>> as we begin, my dear friends, and suggest we be mindful of those who were also involved in the accident and their families. i have only one point i would like to make concerning senator ted stevens. that is to say that senator stevens was a man of god. there are certain circles that would find it rather surprising, if not difficult, to put god and a politician in the same sentence. [laughter] however, think about it. each of our senators and congressional delegates are challenged to love those whom they serve. certainly, if we think of the words of st. john the apostle, who wrote one of several of the letters of the new testament, he showed a pattern for linking the love of god with love of neighbor. he put it very simply and very straight. if you cannot love your neighbor, you cannot love god. the two are inseparable. the two are mutually demanding. if we could borrow a line from one of the ancient, one of the long ago broadway plays, they both go together. you cannot have one without the other. that is where the life of senator stevens takes a very special note. he understood that. not only that, he lived it, because he realized that his work in the senate was not going to be measured by appropriations and gifts end years, earmarked and all those things. rather, what he wanted for himself was to be known as one who loved his people. he certainly served them, but he also loved them. that is why i say he was a man of god. he loved his neighbor, and he loved gospel -- he loved god. as a saint john it tells us, that is the essence of the message of jesus christ. in the book of wisdom, there are a number of things that are said that are appropriate. the souls of the just are not going to suffer torment, forhe foolish seem to be dead. this seemed to see passing away as an affliction. even utter destruction. but the souls of the just are at peace. the hope of the dead is filled with immortality, chastised, but god found the more the. -- were the. -- worthy. as a sacrificial offering, he took his sufferings to himself. the faithful will abide in him. the book of revelation is an echo of the old testament. as john roach, iraq -- as john wrote, i heard a voice from heaven, a blessed are those who died in the lord. the spirit response, yes, they will rest from their labors because their works go with them. ted swed his love for god and for his neighbor. we have no hesitancy in entrusting him to almighty god. i would like to add one little notes. it might be called sort of a spiritual lobbying. we know that the lord will have no hesitancy in welcoming ted as one ofis own, but we do hope that the lord has a building big enough to accommodate all the good works that are going to go with him. the other point is, i am not sure how this fits, but if we can imagine that in heaven, they worked through committees -- [laughter] then all alaskans primarily would be asking that god put ted on the appropriations committee. [laughter] [applause] ted, on behalf of everyone here, i say simply that not only do we love you, but we sell beloved in new in your work and in you relationship with people. because of that, the lord will extend his arms of welcome to you. it will always be our prayer that we, in turn, will be able to go to the lord with the same confidence and a glove -- and love as we see today extended by the lord. >> the honorable lisa murkowski reading a legacy of dreams. >> alaska has lost a giant. we are gathering together across the state remember and celebrate all that ted stevens was to so many of us. but we learned -- when we learned of the tragic accidental, all across the state, people gathered together to share their stories of the life of ted stevens. to people in cordova gathered to get -- together in their neighborhood, all came into one house, sharing coffee, a watching brief runs but c-span -- watching reruns of c-span when he delivered his last floor speech. we have seen the big banners that eress the thanks to ted. i was flying down from fairbanks a few days ago and the flight attendant came over the intercom system and gave the most incredibly warm and beautiful impromptu tributes to said stevens -- to ted stevens to all of those who were assembled on that flight. just last evening, thousands of alaskans lined the streets in the rain and in the damp to stand with signs paying tribute to our senator. these alaskans were not just out to pay tribute or show respect for the office. alaskans across the state are out to express the honor for the man, the trip before the man, and truly the love for ted stevens. te was alaska. he just was alaska. he will be remembered for all that he built ihis state going as far back as statehood, whether it had to do with our fisheries, aviation safety, a telecommunications, rural health care, the military, all that he has done to build our state. they are legendary. his legacy, and his legacy rests not just with the infrastructure and the programs that he has created, but really that legacy rests with the lives that he touched. all those thousands and thousands of lives that he touched over the years. and we all have our ted stories. sometimes it was nothing more then, i shook his hand in the airport. he was famous for his handwritten notes expressing a condolence, congratulations. it was bill little things that ted had a passion -- it was the little things that ted had a passion for this land and thi people that he represented. he treated them not as constituents. he treated them as neighbors. he treated them as friends. that was returned. he helped raise so many young alaskans. he would see the talent and a young person and he would help to grow that. he would encourage that. as so many who are gathered here you have been touched in one way, shape, form by the life of ted stevens, by the hand of ted stevens, that will continue. it that will continue f dedes to come. it was through his example, through the life that he led to comment that he taught us about trust,oyalty. he taught us about tenacity and commitments. never, ever, ever giving up. he taught us about faith in god and faith in prayer and love for our country at all times. ted date so many -- ted gave so many the wings to fly. we see that in our state daily. just three weeks ago, we were gathered here in your church, and the question was asked, what are you looking forward to, ted? he said, spending that time with the grandkids. giving them those wings to fly. as important as ted stevens is to last is history, he was all about alaskas future. the legacy of dreams and the hope and confidence that he left alaskans surrounds all of us. to the family, to catherine, to each of you, we thank you for sharing this extraordinary man with each of us. on behalf of alaska and everywhere, we thank you and we love you, uncle ted. i ha been passed by the family to read a column entitled "to all legacy of the dreams." -- " a legacy of the dreams." i would leave a legacy of dreams to. the generation gap, igniting a fire i the youth and old alike. only the eternal flame spirit to light a path of change. i would leave a lacy of dreams that breed the best, a stalwart race of many free and fresh and kenya as the great north land, creating magic from the natural thing is at hand. i would leave a legacy of dreams, sculpture a realm of courtesy and respect, a joy in doing, a pride in workmanship were each might show an understanding compassion. i would leave a legacy of dreams that each might note his own, yet share and share in peace and amity shining the godless urged to do another anin. i would leave a legacy of dreams for all to reach beyond the bottom line of now, to wear green grasses grow says brightly for tomorrow. i would leave a legacy of dreams. >> would you sing with us, please? ♪ ["faith of our fathers"] >> thank you, and please be seated. our scripture reading today is 1psalm 1:21. he will not suffer thy foot to be moved. behold he that he did israel shall neither slumber nor sleep. the lord is thy keeper. the lord is thy shade upon thy right hand. the lord shall preserve thee from all evil. he shall preserve thy soul. the lord shall preserve thy going out and thy coming in for this time forth and even for ever more. the lord bless the reading of his word. at this time, we would like for our special guest speers to be escorted to the platform. >> ladies and gentlemen, we are honored here in alaska today to have the vice-president of the united states present, joe biden. >> thank you for the welcome. i am the one who was honored. i am honored to be asked to say a few words. i must really pinch myself to fully underand that i am privileged to speak on the floor of the u.s. senate. coming from the boy i had, could never have even dreamed of being here today. home is where the heart is, mr. president, that is so, i have two homes. one is right here in this chamber, the other one is in m beloved state of alaska. i must leave one to return to the other. nothing that i can think of describes your father better than that statement he made on the floor of the united states senate to. yo dad used to kid me about the fact that " a lot of irish politics. they think i called them because i'm irish. i do that because they're the best poets. [laughter] your dad had a lot in common with what of the irish poet said i have quoted free longtime, james joyce. james joyce once said, when i die, dublin will be written in my heart. i have no doubt, not a single doubt in my mind, that alaska is written in ted's heart. --'s heart is big enough there also written across the big heart. it never had to wonder what was in his heart. it was obvious to everyone who knew him. it was obvious to me the day i t him as a 29-year-old kid was just elected to the united states senate. i have said it before to my colleagues in the senate. i see some many loyal friends to ted out there. a significant portion of the money that belongs in delaware and new york and george--- and georgia resides right here in alaska. [laughter] [applause] i like to say that we did it willingly. [laughter] everyone of us to serve with ted -- and i served with ted for 37 years -- we all immediately knew what was in his heart. i have said it before and my colleaguesave heard me say this before. senator mansfield once told me, every man or woman that comes into the united states senate brings with them a piece of their state. everyone who goes there bring something of a piece of their state. ted stevens, unlike any other man or woman with whom i served, was his state. from the eerie silence of the tundra to the mountains piercing the sky to fierce independence combined with a strong sense of community all of you alaskans have, at these things more than describe alaska. they define a way of life. and no state has ever had been more fierce defender then -- of that state's way of life than ted stevens. he took such incredible pride in his family in this place. you and alaska took great pride ted as well and with good reason. from the valerie demonstrated in world war -- valor demonstrated in world war ii do is for decades in service to the people of alaska, there was one thing you could be certain of -- you could always count on ted stevens. whatever ted stevens said, whatever ted stevens gave you his hand, whenever ted stevens made a commitment, you could absolutely bet your life on the fact that he would keep the commitment. everyone also knows that ted friendship and support was not bounded by ideology. it had no bounds. nonehatsoever. when i came to the senate in 1973, i was 100 out of 100 in seniority. many of my colleagues, some of whom are here today, offered help to get me through a pretty tough time in my life. very few offered as warm of an embrace as the republican senator who i d never met in my life. he walked across the floor of the senate to my corner gas -- my corner desk and extended his hand and said, i want to get to know you. we want u to come to dinner. he was parked -- back in those days, we actually hung out with one another. we actually cared a lot about one another. it did not have anything to do with democrat or republican. that was part of a close-knit senate family within the senate family. that family took me into their family. i was reminding ted's daughter that when she was -- in 1973 at a dinner, because they use to once a month have dinner at one another's homes. they insisted that this 30 year- old lawyer -- well aware -- widower become part of that family. they were a life preserver during a difficult time. they werehere for me in 1973. we were all there for ted