Have you ever dreamt of a flying car . Well, the ceo of a company aptly called kitty hawk tells me it may be possible and sooner than we think. Why dont we just fly . The sky is empty. The sky is so ample. Its so big. Do you have what it takes to be the next steve jobs . Ill talk to Walter Isaacson, the buy agra fer of Albert Einstein, steve jobs, Benjamin Franklin, and now Leonardo Da Vinci about what makes a genius. Curiosity. A just absolutely random, absolutely playful and passionate curiosity is something that connects ben franklin, steve jobs, lee nonar da vinci, and the cool thing about it is you and i can do that. The world wastes onethird of all its food. Blue hill chef dan barber will talk to me about ideas to solve this global tragedy. Its about the utilization of every part of the plant, every part of the farm. Plus as Artificial Intelligence gets more advanced, many people worry that robots and automation will displace their jobs. Ill sit down with two m. I. T. Scholars who discuss using a. I. , Artificial Intelligence, to enhance human work. We can bring minds and machines together intelligently, they can cancel out each others mista mistakes. Finally a neuroscientist talks to me about a threat many of us will face. Well hear what we can all do to stave off alzheimers. Theres been a lot of research to show there are Lifestyle Changes that we can make that help actually prevent the biological advancement of the disease. All this coming up in this special hour of gps, the next big idea. Lets get started. Roads . Where were going we dont need roads. From the delorean to the jetsons, from Chitty Chitty bang bang to harry potter, flying cars have made appearances on big and Small Screens for decades. Purely the stuff of cinematic magic, the reality of personal flying vehicles has always seemed light years away. Well, not if my next guest has anything to say about it. As an adjunct professor at stanford university, specializes in robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and education among many other things. He founded google x as well as a company dedicated to bringing Tech Education online. He led googles selfdriving car team, and he has been called the father of the selfdriving car. Now he has set his sights on the skies. Hes the ceo of kitty hawk, a Company Working toward revolutionizing transportation by making the dream of personal flying vehicles a reality. Welcome, sebastian. Very good seeing you. Why are you doing this . Is there an origin story here . I have always wondered if we can make transportation safer, and selfdriving cars has this tragic story of a good friend of mine who died in a traffic accident. But at some point it dawned on me if we stay on the ground, if we keep using roads and bridges and tunnels, we wont get rid of congestion. Were going to have an increasing number of wait times and traffic. And then i asked myself why dont we just fly . The sky is empty. The sky is so ample. Its so big. Why cant we inevent something that flies us . Peter thiel has famously said we thought this Technology Revolution would get us flying cars and instead, all we got was 140 characters. Hes wrong. Hes wrong. Were working on flying cars. You have a video you havent shared with the public yet. It looks like a helicopter. It takes off vertically, transitions to a horizontal plane, then lands vertically. And you feel like youve achieved a test flight with this vehicle, right . How far along are you . Yes. Weve been working with this, with nasa, for about six to seven years. And in around 2013, we started flying our First Electric aircraft. And the video that we show is where we flew vertically and transitioned to about 60 Miles Per Hour horizontally and then safely landed again. Since weve made a lot of progress. When i think about this, im also thinking, my god, theres going to be chaos up there. Youre going to have these drones, you know, with humans in them, and theyre going to bump into each other. There will be traffic in the sky just like there is here, except its dangerous because if somebody bumps into the other, theyre going to crash and die. Agreed theres an issue about how to deconflict flying vehicles if all of us use them every day to and from work. But theres much more space in the sky than on the ground, and having worked on selfdriving cars, i can tell you theres lots of stuff you can do on the ground that doesnt exist in the air. On the ground, say you have two rounds and theyre at a right angle, and people drive this way and drive this way. To deconflict cars, we put in things like stop signs and traffic lights to make sure we dont bump into them. In the air, you let these guys go 100 feet higher than these guys. All of a sudden, they can just fly both at the direction they wish. By having the altitude, you get so much more space that the deconflicting issue becomes much easier in the air than on the ground. So you use this for short trips. Youre