Tour visits chico, california. For six years, we have traveled to u. S. Cities, bringing the our viewers. You can learn more online. Media smack down, deconstructing the news and media journalism. Reporter of the Indianapolis Star for 25 years. He is a prolific author in retirement. He put together the manuscript and brought me toward the end of things to bring a different perspective to the work. The book gives this brush over of the history of journalism. There is a nice chapter on that. The basic idea is you have these series of factors that transform journalism in the last 75 years. We had the rise of corporate ownership starting in 1946. We had the rise of the internet. We had the rise of the world wide web, which changed almost everything and allowed individuals to participate. Economicad global collapse starting about 2007. Along with that, we had the rise and socialnes, apps, media. You have this corporate storm, declining returns because of competition and economic issues, result, ave, as a flood of information and bad economic times, which really crippled the Corporate Media and took a lot of journalists out of the industry whether willingly or not. Media smack down traces the evolution of newspapers in particular from Partisan Press nominally objective press back to a Partisan Press. In the book we talk about that there is a far left press, near left press, near right press, conservative right press, but there is a huge swath in the middle who are not being reached by any of those things. Is not being reached by thing. Tople tend to gravitate their ideological outlets. There are people in the middle who have to go to both sides but dont want either. With end up with at this point in time people can tune into things they already believe, things that interest them, that have already interested in rather than things that they need to hear. That is the nature of a Partisan Press. That is kind of a funny thing. A Partisan Press existed until frank80s, at which point nette and others said we cannot make as much money if we have a Partisan Press. We can sell advertisers on the side or that side. If we have an objective press, we can sell to advertisers on both sides. We can make more money. It is impossible to be objective. The norm of objectivity has become this funny thing that has been replaced by advocacy journalism on one side. It has been replaced by neoconservatives on the side. Ators more of an opinion o press than an objective press. I have people i know who wrote the manuscript, and they were working for corporate groups, and they were very offended. The corporate perspective is we are saving journalism, not hurting it. You can look at it two different ways. One of the things corporations that tried to do for journalism is trying to systematize it, routinize it, make it a product that can be duplicated from place to place. , that it isundation a product that can be marketed, that has not like milk an expiration date. News is like milk. It has an expiration date. It is anchored to one place. Hadre pasteurization, milk to be made in the community where it was going to be distributed. The corporatization of media was sort of like pasteurization. We just make it homogenous and spread it out. Community journalism is more about purpose. It is really about being a communitys historical record, covering Community Better than anyone else, making a difference. Two conflicting ideas. Corporate journalism is not necessarily a bad thing. It is just how it is executed from place to place. It is difficult to homogenize news. There are two ways of looking at the trust issue in the public. One is that we had more trust because people trusted the institution. They understood that there was a process, that there was a reporter who would do the interview and write the story. Then there would be an editor who would look at it. There would be a copy editor. It would be a multiple touch process. What comes out would be this fixed form thing that was carefully researched and part of the historical record. We are now at a point where we have a 24 second news cycle. We have gone from a two or three day new cycle to a 24 hour news cycle to 24 second new cycle on twitter. Attention spans have gotten very short. They will move on to the next thing. There is a lot of information. It is hard it is hard for people to process everything in a headline or tweak. A lot of us are just reading news fed. In our ed. We have a lot of information. When you have a lot of information and so little time to digest it, you dont trust any of it. Stop thinking about thinking of it as trustworthy. I trust this when i hear the exact opposite from someone else . We about Public Perceptions of what comes to a liberal press, the conservative press. A great example is npr and cnn. They have kind of taken over the more liberal press and the publics mind even though they tried to fight that perception most of the time. Fox has cheerfully embraced the conservative role. Fox has shifted towards the middle of little bit. Other organizations have stepped into the farther right. They are self identifying. We are at a point in history where strangely we are having a self identified Partisan Press. As far as the New York Times and Washington Post are trying to hang in the middle, they are being identified as part of the liberal problem by our conservative administration among other things. The choices are being made by our politicians. They are being made by individuals based on their belief systems. They are being made by what shows up in your feed, when you choose to follow. Individuals are identifying what they see as politically conservative, liberal. I think journalism is still working well and still working best in small communities. In