in 1978 when he lost and. -- anne. we began to rebuild our lives with katherine and joe. -- jill. no man deserves one great love in his life, let alone two. he and i share that distinction. we celebrated each other's joyous occasions, incding the birth of our daughters within weeks of one another. in the early days, we used to have birthdays together in the senate dining room. ted and died -- ted and i were bonded over shared similar tragedies and celebrated life's joys together. there are a lot of stories about his power as the united states senato when one strand runs through every single solitary thing i observed ted do in the 37 years and that was his word was his bond. his personal generosity was surprising in how quickly it was offered. one of the things i love most about ted is the pride he took in his family the people, the places, the things he loved the most. ted jr., i remember we were flying over the bering straits with your dad in a helicopter and he was pointing everything out. he pulled out a photograph that was five by seven. it was a picture of the guys standing on a deck of the boat that look like it was about to sink with a lobster claw and it was full of ice and it looked like it was going to sink. he held out and said, that is my ted. that is what he does. i do not know how many times i called ken -- i called him. my daughter just got a master's degree from the university of pennsylvania and she graduated with a 3.93. i call ted and told him. i said, and nobody has ever done that well. he said, we have. [laughter] i know more about all six of you than you want me to know. you know, one of the measures i apply to true friendship is if your friend is willing to share with you the things that he or she values most. d was a true friend. he shared with all of those who called him a friend all those things he valued. ted stevens probably and unapologetically did everything he could do to improve the lives of the citizens of his beloved alaska. in return, he is going to live on in the state's history, not only as a man who literally helped create this state, but the man who also built it into the great state has the,. your state legislature was absolutely right in naming him the alaskan of the century. i know of no united states senator who was ever been given such an honor. i think no habitat beyond beg a father and husband made more prop -- made tadmoproud. for its time back in the interior department when his office door said alaska headquarters to actually writing the alaska state act that president eisenhower signed in 1958, ted stevens was alaska. maybe that is why his closest friends in the senate is a man you are about to hear from. he is this -- he has a similar backgrnd. they both got their estates into the union. if ted had been japanese, they would have been brothers. war heroes, incredible similarities. incredible similarities. ladies and gentlemen, in the summer of 1899, edward henry harriman assembled a crew of 125 high-profile writers, artists, and scientist aboard a ship. their mission was to survey the alaskan coast. one of the men on board that ship was probably the second most important person in alaska history. he was one of the first to put the majesty of alaska into words and to place it in america's consciousness. i would like to share something that he wrote to and tt i find espeally fitting today. "a few minutes ago, every tree was excited, about an to the roaring storm, tossing the branches and glorious enthusiasm like worship. the to the outer ear, that these trees are now silent, their songs will never cease. the glorious enthusiasm of ted stevens may have gone silent to our adherent -- our culture year, but for all of us, especially with this crowd of a beautiful state, his song will never cease. my prayer to you, catherine, and the entire stephens family, is that his memory will soon bring a smile to your lips before it brings a tear to your eye. i pray that number will come sooner than later. from experience, i guarantee you that it will come. the people of alaska, i can say with absolute certainty without fear of contradiction, we shall not look upon his like again. i was proud to be his friend. >> thank you, mr. vice president. ladies and gentlemen, the honorae mitch mcconnell, minority leader of the united states senate, from kentucky. thank you for coming today. >> catherine, then, susan, bath, -- beth, walter, ted, lily, members of this magnificent stephens family, the vice-president, reverend clergy, senate colleagues, distinguished guests and friends, last week, american said goodbye to one of its great men. ted stevens was respected and revere in washington and throughout the lower 48 for his service to this country and as many legislative achievements and his legendary and gritgrit. ted colleagues inhe senate lost a dear friend and yes, even sometimes feared. it is obvious to everyone that the people of alaska lost something even more. one of the things you learn when you come here for the first time is that despite its size, alaska is a very small place. people know each other. everyone, everyone knew ted stevens. he is an omnipresent reality. from the airport here in anchorage to the remotest villages, attends contribution to alaska are as fast as the state itself. it is hard to imagine that any one man ever meant more than any one state then ted stevens. of course, it did not have to be that way. once he's been the a little time in washington, tune noticed that some senators with a double life. they can play one role in washington and another back in their home states. they can use their job in the senate as a platform to reach a national audience beyond their own constituents back home. and for four decades, ted stevens was a living, breathing antithesis to that approach. in his view, if it was not good for alaska, it was not good, period. [laughter] as a young man, netiquette baltic it tt 49 star on the flag. -- ted all tickets at 49th star on the plight. he helped to transform alaska into a modern state. he came to washington with a mission and he was faithful to that mission to the end. and every alaskan here and across the state should know that ted stevens devoted every day of his life, not to the promotion of himself, but to you. it took a lot of effort, but ted was clearly the rightan for the job. former chiefs of staff remembers being taken a back on his first trip to alaska with ted. when he showed up at ted's house to pick them up at 6:00 in the morning, he learned that had had arctic on to the briefing book he had been given the night before, read all the daily papers, and had already been on the phone to washington for a couple of hours. by the end of the trip, he said he needed a vacation for billing for two weeks what ted stevens d been doing for 39 years. ted would say that he worked so hard because there was always so much work to do. alaskans did not have the benefit of centuries of infrastructure and development. and he did everything he could to make sure the rest of his colleagues knew about it, first hand. most lawmakers in washington, when you meet them for the first time, they might invite you to join them for dinner somewhere around town. ted stevens invited you to alaska. he wanted us to appreciate the unique challenges that people who lived here face every day in and every day out. and i can assure you -- turning down an invitation to alaska from ted stevens was not recommended. [laughter] in fact, an entire generation of federal officials and lawmakers trekked up. ted stevens -- trekked up here to ted stevens' invitation. they were impressed by the magnificencef the scenery and just how much of alaska as progress is the direct result of this remarkable man. he poured himse into this place, treating it like one of his children. and to the peoplof alaska, i assure you, uncle ted. whatever it took to make sure that your concerns were known and that -- uncle ted did whatever it took to make sure that your concerns were known and met. it was a privilege discern -- to serve alongside him in the senate. we missed him for the past two years and we agreed with -- ive with the stevens family. his legacy will last as long as the flag is flown. >> thank you, senator mcconnell. ladies and gentlemen, i am happy to present to you the honorable daniel k. in a way -- inouye. he is the senator from hawaii. >> my dear friends, we arrived in anchorage last evening after a six-hour journey from allied -- all white. i must say that it was a sad journe. the plane was quiet. believe it or not, no one drank. there were no movies. just whispers. because we for all: to anchorage -- we were all going to anchorage to say goodbye to a friend. yes, this is a time of mor urning. we mourn for katherine who lost her husband, a great man, a great companion. we mourn for your children who got all love you dearly, he stooup for you time and time again, bravely, to protect un defend you. yes, he was a big bother, a good father. father, a goodt father. he told me once, he was glad that i was a grandfather. he was the old as grandfather in the not a state senate. [laughter] he said that he was loong for to several more. so, girls -- [laughter] keep in mind. this is a time of mourning, but it is also a time of reflection and celebration. many words have been spoken, printed, written about ted. they have reminded us of that tragic year, 1978, when he lost his beloved ann. when i saw him, he said why ann and not me? he was ready to give up but he realized he had a duty to carry out. so he stuck on. thank god. that has reminded us -- when we all knew it, he was not guilty and he was vindicated, cleared of all charges. [applause] well, much has been said about his going to harvard, becoming a lawyer, and he served in california. i like t share with you a few personal footnotes. i do not know if you remember this, but ted was sworn and of december 24, 1978. christmas eve. he was a christmas gift to alaska. [laughter] in many ways, he was. i call them up and said, let's get together. and we did. and we sensed that we had many things in common. we served in world war ii, halfway around the world. he loved veterans, he loved the military. then we were representing territories which were appendages to the nation. we were the forgotten people. did you know that it was cheaper to call tokyo from honolulu? it was cheaper to call beijing from anchorage? yes, we were considered not only foreign. we did something about it. [laughter] [applause] then one day, he called me up and said, i want to see you. so i got to his office. and he said, there is a lot of oil improve obey -- in prudhoe bay. we have to figure out a way to get it down here so we can sell it. i said, how do you propo to do it? he said, i am going to build a pipeline. i said, youre nuts. [laughter] you know what happened? when the oil began flowing through the pipe, it gave off frtion. if he did that area, the snow melted, grass grew 12 months a year, the elk came by to eat, and they loved it. and now the elfl flock is five times what it was before the pipeline. for some reason, he always invited me to go on his congressional delegations to other parts of the world. but he always picked those that somehow members sort of round upon. they could not take their wives, there were no shopping places, anything like that. for example, we were one of the first ones to go to afghanistan and iraq. it was so early, we stayed in tents. when we got there, it was dark -- no lights. this was a combat zone. and so i inquired, like all men should, where is the men's room? we are in a tent. and so the colonel said, go down here, turn right, turn left, turn right, and turn right. and it was about two city blocks. [laughter] i let it ted and said, what are you going to do? [laughter] well, you got the answer. [laughter] as the vice president and senator mitch indicated, his work was good. his word was absolutely dead. you could take it to a bank. -- his word was absolutely good. you could take it to a bank. and he was also a tenacious. he called me one day and said, i want you to come to alaska and see the natives. which we did. and as a result of that trip to gather -- to gather, wheat conjured up all kinds of things, not just schools and hospitals and clinics and roads, but other things. for example, at that time if you lived out in the village, there were no roads, and you could not fly in. but the village usually had a nurse. they needed a way to communicate somehow. ted and i began this high-tech business, it was from that trip. now it