able to do it, but again im thinking that means lots of people are Grocery Shopping at the same time. But you look at a city like new york, a city like chicago, a city like beijing, and you still think everyone can go Grocery Shopping in the sky . If i talk to my friends in new york that cross the lincoln tunnel every day, i think theres a real pain point here. If you were to Cross Lincoln tunnel in the sky, it would take two or three minutes, okay . But it is a vision. In new york in particular, in 1900 where all transportation was horse based, and in 1930, where it was car based, it took 30 years. That doesnt mean were wrong. Its going to take some time. We have to work out the r regulations and airspace management. But i think we will transition from a society that is ground based to one that transportation will eventually be in the sky. Whats the cost . We havent set a price point for our vehicle yet, but if you work it out, a flying car shouldnt cost more than a regular car. Wow. And are there any kind of implications here, you know, crime, terrorism . This is a pretty powerful vehicle in some sense in that it can go anywhere. The way i look at this is almost anything you can buy can be used in a bad way. Even a kitchen knife can be used in a bad way. Were working hard on making this a safe technology. We believe very firmly that a flight vehicle should and must be safer than a ground vehicle. You have another vehicle called the flyer. Whats that . Its the smallest vehicle weve built, and its there as a personal fun vehicle. We fly over water and so on. It everyonables people to learn to fly in five minutes and take to the skies. Its like a sports car for water, but it gives the experience of flight to everybody. I mean flying is everybody boys and every girls dream. Now we get this infinite freedom to take to the skies. Its easier to learn how to fly our vehicle, our flyer, than it is to learn to ride a bicycle. Why is that . Because we use computers. We use computers to do all the hard stuff that you dont want to care about as a human pilot, and we give you a joystick. And its really fun. Its the funnest thing ive ever done. Flying is every boys and every girls dream. You good et th its a transfo experience. Pleasure to have you on. Next on gps, what does playing the violin have to do with theoretical physics . I sit down with Walter Isaacson to discuss the birth of innovation and what makes a genius. Us lives here. Where we can find common ground. Big enough to dance on. For a better us, donate to your local y today. Nice man cave man. Oh nacho . [ train whistle blows ] what . stop it mmhmm. Weve been saving a lot of money ever since we switched to progressive. This bar is legit. And now we get an even bigger discount from bundling home and auto. I can get used to this. It might take a minute. Swing and a miss slam dunk touchdown together sports this holiday, the real gift isnt whats inside the box. Its whats inside the person who opens it. Give ancestrydna, the only dna test that can trace your origins to over 150 ethnic regions. And open up a world of possibilities. Save 20 for the holidays at ancestrydna. Com. Hes a nascar champion whos shes a worldclass swimmer whos stared down the best in her sport. But for both of them, the most challenging opponent was. Pe blood clots in my lung. It was really scary. A dvt in my leg. I had to learn all i could to help protect myself. My doctor and i choose xarelto® xarelto®. To help keep me protected. Xarelto® is a latestgeneration blood thinner. Thats proven to treat and reduce the risk of dvt and pe blood clots from happening again. In clinical studies, almost 98 of patients on xarelto® did not experience another dvt or pe. Heres how xarelto works. Xarelto® works differently. Warfarin interferes with at least six bloodclotting factors. Xarelto® is selective. Targeting just one critical factor, interacting with less of your bodys natural bloodclotting function. Dont stop taking xarelto® without talking to your doctor as this may increase risk of blood clots. While taking, you may bruise more easily, or take longer for bleeding to stop. It may increase your risk of bleeding if you take certain medicines. Xarelto® can cause serious, and in rare cases, fatal bleeding. Get help right away for unexpected bleeding, unusual bruising, or tingling. If youve had spinal anesthesia, watch for back pain or any nerve or musclerelated signs or symptoms. Do not take xarelto® if you have an artificial heart valve or abnormal bleeding. Tell your doctor before all planned medical or dental procedures and before starting xarelto® about any conditions, such as kidney, liver, or bleeding problems. Youve got to learn all you can. To help protect yourself from dvt and pe blood clots. Talk to your doctor about xarelto®. Theres more to know. Thomas edison said genius is 1 inspiration and 99 perspiration. Is that really the case . This is how you turn it on. His