play in education. Both major teachers unions in one way or another have suggested that he might need to resign. As Congress Considers reauthorizing no child left behind, some lawmakers are ofking to limit the power can has used to enact changes when congress was gridlocked. He has a fascinating speech topic today. Now its our turn to get an education. Please give a warm, National Press club welcome to education secretary arne duncan. [applause] secretary duncan thank you so much. I want to start by telling you something im not proud of. Early in my time as the el of Chicago Public schools, we set out to make our school safer places. We knew too many of our students were going to jail. I went to the police chief there and asked if we could find a what time of day or night our kids were getting arrested. I figured if we knew when the rest were occurring, we can target an intervention to keep kids more engaged in after school hours. If this was happening late at night, we have to challenge parents to step up and keep their kids safe and at home. Expectabsolutely didnt was the actual answer that the majority of the arrests were current during the school day in our School Buildings overwhelmingly for nonviolent misdemeanors. Those calls the police put kids in jail. We were the ones making them. We were responsible. We met the enemy and it was us. , none of our teachers or principals, had set out to criminalize the behavior of our students or start them down a path towards incarceration. Those were the facts. They are bound up with another set of facts. The fact america has less than 5 of the worlds population but more than 20 of the worlds inmates. The fact America Today locks up black people at a far higher rate then south africa did the height of apartheid. Timesg man of color six more likely to be a cars rated than their white peers. One out of every three black men in america is predicted to go to prison at some point in their lives. Just one in five of them will receive a college degree. Based on these docs of incarceration, we have no choice. We as a country must do more to change the odds. You can try to reduce those statistics to just numbers on a page but there are people behind those numbers. In ferguson, baltimore, new york, hundreds of other places. If you spent sometime in the places with real people who have real families, you are left with no doubt we have to do more. Thats why i want to layout an idea today that will strike some as improbable or impractical, which i think is essential. Its about setting a different direction, a different priority, one a sense that we believe in great teaching early in childrens lives rather than courts and jails later. Let me tell you why this is so important. Years as theeven secretary, i had a chance to spend a lot of time there and witness to great teaching and learning and reading amazing young people finding ways to share their talents with their community and the world. Ive also met a lot of young people whose lives follow a different trajectory. I think about those young people who we have not the right not done the right thing by. Their stories, he. There is brandon come age 11, who wrote graffiti on the bathroom wall of denver elementary school. His act of vandalism quickly became a criminal manner. He was sentenced to Community Service alongside adults. He told me i was the only 11 health picking up trash on the side of the highway. That left him with a criminal record. Years later, the department turned him away because of that one mistake. I spoke to him later after he got that news and he said it killed my sense of hope. Theres a young boy who racked up almost 30 behavior referrals and received his first battery after is a sevenyearold having an anxiety attack after the death of his grandfather. There was a young man in illinois prison. They were locked up for friday of crimes a variety of crimes they committed during their childhood. They had to told us take care of their families from an early age. They felt alone in a world where no one seemed to care about them or believe in them. What did these young people have in common . They all made that choice is, large and small. The neededhen support, it wasnt there. One said i just got tired of seeing my mother cry every night. For some, the system found ways to push them out then help them out. All of them were examples of unrealized potential. Every day as a society, we allow far too many young people to head down the road that ended wasted potential and sometimes we are complicit in that journey to nowhere. We need to do more to change the. That. Lets fix our priorities. During the last three decades, state and local correctional spending in this country has increased almost twice as fast. Twice as fast as secondary education. Zetsche leaders at the state and local levels have the power to change this. Pretending that schools can begin to do this alone. They cannot replace broader efforts to deal with poverty and hunger and homelessness. The facts about the impact of great teaching are too powerful to the north. To ignore. Ive not yet met a parent that needed to be convinced it was important for their child to have a great teacher. Parents everywhere know and understand. And not enough evidence makes clear not just teachers are the most important factor in a school but also how important they actually are. So much of the kids who have Great Teachers end up with a month more learning each year and gives you dont. The benefits of a great teacher prove out in life, not just the school. A single year with an excellent teacher rather than an has been checked have benefits up lifetime earnings of a quarter Million Dollars or more for that class and a measurable impact on the likelihood of attending college or having a child while your teenager. Education oreen lack thereof and incarceration is powerful. With a two thirds of state Prison Inmates are high school dropouts. An africanamerican male between 20 and 24 without a High School Diploma or ged has a higher chance of being imprisoned then employed. Today, our nations schools to spend roughly 3. 