the flyover states where no one else is covering the happenings in those communities. Criticalts are still to the life of those communities. Journalism is still hard to survive given the fact that advertising has declined. If you have a small town and local advertisers, you can still do ok. Journalism is still being done very well in weekly newspapers across the country. They are still sticking to the mission. It is the big dailies, corporate newspapers, that are part of the problem. Big television stations, websites, the heavy hitters. Fixed, not a finished, when aproduct that ends story is published. This is the media that function for a long time in the United States. The public has to be involved in the conversation. That is what is going to save journalists and journalism. Publication of an article used to be the end of the process. The reporter would write the story, handed in, move on. Now it is just the beginning. It is where the conversation starts. The public has to be involved. We have to be a trusted filter. We have to be listeners. I say we because i was a journalist for 12 years. I was raised in the business. It is hard not to think of it that way. It is ok that journalists are granting themselves, building their own credibility, building followers. People find them and say i trust this person. That is the Walter Cronkite model. This is someone i found it gives me good information on a routine basis and gives me hope. That is not a bad thing. That is a good thing. This approach to journalism predominantly as being something that is practiced by newspaper reporters and in broadcasting. Is of the things we do provide a vital subset of doing writing, interviewing, publishing across multiple platforms that basically when you are doing is being a tformpot la storyteller. Post, entry, facebook 1000 word story, facebook story, video, or some combination or a platform does not exist. The story dictates how it will be told. Same skillusing the set, classic skill set and our students are doing great jobs. They are not working for newspapers, but we focus on a set of values that includes ethics, diversity, professionalism and free speech. Again values, that are beneficial across the board. For students that go into journalism, spain journalism, we have people who are putting content out there that is credible and trustworthy and necessary for a functional democracy. A functional democracy needs a free press. Facebook, google, twitter, media needs a democracy and journalism will survive because they need journalism to surprise. Sex, drugs and rock n roll the 1960s cant to g countercultural. A whole the of american bohemia. Progenitorsarly like edgar allen, walter whitman. I talked about members of the lyrical left of the earliest 20th century. I talk about the hipsters. I focus on the beats. I get to figures on the cast of allen ginsberg. Biographical elements in the book. I go on and talk about Timothy Leary and a whole array of characters who course through the decades of the 1960s. We think of thewe think of the , we think of hippies, of participants in one capacity or another. Werewere individuals who disenchanted with matters as they were in some fashion. About theconcerned republic, its growth, continuance. They were concerned about the war in vietnam. Two of the twin pillars, in a manner of speaking. But they were also concerned family relationships and personal dealings. Consciousness and rationality. Coalescingwas this demographic,me some economic, some literary, some cultural, some political in together andelded provided this backdrop that allowed for the counterculture this larges to be in scope and scale that it proved to be. Several sparks or triggers for the counterculture of the 1960s. I think you have the backdrop of the cold war. Internationally speaking, domestically, i am told simultaneously, i think you have a feeling in that reality of alienation that i referred to i think theneously, i thin u demographic matters. You have these large pools of young people congregating together, often on or near College University campuses. And then you have those terrible realities of racism and war. A largethat enabled number of young people to be receptive to different possibilities. And then you have these key but thensburg, you have a great bands. And the great musicians of a more solitude. Bob dylan so the beatles. Rplane. I think young people were drawn was of aes that challenging effort. A provocative cast. Sometimes of a radical nature. Contesting the varies in place. Contesting america institutions. And contesting the way people interact with one another. And the way people behave. There is a radical facet of the counterculture that i highlight. There will revolution a possibilities inherent in some of this which is why it is as strange ase what it was considered by the powers that were and treated accordingly. There are other as strange as what it was considered by the powers that avenues and the setting up of an underground newspaper. There are new kinds of comics in place. There are others. The rag is an underground newspaper in austin in the 1960s. I talked about that. It was this incredible a you can go back and look of the issues and get the snapshot look of so much that was going on visavis the counterculture and the other movements of the entire period. Really interesting matters to reflect on and i grapple on the question on how universal the countercultural was. We think of Greenwich Village new york city other pockets of venice. But the reality is, where young people can congregate, you can for and then the planting of the counterculture which means virtually any college for and university as te in thelities inherent fact there was a community of likeminded