Next hour, American History tv exclusive, our cities tour goes to san jose. We traveled to cities across the u. S. To explore their literary and historic sites. Watch more of our visit at cspan. Org citiestour. And these are bone small ivory counting sticks from the 17th century. The most recent thing we have is the iphone. When the punch card gallery and you see a replica of a census machine. What is this . Well, in 1890, the bureau of the crens us finished the 1880 crens us and the constitution requires it to be taken every 10 years. The 1890 crens us wasnt going to be completed in time. Typically, the way the system worked, the crens us would go out in the field and ask the usual questions and bring the questions back to the office where they would be transcribed using this device, which converts the handwritten responses into machinereadable form. So using this little blank piece of cardboard at the top here, the crens us clerk punches holes in the card. So what they did is create the sense us results. And once he did that, he could t the punch cards inside his census machine and counted the holes in the card. This was a success story. And the 1890 census was completed in three years including there were quite a few more immigrants. A Company Called ibm ultimately grew. And dominated computing for most of the 20th century. The punch cards called ib mmp cards were the main way people interacted with computers for most of the 20th century. We are in the memory and storage gallery. Behind me is the worlds first in disk drive it was found 1956. No formal engineering training at all. The great advantage was it could replace punch cards. Rather than having 100,000 punch cards, you could have one of these hard disks and the difference with punch cards, you have to sort through them in order to find the information compared to a disk drive, you could jump to the information you need. This device is so well made that it still functions and we have a team of volunteers who demonstrate it wops a week. There were 60yearold data still on the hard disk. In basic form, the disk drive has not changed. We are using a disk drives today. Welcome to the mini computer gallery. They came out in the mid1960s. Beside me is one called the kitchen computer. It cost 10,000 600 and they did not sell any. To program it, the user in this case, the housewife would have to know a numbing system and be able to read these lamps in that code and program the computer using the switches. Almost an impossible task. Generally, you would attach a keyboard to this to make it work. We have it in this gallery to show even though it was not practical, it shows the people thinking about putting computers in the home. We are sitting in front of a ex os alto. It had ar system that used a menus. With pulldown it had email and spread sheets and word processing. This is in 1972. Steve jobs saw this machine and was inspired to create the lisa at apple which then became the mcintosh. The things we take for granted, the little garbage can, the icons on the mac and windows all came from the xerox alto. Steve jobs allegedly complained to bill gates that bill gates had stolen the idea for windows from apple. Gates said thats not true, we both stole it from xerox and that shows you the intellectual depth that it generated and affects us all today. We are in the personal computer gallery which shows the micro processorbased computers. We still use personal computers but the hey day was the 1970s and 1980s. The apple one computer, designed by an engineer along with his friend steve jobs and sold 220 of these. Many of them were assembled and some of them you could build in kit form. Thats why the signature on the top by the way. The apple one was a hobbyist machine and aimed at gearheads people who liked soddering and connecting things up to their tv. Steve jobs said if we made it for normal people, rather than in other words, we could sell a lot more of these and the computer that resulted from that was called the apple 2. The apple was created by the two steves. He apple 2 came out in 1977, and provided color, which was quite unusual for the time. Very few personal computers offered color. On the basis of apple 2, it kept itself afloat. The first few years were disappointing and only because of the strong apple 2 sales that apple was able to stay in business. The apple 2 remained an apple product for 17 years. Ibm joined the party. Apple took a full page ad that said welcome ibm, seriously. Had very important job of legitimizing personal computers for business. Most businessmen looked at these Computers Like the apple as basically toys, suitable for home or educational environments but not for business. Ibms entry into the field in 1981 to put a stamp of approval and legitimacy on the pc. You could actually do business types of task. Ibmms initial strategy was toll protect the main frame at all costs. That is what was generating their billions of profits. The main frame is a roomsized computer filling up hard drives. The ibmpc was something that would connect to those main frames and later that would stand alone and be used by an individual. We are now in the networking and web gallery. What we have here is googles first web server. So at the time, google was a Small Company with limited funds. They built their equipment on the cheap and went to a local Electronic Store and bought compatible Circuit Boards and mounted them to this large cabinet. It acts like a search engine. If you did a Google Search in 1999 or 2000, theres a chance it went through this machine. This system is actually made out of corkboard. If you look underneath these pc Circuit Boards and separated by a thin layer of cork. That is the only thing that is keeping the whole