5 billion children each year and refer a quarter of a million children to the police every year. The patterns even more troubling for children of color and students with disabilities. Our consolation prizes at the door of our schools. Our part to end the school to prison pipeline. That will force us to have Difficult Conversations about race. Everyone knows it can be challenging to recruit and keep fantastic teachers in the schools where the needs are the greatest. Rewards of this work are extraordinary but its also a hard job. Heres an idea of how to put any of this is on schools. Is our states and localities took half the people convicted punishiolent crimes and them in a way other than incarceration, it was would save 15 billion every year to stop and every year. They can provide a 50 Salary Increase to every teacher. The cally, if youve if you focus on the 20 of schools with the highest poverty rates, that would give you 17,640 schools and the money would go far enough to increase salaries by at least 50 . And there would be plenty of money left over to give principals the raises they deserve. Ive long said the Great Teachers and leaders deserve to be paid far more. We are the beginning of a long range effort to pay our nations teachers what they are worth as a Nation Builders i believe they are. That investment would just make teachers is struggling communities fillmore value phil more valued feel more valued, it would either rebel ripple it would have a impact. You can take just a quarter of the 15 billion in savings and use it to support teacher leadership. Creating five positions for accomplished teachers who mentor their peers and give them each 25,000 a increases. Pay increases. We must do more to ensure more strong teachers go to our toughest schools and stay for the long haul. Right now in far too many places, funding gaps create the wrong incentives. In ferguson. Ple they spent 9,000 per student per year. , funds a double at 18,000 per student. How is that a plaintiff give every child a fair start how is that a plan to give every child a fair start . Oft is the cumulative impact a massive disparity of opportunity over 13 years of a childs education . Today, far too much great talent leaves our toughest schools are never arise at all. Arrives at all. Lets make that work the pinnacle of an educators career. Lets invest more in adults who dedicated their lives to helping young people reach their potential and lets place an emphasis on young people as contributors to a stronger society. Im not naive at all about doing all of this overnight. System,e already in the we cannot locally from that. We to invest in programs that help young people locked up become contributing members of society. We are starting a program to give those who are incarcerated a better chance of going to college. We are talking about savings that come from alternative tasks that involve only nonviolent offenders. Being soft onout dangerous criminals, its about finding was consistent with wise criminal justice to repair portion our resources and prevent crime in the first place. Im not suggesting this is an either or with other adjustments. Historicinced making a that on getting education right from the start with a massive dividends for our families, communities, society, and our nations economy. According to a mckinsey report from 2009, the achievement gap between the u. S. And other topperforming nations is depriving our u. S. Economy of more than 2 trillion in economic output every year. A separate study found a 10 increase in High School Graduation rates would reduce murder and assault arrest rates by approximately 20 . 1 increase in no Graduation Rates would save 1. 4 billion and the cost of incarceration. You dont have to be a liberal man in to like the idea of investing upfront in our kids. A hardnosed look at the bottom line will lead you to the same conclusion. Of laid outthe will may be ambitious. If youre serious about eliminating the school to prison pipeline, a shift in funding is only part of what we need to do. Theres a lot more we have to get right. The need goes way beyond education. What we have to do to take on poverty, to support families, promote integration of our schools and neighborhoods, improve health care and more, all of that is a part of the solution. In our schools, reducing the number of gun people behind bars fund melody is about changing the odds for most underserved students. At means following through and educators improve areuaction rates, which historic highs. Expanding the opportunity of quality preschool, whose power to reduce incarceration is established. Giving teachers the preparation and support they need to succeed. Ensuring children go to school free from fear whether from gun violence or bullying or racial or Sexual Harassment or assault. None of this work is new. Some in this country would have us move in the opposite direction by cutting the funding of state and district to make opportunity real for kids. That is what republican budget proposals would do. Toy would cut fund vulnerable students come support for teachers, job training, and the School Opportunity we know how our young people become productive. His work and these investments are the foundation of how much longterm academic success can be built. Essential steps to expand what we know works in education should be a nobrainer. Theres more than budgets and policies. The hardest step of all is taking a look at our own attitude and decision and the ways they are tied with race and class. In the wake of ferguson and elsewhere, this has become essential discussion in america and rightly so. Those of us in education cannot afford to stand on the sidelines. Lets recognize this is among the hardest conversation