people that will be present. For instance, one of the focal points in one of the chapters is on austin, texas the university of texas. Of question why that would be included. Wherenercity of texas the epicenters in their own fashion for a the new left, the antiwar movement, the counterculture, the womens movement. Microcosm examining the process just like how i focus on hate. Earlier in scope, you can talk about the appearance at Columbia University of the small circle of friends which did not matter. It was ginsberg. Their buddies who were challenging the institution that was columbia. They were challenging the literary establishment. Asey were questioning he does in his famous epic poem road. Does it on the howell, which was presented in 1955, the publication of on the road two years later. They serve as triggers. Of appearance, the emergence the project at harvard, believe it or not, which involved Timothy Leary and eventually richard alpert. And, brought in young people to serve as kind of guinea pigs as it were, and proved to the enormously controversial. Surprisingly what was most controversial for the institution was the fact that undergraduates were included in the mix. It was ok if Community Members or graduate students who harvard along thdid along the lines. Pranksters, johnny across america in the summer of 1964. The west. A positivet was not experience. Meet in now for above new york city and that was not a happy experience either. Leary did not greet the pranksters even though it was 3000 miles for that encounter to take place. You get later into the 1960s, mid1960s and latter portion of it. It is almost like there is one event after another. There are the antiwar protests. Oakland and the bay area in general that involves ginsberg and the pranksters and the hells angels. There are the just that the printers put on 66, 67. There is the human being beacon in San Francisco. Golden gate park in january of 1967. Summer of love in 1967. Odstock. Whato killings byg of the Charles Manson gang in late 1969. If theres almost as thatthese ethical points eventuated and some spoke to the better side of the angelic , some spoke to the darker side. su end up with people own weaknesses and the these violation the drug usage brings about and the sexuallytransmitted diseases ushered in. Lives that arest a part of story. Thatink of the successes there are those burned out along the way. The musicians who died the is up over because of drug overdose. Jimmy and jim died janis joplin, jimi hendrix and Jimmy Morrison died in 1971. There were countless lesserknown figures who theirion became occupational opportunities blunted, stillborn. Some of the people never recovered. Recover. Ds didnt their damaged relationships reknitted. Aspects lots of serious to the counterculture. Possibilityial , some of them seemingly reach to the stars, right . A millennial like manner. In some ways, it is an apocalyptic reality which helps of howen the hopes transformative this might have been. I talk about this at the near close of the book. We haveuter revolution experienced over the last few decades. The pc revolution. Silicon valley. A lot of that is, believe it or not, connected with the counterculture. Tote a bit is pertaining whom belongs to those pursuits. To reach ahe attempt different kind of consciousness in different ways and, just as the u. S. Intelligence agencies and u. S. Military help to sp counterculture through drug tests and help to spread the gospel about the military is heavily involved in embracing the computer revolution. The 1970s and beyond. Symbioticeird relationship between the counterculture and the u. S. Ilitary im not suggesting it is conspiratorial. I am suggesting there is this and that is one of the reasons why they counterculture impact has been as enduring as it has been. Thereso been viewed have been cliches brought about it. Stereotypes cast around it. It has been largely dismissed and denigrated. I think it needs to be received and perceived for the cultural and potentially Political Force it was. It was a radical on closing with revolutionary possibilities. Religion play out. In the matter that was hoped for. I think that was obviously. But, again, the impact nevertheless of the counterculture was huge and remains so today. The name of our book is lost causes, blended sentences. Take 3300ted tio , from 2007 and 2011, which have received such a sentence. What happens when they get out is there prior questions. Not all of you do we trace the history and look at a couple of case studies of the movement, but then, we also look at what of the what kind institutional misconduct of these kids engage in. Engages and more misconduct . What are the factors that determine whether youth is released without supervision, with supervision or the adult side. We can understand the inner workings of that decisionmaking. And then we look at the ultimate recidivism. How much misconduct they were involved in, the background come individual characteristics which of those most strongly predict how they behave when they get out. How many are committing new crimes . Other rates of recidivism as high as 80 can get out and commit a new offense. Oftentimes a felony. It for overvaluated 2, 3 decades. Is it working . Based on how the kids behave when they get out. Through the 1960s and 1970s, it has mirrored the National Landscape of justice. Rehabilitatives in nature. Parent of the state basically means the system is meant to take care of any youth that may wander away from the straight and narrow. Becoming involved in criminal behavior. Texas mirrored approaches to providing rivulets asian to keep you rehabilitation to keep you outh out of criminal. Teaxas mirrored the National Average figure out what