is commonplace all over the place. ted was that type of person but soon after the vietnam war, when the cotry was divided, with soldiers returning from the front who literally had to sneak in at night because there were no welcoming bands and parades. the country responded by saying, from now on we will have only volunteers, no drafts. and ted said, if a man or woman is willing to put on t uniform and stand in harm's way and risked death to defend me, to protect me, i am going to do everything possible to be of help so that they can come home to their loved ones, to their wives, their sweethearts, to their sons and daughters. and i hope you will join me. that is the kind of fellow he was. the veterans of america -- [applause] the veterans of ameca, the military family of america, lost a good friend. but there are many of us here who will do our damnedest to carry on his work. i have so many things in my heart i would like to share with you, but as a result of our relationship and trust, friendship, me -- we will make the word bipartisan become real. real. and as you look around here among his colleagues, former colleagues, you will see a lot of democrats. the vice-president is democratic. yes. [laughter] [applause] no, unlike this audience. -- you know, i like this audience. you understand doubletalk. [laughter] as a result of this friendship, we came aoss this legislative process that we call congressiona initiative. for those who want to be negative about it, they call it earmarks. ted was the grandfather of earmarks. [lghter] and you can thank him for that. [applause] on march 9, 2005 ted gave an interview to the vfw, and this is wha he had to say. i would like to close with these words. and i quote, as a young boy growing up in california, my dream was to become a pilot. during world war ii, that dream became true when i flew in the army air corps and supported the air force in china. those of us who served in world war ii have been called the greatest generation. those of us who answered the call to service to what we call it the work on war -- the forgotten war, there are a few of us left. but as we see the heroism and reverie of those who served in our armed forces today, we know that they are truly our greatest generation. it takes an extraordinary person to do the job asked of the men and women ithe military today. the world is a dangerous place, and this is a new era with new threats and determined enemies. our men and women in uniform preserve our freedom abroad. as a veteran, i salute them. this nation owes a great debt to them. and to every american who has served. farewell, friend. we will never forget you. [applause] ♪ [instrumental >> senator ted stevens, dead at he served the people of alaska an senator in history. still to come on c-span, remarks landrieu, on the sake of the city five years after hurricane katrina. mbe.g director of the national v' center looks at ñvñi was a bore act that is currently stalled in committee. = -- one of the things i regret of that political and rhetorical life is that every major figure from the president on down is merely reading what somebody else in some committee has produced. terzian wrote speeches for cyrus vance, wrote ksident and architect of power and is editor of the "weekly standard." @jg was shares insights on c-span's q&a. mayor michel andrew on the state katrina. ápí4wp bp oil rig explosion and urged administration officials to continue to monitor the situation in the gulf. hosted by the national press club, this is an hour. >> for more information about the press club, please visit our on behalf of our members worldwide, i would like to welcome our speaker and attendees at today's events, which includes guests of our speaker as well as working journalists. many audience questions as time permits. i would now like to introduce our head table guests. from your right, frank snellings, a realtor with cold of anchor and a special guest of our speaker. larry guthrie, a librarian and club. glenn marcus, a writer and alenn marcus, a writer and also a club member. from green wire. senator marya\÷g99jek sister of our speaker. [applause] have andrew schneider, chairman he moment, we have a rer for the usa today, the immediate past president of the national press club and the club member who organized today's luncheon. thank you, donna. if jane campbell, chief of staff ford center landrieu. #é-u p(orc bureau chief of the salt lake tribune. detrice martel gader, a member of the national press club from new orleans. [applause] >> hurricane katrina is the devastation was immense. much of the population fled to never return. pull together one of america's great 8jñcities, 55 years later new orleans still grapples with this trauma, with each success tempered by living challenges ahead. our speaker today, a two-time lieutenant governor of louisiana, took office as mayor of new orleans in may, to leave the city out of luck. db(g?dud-ikhe inhere investigation of the police department for civil rights a -- an oil spill off the coastline. >> but the extraordinary thing about new orleans public schools is the results. test scores have risen markedly for the last three years. new orleans is creating solutions not only in criminal justice and education, but alsok for health care. federal health care reform is to usher in a new national primary care network exactly like the ones currently operating in the city of new orleans. today, more than 8700 health clinics provide primary care to more than 292,000 residents. city. the master plan for the surrounding neighborhood includes middle schools and high schools and early child of learning centers. and recreation facilities, libraries to laugh off playgrounds, retail and green space. the operators, from hotel workers tora waiters, from crae operators to tour bus operators it just keeps going and going and going. the bad economy has already heard local government with the revenue. teachers, public servants and firemen are already affected by 3skthis cascading and far reachg crisis. our entire way of-mú life and culture is threatened and everyone knows what is at stake. it is true that bp has finally capped the whole and the immediate mission is clear. capture the oil, clear the coast, compensate those that have been impacted. but here this, america, bp and beginning of the end. it is not. we have no confidence in the claims that much of the oil is gone. in fact, a study released on tuesday found that 70% of the oil remains in the ecosystem. this is the beginning of the beginning. this disaster is yet another defining moment for the country and for new orleans. we must reflect on the past and work. 0#-- a new course for word. before the bp catastrophe, america's wetlands for already @vk"tfor ala coast has been slashed and burned. since 1930, over 1900 square miles of wetlands have been lost. the area lost is the same size as the metro areas of washington d.c., houston, new york, atlantajúf(, denver, and los as combined. every year, 15,300 acres of coast evaporates into the gulf. that is the same as losing the national mall of 100 times over and over and over again. by the time[zmg i finish this speech, another acre of america will have disappeared. we are committing coastal suicide. and we are weakening our country. 1)h destruction of louisiana wetlands is a direct result of human action, not mother nature. over the past 70 years, levy and dam construction in the plains states have stopped the natural flow of river, the positing sediments that build up marshes and estuaries. farming from illinois and elsewhere create a noxious gas down the mississippi river. it creates a dead zone in the gulf that is anr( astounding 770 square miles, larger than the size of the state of connecticut. most damaging, though, are the oil companies 10,000 miles of canals and pipelines that snake through the marshes and bring oil and gas to the offshore refineries and bring energy to all the people in this country. the dredging for pipelines and canals allows salt water from the gulf'>ñ to flood and boys in the wetlands. := they can see the land that has disappeared. islands vanish. rows of trees are submerged. homes and to our communities. it seems to have happened so quickly, but really, it was generations in the making. the bp catastrophe has accelerated the destruction and quá awareness of howuction and close to the brink we really are. x÷t÷thomas picayune coastal exp, bob marshall, said that with 200 million gallons of oil in the gulf, "arco's is like a cancer patient that has come down with -- our coast is like a cancer patient has come down with pneumonia, and ammonia is serious, but after the fever breaks, he will still have had cancer." point and squandered the opportunity to make lasting changes to save our home and to. the people of the gulf coast face this reality every day. and the rest of the nation needs to start supporting projects that can protect what/9ñ,ñ is we left. louisiana's coast. because in a measurable way, the strength of the nation's economy depends on it. the u.s. economy is intimately for decades we have been the tip of the spear in this nation's fight for our economic, energy, and national security. every year,78qá louisiana provis america with more oil and gas then this nation imports from saudi arabia. americans consume 21 million barrels of oil a day, only 8 million is produced domestically. 25% of that comes from the gulf of mexico. not to mention, louisiana is also home to five of the nation's top 15 busiest ports. if we are the gateway for the nation's goods, with 400 million tons of cargo moved up the river to the heartland. and let us not take for granted hoe to the second largest fishing industry tokv love -- long-term sustainability, we are robbing resources from future generations. decorate -- decades of backroom deals have left the coast defiled. poor decisions by state and local governments have added to its demise. the federal government is taking billions of(7cçlars of revenue from our shores and redistributing it to other parts of the country. national environmental groups cluster on the east and west coast, leaving local environment " -- groups on the gulf coast to fend for themselves. at the same time, bp has been incredibly irresponsible and negligent. they have arguably the worst !áumqie9 no plan for capping the well for capturing the oil is a blowout failed. -- a blowout preventer failed. they just want to have their life back, as if it were our fault. and once bp is finished 8®6 worth, shirking their they are poised to cut and run. throughout their $50 million advertising campaign, bp vows < but their words do not make -- match their actions. ifkt bp wanted to restore their reputation and involved -- invest in the gulf committee, bp would act quickly, not slowly. it would move their regional headquarters to new orleans, laid down roots in the committee, compensate everyone th a seafood and tourism markets and it would not have taken them over 100 days to begrudgingly and only partially fund mental health initiatives for a community suffering up and down the coast. ) respondeo urgent request for economic aid for the victims. instead, their actions are of a company that is not truly sorry and is not willing to forge a new path. companies whose corporate culture today seems to be focused on share prices and limiting liability, not by corporate morality of stay and invest. that is a shame. bp can redeem themselves and actually make things right, but they must act now. we welcome and encourage them to do so. but louisiana of refuses to be used, toe$uú be abused, and to e thrown away any longer. it is time to change course, innovate, adapt, and hope for a better future. but hope is no suba plan. in the short term, we must lift the moratorium on deepwater drilling. it is, in fact, possible to drill$]ej9 = protect our environment. energy consumption continues to rise. but americans do notnh;f9qq=6 c3 drill in alaska, off the coast of florida come off of the -- the east coast or california, or buy from foreign dictators. as we aggressively pursue viable alternative formsñd of energy today, we cannot rely on hydrogen fuel cells, wind, solar, or biofuels alone. a/pjcarbon renewable energy sos can only fulfil 7% of our daily demand. we must drill safely and securely in a way that sustains our energyl0÷dds, restores our coast, and provides us a bridge to the future. just this past week, played dynamics announced the creation of a wind turbine factory that will create 600 new green jobs in new orleans. we are in the