we can have an education. In education. People enter this field at every level for students. Yet we also know suspension, expulsion, expectations of learning come far too closely to raise and class. Our high rates of incarceration, high numbers of high school dropouts, and high rates of Child Poverty are not unrelated problems. That is true for me and my colleagues at home in chicago. The facts force a tough look and inwards. Indeed sometimes when a genuinely transparent moment of bias arises, the world stops. More often, its far subtler. We are not even aware we hold these privileges and expectations. Workinggy professor is with Police Departments and School Districts to help officers and educators become more aware of the implicit biases we all carry within ourselves. Theyre discovering and we become more aware of the biases we carry, and we all carry them, we can learn how not to act on them. Its painful to admit to ones might be causing harm, particularly for us as educators. I found out what was happening in our schools at chicago, it was a punch in the gut but it forced us to analyze and change adult behavior in our schools and the students we serve are better off. Asking students and teachers to put up with more misbehavior. We know learning requires order and acceptable behavior is unacceptable behavior. Instead, we need to do the hard work of comprehending our own biases and building supportive structures that help all children reach their full potential. Thats what theyre trying to do. Im thrilled to have my good friend with us here today. Three years ago, our default response had become law enforcement. Hitting rock bottom was there wakeup call and let him to insist the county find ways to keep kids in classrooms and out of courtrooms. Committeened to groups challenging that status quo for a long time just three short years later, with partnerships between educators willing to do this hard work, disciplinary incidents have been reduced by a quarter and school. Elated arrests are down 63 the reason has to do with new systems the district has put in place. The bigger change how to do with the way people saw themselves and the problems they were trying to solve. Its difficult work challenging centuries of institutionalized racism and class inequality. Hi from with believe a hard look at ourselves as a critical part of becoming a nation we strive to be. One of liberty and opportunity regardless of the circumstance of your birth. This work is personal for me. Formedup in chicago and some of my deepest relationships during an Afterschool Program playing pickup basketball there. Men i playedg with, there was not a lot of margin for a are. Some of them ended up on a path toward a strong education and that helped save their lives. Today, kerry holly is a chief Technology Officer at cisco who was named one of the 50 most important Block Research scientists in the country. So many others from the neighborhood just as smart, full of talent and potential and promise an energy ended up on a different path. Tragically, what they lacked was with every child needs, educational opportunity, support, and guidance. We cannot stand by while another face isons young people the same choices. Thats what we are the final variant to make opportunity real for those born without advantages and whoever lived and grown up with struggles and fear. Bets why i believe we must a nation of second chances. Thats why we have to try new ideas. Thats why we have to do everything we can. All the ideas ive talked about today are part of the same fight. Its about educational and Economic Opportunity but its bigger than the. The fight to increase social mobility, social justice. The stakes could not be higher. This fight could mean the difference between life and death. Our children and our country deserve a different bargain, a priorities. T of we bet on the potential of our children, the transformative power of Great Teachers, we cannot lose. Thank you so much and i look forward to your questions. [applause] thank you, mr. Secretary. You have used race to the top waivers to create change. Arent you using those programs to create the kind of change your proposing today . Dont have those dollars anymore. We have a pretty Dysfunctional Congress who isnt investing much in education. From theources came stimulus act that came early and administration. I think the question is what can we do to incentivize committees to step up and think differently about how they allocate their taxpayer resources. Had gotten indication from any localities there interested in this kind of approach you layout and will they lobby for some kind of funding shift and it is your department have an outreach strategy . Sec. Duncan were just Getting Started today so we dont have it all based yet. I will say part of the reason we are talking about this emerging sense of bipartisan support for this. Whether youre on the far left, far right, theres a tremendous awareness that mass incarceration hasnt worked. Were spending huge amount of money each year to warehouse people and they come back and the report repeat and got back in. You look at 70,000 a year to lock someone up. Relatively, pennies on the dollar to educate the front end. Trying to flip this is important. I do think theres a growing recognition for people who might not agree on anything else that we have a broken system now and there might be a greater willingness to try things differently. We will but to give every teacher a raise, every principal a raise. If we focus on those communities where the children have the but we feel to educate the vast majority, if we can make it real difference there, we could change this for decades to come. An independent study by Public PolicyInstitute California says similar Prison Reform efforts havent realized savings. Whats your response to critics who say 15 billion on be saved or how coveted are you in those figures that when you