thing from bursting into flames. It is poorly designed . A sense. For starting a business when you are running it out of your own garage or hilltop kind of business, this was perfect for them. One of the things that we tell school kids when they come to the museum that a computer is a tool like a hammer. With a hammer, you could hit someone over the head or build a house. It could be dangerous or the other its useful. We are seeing the humor social impact of everyone having a computer in their pocket is affecting how we live. And there are lots of negative consequences, insome yeah, people are feeling lonely, the friendships that occurs on facebook. You call them friends but they are really not friends. And the pace of life now i think is the single greatest risk to human sanity in the next 20 years or so. The desire, which we impose ourselves to always be on and responding to texts or emails or looking up web sites. We dont sit down and watch the sky anymore. Good morning, im a volunteer at the computer history museum. I was a programmer for the 1401, which is the laboratory we are in. Back in the time frame we are looking at, back in the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s. Cards with holes in them, each hole representing a piece of information, whether its a zero, a 1, 2, 3 and so on or it information. Abetic letter a which is what we call a one punch. Means of storing information and key for every business back in the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s and when i started working for a bank and needed programmers for the 1401 that their business brand on punch cards. Interesting environment. Theeed to get some data for demonstration and need a volunteer also to come in. Hy dont you give a hand here. What debbie has done is type her name into the card, making holes for date of birthey as the name on the card. And all im doing is putting her card into the deck. What i have here is a policeman, one that we call big print and a deck of cards. They were called ibm cards at the time. Because they had a monopoly on punch cards and put them in to the card reader. It prints 600 lines a minute, which is roughly 10 pages a minute giving us the same as laser printers but doesnt have the for matting capabilities. The 1401 came after ibm made a plan for the company saying we will be solid state in 1958. And the reason for that was getting away from electrical devices that had problems. So it was designed by a group partly in new york, partly in new york and just outside of paris. And designed there. Two computing designs, european and new york state one. The majority of the folks that came with the new york design were incorporated with the technology that the french and germans put together and were designed into it as well. The 1401, the sorter and card reader were roughly the same time. There was a perfect white storm gathering. One was the card reader design, the design behind the printer being four times faster than any printer up to that time and the processing unit going through transis tors. Tors on ur tran cyst the card. It was a break through in the 1958 time frame to have these available. And the price point came down in 19581959 time period, so we could put this into a business computer. A business computer does payroll, accounts receivable, general accounting, things that support the business side of the company, not necessarily the product or Product Development side. So it had that. Another piece of equipment that came at the at the same time time is cor, each of the black dots that you may be able to see here represents one bit as far as the 1401 is concerned. It is a bit of memory and 140 characters or bithes of memory. And what do we think of. A tweet. Perfect. So what i have done, im holding a tweet in my hand. Its an interesting gothrough we went through. W the 1401 processing unit contains roughly 3,000 of the cards that we just looked at. 3,000 of them in this unit that spans this distance. It has the control information for attaching devices to it, so the printer, card reader, all come through the 1401 processing unit and this is supported there as well. The minimum memory on the 1401 is 1,400 characters of memory. Now can you imagine a system with that . I cant think of that in windows with less than 1,700 positions or more. And the memory was 2,000, 4,000 within this unit. And box right behind where im standing which holds 4, 8 or 12,000 positions of memory. Back in the someday when i was programming this, 16k was 16 that we think of in by farry. Its a different environment. The environment we are looking is simplistic here. And we are waiting to read the next card. This would be the next main card read in. What we are going to do or what im going to do is reset the computer and another break through as far as the 1401 was concerned was the tape drive that they have for storing data. I could take one real of tape such as we see here and for 72,000 boxes of punch cards, as we see here. This is where i would get started with the punch cards and holds roughly 2,000 cards in his box. Usually with new cards and program and i might do it there. 