Then, from american to iranian politics. The perken people went to the polls last week. Headline after headline said the result was a big win for moderates there. So has the obama strategy with iran worked . I will ask two distinguished iran experts, vali nasr and from tehran, thomas erdbrink. And what characteristics would your perfect child have . Blue eyes, green, or brown . Blond hair, brown, black, or red . In time, you might be able to order the specific child via gene editing. I will talk to one of the pioneers in this fascinating field, jennifer doudna. Also a countrys capital and many other cities, a quarter Million People, plunged into the darkness by a devastating cyberattack. And officials warn, it could happen next in the United States. But first, heres my take. A main cause of the rise of extremism in the world of islam has been the cowardice of muslim moderates who for decades whos not to condemn bad ideas and ugly rhetoric. Fearing that theyd be seen simply as ideological weaklings, they avoided confronting the cancer in plain sight. It is now clear that a similar dynamic has been at play in the world of conservativive. Mitt romney should be congratulated for making a speech calling donald trump a phony and a fraud. But where was he when, in 2012, trump was pushing his nasty and utterly false campaign, casting doubt on president obamas american citizenship . By trumps side in las vegas, as we are reminded in why the right went wrong. There are some things you cant imagine happening in your life. Having his he endorsement is a delight. While he generally issued birtherism, romney fed the fires late that year by joking, no ones ever asked to see my birth certificate. There have always been radicals on both side of the political spectrum, but what is different about the conservative movement is that since the 1990s, some of the most distinguished mainstream members have embraced rhetoric and tactics of the extremes. A memo put out by Newt GingrichsPolitical Action committee that decade urged republican candidates to use savage rhetoric against a democratic opponent. Some of the recommended words were, failure, pathetic, disgrace, and incompetent. In the last month, donald trump has called mitt romney a failed candidate, jeb bush, pathetic, lindsey graham, a disgrace, and president obama, totally incompetent. Perhaps he read the memo. It is courageous of dozens of republican foreign policies leaders now to sign an open letter condemning trump publicly and refusing his candidacy. Over last decade i can recall conservatives with many individuals in which theyve refused to accept there was any problem within the Republican Party, attributing such criticism to media bias. We still see this denial by some commentators with their bizarre claims of the rise of trump is really all the fault of president obama. The logic varies. For some it is because he has been so weak. The wall street journal editorial page opined, the oldest truism in politics is that demagogues flourish in the absence of leadership. I mft confess to never having heard that truism and wondered how it would explain the rise of father cough lynn and huey long or Joseph Mccarthy under eisenhower. For others obama has been too strong, abusing executive power and elevating himself to Center Celebrity stage. Apparently having oprah share the stage with you leads to authoritarian populism. A much simpler explan in addition to for donald trump, republicans have fed the country ideas about decline, betrayal, treason. They have encouraged force of antiintellectualism, obstructism and pop lich. They have flirted with pig autry and racism. Trump chose to unashamedly embrace all of it saying, plainly what they were hinted at for years. Doing so, he hit the jackpot. The problem is not that Republican Leaders should have begun to condemn trump last year. It is that they should have condemned the ideas and tactics that led to his rise when they began to flourish in the last century. For more, go to cnn. Com fareed and read my the Washington Post column this week. And lets get started. Youve heard my thoughts on the subject. Let bring in two of 0 the nations most prominent columnist, one liberal, one conservative. Paul krugman, oped columnist for the New York Times. Paul has won new york prize. You had a political column in which you said this is now the kind of conservative counter. The question is, who is to blame, how did it happen . Its a big question. Obviously a lot of reasons but one of them, i put the immediate blame on the failure of people like rush limbaugh, mark levine, to call out trump, a lot of people in the conservative media who sort of made a guy whose Politics Around aligned with much of the Republican Party or the conservative movement make him seem like a respectable plausible president ial candidate when i wish, back in the summer when he was a soap bubble, that they might have popped him. I mean there are other forces at play as well. I mean, trump, i think, is the beneficiary, if thats the word of 0 years of