spend the money on the education come it will translate to that savings . It this is for nonviolent offenders. If youre not locking them up at 60,000 a year, that will create a minimum of 15 billion of savings. The question is, are you willing to reinvest that 15 billion in savings in Great Teachers, great in struggling schools . Thats a choice leaders have to make and we would argue longterm if you do that, rates of incarceration will go down dramatically. Happen that have to happen on state and local levels to do this . Sec. Duncan it takes leadership across the board. The fact we incarcerate young black men at a higher rate than under apartheid in south africa, its stunning. They have a greater chance of being locked up then getting a college degree. Hardnosed republicans want to save taxpayer money. Regardless of what perspective you come at, no one can defend become assistant. If you cannot defend the system, you want to tweak it around the edges or you want to do something transformational. We are leaving far too much potential on the sidelines. Talent is much more evenly distributed in our nations opportunity. If political leaders come together, we need to make a different investment. The administration announced elk grants for leaders in jail. Two years working through the mechanics of this. To createe ability these opportunities where we due october 1. We have tenaris p2 universities. We will see thisll be far less than 1 . Its a huge opportunity. Inmates won a debate against students from harvard. Pretty interesting. The Higher Education act was revised. Given the number of dropouts who ended up incarcerated, should this ability to benefit program currently limited be expanded to reach more dropouts . Whatever we can do to get people second chances. A 10 . I know which way i would rather invest. , wemore we can be creative should absolutely challenge ourselves to be creative. Does administration have any plans on Something Big and . Eaningful this questioner says a Free Community college plan isnt going anywhere and hasnt moved the needle much for families trying to afford college. Is there anything the administration will do . Sec. Duncan im tried to figure out how to print money. Its not as easy as we wish. Clear that hes is important. Having access to Early Childhood. Ducation we have to start thinking about that continue on. Many other nations around the world have come to the conclusion we have and it a competitive standpoint. He continued to work with congress to try to make this investment. Its this wasnt the president s idea. The idea that expanding significantly Early Childhood education isnt my idea comes from oklahoma. Not they should not be part of the fight in the sink. We talked about the color scorecard out. Were trying to get much more information to young people to make good choices and we hope they will vote to go to places that are serious about access. Wondering if the administration is valid to pressure from Higher Education institutions. Sec. Duncan we can be accused of lots of things. That was not part of the calculation. There was an interesting process. We get huge amount of information out there. They create their own analyses, get the information out. We think thats the way the world is moving. This was a different way of doing business. Is doesnt quite make sense anymore and the amount of people. Ho come to see that website we think that will drive behavior and will add a level of accountability. We have some educators writing essay questions. So be patient. Yesterday, it are partisan group of governors told groups of congress to reauthorize the elementary and secondary dictation act. They released conference priorities. Those are silent. They shouldhink update the accountability regime introduced by no child left behind . Sec. Duncan thats a complicated question. [laughter] sec. Duncan we think worst is gorgeous we think when theres too much time teaching for a test, they should cut back. On animal see a cap testing. We also think theres an Important Role for learning every year and we need to know in third grade and fourth grade, our students are truly on track to be ready for college or not . Massachusetts is our highest performing state academically. Despite that fact, a third of their High School Graduates have to take remedial classes in college. That means theyre not ready. Andng high standards assessments of students ability to hit those standards we think theres a common sense middle ground there. Of as an important piece potential fix to the no child left behind law. We were hoping a couple years ago, congress would fix the law. We are hoping now having Speaker Boehner step down. Before that, it was 5050. It was really disappointing. The goal is to get a strong bill that would fix the law for children and educators. I hope we can get there and i think that journey just got harder in the past week. With so many states opting out of testing, will be insisted department that new york state continue to consider student test scores and evaluating teachers and how much weight should begin to test scores . Every state assesses students. We have a range of students doing different things. All we have tried to do here is to say that Student Learning has to be a part of evaluating teachers. Harmful ways of doing student anyone who says learning should be divorced means the depression of teaching. The goal is to have students learn. Think about how your measuring Student Learning and have us just a piece of how you evaluate teachers. Everywhere i go, we say multiple measures. You spoke about raising teacher salaries. Arent teachers forming unions still the best way to raise teacher salaries and do you think charter operators should remain neutral during union drives . Sec. Duncan unions are an important way of raising wages, whether its in the Education Sector and others. I want to be clear. Every teaching job is not treated