hard work steve jobs transformed our world with the iphone. What was it exactly about Leonardo Da Vinci that motivated him to dissect human bodies, invent a flying machine and paint a knowing smile on the mona lisa . What makes a genius . At the aspen institute, i sat down with Walter Isaacson, biographer of all these men and more, to answer that question. Walter, pleasure to have you on. This show is one of my favorites too every year, so thanks for having me. Youve studied da vinci now, before that ben franklin, Albert Einstein, steve jobs. Some people would regard Henry Kissinger also as a highly innovative person. Is there a common feature . If somebody says to you, what makes somebody innovative at this world historical level . Especially with steve jobs, ben franklin, and even einstein, you look around, and they love to cross disciplines. They love the humanities and the sciences. And Leonardo Da Vinci is sort of the ult maimate in that, somebo who wasnt just smart, but had a playful curiosity about everything there was to know. And just like steve jobs loved design and loved, you know, calligraphy, but he also loved electronics, i think innovation comes from crossing disciplines. You know, theres a story that einstein tells that when he would get stuck on a physics problem sometimes, hed stop. Hed go and play the violin. Yeah. And hed come back and there are now people who said youre actually exercising different parts of the brain when you do that, and that produces precisely the literal cross fertilization. When he was trying to get general relativity, all the years in 1912, 1913, hes living in berlin, and he gets stumped. Hed play mozart on his violin and hed say, that reconnects me to the harmony of the universe. And it was that ability to feel the aharmonies of music and harmonies of natures laws that is the exemplar of what weve been talking about. Is there a difference between the kind of genius that an Albert Einstein has and the inventiveness of a ben franklin . I think a lot of people will say to themselves, look, im never going to be einstein, but i wonder what is it that made ben franklin be able to invent bifocals or look at the lightning and say, i wonder if theres some way to conduct that. Its a great question because einstein had a mental Processing Power that we will never come close to. We cannot aspire to be einstein. But Benjamin Franklin, like Leonardo Da Vinci and like steve jobs werent necessarily the, you know, smartest in terms of just pure mental Processing Power. But they had a playful curiosity. And franklin would just travel around. Hed see a whirlwind and have to chase it along and come up with the notion of the gulfstream and northeastern storms. So curiosity, a just absolutely random, absolutely playful and passionate curiosity is something that connects ben franklin, steve jobs, Leonardo Da Vinci. And the cool thing about it is you and i can do that. How much does hard work play a role in this . Edison famously said genius is 99 perspiration, 1 inspiration. Is that true . I think you have to work hard, but, you know, as i look at people, it wasnt hard work that got Benjamin Franklin or steve jobs or Leonardo Da Vinci where he was. It was just sort of a continuous curiosity about nature, a passion, a willingness to observe things. So, yes, i think for some people, over and over again, and that makes you a very deep in one field type of genius. But what im talking about is a genius that can cross many disciplines, and thats got to come from almost having attention deficit disorder, not from just hard persistence. What about failure . One of the most famous elements of steve jobs life is that stanford commencement address he gives, and he talks about how he basically had to deal with these extraordinary setbacks in his life. He founds a company, and he gets fired from it. The company starts doing terribly. Then he gets a diagnosis of cancer. When you look at these characters, do you think their ability to deal with failure, with setback, is crucial . Yeah, i think resilience is part of just being a driven, optimistic personality. If you want to talk about it with einstein, when hes doing general relativity in berlin at that time, youre talking about a huge rise in antisemitism. Kiz hes got to leave. So this ability to continue to continue to bounce back, that along with curiosity, imagination, and a willingness to cross disciplines all brings together a sense of genius to me. I want to know about your creative process. How do you work . I tend to write storytelling narratives. If its going to be Henry Kissinger or steve jobs or da vinci, its going to start when theyre born and take them through life. I think people accumulate wisdom as they move on, and something that happens in 1922 affects whats going to happen and what youre going to do in 1923. So when i write, i try to start with a chronology and then step back and say, patterns, themes, and all