business of providing every type of energy. and this is perfectly reasonable. it is not a zero sum game. we are not limited to drill, drilling for ever. r@n÷we must drill and restore. and we know how to restore our coast. we know the importance of land building divergence and sediment pumping systems. some of÷r the country's best mis have dedicated their lives to solving this problem. we have a way. now we need the will and now w*q resources. according to the clean water act, the federal government can find bp up to $21 billion. the lion's share of those funds should go to the people of the gulf coast to restore the damage done. oil royalties, which must be dedicated to restoring the coast. !yshowever, the revenue sharings not going to affect until 2017. knowingt7$ñ this, center landriu has introduced the respond act, which should be passed immediately. but the entire economy has had a huge impact on the coast and must maintain its part in ucdrestoring the parts it uses. storage is mnjzt(j -- stored shift is as old as the country itself and should be renewed. protect and serve the coast. the oil-producing nations have already set this precedent. how ironic that england,-"v the corporate home of vp, diggs 50% of revenue of the top from oil and gas profits. nigeria takes 85%. the federal government's take of it pales in comparison to other countries. fann that restoring the land we destroyed. increasing royalties would produce billions in funding and maintain our global competitive and that -- advantage. fast tracking respond revenue the payments, through these, the gulf coast would finally have the funds necessary9ouhñ to stat vl+restoring wetlands and enabe another generation to benefit from our natural resources. this is not a partisan issue that divides us. drilling. we must preserve and protect what is we have left. president theodore roosevelt, a hero to both the left and right, set the course when he wrote, "is not what we have that will make us a great nation. isa2mhñ the way in which we use" it is time to stop exploiting our resources in a way that is economically hypocritical. it is environmentally ignorant and morally wrong. its resources, if delta region, its food and recreation, its culture, now and forever. of life. so now, we have come full circle. d8katrina al catastrophe, two sides of the same coin, they're both man-made disasters. they both could have been avoided. ofcthe restoration of our coast m show the world how the 0áegovernment, businesses and people acting in&[g concert can protect the gulf coast and turnpike -- turn crisis into opportunity, frustration into motivation, tragedy into triumph. as we protect our coast, we will simultaneously protect all that we have built and hold the air landscape, creighton better schools, preventative housingchools, preventative 0-u'rárpár+e sustainable energy. l?we will do even better. imagine a new orleans that iscbf the center of a diversified, interdepen8xr121st century knowledge based economy, creating thousands of jobs and billions in economic revenue. our children and grandchildren will work in the gulf, but they will design turbines for hydroelectric power, invent new ways to prevent tidal flow to restore our and estuaries, the experiment with cutting edge ways to produce while fuel from algae and create world-class flood control devices. ??oñthisyq:g moment will definet century. we cannot afford to fail. the challenge has been laid before us. it will test our resolve the world is watching to sf america can still do great things. but we have been here before. çwe have faced challenges as overcome. again and again, our will has been tested and if god is willing, and the creek don't t, we will find a way, or we will make one. thank you very much. [applause] >> and thank you for taking time out of your!ñ busy schedule and coming up here to address the national press club. we have no shortage of questions for you today. several of them dealt with outlook and reports on tourism. region and have you seen any drop-off in bookings since the bp oil spill? >> thank you very much, and i appreciate again so much being invited to be witho,@s you. a couple of comments. to put in combat -- context, opposed september 11, because new orleans is a tourism economy -- after september 11, because new orlm economy, it dropped off considerably. it was just getting back to where it needed to be before the bp oil spill. originally, because of the with the storm came in from katrina, a lot of the infrastructure for tourism was damage, but what happened was a lot of people did not both conventions. anyone in that industry knows thatqyç you both them three, fo, all of the coverage on the tv made people around north america think that tree for was still under water for a very long time. is in the north part of the state and never got -hit friday -- hit by the storm. f) lot of people stopped traveling and there are a lot of booking conventions. basically, on the national level because of what you saw in florida and mississippi, a lot of folks were hurt very badly. we are in the process of to the detail identify what that was. we expect to have numbers next year of #seven down somewhere 46 c13 oasñ-- next year to see numberst went down somewhereñ between 12% and 16%. it isd/ important note and as president obama showed us the other day, the seafood is saved and is edible. if you can have a wonderful time on them gulf coast today. you should come out and enjoy öziyourself. >> in general, how badly that is why the senator and governor had been pushing very hard to identify a very specific ways of how to drill safely. the consequences are dramatic. ken feinberg will take over the claims process on monday. i believe that you will begin to see the direct effect. it is going to last a very long time. as i said, this is not the beginning of the end, this is the beginning of the beginning. >> will you be meeting with president obama and what issues will you raise? >> the president has announced that he is coming to new orleans next sunday. we are thrilled by that. as i said during the speech, president obama and his top- level staff has been fantastic. he and i had a difference about the moratorium. everybody in louisiana supports the concept that we should deal with that with a scalpel, not a hammer. we believe we can get back to drilling safety. it is critically important for the rest of the country to know that it can be done safely. we have worked hard in the last couple of months. i will thank him. i will ask him to continue to work for us. we will politely discuss the moratorium issue while he is there. >> this questionnaire takes note of the "delicious gulf coast schramm -- shrimp." the question is, how safe is seafood from the gulf? [laughter] first of all, this trip was great. -- the shrimp was great. the seafood is safe. it is the most detested seafood in the world. ironically, people are importing from other places that do not have seafood testing at all. we have a very robust testing program. notwithstanding how many times you say it, yet to prove it over and over again. that you do not have a complete and total baseline, people do not believe you have the power of marketing. governments and people cannot compete with the images that you put in your paper and on the video screens. if you open up every show with a picture of the oil bubbling out of the gulf, that is what people see and hear. seafood testing, financing it, and having a robust testing program on the state, federal, and local levels or critically important. the fact is the seafood is safe. it is edible. new orleans is a great place to come and visit. >> if the audience breves a sigh of relief. >> we have questions about political relations in louisiana. giving your governor's resistance to federal intervention, how does that affect what you are doing for new orleans? [laughter] >> are you serious? ok. here is the thing. i served as lieutenant governor with governor general. we had a wonderful working relationship. we do not think alike. one of the things that we have talked a lot about is that we are hard on the problem and soft on the person when we disagree. we disagreed about his unwillingness to receive funds for high-speed rail. i thought that was a mistake. i also thought it was a mistake not to receive stimulus dollars. i want more of it, not less. that is when i was lieutenant governor. as mayor of new orleans, where the difficulties we have is the relationship with washington, d.c. the united states conference ended this many years ago, there used to be a way to go directly to the city hall rather than the state house. that has changed. there are policy implications when governors and mayors do not agree with what they should be pursuing. this is a major issue across the country. you can understand how it complicates matters if the governor once or doesn't want things differently. it is an interesting-you have to do when you come to washington and say that as far as the states that is true, but as for the cities are concerned, we are glad the federal government is beginning to invest in new orleans. the government has to stop seeing cities as individual entities that do not have anything to do with the entire body politic. cities are pollack -- cities are partners with each other. all of us -- hence the part of the speech where you stop seeing your lens as this place you can visit and hide every now and then. it is a major economic engine that has a lot to do with your economic and national security. the rest of the international community sees this as well. we have heard people who are our friends and allies say, "what is america preached how to build a not hurt -- how to build a democracy abroad ?" we have been a party to speak on international issues, as well. it infrastructure projects are a major funding issues. new orleans was to continue to be a great partner. thank you. >> given that you had been a two-time the to and the governor and a mayor, at what point would you have an interest in the java?nor jindal's >> i love my job. i just got here for goodness sakes. [laughter] if oil pipelines are such a big problem, why is louisiana's political establishment so supportive of oil companies? >> that is an excellent point. this is hard for the nation to understand. as i said in my speech, all of us are guilty in terms of how he have taken resources out of the ground and not restore the ground. a lot of it has to do with being able to eat. not having the wisdom or the strength to say, "you can drill, but you have to restore." we have gotten better over the years through regulation -- every regulation that is in the book that needs to be measured appropriately. we have got to the point where it has become obvious that you have to restore the land. you are on an unsustainable path going forward if you do not. we have to change course on the federal side, on the state side, and all the local site. national groups have skirted past louisiana, in my opinion. it does not work anymore. we have to change. the good part about that is that we actually know how to do it. on top of that, it is not something that america is doing alone. it happens all over the world. we are not at a competitive disadvantage is if we are in an international market. but we find a new way, we really do not have much choice. the point is to get started. and -- we cannot get into the zero-sum game of whether to drill or not to drill at all. we are smarter than that. we have to find a better way. >> government planners say that parts of the city are so far below sea level that they should not be rebuilt. it is it your intention to rebuild those neighborhoods? >> i hate to tell you this because people think you get the gas from the pop, but we are not the only ones who live below sea level in the country. we hear that argument all the time. people start of the premise that if you live below sea level you should not be able to live there. if you actually look at the studies that have been done and you ask which cd in total almost a vulnerable, by any fits right up there york is right next to it. we are actually fifth. you do not want to have that debate. from that perspective, the question is is it possible to design a protection system that actually protects us? shame us all -- shame on us if we cannot do that. we should. we have heard many times after the storm questions that no other place in america gets. florida was hit with were storms a year. not a congressman or a senator that i can recall from anyplace else stood up and said, "you