bad economic growth, semi stagnation, low labor participation, people who feel they have been cheated, and he is offering a diet of populist anger which is very attractive to them. If they would listen more closely, maybe they would understand his answers are probably not the ones that are going to help them out. What do you think . I think its its just coming out into the open, something thats been a part of modern conservatism in america for a very, very long time. When i read brets column, i almost fell off my chair. Bill buckley, the epitome of the clean conservatism, none of this this is the bill buckley who wrote the south must prevail, White Community in the south entitled to take measures that are necessary to prevail in areas in which it does not predominate numerically us what the White Community is the advanced race. This is part of how americas right has gotten out to vote for iter it for many years and trump is splitting up the package. Hes saying you can have all of that without buying into supply side economics. Im not going to defend what bill buckley wrote 50 years ago but its incredible to suggest the editorial page of the wall street journal arguing for free trade, arguing for a liberal immigration regime, i think has been arguing for a responsible Foreign Policy that opposes dictators like putin suddenly should be blamed for the rise of trump. I mean i think we are the editorial page on right that has been most outspoken about this kind of populism which, by the way, on economic grounds actually is much closer to professor krugman and its support for or opposition to entitlement reforms, skepticism about free trade. Im not the first to point out that donald trump on economics with the exception of the immigration question is really a figure of the left or maybe of traditional Blue Collar Union democratic views. What he mixes in that that is a kind of a toxic bigotry, eight tread of mexicans, hatred of muslims. The suggestion of the conservatism, quote, establishment, is responsible for a guy there doing everything in their power to oppose, i mean, it not its not a sense sense si cal argument. A couple of things, discovery that youre making the Republican Base doesnt actually care about any of the economic principles that the republican elite has been espousing. They probably never have. But this is now coming out into the open because, again, as i said the package is being split up. The the idea that this is about economics really does not hold up in the face of the data. If you look where are the areas where trump has the greatest support, they are not well correlated with economic conditions, they are well correlated with racism. And it really is this is the racial enmity, if you like, a big driver of politics in america, the benefit of one party, not the democrats, is now fueling trump. So but among people i talked to it become a running joke. Every time we see very overt racism among Trump Supporters they say look the economic anxiety. This is theres economic anxiety out there, it feeds into everything. But thats not what trump youre not saying something i havent said already. Theres no question theres a lot of bigotry expressed here, particularly when it comes to immigration and its this toxic mix of economic anxiety about competition for lower wage workers, its about free trade, and also this kind of sense that this country is somehow being invaded by aliens who dont belong here. What you need is, in fact, a robust conservative establishment to fight back and say, these are not ideas that are at all representative of our movement and trump is essentially trying to engineer a hostile takeover of what the Republican Party is about. That should mean some support for the republican establishment, socalled, not its denny gration and the strugs were complicit in trumps rise when were the guys trying to fight it and might still prevail in stopping it. You have been very tough on trump, and you have been always free trade opener borders conservative. The argument is that people like you, the wall street journal editorial page and stuff, did not do enough to nip some of these forces in the bud, meaning the birtherism, insin situations that obama was not an american, that he was a muslim. Not remotely true. That sarah palins celebration of antiintellectualism, all of these forces were encouraged. Not remotely true. Read peggy noonan on sarah palin going back to 2008, read my columns of trump when it first became clear he was going to be taken seriously. The suggestion that somehow the editorial page of the wall street journal was winking and nodding at theres kind of these kinds of remarks, birtherism most certainly, conspiracy theorists, like jerome corsi, our record is outstanding in denouncing this kind of thing. By the way, this is true for a great majority of republicans if you add them up, still do the math, i think dont want to see donald trump has their standard bearer. We have to keep in mind that the donald trump is not yet fate acome plea, he does not represent