great innovators, they say patterns and themes. They cross the disciplines. They say, i get it, that swirl and air and that curl of hair, they have a certain type of pattern. And i think when you look at a narrative, whats important if youre trying to talk about innovation is say what patterns are emerging. Do you think theres a particular is that an innate skill that people have . Because pattern recognition, i think, is the hardest thing. We have so much noise, that finding that signal is very hard. I dont know. Its one of the cool things about it is we were just talking about Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning. Thats a thing that machines have the most problems with. So if you can train yourself as a human to be good at pattern recognition, then maybe youll outrun the Artificial Intelligence machines gunning for your job. On that hopeful note, pleasure to have you on. Its always great. Thank you. Up next, waste not, want not. Why one world renowned chef is turning garbage into gourmet cuisine. T ranked mattress in Customer Satisfaction by jd power, its easy to love. Find your exclusive retailer at tempurpedic. Com would you ever throw out a third of the pizza you just ordered . Probably not. How about a third of that hamburger your friend just grilled up . Unlikely. A third of your Ice Cream Cone . Probably never. But believe it or not, about onethird of all the food produced in the world each year for humans is thrown out. More than 1. 4 billion tons according to the u. N. That is the weight about 3. 5 million fully loaded 747s. And americans are the worst offenders, throwing away almost as much food as they consume according to the guardian. So what to do . My next guest has some ideas and the influence to implement them. Dan barber is the chef and owner of the highly acclaimed blue hill restaurants in the new york area. One of the obamas first date nights as president and first lady as at blue hill in manhattan, and blue hill at stone barns as been called the best restaurant in america and one of the best in the world by those who rank these things. Pleasure to have you on. Why are we throwing out so much food. The American Food culture or lack thereof allows us to eat what i call high on the hog, which is to say the middle of the animal, the cuts that we have become not just accustomed to but that we expect twice a day, seven days a week, and thats an american invention actually. And unfortunately, were exporting that to the rest of the world. You say its actually bad from the point of view of gourmet cuisine because were missing out on taste. Yeah. You say all great cuisine begins with rejects. I dont think our style of cooking this sixounce piece of protein centered on the plate with a smattering of vegetables and grains on the side is actually very delicious in the end. When you look at the great cuisines of the world, what youre looking at is offcuts and imagination and creativity and transmutation and creating these delicious you think of coq au vin. Well, its a rooster that tastes like this, but when you braise it in white wine and vegetables, you create one of the great iconic french dishes in that culture. Same with booyah base. Thats trash fish that couldnt be sold at the market that the fishermens wives created as stew for the fishermen. These are all dishes that came out of a culture of being unable to waste food because there wasnt enough produced. America unfortunately has a tradition where theres just abundance everywhere you look. Unfortunately the food culture thats arisen has suffered because of it. You have a solution, and you call it wasted, as it waste education. Explain. We turned blue hill in new york city, a restaurant in the west village, into a restaurant devoted to food waste. We created a menu around dishes that were 100 headed for the trash. And it was a little bit of provocative work there. We had dishes like dumpster dive salad, and we had a dish we called dog food. That was a little bit too ignite some interest and provocation, but a lot of it was really to look at what we can utilize that we otherwise dont covet. Part of the responsibility of a chef and a restaurant one could say is to spark that kind of interest in that conversation. The food waste issue too much concentrates on ugli fruits and vegetables, low hanging fruit really when you look at the global food system and you look at die ets and the american diet. And you look at things like you mentioned at the beginning of this piece, the pizzas and the hamburgers. Well, 90 million acres of corn and soy rotations take up a big percentage of the grains that are produced in this country. 