do we do . How probably going to address this . Try are we going to do to to a piece of society politically and otherwise, right . To hold these views accountable . In texas, they struggled with this shift in accountabilitybased justice. The juvenile system is supposed to say this is our response ability to get you responsibility to get you back on the right trajectory. It shifted toward his more personal accountability. A set of who is this youth, what is the background, do they have a support network . Wense driven system are interested in what they did and punish them accordingly. Legislature, they had both sides of the aisle agreeing this was not working. Either youth was serving either five months of incarceration in texas or they were being eithercertified and going to cod serving lengthier sentences. We are seeing some cracks and too severe in others. We are trying to figure out what to do in between and how to appease the masses and come up with his thirthis third prong of justice. This was a way to basically provide what they call juvenile blended sentence. Meaning, a youth could be subjected to both jurisdictions. They have a Second Chance under juvenile court, but if that fails and a number of players within the juvenile correctional not only juvenile correctional facility but the actors decide, they can be released. Or, for a variety of factors, if they decide they have to be transferred to the adult side, jurisdiction would switch over. He comes into texas youth servesion at 17, he could three to four years and be transferred. If we were to think about a case study of a youth who followed this determining sentencing process, we decided to include a story serve three to four years and be transferred in thiswe open in tr describing the crime. He was one of six perpetrators responsible for the unlimited vivid Sexual Assault and homicide of two teenage girls in houston, texas. 14yearold. X with 16, 17 and 18 euros. 8yearolds. He was the younger brother of one of these individuals. The perpetrator was present for it, aggravated Sexual Assault. He actually left the scene. As friends told him to leave. Weather that makes a difference is up for people to decide. He was 14 years old and by all accounts an upstanding young man. Brother hader gone out but he demonstrated great artistic ability. His teachers were working on getting him on maybe a different school. Good relationships at home. , this isuse of his age 1993 again, they had a sentence and received 40 years for the crime. Offenders have been either sentenced to death or a couple of them which were only 17 was offenders commo life without heparole. It is tru the worst of the worst crime by these individuals. But he also provides not a chronic not example of a chronic offender or heavily gang an involved but a kid who could committed a horrific events and what to do with that abuse. Went into case, he the Texas Youth Commission. We cannot connect our data but he likely participated in the capital offense program. When it came time in 1996 for his first determination hearing that is that initial Decision Point where members of Texas Youth Commission and others, prosecution, comes before a judge and discusses ryegrass and makes a recommendation of what to do with him. At that point, while the actors of tyc, administrators, therapists recommended he be released with supervision. He could serve the balance of his lengthy sentence through at that supervision. The judge, will be described in override decided to that and transfer him to the adult side. These twoprovides really poignant quotes that illustrates the pendulum swing. The rehabilitative intent. The juvenile justice system. It shift towards personal accountability. Not only the responsibility judges felt that the desire to push some more punitive accountability. Hearing,lton in his and again, it was a model during the commitment. They wanted him to serve the remainder of his sentence under the parole supervision. Our books talks about the fact that during these the decade of the legislation, the judges follow the legislation 80 of ,ime, but in a case like this dismissed the recommendation and the defense is sufficient to justify the sentence. We cannot trust what you did on what you did that one day no matter how perfect you were or in after. It have to put the interests of public first. The moving on to discuss the andntial to rehabilitate the fact these programs make this argument. If we can get used during this development, we have a better shot rather than sending them under an adult prison. The judge said can we rehabilitate the 15yearold and worth the time and expense considering the time committed . The answer is no. Considerme, i have to what that offense was worth, not what the offender is worth. That is the difference between the court and tyc. You have this example of him basically drawing a line between tycs rehabilitative intent and other specialized treatments and the court feeling this responsibility to be tough tocrime and providing fuel the fire of this narrative of we are no longer an offender driven system. We dont care who you are. We care about the offense and what you did. At that point, youre transferred to the texas prison system. You have had numerous hearings since. Families, other victims families friends have campaigned successfully to get his parole denied. He is still on the texas prison system finishing up at 40 year sentence now. Looks national scale, it like it challenges the question of how we best make this decision and try to may be appreciated on a casebycase like it challenges the questionbasis because it is eask at black and white crime rate. Increasing, decreasing. We have enough data and detail to really appreciate the complexity of these