equally. A teacher here is a different job then one in west d. C. What we have failed to recognize islam of teaching job is ever easy, there are very different degrees of difficulty. , nowe have is no incentive spotlight on those teachers and principals and social workers and counselors who devote their lives to helping the kids most in need. Education tonto make a Million Dollars. How would better compensate them and how we better support them and how we give them more respect and how we get great count to the kids who need the most help. This is her rent is all over the nation. The most extreme example i saw was on a native american reservation. No child deserves a better chance at an education in our native American Children were they simply could not find enough teachers. Half of the teachers came from each of america and half came from the philippines. They could not find american teachers to work on that reservation. Its part of a package to get more talent where needed most. Compensation and other things have to be on the table in different ways. There are Great Schools led by union teachers. And there are not Great Schools led by union teachers. Whether a charter is a heated school or not is irrelevant. For me, its about what we are doing to improve the academic success of young people. There are examples of nonunion and union led schools doing that. What should, and core advocates be doing to make sure state standards dont revert back to the old system and consistent from state to state. Sec. Duncan the media loves the controversy but the bottom line is over the past couple years, something unprecedented happened. The majority of states decided we will stop dumbing down standards and we will raise standards to make sure our children are college ready. The goal is to keep those standards high. Despite lots of noise and press coverage, what the press has uncovered is how many states now have high standards relative to a couple years ago. This has been talked about since the 90s. Governor clinton worked on this. You see political leaders across the political spectrum now in the process of raising standards. Thats a huge deal. That isnt enough. How you support teachers and how you talk about expectations for children and families, this is going to be a rocket couple years. Test scores may go down. Thats ok. The second part of that question how do we have transparent transparency . Were not competing for jobs in indiana anymore. Job inoing a better remote areas . If we cant compare and talk to each other, its hard to shine a spot went on success and we have to find a way to get better faster. Ist we dont do an education sure those best practices and feel what works. Being able to measure and talk and communicate across the nation and across the globe will accelerate the pace of change, which i think we need to do. A couple similar questions. Is there anything else the administration can or will do that of fuels the school to prison pipeline . Sec. Duncan i will tell you what we cannot do. Usually houthis from the state. As levels are not as strong some will like to be. Until would become uncomfortable with that truth, until we really brownto believe black and children and poor children can contribute to society, we continue to have huge disparities. Didnt happen overnight. That was from decades of neglect. Decades in the making. T finally went the top as long as children in ferguson have less and have the money spent on them, they will have real challenges. We will lock up far too many young people coming from communities. Until we actually challenge this reality and not talk about it and do something different, we will continue to have huge disparities in educational funding. Money is never everything. Its impossible to justify children in poor communities getting half the money of children and wealthy communities. When i led Chicago Public schools, 85 of children were above the poverty line. The state. Sued we were unsuccessful. Its criminal. There are kids and children we serve have less than half the money. Think about the 13 year impact having much less resources than other places. But we can do at the federal level is continue to try to put out guidance and continue to try to spotlight years of courage of people who take on these issues. Where we are doing things that are contributing to his problems, we have to make ourselves vulnerable and ask the hard questions and try to do something different. I will never forget that meeting with the police. I was stunned that we work into getting to this problem any major way. Withears ago, we announced eric holder that across the nation we were suspending and expelling three and prek. Arolds from i have no idea. Had no idea. But thats the reality. We have to continue to shine spotlights with leadership encourage. When you challenge local people to think about is a good enough for children in ferguson to have money spentlf the on them eventually other areas. Together a petition for being able to work with people of all ideologies yet in the past seven years, the debate over education has become more divisive than ever. Why do you think . Sec. Duncan i dont know if i agree with that characterization. Love to shake it up. They dont cover the fact vast majority of states have raised standards, 44 states have waivers and are working well together. They dont rate to the top gets all the press. Billion in 5 turning around the nations underperforming schools. Its not perfect. Theres a long way to go. Drawn to the media is noise and controversy and doesnt go to collaboration. Theres a next ordinary story just underneath the surface. There is this extraordinary story. And i just let him it back to School Bus Tour throughout the midwest in cedar rapids, iowa. Its putting all their money behind teacher leadership at investing in Great Teachers. It is virtually unheard of. No one tells that story. Unit management bolstering things. Amazing