90 million acres of corn and soy. We dont eat any of the corn and soy. We feed it to chickens and to cows. Thats an inefficient system, which is a wasteful system. When you had all these fancy diners coming to your restaurants and you would give them serve them essentially garbage on fancy plates, how did they react . Well, yeah. Actually there were lines out the door, and i think part of that is the provocation, but part of it is this idea of a restaurant we think of restaurants as places of escape, and we ought to be thinking about them as places of connection, to big ideas and to big issues where the culture needs to shift. To that point, do you think this is doable . Do you think realistically one hears about american excess whether its with Energy Consumption or food, and theres a tendency to wonder is this ever going to change . We have always been a rich country. Do you think you can get somewhere on this. Whats promising is that we tend to move quickly with new ideas with sort of dizzying speed. I think of sushi but also of greek yogurt, of kale, items that were inconceivable to be popular five or ten years ago. And with American Food culture, the change is rapid. That doesnt happen in other cultures, for good reason, because they have a pattern of eating that actually supports a food tradition and a culture and a landscape. Whats needed for the future is to set the stage for how do we think about a pattern of eating that reflects and supports the landscape. When we do that, when we truly support a landscape, were going to be soaking up a ton of waste and inculcating it into our everyday diets in ways that our pleasurable. To me the message of food waste is not a wagging of the finger, which i tend to do, but instead a pleasure principle. Its really about hedonism, taking these uncoveted and undesired foods and transforming them into something delicious. Thats what chefs do, which is why i think they have a role to play in solving this problem of 40 of our food thats produce san diego wasted. Pleasure to have you on. Thank you, fareed. Up next, computers may one day help us fly a car, but will they also take all our jobs . Will we be a society on permanent vacation . Thats what many scare mongers may warn you. My next guests say be skeptical. Made with fresh fuji apples in a madefromscratch crust. Making you the best guest ever. Because the holidays call for marie callenders. From thecompanystore. Comwith the new lacrosse comforter making you the best guest ever. Made in america and handcrafted in wisconsin. Our exclusive hypoallergenic down and special breathing technology senses your body to never be too hot or too cold, so you are guaranteed the best sleep ever. Starting at only 99 including shipping and a lifetime guarantee. For your best friend our new dog beds are just as dreamy and made with the same quality and advanced technology. This offer is for a limited time, so visit thecompanystore. Com today. Guess what i just got . Hello again. Hi. Get up to 400 towards a galaxy note8 or s8 with qualifying tradein. Only on samsung. Com resolution 1 binge more. Join the uncarrier, and get four unlimited lines for forty bucks each. With netflix included. Watch however you want. On your phone, tablet, or tv. Lets rock this joint the Industrial Revolution ushered in the first machine age, which brought the world the steam engine, radios, cars and much more. Were now in a second machine age in which technicalle advances in Artificial Intelligence are reshaping our world. The fear across america and the world is that this new era will mean massive job losses. But the authors of a new book say it is up to employers to navigate this brave new world using technology to enhance human work, not necessarily replace it. The authors direct m. I. T. s initiative on the digital economy. The new book is called machine platform crowd, harnessing our digital future. Welcome, both. Andrew, let me start with you. You dont contest at all that if you think that computers are automating work and, you know, basically taking away some jobs, you aint seen nothing yet. Absolutely, and thats a line that eric and i use a lot mainly because were seeing a second surge in computers capability. In the first surge they got good at routine work and lousy at anything that required subtlety, nuance, pattern matching, these deeply human skills. What we see now in this era of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning is the computers are getting really good at exactly those abilities which until pretty recently we thought were the domain of human beings alone. We all know computers have been able to beat human chess masters. We know theyve been able to beat the jeopardy champions, and thats even harder because its a more complicated way of thinking. Why is it so important that the computer has now been able to beat the worlds go champion, go being the chinese game that many people regard as being almost impossible . Yeah, go has been completely different, and computers have been laughably bad at it up until just a couple years ago. There are two main reasons. One is that there are so many possible go moves that you cant simulate your way to victory. There are more possible go moves than