lies coming into this picture. Unbelievablee the challenge that exist to figure out how to rehabilitate them enoughfully, pour resources into the program so they can serve more than 18 years, or potentially make a determination that it is beyond ridiculou rehabilitation. John was a republican congressman from the come was, ohio columbus, ohio area for 30 years from 1939 there were 1958. He was in the house of representatives the most influential congressman, congressman when when it came to policy matters. Like, physically a big guy. He played football in high school and college. He was a forceful speaker. Something of a table counter i ounder from time to time. He apparently was an eloquent speaker publicly. They talk about his speech patterns in interesting ways. When he was talking to you one on one, or maybe a Small Committee setting, he would often start one sentence before he finished another and it can be hard to follow him. But on the house floor, onetime, colleagues said he never seen vorys speak with notes. He was able to speak not only in complete sentences but complete cor paragraphs. In 1939, he was known as what was called an isolationist. He believed the United States should minimize its political involvement with international affairs. He was fine with buying and selling, trading, but he argued to get involved in a political intrigue in europe, it simply was not caus costeffective. That was a lesson you learned from world war i. , which was a war he fought and. The United States has got in, three years into the warm, president Woodrow Wilson promised we would make the world safe for democracy. 20 years after that war, world war ii started. Vorys, the big lesson from world war i is we avoid that from the future. That was the lesson prior to world war ii. He gets a seat almost immediately on summit called the house fo Foreign Affairs committee which was not highly sought after. After world war ii, it would be the highly sought second most highly sousought committee. People thought he was getting a low percentage committee assignment. Well, within a few months after he begins his first congressional term, world war ii breaks out in europe, and suddenly the Foreign Affairs committee is in the middle of everything. One of the leading people on the house of representatives that led the fight against policies on president Franklin D Roosevelt that many people thought would inch the United States into world war ii. Congressd1930s, passed a series of laws neknown as neutrality laws which would keep the United States from blundering into another major european war. One of the laws was the embargo act. As soon as to nations went to war in europe, the United States would not sell arms or anything related to war to those countries. Asearly summer of 1939, just wet, was getting his feet there was a repeal. Vorys led the fight against that reveal. And won. To the astonishment of everybody. That is when the press, the New York Times, the coverage starts. Informal polln an by correspondents who covered congress as the outstanding freshman congressman for 1939. The attack on pearl harbor shook him up. It was not something he had foreseen. , very quickly, within just a few months after pearl harbor, vorys and some other conservative republicans start arguing that we have to begin to think about the postworld war ii period because they were confident in the long run that the United States and the allies would win. So, we have to begin thinking is the post for an war policy that would benefit the United States. The guiding principle was we inadvertently, we got involved wars, how do we prevent that from happening in their time . In 1943, he helped to sponsor a congressional resolution. It was after senator william fulbright. This was passed by congress in 1943. It advocated the United States joining some kind of International Organization either the wake of the water or right with the organized like the league of nations after world war i. You have this former thattionist who is arguing we need a new league of nations and the United States has to take the lead. The other big step that comes to mind is late in the war, as the medassets government starts thinking about how do we we constructio United States government starts thinking about how do we reconstruct europe . Vorys, as a member of the house Foreign Affairs committee, gets very involved in that postwar planning. After the war, in the late 1940s, vorys becomes in the house of representatives the most important republican advocate for things like the marshall plan, which was implemented in 1948. And helped to get western europe back in its feet economically. He was a very important advocate for membership in the nato. Nato. Theres a better way to put that. The cold war started right after the end of world warnato. Theres a better way to put that. The cold war started right after the end of world war ii. The Truman Administration adopts something called the truman octrine. I we were all around the world and vonato. Rys was a leading republican advocate for that they didnt have a lot in common politically when it came to domestic policy. On that, he was very important. It was a house of representatives version of the senator who underwent a similar conversion and became a powerful advocate for strong anticommunist Foreign Policy after world war ii. Vandenberg. D they often preferred on a daily important particular pieces of legislation where being considered. Vorys was the point guy for the Republican Party on those matters. Active and very influential retirement, i would argue, for five or six years after he retired. D. C. Once orto twice a year to testify before congressional committees. A number of sitting congressmen corresponded with