2,000 cards, one box. I could store roughly 72,000 boxes of cards on one real of tape. Now to run the tape, im going to hit start. And we see the tape running. I would be running data as far as the system is concerned and we are dealing with a vacuum column in terms of keeping the tape being stretched as it goes across. Is designed to minimize the weight of the tape and the same reason as it goes down. If i get all the way down to the hold which you see down there, the tape drive knows to pick up some of the tape. So interesting capability there. One of the things that we see with the 1401 system is there is no display. There is no operating system. Things down. Slow and was designed to contain everything. The first card is a boot strap card and we boot strap our pcs and go from there. The next two cards are clear storage cards because the 1401 has core memory. And cores dont reset if i shut the machine off. I could shut off the 1401 and power it back up and the program is still there. Its a nice capability. So were dealing that. One of the things we are dealing with is how doy connect things together . I have a usb cable in my hand, but the usb cable was not in the 401 time frame and pick up the cable permit and this is yesterdays usp cable. Each of these pins represents the path of one pit of data. So the pins from the wires are all part of the system. Now we have to have a way to store those exables as they are going around. I have five cables coming from the reader to the processor unit and signalling to the printer. I have to hide them under the floor. Sote black tables that you see there are power cords. The gray ones are data cords to get information back and forth. So its much different. We have everything in parallel. Here is one bit of a time on each of the cables that we saw. So its a different environment. From what we have. One of the things that was unique about the 1401, announce nd 1959, first customer shipped 2000 probably in the machine range. The salesman in the field had customers waiting for this machine to bes nounsed. And in the first month, ibm managed to sell three,000 of them. In the overall life of it, 15,000 of these machines sold and if i had taken a population study of all the computers in the world in 1955, roughly one t of two of these would be a 1400 class machine. It was successful as far as ibm which cerned and leadin was announced by ibm in 1954 and brand new architecture from ibms perspective. Ut the 1401 lived on and all simulateors may be running with the programs and 360 rchitecture. James milk was a wealthy businessman in the 18000s. His fortune was over 3 million and wanted to be remembered. And george davidson, the president of the California Academy of sciences and an atron mere showed him what saturn looked like were some of the factors that convinceed that a scientific monument was the great way to go. He wanted the greatest telescope superior to any in existence constructed at his memorial. Nd gave 700,000 to form the observatory and this telescope is his monument. The construction of this observatory took a long time and started in 18 70s. Mount hamilton was an unoccupied mountain. And convinced the county to build a firstclass road to the top of Mount Hamilton and that started in 1876. In 1888, the Road Construction was done and could Start Building this building and by 1886, they knew how big the telescope would be. The lenses were done being made. They could start constructing this dome. And this dome is large diameter, i dont know how large it is, but approximately 100 feet indictmenter and has 60foot long telescope and it is high up and you cant reach the eye piece easily. They worked around this. The floor im standing on was a huge elevator and this floor would go up to the telescope so the astron mere could look through the eye piece or take the photographic plate data that we were taking in the late 1800s. Going y astronomy was through a hey day of discovery. This telescope was the largest of its kind in the world in 1888. And with it, they were able to make some great early discoveries just in the few few years of this observatory. The first night of science oaks with this telescope in january of 1888, james keeler, looked at saturn and he discovered a new as in the rings of saturn. A couple of years later, edward barnhard used this in 1882 to discover the fifth moon of jupiter. When he discovered a fifth moon, that was a huge discovery. People didnt know there were more moons around jupiter and he last moon discovered in our solar system. All subsequent moons have been discovered photographically. Photographic plate archives. It was influential in the early days of astronomical photography and we have 150,000 photographic plates covering over 100 years of research. We dont use photographic plates. And this observatory was a Key Organization in moving to using digital cameras for astronomical research. So im going to pull a few photographic plates so you can see what they looked like. Luke observatory was very prominent in moon observations. So we have have many plates of the moon from the late 1800s and early 1900s. Nd this is a plate from 1908 and this is a negative image, so you can actually see the moon look dark and the sky. When printed out, it would be a white moon with the dark background and these moon plates are some of the finest images of the moon in existence, particularly from that time period and routinely used in textbooks even today when you are learning about the moon. Luke observatory was not only doing research in the late 180s, buzz aldrin and buzz rmstrong put on the moon the lunar recktrow reflector, as lights came in, the light would be sent along the same path. We used our Largest Telescope to reflector and send theoon totht laser light back to us, with that same threemeter telescope, and that yielded a most accurate measurement of the distance to the mood ever done at that point. Unfortunately, did not get to see the finished. He died and was initially buried at the cemetery, but his final wish was to actually be buried at his monument, and so james anddisinterred in 1887 reinterred here, and so he is literally at the base of the telescope. So we are at the casa grande Quicksilver Mining Museum in santa clara county, california. This museum interprets the 4,000acre park across the street, called the quicksilver