the Republican Party, he represents a wing of the Republican Party. This is a fight within the movement and its a fight that those of us on our side looking at someone like donald trump want to win it. We should be having some help, by the way, from the other side. Bret stephens, as always, thank you for your stops, paul krugman, stay with me. Were going to to come back and talk about the subject you won your nobel prize for, economics. And what is the state of the economy . Fareed zakaria gps is brought to you by it was always just a hobby. Something you did for fun. Until the day it became something much more. And that is why you invest. The best returns arent just measured in dollars. Td ameritrade. Unless you have allergies. , then your eyes may see it differently. Only flonase is approved to relieve both itchy, watery eyes and congestion. No other nasal allergy spray can say that. When we breathe in allergens our bodies react by over producing six key inflammatory substances that cause our symptoms. Most allergy pills only control one substance. Flonase controls six. And six is greater than one. Complete allergy relief or incomplete. Let your eyes decide. Flonase. 61 changes everything. Think you know tmobiles coverage . Think again in the last year weve doubled our lte coverage. Our new extendedrange lte now reaches twice as far. And is 4 times better in buildings. See for yourself at tmobile. Com slash coverage. Text mom. Ill be right back. Be good. Boys have been really good today. Send. Lets get mark his own cell phone. Nice. Send. Brad could use a new bike. Send. [google ] message. You decide. Theyre your kids. Why are you guys texting grandma . It was him. It was him. Keep your family connected. Appconnect. On the newly redesigned passat. From volkswagen. Ive been blind since birth. I go through periods where its hard to sleep at night, and stay awake during the day. Learn about non24 by calling 8448442424. Or visit my24info. Com. I drive to the hoop. I drive a racecar. I have a driver. His name is carl. But thats not what we all have in common. We talked to our doctors about treatment with xarelto®. Xarelto® is proven to treat and help reduce the risk of dvt and pe blood clots. Xarelto® is also proven to reduce the risk of stroke in people with afib, not caused by a heart valve problem. For people with afib currently well managed on warfarin, there is limited information on how xarelto® and warfarin compare in reducing the risk of stroke. You know, taking warfarin, i had to deal with that blood testing routine. I couldnt have a healthy salad whenever i wanted. I found another way. Yeah, treatment with xarelto®. Hey, safety first. Like all blood thinners, dont stop taking xarelto® without talking to your doctor, as this may increase your risk of a blood clot or stroke. While taking, you may bruise more easily and it may take longer for bleeding to stop. Xarelto® may increase your risk of bleeding if you take certain medicines. Xarelto® can cause serious and in rare cases, fatal bleeding. Get help right away for unexpected bleeding, unusual bruising, or tingling. If you have had spinal anesthesia while on xarelto®, watch for back pain or any nerve or muscle related signs or symptoms. Do not take xarelto® if you have an artificial heart valve or abnormal bleeding. Tell your doctor before all planned medical or dental procedures. Before starting xarelto®, tell your doctor about any kidney, liver, or bleeding problems. Xarelto® is the number one prescribed blood thinner in its class. Well that calls for a round of kevin nealons. Make mine an arnold palmer. Same here. With xarelto® there is no regular blood monitoring and no known dietary restrictions. Treatment with xarelto® was the right move for us. Ask your doctor about xarelto®. We are back now on gps with paul krugman, how economics play deeply into the 2016 president ial race and the results weve been seeing. A lot of argument nowaday there is a greater economic anxiety the economy hasnt taken off, the recovery has been incredibly slow, but a lot of people have pointed out the recovery, as it were, has been slow for 15, 20 years, in a sense. Ever since the end of the clinton boom. Thats right. Why is that happening . Well, the real answer is, at least in large part, we dont know. But weve had not a whole lot of producti productivity growth, the pie isnt getting bigger fast and a growing slice is going to a few people at top. Try to ask what thats about, some of it is well, we basically took everything that we learned from the 1930s and proceeded to ignore it. We did all of the wrong things in the face of the financial crisis. We dealt with the immediate crisis, saved the banks, dealt with the crisis, the potential, total downward spiral but everything since then has been moving in the wrong direction. And Larry Summers has an article in Foreign Affairs saying were in an unusual situation, you call it a lick question liquidity trap. He says the only answer right now is really vigorous public spending or tax cuts. Would you agree . I would say that that is the most thats the answer we know would work. And public spending, better than tax cuts for a variety of reasons. Why . Explain that. Well, because tax cuts there always the problem they might not be spent. We have a problem essentially of too much saving chasing too few private investment opportunities. And if you cut taxes, you know, it might simply lead people to save even more, particularly if the tax cuts go to people at the top. So we have a crying need for public spending. Obviously deteriorating infrastructure, we have obvious high needs, and given the environment, this is a time to put unemployed resources to work do all of the spending. You have a great chart in your blog of Construction Spending over the last 20 or 30 years, and there it is. There we are. What it shows is that its extraordinary how really since 0708 its collapsed. A sharp drop. A lot of that because a lot of that is taking place at state and local level. But theres an antispending ideology. Even when its obviously needed. A vested interest, myself, in realtime, between new york and new jersey, which Chris Christie canceled though the feds would have paid for most of the cost to please the Republican Base, who he thought were going to make him their nominee, but anyway, thats an amazing thing. Here we are desperately in need of spending in a financial environment, when if now ever you should be spending only because its so cheap to borrow. The other part of your graph is, yeah, thats the interest rate, cost it would the cost of borrowing the money to spend on infrastructure never been less. Thats 30year bonds. The federal government can borrow for 30 years, at 3 , which adjusted for inflation, is practically nothing. And we have this crying need for public spending and we have this crying need, you know he, the stuff you can see, roads and bridges and all of that, but also the stuff you cant, like sewer lines, and instead were cutting back. And that is that is insane fundamentally. Now, does it worry you that donald trump agrees with you in his Super Tuesday Press Conference, he talked about two public issues, planned parenthood is good and Public Infrastructure is crumbling. My view on the republican side is donald trump is a very frightening guy and so are they all, and in fact, to on the places where he deviates from, republican orthodoxy on economic policy, hes right. I dont want it see him actually making the decisions but from his point of view, possible contracts for his friends or for himself. What what about though i dont know how trump makes sense the other thing he keeps railing about is the debt. If you spend more, the argument goes, at this point, without debt, gdp gone up dramatically this is not the time to add debt. Its high by recent standard a lot of advanced countries including us have higher debt ratios without anything terrible happening. Given what we know, particularly about Infrastructure Spending if if you spend on Public Investment, thats a bigger economy down the road which means more tax receipts and its quite its quite easy to make the case that if anything, its penny wise, poundfoolish, spending more on Public Investment might be a positive in purely fiscal terms. It will degree the economy which will degree tax receipts and degree the denominator. I wouldnt bet my life on that being true but its probably true, but for sure, the true cost of spending more is very little and now, if not now, when . We have unemployed construction workers, unemployed capital, thats what the low Interest Rates are telling you. Put them to work doing things we badly need them to do. Paul krugman, pleasure having you on. The next democratic debate, live from flint, michigan, at 8 00 p. M. Clinton versus sanders, who will come out ahead . Next on gps, a devastating cyberattack overseas. The likes of which u. S. 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So every single day were monitoring the weather, and when storm events arise our forecast get crews out ahead of the storm to minimize any outages. During storm season we want our customers to be ready and stay safe. Learn how you can be prepared at pge. Com beprepared. Together, were building a better california. Now for our what in the world segment. Youve seen the scene . The movies. Shut it down. Cyberterrorists hack into the power grid and shut it down, leaving modern Society Without electricity. Lifeblood of the modern world. Well it looks look a version of that dystopia has actually happened in the real world for the first time. On december 23rd, hackers infiltrated ukraines utilities with a devastating cyberattack leaving almost a quarter of a Million People without power. Three separate Power Companies were hit with malware that destroyed many of their computers, according to a special investigation by the u. S. Department of homeland security, the fbi, and other American Government agencies. The ukrainians believe that russia was responsible because the hackers used tools similar to previous attacks, also