should not rebuild as condominiums on the beaches of florida." it is a curious question to us, if i might be a little bit defensive -- go ahead. tell mom i am on it. the answer to the question is this -- if the country fulfills its obligations to fulfill its on selfish economic interest and energy concerns, you will rebuild the coast. if you rebuild the coast and satisfy your own selfish economic, security concerns by making mississippi work the right way, if you do those things and you may be led these the way you're supposed to make them and design them the way they are supposed to be designed and then we do our job with building codes, new orleans is as safe as any place in the world. i think i have said that new orleans is a wonderful place to visit. [laughter] >> how would you grade the corps of engineers efforts? is the more they should or could be doing? >> this is an excellent question. i want to answer or in two dimensions. it is important to note that the corps of engineers is a military organization. right? as such, they will only answer the question that is asked of them. are you with me? ok. the commander in chief says to them, "can you tell me how much it will cost and how long it will take to build those levies two category three strength said the city of new orleans is protected more than it was before katrina?" they answered that question. they finally got up and got on it and get a really good job of for applying the levees in and around new orleans consistent with what the federal government and congress funded. is that a fair statement? now, having said that, it is not fair to say that the city of new orleans and the levees that protect this country are insufficient to protect us from what we already know is coming our way. let's be clear about this. for whatever reasons, everybody has their own theories about why it is happening. the storms are coming more frequently, they are moving slower. they are bigger. they are more vicious. it is more likely than not that more category five storms are coming. it is not fair to say that the country has done it's job in providing the resources necessary for the court to action date -- to execute. how much money will it cost to build a category five led the protection, including -- category five led the -- category five levee protection. you will not be able to say that the city of new orleans is as protected as it should be. >> what do you need to do to facilitate bringing more people back to new orleans? there was a young man here from utah. i was telling him how much i really loved you tell. when you look at all of utah's statistics, they are fabulous. if you want to look get really good health, the to utah. the way you start is an important point. new orleans is starting in a difficult place, but i think it is fair to say that in every urban center in america -- and this is certainly true about new orleans -- safety is the most important issue. we just talked about security from man-made or natural disasters. rebuilding because, for by the levies, making the building codes right -- this citizens feeling safe on the city of new orleans is very important. there are two wonderful people who have joined us that are helping with that. our police department is supposed to protect and serve. it these to get much better. we did a natural -- a national search for a new police chief. he was the head of police in the state of washington. we went to nashville. he is helping us reorganize the new orleans police department. simultaneously, we are very aware that you cannot arrest your way out of the complicated problems that are happening on the streets of american cities. the rate of violence and the cultural of debt is unnatural. we act in this country as if this is something we need to accept. it has not always been this way. we need to get on the front of recreation programs, great schools, after-school programs, -- if we can do those things, people will flock to the city of new orleans because it is a glorious place. it is one of the great places that the world has to offer. there is no other place that has as authentic are unique a culture that celebrates the joy of life, food, family. it is a spectacular place and it needs to be rebuilt, not just for us, but for the country as well. >> can you update us on the federal review of the new orleans police department? what you think the department cannot reform without federal intervention? >> yes, i can. on behalf of the attorney general, i thank you so much. you do not always get to choose what you inherit. i think all of you have seen a lot of the reports about the activity in and out of the police department. i think the justice department will come in anyway. at least they thought they were. i came into a system that had been cooking for a long period of time. the conflict that faced me was it keepers that back -- i am the new mayor. i do not want anybody to tell me how to do my business. you have to take a real hard look and speak the truth. yet heard me say this. i gave a speech the other day called "eyes wide open." smart people will do what is necessary to get out of form's way. it is time for new orleans to see that. we have many wonderful things that we can brag about. there is no reason to brag about things that are not so good. i made the determination that it would be better to end by the department of justice into a partnership with me and put the weight of the mayor's office behind this. what did i do this? i do this because i talk to a lot of mayors who know more about running cities than i do. i talked to my ear bloomberg. i talk to mayor daley. i talk to the mayor of pittsburgh. i talked to the people in los angeles. all of them advised me that it is much better if the mayor supports a partnership because you can get so much more done. i had a great conversation with the president's staff. i had a great conversation with the attorney general. we agreed that we would be committed to fixing that department together. we think it is a much wiser approach than the oppressed that has taken place over the years. the department of justice has been in new orleans for the most part every day. we have reorganized the structure of the department. we hired two new civilians to become deputy chiefs. one is 4.3. she is now, as a lawyer, the head of the public integrity unit in the department. that is quite a monumental change. subsequent to that, i ordered the inspector general and the police monarch -- police water into the document -- into the department. there are some wonderful men and women that work there. however, the department has lost its way. it he asked whether or not he would give credence to a police officer's testimony and they say no, that is when you know you have a real problem. this is one thing that i am certain is going to happen during the next couple of years. i am very appreciative of the work. i think it is one of our first priorities. >> can you briefly elaborate on how the bus cuts in your city has affected delivery to the citizens? >> i found out that we have $12 million in cuts that we have to make. we have a $79 million hole in the budget. that is a big hole. in terms of size and scale. those of you who covered national stories, d.c. big numbers rolling out of california and new york. they are all relative. our budget is around $460 million. you have to double it in terms of its complete and total impact. on top of that, the city of new orleans, like most other its political subdivisions, have a balanced-budget commitment. you may be able to find a couple of things, but for the most part you have to hit your numbers. we have to make some fairly dramatic cuts. we have done that. it has resulted in me and to order 14 furlough days for city >> it's an overall 10% pay cut to a system of employees that don't make a significant amount of money. one of the things we have to do that we thought did not hurt public service so much was the usage of overtime, which evidently is used in a bunch of creative ways in municipal governments these days. we think that by reorganizing how the police department over time, the further berman and everybody else, we could actually reduce it significantly just by better management practices. we have aggressively renegotiated a number of contracts that have been signed over the past eight years where folks for getting way too much money for the service they were delivering. we have save significant money while we were doing that. we think we have dodge a bullet. it always hurts when you make those kind of dramatic cuts. we have to right size government because we cannot spend more money than we take in, at least on the local level. we are going to continue to do that. >> we are almost out of time. thanks again for taking the time to speak with us today. we have a couple of important matters to take care of. first, to remind our members and guests of future speakers. on september 1, dr. cristina roemer will address the extraordinary challenges of policy actions of the first 20 months of the obama administration. odds and timber 13, rev. -- on september 13, we will discuss eliminating hunger, the people in congress. on september 30, john corning and senator robert menendez will talk about the elections. we would like to present our guest with the traditional and coveted national press club mug. >> i am supposed to hold it up, right? [applause] >> now, for our final question. a topic he made allusions to today. has been a big national story the last couple of days. probably one of the biggest threats to the hopes and aspirations of new orleans today. i am speaking of course of minnesota vikings quarterback brett favre. he has announced that he is not retiring, again, yesterday, and on september 9 will be lining up as center against the new orleans saints in a rematch of last year's change of title game. my completely unbiased question would be, how will the states handle in their super bowl quest the rigging offense, the stifling pass rush, and the dominating defense of the minnesota vikings on the rematch in september? >> i am going to answer that question with the question. is he really going to show up and play? sadly, i will just say 24-3. [applause] >> thank you for that prognostication, and thank you for coming today. [applause] we were also like to thank the national press club staff including its library and broadcast operations center for organizing today's event, and once again, a shout out for the gulf coast shrimp. for more information on joining the national press club and how to acquire a copy of today's program, please go to our website. thank you once again to the mayor, the senator, and to all our guest today. this meeting of the national press club is adjourned. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2010] >> sunday on "newsmakers," edward markey talks about the gulf of mexico oil spill and its impact on energy policy. that is sunday at 10:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. eastern, here on c- span. >> here is our schedule. next, former secretaries of state george shultz and madeleine albright talked about challenges they faced in their former position. after that, wheatley addresses with president obama a white congressman charles djou. later, the funeral service for former alaska senator ted stevens, who died earlier this month in a plane crash. >> i am not saying senator mitchell's report is entirely wrong. i am saying the statements about me are wrong. let me be clear. i have never taken steroids or hgh. >> with roger clemens indictment for falsely testifying, but back and watch on the c-span video library, all free. every program since 1987. watch what you want, when you want. >> last month, former secretaries of state george shultz and madeleine albright talked about challenges they faced in their former position. there were interviewed by former state department correspondent marvin kalb at this event, hosted by the commonwealth club and said francisco. it is a little more than an hour. >> i am pleased to introduce our program moderator for this evening, mr. marvin kalb. he has had distinguished 30-year broadcast career working for both cbs news and nbc news, where he served as chief diplomatic correspondent. also as moscow bureau chief and moderator of "meet the press." he was a founding director at the kennedy school of government at harvard university. he is currently a writer in residence at the u.s. institute of peace. he is a presidential fellow at the george washington university, as well as edward r. murrow professor emeritus at harvard's kennedy school of government. please welcome our moderator, marvin kalb. [applause] both have served as secretary of state, all right with president clinton and jewels with president reagan. our conversation tonight will focus on war and peace building. rarely in american history have we been confronted with so many daunting challenges, not only the economic challenges which are daunting enough, but in addition to wars in iraq and afghanistan, the threats of global terrorism, nuclear proliferation, and climate change. there are flickering as of good news. the communications revolution is barring political hold around the world, we'll all remember what happened in iran last summer. there are organizations such as the united states institute of peace, which is actually trying to turn these folks return these hopes into realities. what is realistic, what is possible, what should our priorities be at this crucial moment in our history? who better to ask and secretaries of state george shultz and madeleine albright. secretary shultz served in both the nixon and reagan administrations, with nixon as secretary of labor and with reagan as secretary of state. he played a key role in framing of foreign policy that led ultimately to the end of the cold war. a ph.d. industrial economics, he has six served at mit and stanford. secretary of wright served in the carter and clinton administrations. she was un ambassador and as the first woman to serve as secretary of state. a ph.d. in public law and government, she teaches at georgetown and chairs a global strategy investment firm. you have all noticed, no doubt, that she also worked for republican -- schultz work for a republican president and albright for a democratic president. we are trying to balance the ticket. something,t know there is a little club of former secretaries of state. >> i am going to start by assuming you are both back in government, and therefore back in power, but that is not necessarily so. what would be your absolute overriding priority? what would you get up in the morning thinking, this is a problem that i simply must solve today, and how would you go about doing it? >> the first thing i would do is say, to be effective around the world, we must be strong at home. we must get our house in order. for decades, we have been spending more than we earned, and it has gotten totally out of control. we are losing respect. so we have to get control of ourselves. so that is number one, and number two, we have to do better on the energy problem. and learn how to use alternatives to oil and coal, deal with a carbon problem, and get control of ourselves on that basis. with that kind of stance, strength, then we work, and i would like to see, as you probably realize, hard work and trying to get ourselves to a world free of nuclear weapons. i might say that obama is doing a very important and strong job in that regard, and i am very impressed with what he is doing. >> mr. secretary, you mentioned a couple of very important issues, but how would you go about doing it? for example, on the economic front, many people have talked about the need to do this, but very people have done. what i am asking you is, how would you do it? >> it has been done before. i hate to say, but we inherited an economic mess when president reagan took office. and it got straightened out. it can get straightened out. the key is economic growth. adopt policies that give you economic growth. that is what will generate revenue. combined with control of spending. we have to get our social security system back on track. conceptually, it is easy. it is clear what the problem is and how to deal with it, and we need to get the political gumption. >> the biggest problem in spending out of control is the help area. it is a harder problem, but i think very durable. >> secretary albright, you are burning issue of the deeday, and how would you go about handling it? >> what i find interesting, my good friend secretary shultz is going to presume that we would return as secretaries of state. we would address issues that are combination of domestic and foreign policy. i think that is one of the major aspects of what we are dealing with, it is very hard to separate the four and from domestic policy, which means that if i were there, i would think that we would have to do a better job of explaining to the american people a combination of these problems. the other part, if you look at the issues that dick mentioned and you mentioned, it is the plethora of them. what i think is the biggest problem is that we don't anymore have the international institutional structure to deal with it. in fact, there is not confidence in any of the institutions that are out there, including domestic institutions, and then the foreign institutions. i am a great advocate of the u.s. does it really work at this point? there is a real question on that. i was just asked to head a group of experts looking at a new strategic concept for nato. i believe in nato. it's the really realize that is going to take us into the future? what happened in afghanistan? did the international financial institutions work? one of the biggest problems is, who doesn't, what are the institutional structures? i can discuss the institutional issues. if there were a lottery every day about what is the biggest problem in the world, i would say pakistan. it has everything that gives you an international migraine. all the issues are collected there. i would spend a lot of time on that. a regional solution to what is going on in afghanistan, but any one of the issues you mentioned or george mentioned, and the worst issue is looking at how the worst weapons, nuclear weapons, that they don't get into the hands of the worst people, the terrorists. >> most of us listening to both of you would agree with everything you have said, but it seems to me that nothing is really going to happen unless there is presidential leadership married to congressional cooperation. at the moment in washington, where i live, there is, however you define it, political paralysis, political warfare. how're we going to make any progress in this kind of climate? what has to be done? >> come on out to california, the government is find out here. [laughter] i don't know the answer to your question, but i have a sense that sometimes divided government works better than one party or the other having it all its way. i thought the second clinton term was very good, and the reason why it may work better is that everybody knows that you cannot get anywhere unless you find solutions that are broadly agreeable. it tends to push consensus and tells people that that is the way they have to work. maybe we will get something like that if the congress is a little more balanced after the next election. >> i definitely cannot go along with that. [laughter] >> you mean you want it all republican? >> no, but i think we do have a divided government at the moment. that is part of the problem, in terms of a sense -- i have been in the opposition, so i know what it is like. it is actually more fun when you are not. the bottom line is, i think there is not a sense of trying to find a bipartisan solution. george mentioned we have this small club. the truth is, most of the former secretaries of state at the moment are republican, so we have spent a great deal of time together, looking at joint solutions, because we have faced similar problems together. that is the kind of thing that needs to be seen. it is not a matter of if your a democrat or republican that you don't have the best interest of the country in mind and at heart, but is not happening. it goes to the point that i made. i don't think there is confidence in institutions at the moment. if you look at polling numbers, congress's numbers are brieveryr down. i think there is an anti- incumbency feeling, which is unfortunate. >> do you ever want to give up because it is so hard? it is offered by alyssa, who is age 9, and she has already got the message. >> the fact of the matter is, people brought lease the, never mind the people in washington and around the country, regardless of party, there is a general perception that it is not working and that we are going to have to do better. we will get that point through to the people who are in charge to >> mr. secretary, we have known that now for at least the last two presidential elections, at that it has not gotten for yet. what has to happen? a lot of people genuinely feel that some other catastrophe must first happen to galvanize the american people into recognizing how serious the problem is, and therefore doing something about it. >> there is an utter catastrophe hitting us right now. it is the runaway spending. not only of the federal level, but at the state and local level. i think people are perceiving it and saying we have to get control of ourselves. that is why i said at the beginning that getting control of ourselves is the key. you have to do that so you have a strong base on which to work on all the problems that you talked about. >> melissa, i hope, will never give up. part of what the american spirit is about is not giving up. i think that we -- the chances of us returning to office are like zero, but the bottom line is that there is something magical about public service and the possibility of trying to make a difference in these issues. i think the assumption i make is that the people in various offices are actually trying to do something about ticket -- about it, but it is very difficult. i think we should turn the problem where it really belongs, to the media. [laughter] >> the last time i heard that was during the nixon administration. >> i think what is very important to solve the issue is to have an educated and inform citizenship. that is what democracy is about. unless we figure out some way for people to use this bountiful amount of information in some way to understand things, rather than to be riled up by it, i think that is one of the major problems. i usually get there at the end of the discussion, but i thought since you were -- i think it is a genuine issue. what is so interesting is, we have more information than we have ever had. this may surprise you, but i actually listen to right-wing radio when i drive, and it is amazing that i have not run over somebody. [laughter] it is basically just anger from a certain group. i think there is a genuine responsibility that the media is not fulfilling. since this is -- it is a very important point that we need to deal with. >> it may surprise you, but i agree with everything you said. [applause] moving on, a key thing is, how we strengthen our diplomacy? i am mindful of the fact that year ago secretary of defense gates was the one who said he would give some of the pentagon budget to the state department to strengthen its role in problem solving around the world. now, we have heard about diplomacy being a kind of soft art, a smart way of accomplishing your aim. why is diplomacy now, at least the appearance of it, what does it seem so inadequate to the tasks before us, secretary shultz? >> first of all, because we have not devoted resources that are needed to support the state department's and the building up of resources there. second, i think we should do a better job of seeing to it that the senior people stay. we have experienced foreign service officers retiring at the age of 50 and so on. that is when they are at the top of their game. we have to keep them there and keep them working, because we have to conduct global diplomacy. you need first-class people, and many of them, to do it. >> why doesn't congress do that? there should be an easy thing. >> i think it is getting easier. i think secretary clinton, as did secretary rice and secretary powell, bradley move the budget up, but the fact that the secretary of defense has to be carrying our water, it tells us that there is a long way to go. i think there's also something else. there is a tendency whenever there is a big and important problem to have a special envoy when you have an important post, a very well qualified sore and -- foreign service officer does not necessarily get to do the job. in a sense, your taking the people who have made a profession out of dealing with these issues, and i think we need to keep them in the action, not just analyzing reports, but do the work of diplomacy. that is necessary. >> am i listening to criticism of obama's decision place special on voice in key trouble spots around the world, like holbrook in pakistan