park. The boundaries of the park are home to what was the largest mercury mine on the north american continent, and it fueled californias gold rush with its supply of mercury as well as nevadas comstock load. So the rocks they were mining in the hill back here was cinnabar. And cinnabar is mercurys ore. And when you cook cinnabar to about 1,500 degrees fahrenheit vaporyou condense that you get liquid mercury. ,and that mercury was used to separate gold from its ore. What i have here is a beautiful piece we call a potato ore. It is totally mercury and sulfur. Its called cinnabar. A gentleman by the name of andre castilero came through from mexico to kick sutter out of his forte to save california from mexico. And on the way he stopped at Mission Santa clara, saw this beautiful red rock, cooked it , that night, put a glass on top that, fumes, put water on put his finger inside, and said, aha. I am a millionaire. And then this particular operation here became a gold mine from 1845 until 1976. They made 70 million in profits out of here. When a visitor comes through, we try to explain to them what a tunnel is and how a working, looking for the red rock, you may dig into the side of the bill and you made a tunnel and , the tunnel goes horizontal into the hillside. And then you put up big beams to protect it from the rocks falling on you, and you bring out the red rock into ore and take it to retort to cook it or a furnace. We are in the restored period rooms of casa grande Quicksilver Mining Museum. So weve take three rooms of the museum and restored them to resemble an 1890 remodel that the one of the mine managers initiated. So this house, in addition to being the mine managers home for him and his family, was also a place to entertain investors. So, its a 10,000 square foot home with three stories, and upstairs, there were eight bedrooms. The two rooms were standing in, we have got the parlor. The parlor was where they would have received guests at casa grande, where the lady of the house, the mine managers wife, would have entertained her lady friends with tea. And behind me we have the mine , Managers Office. The mine Managers Office is where the mine manager would have met with investors and conducted business meetings. Once you have cooked the cinnabar and gotten your liquid metal, and you would take a flask, and you would pour into it, cleaned, pour into it 76 of mercury, and then the flask, the top was screwed tightly. Most of our flasks we put a big a on it for almadin and they would put it on the ore carts that would head off to the sailing ships up towards gold country, so from the gold country to amalgam gold. The fact that this mine was discovered three years before gold was discovered in california at sutters fort has huge implications on californias history and how it turned out. Because you need mercury to recover gold and silver from their ores. And without this local source of mercury that the new almandin mines provided, california probably would have relied on spains mercury to access our own gold. So whats significant about this site is that without it, californias gold rush would not have been economically independent. And its interesting to consider what implications that would have had on how californias gold rush history and therefore how californias history turned out. This part of the museum, we call it leaving for camp, force removal. There is a big old thing there, how we were forced out. If we had 1 16th japanese blood in us, we had to pack up and leave. That was the order by the army. So there was no chance for anybody to escape being nonjapanese or partial. If you were mixed marriage, there was very few then, husband was a nonjapanese, then he could stay in the home, but the majority of them all moved with the family to the camp. When the order was written, we were very uncertain what would happen to us. When this instruction to report here, my brother and i went to sign up we were given a time limit. We report may 23. Will be put on a train and taken off. What you can carry, you can take, but thats it. Nothing more than that. So that was the whole thing. Until then, it was unclear what would happen to us. Stay, like myself, born here, and our parents born in japan, going to this camp. That was kind of the idea we had, but when this came out, we and all classified as one, we lost our citizenship rights, ande were given a number we were all identified by the number. 3242. Y family number was our identification number. My last name yamachi. ,it was put on there to identify me. A majority went to santa anita. One train full went somewhere else. They were getting full, and we were getting crowded. It was about three or four months. To atmosphere before we went camp before the war, discrimination. We could not get a job. Like myself, i went to trade school, took up carpentry. But when i graduated and went to , they said we dont allow people like you. Just keep on going. At that time, i realized my , heolteacher, mr. Morgan was an old construction man, and and had a degree from stanford. He told me, jim, i will teach you. You will learn what you can. Me, thatit dawned on is what he said. Even though you graduated high school with a carpentry class, with the status you are, i cannot help you. And that really stuck with me. And yet, he was going to teach me as much as he can about construction. Yet, he was going to teach meit was a huge, huge help for y because i wasp, doing the best i can. Doing the best you can, and nobody cap expect any more. And every creation. 20 by 20. It was made for five people to live in here. Within the building, for fire regulations. You cannot see how the outside , and you can see the tarpaper and a little door. Outside looked like the outside of a barracks. And the core engineers, this was made out of the same material as joists. 