collaboration. No one knows. Important debate to be had. I think what we debate is important. So much of what we debate is a small ball. With the president ial campaign coming up, a couple basic questions i would love the media to ask. What are you doing to increase investment in Early Childhood education . What are you doing to reduce dropout rates . What is your plan to increase High School Graduation rates . What are plenty help us lead the world in Graduation Rates . Not just what your goals are but what resources and investment are you willing to make in those things . All of the other questions are noise. We could just get people focused on those and have an honest debate, we should vote on those things. Because we focus on the silly stuff and noise, it gives politicians aipac. You mentioned questions you would like to half the candidates. In the three hours of the last president ial debate, this questioner says nothing was said about education. It doesnt to be a priority issue. What you think its not being talked about . Sec. Duncan i dont blend the politicians. I blame us. In the 2012 education president ial debate, education rarely came up. Until we started voting and on,ussed what people vote these things wont be talked about. They will be talked about in a very superficial way. Democrat, republican, it doesnt matter. That mayorsisted and governors and Congress People and people running for president , until we insist they dont just kiss babies or do photo ops but try to improve education, we will continue to not make the kind of progress we need. Its a watershed moment in our nations history. Were not going back the other way. This is the right thing to do for our country. We continue to marginalize communities and disenfranchised communities. We will not be competitive with other nations who believe in every child and giving them a chance. There is a sense of urgency. Keepnly way we middleclass jobs in our nation is to have the best educated workforce. The to make sure High School Graduates are Truly College ready. Are not even at that point yet. We are debating silly stuff. Its all a distraction. Some housekeeping. The National Press club is the worlds leading professional organization for journalists and we fight for a free press worldwide. Club,rn more about the visit our website. I also want to remind you about some upcoming lunch programs. , the lafayette president will address the club. Stephanie Rawlings Blake will address the National Press club. I would now like to present our speaker with the terrorist onal press club i know youve been had before so youre developing a collection. [laughter] fourlook great in a set of in the china cabinet. I would recommend that. Final question i said in the introduction you were confirmed 2009, the very first day of the obama administration. You are one of two cabinet secretaries left. We can see the ad out there. Is it safe to say he will stick around until they close the lights . Sec. Duncan we are working hard everyday and we have an amazing team and the amount of Unfinished Business the president talked a lot about this fourth quarter. Theres so much work we need to do. I think its incumbent upon all of us to continue to work really hard and try to give our kids a chance. Thank you for having me. One more. [laughter] you were the longestserving head of Chicago Schools and now you are one of the longestserving secretaries of education. When you do step away from his current role you are in, what do you envision next for yourself . Sec. Duncan i have no idea. My job is to focus on what were doing every day and when its time to do something else, i will look at it at that point. We will worry about that down the road. If you have any ideas, let me know. [laughter] does give a round of applause for our speaker. [applause] i would like to thank Staff Members of the National Press club and the Journalism Institute for their work and preparing for todays event. For a copy of todays program or to learn more about the national ,ress club, visit that website press. Org. Thank you very much. Deceased densities tour working with our cable affiliates and visiting cities across the country. This weekend, we learn more about the history and literary life of santa rosa, considered part of napa wine country. You look at the evolution of the wine industry. The countys agricultural history i guess you could say wind you could say began with wine. Probably in the late 1820s or early 1830s, which is a very long time ago. They were mission grace and no one in their right mind would make wine out of them now. But with that one country label in the 70s, by the 80s and into the 1990s, we were beginning to be better and better known. When my folks first purchased the ranch in the late 1950s, they didnt know a good time but they saw quite a change in the agriculture industry happening just in our Little Valley here. It hasnt always been the one country wine country. Agriculturalderful history in the valley. We also visit the jack london historic park, once home to london. We are on jacqueline durrans beauty ranch. This is where jack londons 1916. Until his death in jack london would have been writing long and and people came upon him. Two thirds of his writing was published after he moved here. White fang was published in 1906. The valley of the moon was published while he was living here. Claims he worked two hours. I think a lot of his time was building the ranch of Good Intention so it could be a model. That took a lot of his time. See all of our programs throughout the day on sunday afternoon at 2 00 on American History tv on cspan3. Next, a former naval meteorologist talks about the impact of Climate Change on security and Public Policy. Then, former Vice President al gore and utah senator mike sleigh lee. David rear admiral titley recently spoke about the effects of Climate Change on security and Public Policy. This was hosby