there are atoms in the universe. In the old world of computing, if nobody could explain how to do something, you could not embed that in software. Whats crazy to eric and me and lots of other people is that thats no longer an impediment to automation. And thats this new age of Artificial Intelligence. Exactly. With newer learning, where the machine is actually teaching itself. This is probably the most important thing to understand about the current wave of Artificial Intelligence, really Machine Learning, because instead of us giving instructions step by step of what the machine to do, we give the machine examples. This is success. This is a failure. This is the word yes. This is the word no. This is a picture of a dog. This is a picture of a cat. Cancer, not cancer. Go victory, not go victory. If you give enough examples, they can learn. Give me a sense of some of the kinds of jobs that you see as being transformed if not replaced. Right. Well transformed is exactly the right word because the problem we face today is not a World Without work. Its a world of rapidly changing work. And work doing routine, repetitive kinds of tasks, those are getting more and more done. Also a lot of power matching jobs, some of them quite high paid like pathologists or radiologists are going to be affected. I think of lawyers, a lot of work of discovery. At jpmorgan, there are hundreds of thousands of hours that have now been done by machines. I think the best way to think about it is more at the task level than the job level. Weve looked at it and we see parts of different jobs are being affected but still other parts may become more important, especially those that involve interacting with other humans, that involve creating and setting the jaends to find the problems to go after. Eric and i think theres a lot of work in the middle of the skill ladder and down lower in the skild ladder thats not about to go away. In the middle, a good oldfashioned manager is easy to make fun of with dilbert cartoons. When you look at what middle managers actually do, they motivate, they persuade, negotiate, coordinate. Theyre kind of the transmission belts of information and ideas in an organization. I have not yet seen the digital middle manager that could bring a Team Together and lead them in the correct direction, and he dont think thats coming tomorrow. I still wonder, you know, we have this great problem that were now all focused on, which is what do you do about the guy without the college degree, the person in rural pennsylvania and ohio, used to work on a steel plant or maybe a truck driver, 55 years old, and lets say selfdriving trucks come along. Whats their future in this world . Lets just be real clear. This we think is the biggest challenge for our society in the coming decade, and we should not take it lightly. Technology is advancing faster than it did in past decade. We need to change the dfrgs r conversation to working to identify the new jobs. We need to reinvent education, more fundamentally. We need to actually boost entrepreneurship, not because everyones going to become an entrepreneur but because those are the people in our society that are tasked with inventing new jobs. How do Companies Best integrate this Artificial Intelligence in a way that supplements human jobs rather than replacing them . Its one of the big pieces of homework for Companies Going forward because if they get the balance between minds and machines wrong, theyre going to get outcompeted by somebody who gets it right. One of my main takeaways is were way too fond of, were way to confident of human judgment, human intuition. Its not that stuff is worthless, but the computers are demonstrating theyre actually really, really good at it. I think in many cases we need to flip the balance around, let the computers take the lead and have the humans double checking, intervening when the computers do something dumb. The good news there is that computers make very different kinds of mistakes than people do. So if we can bring minds and machines together intelligently, they can cancel out each others mistakes instead of doubling down on them. Thank you both. Its been a pleasure. Thanks, fareed. Up next, alzheimers may note be curable, but is it possibly preventable . The neuroscientist lisa genova joins me to talk about it. So far in this hour, youve heard a lot about peoples ability to think, to create, to make decisions. But what if those abilities begin to wane . For many of us, they will. While deaths from Heart Disease have decreased by 11 since 2000, deaths from alzheimers have increased by 123 . In fact, one in three seniors dies with alzheimers or another form of dementia according to the alzheimers association. The numbers are astonishing. It is a disease for which there is no cure. But my next guest says it does not have to be our brains destiny, that we can and should do certain things that can help stave it off whatever our