20 foot materials used. They spliced it so that they 2 x 4s and itot was a sevenfoot ceiling, and they cut it in half. They made it 10 feet. Normal studs are eight foot high. Standard. This was moneysaving for the to use the sevenfoot studs. Cots ande had was the a blanket, and it was two blankets for bed, so we had to bring our own sheets. Whatever need be. They decided to make blankets, and they did not have anything to make blankets out of. You cannot see too well, but the idea. Is part of an army uniform, world war i army uniform. This is a trouser that the wore, and out of the pants, they made blankets, and they made 10,000 blankets, but again, there were 11,000 people, so we had three evenets, but i, myself, three blankets below zero is pretty cold. Take a showerld and come back and put my street clothes back on again, another layer of insulation, and then two blankets. That is how we survived. We made it through. That pea coat over there, that was another. I could not get one myself, because and average navy guy was not my size. But all of my sisters and. Rothers, small people s on. One had pea coat a lot of army pants and shirts, and a lot of ladies would unravel the pants. And make skirts out of them. Pretty good, but, still, it was army. Y blanket they did not care. Everybody else was in the same boat, so people were wearing skirts made out of all army pants. Thats how they survived. Money was not easy to come by. You only got paid 16 a month, 12 on theerson, and lowend. You had to work to get your clothing allowance. And you had to apply to get your clothing allowance. Of my back at that time today, it hasat not changed, but you shut your eyes and look forward. Selfpreservation, right . November of 1777, a group of 66 settlers moved down from the presidio in San Francisco and came here to san jose to establish the pueblo. The pueblo location to this location here in proper downtown san jose. And the adobe that you see behind us is the last remaining structure of that pueblo that was built in 1797. The mid1770s, california at that time was settled by the spaniards, and they had two different establishments at the time. You had presidios, which were operated and founded by the military and then you had , missions that were established by franciscan priests. They were up and down the california, from san diego all the way up to San Francisco at the time. Until that time you had no civil, basically a city type of establishment. So during that time, you had a lot of native Americans Still running throughout california , and it was the intent of the spaniards to try and settle and christianize the original settlers, the native americans who were already established here. At this time you also had intrusions from the french, british, and also russian interests that were coming in to the pacific coast. So the spaniards were looking at a way of settling and kind of controlling the region that we know of california at the time. The difficulty was was that sea travel going up the coast was against the trade winds from mexico so the thought was if , they establish an overland trail method that that would help solidify their hold on california. And in 1775, juan batista diaz, and early soldier for the Spanish Government, created his own trail from basically Southern Arizona up into california and up as far north as monterey, california. So mr. Bautista went back to the Spanish Government and got permission to lead an expedition following the same trail, and in 1776, mr. Diaz led a group of 240 people, this is a mix of different native americans, different spaniards, people of mixed races, across on this overland trail and they ended up , in monterey. A couple months later, his lieutenant led the remaining group up to the presidio in San Francisco where they settled for , the next six months. At that time, the governor of california was looking for a way of having a civil establishment beyond just the presidios and missions, but a civil type Farming Community that would act for supply station different establishments, and at the time, you had Mission Santa clara founded here in the late 1776, that is known by the missionaries at that time, it had rich agricultural potential, movedroup of 66 settlers down from the presidio in San Francisco and came here to san jose at established the pueblo. Now, weve come into the inside of the adobe. Theres only two rooms in this structure. For our interpretive purposes we have set up the rooms to represent the two different eras of when you had the spaniard era from 1797 to 1823 when, after 1823, you had the mexican independence. And so you actually had a different era, so that is rooms. Nted in these two this room we are in was the four , four for both the gonzalez and peraltas. Its rather sparse. Theres the floor is an adobe type floor. And the walls are just plaster. In the spaniard era, the spaniards wanted to heavily taxed the citizens, and as a result, the citizens were what tradeterms of they could do with other countries, so they traded primarily within the spanish empire. Withwere very resourceful using items from their local environment for their needs. If you look at the bed here, that frame, the springs are actually made of rawhide. They were stretched between the wooden beams to get that spring effect. Animal skins for the bedding material. Also, here on this crib, that they used rawhide to hold things from the roof. Weve added a little wire rope here to help support the structure, but thats give you a general idea of how they were resourceful using the items within their local community to furnish their home. Another remarkable thing in this house is this