him until the 1960s. Less about the last two or three life. Of liz his he talked at Ohio State University graduate courses. A voluminous correspondence but a correspondence with former colleagues and political leaders around the country, in particular newspaper folk. One of the interesting things about vorys, he was preregressive when it came to African American civil rights. He worked with the naacp in the 1940s. Rote a couple of antilynching bills and wrote a uld havet would about lou outlawed the poll tax. 1968, he was 72 years old. Yet been retired for some seven years. He suffered from emphysema. Was somewhat overweight and i think the accumulation of those to him. Inally caught up think the way we see the work of vorys when we think of conservatives today, we tend to think of them as very nationalistic, very flagwaving. They tend to be pretty aggressive in terms of american foreignpolicy. They tend to believe in american socialism. Think the way we see the work ofthat was not always the case with conservatives. Time before world war ii where conservatives tended to be reluctant to become involved in Foreign Affairs. Isolationism. It is a paradox. It is very different from what it was a couple of generations ago. I would compare it to something democratic and now mostly republican. One of those big shifts that you scratch your head and have to do some research to figure out. Globalism which comes from i guess it is a statement in microvision where i talk about vorys, the onetime isolationist who were so much about the United States becoming overextended, spending too much money, exhausting its resources. By the 1950s, he was advocating intervention virtually all of the world. He might have wanted to do that in the chip away. A cheaper way but the globalism caught up with him. John bidwell was one of the california pioneers. The earliest of the wagon trailer parties of overland pioneers who came from the frontier of the United States and blaze the california trail in 1841. Californiaorthern and sutters fort in november of 1941. Bidwell was born in upstate new york in 1819. His family moved around. They were frontier homesteaders. They moved from new york to pennsylvania and ohio. 20s, he left19 t ohio i went to iowa and missouri. He tried developing a claim in western missouri and gave up on that after a year or two and decided to go to california, still mexican territory. He helped organize what became a party. The great claim to fame is the first party of over landers of california. Bidwell got his first job working for john sutter at sutters fort. He learned firsthand californias rich potential of an Agricultural Producer and as a place to raise livestock. Erdserds of cattle and large wheatfields. And bidwell went to work for sutter and got some good whatejob training for would later become his own operation a few years later at rancho chico. 1846, when fremont and his small group of armed american explorers were moving up and down california, their presence in the state encouraged american settlers who were interested in separating from mexico, imitating the example of the texas rebellion of 1836, they, with fremonts encouragement, took action and seized the mexican garrison at sonoma, the northernmost mexican settlement. Then, they raised the flag. Bidwell did not participate in that revolt. He was still at sutters fort but word arrived that the rubble had taken place and bidwell left sutters fort and joined the rebels at sonoma and was active with that. From that point forward, the revolt was preempted when United States had gone to war with mexico. The bear flag rebels gave up their own independent rebellion and joined up with fremonts group and became part of the california battalion under fremonts command. Then, they ended up participating in the california phase of the mexican war. Participating in the american conquest of california. But, in the course of that, he did some exploring in the center mean sacramento valley. He helped other sellers locate and. North ofocess sacramento, he was familiar with chico crreek. And the chico area. He was very attracted to it and its potentials. Rush inng the gold 1848, 1849, bidwell did quite well and made quite a bit of money of mining gold in the Southern River area. What became known as bidwell farms. It was just north and east of oville which is now underneath the waters of the reservoir. In thee money he earned two seasons of mining in 1948 and 1949, he had enough money to buy the rancho chico property from the original miexico grant. That, process of locating bidwell came to admire the property and when he had enough money, he bought it. He relocated in the property and we developing what was one of the great model farms of late 19th century california. Decade, thefull settlement of chico were wondering the same thing one in the same thing. Ofwas located in the domain the tribe, a branch of the peoples who populated most of which is viewed county. Sites. D some village he reached an accommodation with them and it remained in rancho chico very close to the mansion itself. With hisided him initial labor force. They didnt provide all the labor of they remained a core part of their labor force throughout the entirety of john bidwells life. He never participated in the legalized system of legalized slavery. They were always wagered in rancho chico. In early 1860, he decided to lay which he plotted in part of his property south of chico. Reek on the opposite side out the town of rancho chico. Later on in the 1860s, he built a mansion. After he was elected to congress and while he was away before he left, he arranged to have a mansion built and the construction began in 1865 and lasted for three years and was completed in 1868. When he