and afghanistan and mitchell in the middle east? is that what you are saying to us? next to a certain extent. it is something that has grown over time. it is not a unique thing at present. it is also true of ambassadorial posts. it is important that some of these posts be open to foreign service officers so that you have the chance for the professional people to move up into important roles. >> let me take just a moment to remind our audience that you were all listening to the commonwealth club of california radio program. our speakers today are former secretaries of state madeleine albright and george shultz. we are discussing the challenges facing the nation. i am marvin kalb, and i would like to ask you both, starting with secretary all right. we are old enough to remember that there was a great phrase about politics stopping at the water's edge. we always lived with an assumption that when it came to foreign policy, were all in it together. but now it seems that there is a republican foreign-policy and a democratic foreign-policy, and even a joke in washington that it would be very good for obama's policy in afghanistan if the democrats lose a great deal this november and the republicans win, because they will be more supportive of the war. what is this business about two foreign policies, and isn't it dangerous for the country? >> i do believe that we need to have a bipartisan foreign policy, and i worked on that. a lot of people might be surprised that i was very good friends and worked with jesse helms. he was chairman of the foreign relations committee. there was a series of issues we had to do, and i believe in that. but it goes to the point we have made no couple of times, which is basically, a lack of sense of what we can do to help the country instead of just helping ourselves. i do think there has to be -- i believe that president obama has done more to reach out to the other party in order to try to develop this kind of policy, and in washington -- i am trying not to be overly partisan in stating this, but senator mcconnell basically is mr. no. that does not help in terms of this. through a number of organizations, we have been trying to figure out how to get to a bipartisan foreign policy. it is very confusing to our friends and enemies what exactly is going on, so i think this is a moment. can i go back to something that secretary shultz said? on the issue -- i teach a course. is that foreign policy is just trying to get some country to do what you want. that is all it is. i teach a course called the national security toolbox. as we are still the most powerful country in the world, you look in the toolbox and there is not a lot in there. you have diplomacy, bilateral and multilateral, you have the economic tools, sanctions,- sanctions and embargoes and positive trade, and you have the threat of the use of force, the use of force, intelligence, and law enforcement. that is it. there is not a lot. as you look at problems, you have to pick out the tools and mix and match. one of those most interesting things i teach about is the relationship secretary shultz has with secretary weinberger over the questions of use of force and who does what win. it is something that has been going on a very long time. we are at work. we have to wars. at the moment it seems that it is easy enough to say that the pentagon, especially since some of my successors turned over a lot of power to the pentagon, that is hard to get some of it back for the state department. you look at the budgets, the pentagon has something like $580 billion and the state department has $58 billion. it is that kind of problem that is being dealt with, and there has to be that we calibration. i fully agree with secretary shultz in terms of having -- the diplomats have more power. i am not sure i fully agree about eliminating totally political diplomats. we were political appointees. >> i am thinking about people like -- >> let me just say this is also a very practical issue. has to do with a divided government. i can tell you it is hard to get confirmation for a variety of people in the post of ambassador. so the special envoys' do not need that. secretary clinton and president obama needed to get started on what was going on in the middle east and afghanistan and pakistan. >> secretary shultz, the appearance of the united states in afghanistan, for example, is very much khaki in color. the top man is now general petraeus, very admired, experienced. he is the balls. he is the viceroy. even b.g.e. he is boss. the question that comes up is, the generals themselves tell us that in afghanistan, even in iraq, they are saying that the ultimate compromise is a political one, and that you can put tons of additional troops into afghanistan and you will not win the war. so what is holding this up, why is it that we appear to be so linked to a military appearance, and therefore a military outcome? what would your judgment of that? >> i think in afghanistan, we have to get the concept right, and i don't think we are there yet. i have felt myself that we went into afghanistan in 2001, i guess it was, and we had a brilliant success. why? we made common cause with local, tribal groups, and they wanted the same things we did. we were able to use our comparative advantage effectively, and we got what we wanted. we got control. then, at least as i see it, our mission morphed into trying to create and afghanistan that had never been there before. that is a country with a central government, democratically elected, that has an army that can keep stability. that is not afghanistan. we have to get back to the notion that it is a bottoms up country. i think general petraeus understands that, and i have the feeling that as the policies in afghanistan at work themselves through, it is going to look something like that. now we have a huge problem that we have not thought through strategically. we are looking at tactically. it comes because the nature of the warfare we are experiencing is different. our adversaries don't wear uniforms. our adversaries use inexpensive weapons to create chaos. our adversaries implant themselves in civilian places like hospitals and schools and mosques and so on. they fire from there, and if you fire back, you cause a lot of so-called collateral damage that you have a hard time with. so you meet that with rules of engagement that in effect, take our comparative advantage away from us. it is hard use our drones to fire back at something -- that is what we have to think through. >> you mean it may be that we cannot win? >> no, it may mean that we have to have some different strategies and tactics to deal with a different kind of warfare. i might say that this problem is pervasive, and we are going to face it everywhere. we go into afghanistan and iraq, what are going to do in yemen and somalia, and so on and so on? but secretary of right, let me just pick up one of the points secretary shultz was talking about. do you believe that winning is possible in afghanistan? because the president did say that we have to win there. >> first of all, i think someday i am going to teach a course on the unintended consequences of foreign policy decisions. the afghan story is a very long one that actually began several centuries ago. i can track it from the carter and administration reaction to the soviet invasion to the reagan administration providing stinger missiles, and a variety of issues. it has been going on a while. we talked about the stunning initial victory. administration took its eye off the ball and went to iraq. this is why i said that pakistan was so important. i think we can win in terms of trying to limit the extent of the terrorist activities if we deal with pakistan. i see it as a regional issue. what winning has been defined as is trying to get rid of al qaeda. according to things that one has heard, we are doing pretty well in getting ourselves rid of al qaeda. i agree with you in terms of it has to be a bottom up. i think that general petraeus's approach to insurgency is something that has great validity in the afghan issue, but i think the only way we will be able to do with afghanistan is through a regional solution, which means dealing with pakistan and india and trying to see it as a regional issue. >> we have not talked at all as yet about israel and the arab states. there is a question from the audience, "is it possible to achieve peace in the middle east during the current realm of the obama administration?" i think that the author of that question has in mind that there have been significant differences apparent between israel and the united states, but there has been the most recent effort on the part of the two leaders to straighten things out. secretary shultz, you were there in the 1980's, when things for very rough. >> i was there two weeks ago. [laughter] >> the thing i am trying to get at, looking back over the last 30 years or so, and putting your own experience right there for us now, what do we have to do, i keep stressing this -- what can we do to actually make peace more achievable between the israelis and arabs? >> i think we want to build on the good things that are taking place. there are two of them that are important. whatever you may think about the iraq war, we are where we are, and where we are is, saddam hussein is not there, and they are at least is a reasonable chance that there can emerge in iraq of government that is reasonably representative where shia, shiite, and kurds somehow managed to get along together. if they can get their acts together, all of a sudden you have something in the arab world that has never been there before. i think that will be important. it will drive iran crazy. right next door will be a country that respected the will of the people, and it is obvious that their own regime does not. so that is one thing. the other thing that struck me when i was in israel recently, i had the opportunity to meet with the prime minister of of the palestinian authority. he is doing very interesting work on the west bank. there is economic growth on the west bank. economic institutions, financial institutions, political institutions are forming. with the help of a really brilliant three-star general, there are security institutions belding. so i would try to nourished these two things. particularly, try to connect what is happening in the west bank with the negotiations that people are trying to get underway. it is interesting to me that the developments in the west bank are being supported by jordan, and to the extent you can keep jordan in ball, then you have of state to do with -- keep your in box, then you have a state that can help the palestinians. i would be nourishing that development, which i think is quite promising. >> how does one actually, when your secretary and you are trying to do this, how do you nourished that kind of small growth, that seedling? how do you do it? i have been covering this now for almost 50 years. every time you get close to something, a couple of bad guys throw a few grenades here and there. they killed some people. governments have to defend themselves, and then suddenly everything is -- how did you manage this as secretary of state? >> it goes back to your question about rigid about diplomacy. there is a story on the cover of "the new york times" today about living conditions in gaza. it does talk about what they are doing on the west bank, and saying that the people in gaza don't like what is going on in the west bank. i think what should happen is that the arab world needs to be more helpful on trying to bring the palestinian people together, and working through encouraging the saudis and others in trying to sort out some of the issues in gaza. we cannot do it all by ourselves. in the experiences we had at camp david, i wish we had been able to spend more time getting what were known as the moderate arabs to be more supportive of some of the proposals that have been made, that in the palestinians would have support to accept them. i think the diplomatic subtext of this is very important. i actually try to figure out some way -- i find one of the most interesting countries at the moment is turkey. turkey is in a fight with israel at the moment. on the other hand, the have a very interesting influence in the whole region. there has to be more by and by other countries in the region. -- a morebuy-in by other countries in the region. there is always someone who has a stake in it. that was the brilliance ofrabin. he said we had to fight terrorism as if we were not