chair. If you notice, a rather unique shape. Thats actually made out of a whale bone. They would find whale carcasses along the coast and they would use, of course the blubber for , oil, but they also used the skeleton of the whale to build different structures. In this case, you see how the rib bones are used for the arms of the chair, and the backbone is actually used for the seat. Also along the ocean shore, they had access to abalone, which provided also, you know, the meals, but also provided shells like this. That the settlers would use this for different storage techniques. They would put beads or theyd put food, they would serve their food in shells like this once again using the resources that they had available to them in the area. That was from the spanish era. So when we give tours of this structure, explain to the groups the different eras. Going across here, we enter the room. Structure of this this is used as maybe a meeting space, perhaps serving food when you had inclement weather, room. But the food preparation was done outside in the gardening area and the yard. You notice these furnishings more recognizable from european interests or the far east, but 1823, whenause after the area was now under mexican control, the Mexican Government allowed trade with international countries. And so, the local residents, they would meet ships in the monterey orher in in San Francisco. They would trade with people on the ships for different items. So they would trade the rawhide or some of the oats and grains that they had here grown locally with that the seagoing ships for china, or they would trade for furnishings or different types of wood. Willu go through here, you see also some pots and pans. There was some metallurgy items. The idea here for the Mexican Government is they wanted to encourage the trade with other parties, and what is also kind of a downfall for california in terms of mexicos rule, it also got people to settle into the california area, primarily americans coming across the country, overland, through the sierra passes and down through the deserts, and they settled california. So that led to an influence of more than americans in this area. One of the parties, of course, was the donnerreed party that we hear of so much, the tragedy that occurred up in sierra nevadas. Remember, reed family that did a member of that party was the not partake in some of the gruesome stories we hear that occurred in that tragedy but the reed family, they settled here in san jose. But because he was a survivor of the donner party, he was a well then and was a well known name at that time so when california became when people were meeting to discuss statehood for california, james reed had a prominent voice here in california when they met in monterey, and at that time, in october of 1849, he promoted san jose to be the capital of california. And so the delegates, because of mr. Reids prominence, they of having the First Capital of the state of california here in san jose under the promise that james , reed would encourage the local citizens and they could build a statehouse for their first meeting of the legislature in december of that year. But when those legislators came here to san jose in december of 1849, it was raining. And it continued to rain. One of their first acts because they were so despondent with the amount of rain that was falling that year that one of their first acts as a legislature was to start the motion to move the capital to another location, and at that time, two years later, the capital of california moved to venetia, up farther north between the bay and the delta region of california. Jose, ironically, has played an important part in our history here. First, the rain washed out the original site, about a mile north here in 1778. And it also washed out the dreams of of san jose being the capital of california in the rains of 1849. December our visit to san jose, california, is an American History tv exclusive. And we showed it today to introduce you to cspan cities tour. For five years now, we have traveled to cities across the u. S. To explore their literary and historic sites. You can watch more of our visits at cspan. Org citiestour. [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2017] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] tonight, former Senior Adviser to barack obama, ellery jared, on her time in the white house and future plans. I do want to continue to be a force for good. To be a pro bono adviser to the obama foundation, and i am very interested in what it can do. Evening, atuesday book prescription for the future. Some of the easter egg rolls we are delivering it at home or for other facilities. Big, a big part of transformation. We should not be in facilities. Announcer wednesday at 8 00 personal profiles of President Trumps cabinet, jeffding jeff sus and sessions and Rex Tillerson and nikki haley. we are going to follow through, and i do not think we will be shy about the values of america. Then we willd continue with the personal profiles, including betsy devos, ben carson, and scott pruitt. Together have entered to address the issues, involving the epa, and it is something that should be commended and celebrated. Announcer friday, Maria Shriver and others testify on aging, about efforts to two or alzheimers disease. To study women and getting more women into cynical trials could possibly lead to a cure for all of us. Announcer on cspan. Announcer earlier today, President Trump welcomed guests to the administrations first easter egg. He was joined by First Lady Melania Trump and their son bar ron. Here is a look. President trump what a great voice. Thank you very much. Great job. I want to thank everybody. This is the 139th easter