returned from d. C. , he returned to the mansion. Here also returned a married man. Has hadell mansion visitors throughout his life. She survived him by 18 years. She passed away in 1915. During that time, they hosted a lot of visiting dignitaries. Rutherford hayes was accompanied by the general sherman and they stayed at the Bidwell Mansion and they conducted them on a number of tours, including the famous cherokee hydraulic mining sites. I think that was probably the most famous visit. John was a close friend of the bidwells. He spent a number of visits with the bidwells. His most important and longlasting relationship, starting with his days in congress, was his close relationship with the department of agriculture. He was constantly being sent corresponding with officials of the usda. It was before the governmentsponsored or state department of agriculture. Constant instrumentation with different crops and on the that was introduced to california along with agricultural produce. The mainstay of the rancho was Wheat Production because californias Early Agricultural base was the production of wheat during the gold rush. Theroduced initially for booming domestic market of the gold rush and the gold rush population. Throughngly geared exports of great britain. California was one of the leading suppliers of wheat to the industrializing populations of great britain. The bulk of the wheat crop was sent every year in wooden sailing ships from San Francisco all the way back up the atlantic to liverpool, england. Inwell was a big participant what was known as the bonanza wheat era of california agriculture. Bidwell led the movement to transition california agriculture and so the more wheat, specialty crops that california became famous for, including the extreme irritation with oranges although they did not do that well in this part of the state as they did in southern california. He was an important pioneer of the almonds crop which is still a major crop in northern sacramento valley. Rancho chico was covered with a wide variety of fruitss of that produced and nuts crops. Passed away at the age of 80 in 1900. He was a strong and vigorous active man up until the end. He passed away as a result of a heart attack suffered when he was out clearing brush and chico. On rancho he remained very strong and physically active open to the end. A lot of visible legacies in chico of bidwells influence and his lifes work. The mansion, of course, stands as something as a monument to his work and his activity. It is really one of the finest architectural, is the work architecture in northern california. One of the best examples of villan made an italian architecture in northern california. Of course, an important part of his legacy is california State University chico. Bidwell was one of the cofounders of the university which began as the Northern Branch of the states Normal School in 1886. Agreed to locate the campus here. A lot of the decisions to locate the campus here had to do with his offer of land free to the state. He donated eight acres of fish orchard his orchard free of charge to the state of california. Donated eight acres of fish that offer help seal the deal and allowed chico to gain the campus at the expense of some rival communities in the hunt to house that campus. I would say john bidwells Lasting Legacy has been california agriculture. If you look at california today it is still the number one agricultural state in the union. It produces a rich variety of. Rops 250 different crops and Livestock Products produced by california and it has been the number one farm state and america since 1948. I think that legacy of rich agricultural diversity owes a lot to the work of john bidwell and what he accomplished here. If you look at the production of rancho chico, what was being done on this property really set the template for what became california in the 20th century as ian Agricultural Producer and remains in 21st century. Our visit to chico, california is a book tv exclusive. Which of the two each addition to cities tour. We have traveled to cities bring in the book seem to our viewers. You can learn more at cspan. Org citiestour. Cspan cities tour visit spreading, california saturday at noon eastern. California and fish game warden on his book the game morning sun. , watchingg my dad the tricks to be a good wildlife officer. Do not slam out of the door when you get out of the car. All these little things. I cannot wait until i got old enough and graduated from college. I wanted to be a fish and game warden. The writings forum. Of elementshe craft of fiction and after that, the craft of writing a memoir. Following up, a presentation on writing beyond her feet. Possiblet as broad as to touch on any potential writing interest. , itunday at 2 p. M. Eastern is the shasta dam. Is two thirds of a mile. It is 883 feet thick so it is thicker than it is tall. We really get an idea of how massive it, it is the shasta is. It is like a 60 Story Building weighing 16 million tons. That is saturday at noon eastern. Sunday at 2 p. M. On american workingtv on cspan3, with our cable affiliates and visiting cities across the country. A look at on cspan, president trumps foreignpolicy agenda in the first 100 days of his presidency. And then a discussion of longterm challenges of the individual Health Insurance pollocmarket. And then the future of the health care in the u. S. After the health law passed yesterday that would replace the Affordable Care act. Next, recent conference on president trumps first 100 days in office. This focus is on the president s foreignpolicy and how it compares to what was said during the 26th in campaign. Speakers included joel pollak former officials from the obama, reagan and clinton