trying to negotiate. you have to do both at the same time. >> let me go back to the example i gave. the reason why i think it is so worthwhile to try to build on ait, i spoke to the people involved the day after the flotilla incident. i asked, how do you think this is going to play in the west bank? the answer was, this is going to be a test. there will be protests, but will people go wild? will they upset the apple cart? as you said, somebody throws a few grenades, and so on. well, they passed the test. they said they did not like it, and so on, but they did not ruin themselves. so i think that is important. it seems to me, even when things looked bleak, it is important to stay engaged and keep working at it. people often tell you, you cannot reach a solution, so why get engaged? you have to get engaged. i do have a cartoon left over from my days in office. i had been in the area peddling some ideas. the cartoon appeared in the jerusalem post. it shows me fending off lows. there is a piece of paper on the flow it is on the floor that says shultz peace proposal. there is a palestinian with a club beating on me and a jordanian with the club beating on me. the caption says "well, at least they agree on something." [laughter] but you have to have a thick skin, and keep working at it. >> there have been a couple of studies on this. tom friedman has talked about repeatedly in his column in "the new york times." that is, when there is an islamic instigated outrage against islamic people, why aren't islamic leaders screaming against that? why is it that most of the time, there is the outrage, most of the time is against islamic people, at done by islamic fanatics, and islamic leaders say nothing about this? how you deal with that? >> i actually think that there has been some which has allowed their to be some action against al qaeda. i think we are making some progress against al qaeda. >> which arab leaders are speaking out? >> i think they have spoken out against violence against muslims, that that has happened. the king of jordan has done that. >> the king of jordan has come on a number of occasions, but in pakistan, for example, where this happens repeatedly, a couple of times a week we are reading about it. where is the leadership of the muslim world in opposition to this kind of violence? >> i think dealing with the muslim world is one of the big issues that has to be dealt with. what has happened is, president obama has worked -- may follow up on cairo's suggestions. i am being asked to run something called partners bring new beginning. we have to learn how to understand what islam is about. we cannot lump them all together. even the terminology we have is wrong. we talk about moderate muslims. moderate muslims actually believe in moderation passionately. we don't have the right terms. we have to find those leaders and support them. i think there are people in pakistan that speak out, and we need to somehow not isolate them, but try to figure out who they are and how to proceed. >> actually, in saudi arabia, the government has done a very effective job in the cleanup the al qaeda that was starting to get them a lot of trouble. but a very impressive set of developments, as i understand it, has taken place in indonesia, which has become a country with a democratic government, which is had its uprising. you remember bali, jakarta, and so on. they are reaching into the schools and going about it in a rather impressive way. so there are some good spot to look at. >> let's take another moment to remind our audience that you are all listing to the commonwealth club of california radio program. our speakers today are former secretaries of state madeleine albright and george shultz. we are discussing the challenges facing the nation, and i am marvin kalb. we have another question from the audience concerning u.s.- russian relations. the question asks, there has been an exchange of spies a couple of weeks ago. what does this signify in terms of u.s.-russian relations? is it perhaps a return to the cold war? >> i think it signifies practically nothing. [laughter] these characters here did not have the intelligence to know that they could get whatever they wanted off the internet. [laughter] it was kind of a layover, and i thought it was handled quickly without a lot of kerfuffle. >> there was a great column today about what are they looking for and what is it all about? our relations with russia is fascinating, and many of us have spent our whole life looking at it. i think there are those in russia who would like to see us as an enemy, but the majority, a lot of the leaders, a lot of the people within various aspects of russian society realize that that is not the wave of the future. i think it behooves us to push on the reset, that is a very good idea to see what relationships we can develop. what i love is, one of our colleagues has a great line that there are two camps in russia. there is the putin camp and the medvedev camp, but the question is which camp medvedev is in. we have not quite sorted out how the relationships are evolving and what is that the russians feel will bring them into responsible role in terms of managing the global systems. >> let's talk for a little bit about iran. we have been reading for years now that the iranian regime is developing in the capacity to have nuclear weapons. a couple of questions. do you agree, first of all, with that judgment? >> i don't think there is the slightest doubt that they want to get nuclear weapons, and are getting fairly close to getting them. >> that being the case, and the president of the united states and the secretary of state having said repeatedly that this is something we cannot allow to happen -- >> i agree with that. >> in the united states is trying and i think many members of the world community, to do something through the un by virtue of sanctions, to do something that is not outright military force. do you think that sanctions regime can succeed in heading off a war? >> it can be effective, but i noticed when the director of the cia was asked about that, he was skeptical that the sanctions would mean much. so i think it is a very hard problem. i don't know that some all-out assault is what is needed. let me give an example about something going back to the reagan period. we had a time where the iranians were trying to prevent a shipment from getting out of the gulf. , so theylag the ship's are our flags. when the president of iran was that the united nations making a speech saying the last thing iran would do would be put a mine in the persian gulf. the navy was taking pictures of them doing it. then we boarded the ship, took the minds of, took the sailors of, the ship, took the sailors to dubai and said to iran, come and get your sailors and cut it out. it turned out to be reasonably effective communication. i think iran has done all kinds of outrageous things, and nobody called their bluff. for instance, i read that they have little boats going around our ships in the gulf. we should take them out. >> take them out meaning destroy them? >> destroy them, because you have the right under self- defense. look what happened with the uss cole. these little boats can ramie and cause a lot of damage. we just that we are not going to permit it anymore, and we don't permit it. there has to be some push back. the iranians had a huge outburst to protest. it was sparked by the phoney election, but the reason for the protest was only partly the election. the iranian government has run their government terribly from the standpoint of the people. inflation is way up there, 40% or 50%. unemployment is high. they are obviously not doing a good job for the people. the people know it. so we should be supporting the people who are expressing that point of view. i think we should be broadcasting to them, things like your government is so preoccupied with their nuclear weapons program that all their good scientists and engineers are working on that. meanwhile, your oil capacity is dwindling. they are not paying attention to it. you don't have the refining capacity to supply your own product. there is plenty of crude, but no product. we should be banging away. >> after the united states moved into afghanistan in 2001, and after the united states moved into iraq in 2003, do you believe that the united states is in a position in that part of the world to take military action against another muslim state? >> i think going back to the dates that you mentioned, it was interesting. those were times when we seemed to be riding high. we were winning everything. all of a sudden, the iranians got very reasonable. maybe we should have moved in very hard then to try to construct something. that might have been a missed opportunity. >> i agree. i think we missed the time when we could have worked with them on dealing with some of the issues on the taliban and a variety of ways of working, but nevertheless, that is what happened. i happen to think that the idea about the ships is a very good one. the problem that we have, there have been discussions about what a military option might be. we cannot bomb our way out of the nuclear installations that they have. this is not like the iraqi nuclear reactor that the israelis took out, because in fact, we don't really know where everything is. some of it is underground and some of it is among civilian populations. to go back to my tool box, i think we really do need to keep all the tools and play. i do think the sanctions need to be really pushed and worked, because their economic situation is bad. there is a story today that says some of the merchants in the bazaars are striking because they don't like the fact that new taxes are coming on. it sounds quite like a democratic society in terms of what is going on there. i agree that we need to be supportive of those that are disquietude by what the regime is doing. the problem is, even the most liberal people, if one can say that about those in iran, are for ron kirk having the right to have a nuclear program. they liked the idea that the persians are going to be treated in a way of respect. >> the new appeared to envisage going toworld where we are have a nuclear-armed iran. and we will have to learn to live with it. >> i think that world would be a catastrophe. you have not only iran with nuclear weapons but other states. there would be a proliferation. >> you mean throughout the entire region. >> and elsewhere. you are going in the wrong direction with that. sooner or later, as more countries have these weapons, as countries who are clearly affiliated, as iran is -- is a big sponsor of terrorism. you are going to wind up with a nuclear weapon going off somewhere, maybe more than one. once that happens, people are going to say, my god, why don't we do something about this? those of us who have been working on this day, why don't we do it before that happens, rather than waiting for it to happen? [applause] really push to get nuclear weapons under control, face down, and ultimately out. that means you don't start by having another country like iran get nuclear weapons. you stop them from doing it picks stop them by taking military action? >> i don't claim to know all the ins and outs, but i would not be so confident as matalin seems to be that a military strike would not have much of an impact. i think it would have a major impact. i don't know that you have to say is that or nothing. for example, in working on this nuclear issue, you say what are the steps you need to take to get there? one of them very clearly is to get control of the nuclear fuel cycle. people are building nuclear power plants around the world. you use enriched uranium or plutonium. if you could enrich the uranium for a power plant, you can enrich it for a weapon. that is the iranian situation. you can reprocess its spent fuel and get plutonium. remember the nagasaki bomb was a plutonium bomb. on a world scale, if we are going to have more nuclear power plants, we better get control of this fuel cycle. there has been considerable headway in that regard. the nuclear initiative group has worked on a very hard. warren buffett put up $50 million and that drew a lot of governments to give money to set up a fuel tank and to try to work toward a situation where there is international control of all enrichment facilities. if you have something like that in place, you could say to the iranian, okay, it is for peaceful purposes. put it in the international set up. up. that means not
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