age. Lisa genova is a har var trained neuroscientist and a novelist. Shes the author of still alice upon which the Academy Award winning film is based. Pleadsure to have you on. Thank you. Just so that a layman can understand, what is alzheimers simply . So what happens with alzheimers, we think the disease begins with a buildup of a protein, the bad guy that starts this. This protein is normally released into the synapse, which is the space in between two neurons where they connect and communicate. Normally its cleared away, but for some reasons, it can build up over time, and when this happens, it sticks to itself and forms plaques. So you may have heard of am alloyd plaques. Once it builds up to a Tipping Point, it will cause a bunch of molecular events in the brain that lead to the death of the youre r neurons. This Tipping Point is sort of more important than others sometimes . Whats interesting about the Tipping Point is that you can have this the disease can be ongoing in your brain without you knowing for 10 to 20 years, we think. Before the Tipping Point, you dont have symptoms of alzheimers. Once it hits the Tipping Point, i liken the accumulation of the plaques as like a lit match. And once it hits the Tipping Point, it sets fire to a forest. But as you say, given that its dormant, what are the kinds of things one can do to make sure that you either stave off or ameallzheimers . Theres are Lifestyle Changes that can help prevent the biological advancement of the disease. One of the alarming new areas of research has to do with sleep. So in deep sleep, in slowwave sleep, our glial cells clear away metabolic waste that accumulates in those synapses while we were in the business of being awake. And one of the things it clears away is the bad guy that starts the alzheimers disease. But what happens if you dont get a good nights sleep . Whoo happ what happens in you debriev yourself of that sleep . The cells didnt get a chance to clear everything away so you start the next day with some buildup. Over time, that can lead you to that Tipping Point. Heart disease, heart health. We know through lots of studies that high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, diabetes, and smoking all increase our risk of getting alzheimers. Autopsy studies show that weve seen in models that aerobic exercise clears that away and it shows that mediterranean diet leads to a decrease in dementia by a third. What about the idea that i should be learning ancient greek when im 75. That triggers keeping the brain active helps. Ancient greek would be quite an accomplishment. This idea of learning new things. The general public has a sense of if i do crossword puzzles, i wont get alzheimers. They are on the right track, but they are mostly retrievering information you have already got stored. You want to learn new things. Every time you learn something new, you are building new synapses. The more you learn, the more back up cognitive reserve you have got. There was this great study where these nuns were followed for two decades in older age. 75 and older. When they died their brains were donated for autopsy. One of the shocking things that came out is some of the brains look like clear alzheimers pathology. It has paths and brain tangles. The scientists looking at these said these nuns clearly had alzheimers, yet when you look at how they lived, they were not diagnosed with alzheimers. They had no symptoms. Why . We think its because they had a high level of cognitive reserve. These nuns were highly educated. They had a high degree of litera literacy. They were always learning new things. We think they had an abundance and redunceancy of neural connections that spared them from noticing that a lot of the neurons of compromised by disease. Do you think that we will get to a place where alz himers is cured and is it a kind of disease that one could imagine . Yes, absolutely. One of the things im really excited about and advising a team of folks working on creating an exprize for alzheimers, we dont have to feel helpless about it. We have treatments and survivors for cancer and hiv. We treat Heart Disease 30 years before the person will ever have a heart attack. There is no reason why we couldnt have a blood that that shows you are at risk for alz hime e himers and i think we will get there and we have to otherwise we will have a crisis like no other in the near future. When we come back, i will give you my take on all these big ideas and what this innovation could mean for the future. Hi. Im the one clocking in when youre clocking out. Sensing your every move and automatically adjusting to help you stay effortlessly comfortable. I can even help with a silent night. Does your bed do that . I dont actually talk but i can tell you how you slept. Im the new sleep number 360 smart bed. Lets meet at a sleep number store. Run, jthe power of in to tempurpedic sleep with our 90day trial and being the highest ranked mattress in Customer Satisfaction by jd power, its easy to love. Find your exclusive retailer at tempurpedic. Com ancestrydna can pinpoint where your ancestors are from. And the paths they took to a new home. Could their journey inspire yours . Order your kit at ancestrydna. Com hes a nascar champion whos shes a worldclass swimmer whos stared down the best in her sport. But for both of them, the most challenging opponent was. Pe blood clots in my lung. It was really scary. A dvt in my leg. I had to learn all i could to help protect myself. My doctor and i choose xarelto® xarelto®. To help keep me protected. Xarelto® is a latestgeneration blood thinner. Thats proven to treat and reduce the risk of dvt and pe blood clots from happening again. In clinical studies, almost 98 of patients on xarelto® did not experience another dvt or pe. Heres how xarelto works. Xarelto® works differently. Warfarin interferes with at least six bloodclotting factors. Xarelto® is selective. Targeting just one critical factor, interacting with less of your bodys natural bloodclotting function. Dont stop taking xarelto® without talking to your doctor as this may increase risk of blood clots. While taking, you may bruise more easily, or take longer for bleeding to stop. It may increase your risk of bleeding if you take certain medicines. Xarelto® can cause serious, and in rare cases, fatal bleeding. Get help right away for unexpected bleeding, unusual bruising, or tingling. If youve had spinal anesthesia, watch for back pain or any nerve or musclerelated signs or symptoms. Do not take xarelto® if you have an artificial heart valve or abnormal bleeding. Tell your doctor before all planned medical or dental procedures and before starting xarelto® about any conditions, such as kidney, liver, or bleeding problems. Youve got to learn all you can. To help protect yourself from dvt and pe blood clots. Talk to your doctor about xarelto®. Theres more to know. Wifiso if you cant live without it. T it. Why arent you using this guy . It makes your wifi awesomely fast. No. Still nope. Now were talking it gets you wifi here, here, and here. It even lets you take a time out. No no yes yes, indeed. Amazing speed, coverage and control. All with an xfi gateway. Find your awesome, and change the way you wifi. For the last quarter century, we had a simple view of innovation. Worship form. Innovation was celebrated because it celebrated human junuous and inventiveness. The economic effects were positive and the social consequences were liberating and we were awe struck by the wealth amassed by the wizards of the innovation era. I believe we are now entering a new age. In which innovation will be given far greater scrutiny. We will ask whether the technologies increase productivity and if they do, how come it doesnt show up in the economic statistics. More importantly we will ask if they create new industries and opportunities not just for a few highly skilled people, but for many. Why is it that so many people in the most advanced societies in the world are struggling to find good jobs with good pay. We will ask how genuinely open and competitive this new innovation economy is and how it is that a handful of companies dominate the entire digital economy. This space is where they have massive advantages to where they are the first mover or First Company to channel the distribution. There appear to be natural monopolies to form. You can slowly but surely put out those out of business. There is no point of being the second best search imagine or market place online. Everyone will go to the first. If all that is true, why has the government not tried harder to create a genuine level Playing Field or distributed more of the gains from these winnings to society at large . We will ask whether the social consequences of the new technologies are so liberating. Whether work and family life, friends and human bonds are all enhanced by the smart phones to which we are all addicted. Has the pervasive and loss of privacy been worth it . The new skepticism will often go overboard just as did the adulation of the past. Perhaps we can come to a sensible middle ground where we can admire innovation and ask serious questions about its effects. Innovation after all comes from the latin root of new, to introduce something new. Is new always better . Thats the question we might find ourselves debating in the years ahead. Thanks for watching. I will see you next week. Hello, everyone and welcome. Its Christmas Eve and thank you for joining us. Im fredricka whitfield. President trump is at his private resort in florida spending Christmas Eve morning talking to u. S. Troops. I just wanted to wish everybody a very merry christmas. We say christmas again. Very, very merry christmas. To have a great year. It will be an incredible year. Im thrilled to bring seasons greetings on behalf of the first lady and our entire family and most importantly on behalf of the