alleged by russia. In fact, the blackout was only the latest act of cyberwar in ukraine, part ii originate from russia. Russia hacked ukraines military, stealing valuable information helping russianing baed militants. Russia has faced allegations of hacking ukraine in the past and generally denied or not responded to these claims. The kremlin, to our knowledge, hasnt commented on the power grid attack. A new cyberwar arms race is exploding, one that is smarter and potentially more destructive than anything weve seen before. At least 29 countries now have specific units that conduct offensive hacking operations, the wall street journal reports. Whats more, the United States appears to be ramping up its own cyberattacks. This week defense secretary ash carter said that hackers of the u. S. Cybercommand mounted an offensive against isis from their headquarters in ft. Meade, maryland, overloading Computer Networks and disrupting communications. But while the United States takes on isis the threat to the American Homeland looks severe. In his recent report to congress, assessing threats from around the world, intelligence head James Clapper didnt mention isis or Nuclear Terrorism first, he talked about cyberattacks. Attacks against us are increasing, in frequency, scale, sophistication, and severity of impact. Russia, china, iran, and north korea are the biggest threats, clapper said. And while he downplayed the possibility of a catastrophic cyberattack, he said more moderate level attacks could keep coming and inflict a lot of damage. After the attack on ukraines power grid, the Obama Administration told american utilities and other vulnerable targets that what happened in kiev could happen in the United States. Terrorism expert phil mutt told us americas civilian infrastructure is disturbingly vulnerable to cyberterror ump. We are dealing with industries that are designed to provide services to the public, not prevent secret attacks by the russians or chinese, he says. Anyone who tells me were prepared for this, i would say, youre kidding me, he adds. Cyberspace was meant to be the cool, new frontier of knowledge, commerce, and culture. It has now become the new frontier of Great Power Competition and war. And the United States will need to learn how to play defense in cyberspace, just as well as it plays offense. Next on gps, the iranian elections. Who won . The liberals, the moderates, the conservatives, president obama . I will talk to the experts when we come back. At doeook like . Is it becoming a better professor by being a more adventurous student . Is it one day giving your daughter the opportunity she deserves . Is it finally witnessing all the artistic wonders of the Natural World . Whatever your definition of success is, helping you pursue it, is ours. Tiaa. When i was sidelined with blood clots in my lung,h. It was serious. Fortunately, my doctor had a game plan. Treatment with xarelto®. Hey guys hey, finally, somebody i can look up to. Besides arnie. Xarelto® is proven to treat and help reduce the risk of dvt and pe blood clots. Xarelto® is also proven to reduce the risk of stroke in people with afib, not caused by a heart valve problem. For people with afib currently well managed on warfarin, theres limited information on how xarelto® and warfarin compare in reducing the risk of stroke. You know, i tried warfarin, but the blood testing and dietary restrictions. Dont get me started on that. I didnt have to. We started on xarelto®. Nice pass. Safety first. Like all blood thinners, dont stop taking xarelto® without talking to your doctor, as this may increase your risk of a blood clot or stroke. While taking, you may bruise more easily and it may take longer for bleeding to stop. Xarelto® may increase your risk of bleeding if you take certain medicines. Xarelto® can cause serious, and in rare cases, fatal bleeding. Get help right away for unexpected bleeding, unusual bruising, or tingling. If you have had spinal anesthesia while on xarelto®, watch for back pain or any nerve or muscle related signs or symptoms. Do not take xarelto® if you have an artificial heart valve or abnormal bleeding. Tell your doctor before all planned medical or dental procedures. Before starting xarelto®, tell your doctor about any kidney, liver, or bleeding problems. You know xarelto® is the 1 prescribed blood thinner in its class. Thats a big win. It is for me. With xarelto® there is no regular blood monitoring and no known dietary restrictions. 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If you have any sudden decrease or loss in hearing or vision, or any symptoms of an allergic reaction, stop taking cialis and get medical help right away. Ask your doctor about cialis and a 200 savings card is it keeps the food out. For me stop taking cialis and get medical help right away. Before those little pieces would get in between my dentures and my gum and it was uncomfortable. Just a few dabs is clinically proven to seal out more food particles. Super poligrip is part of my life now. 2016, isnt an Election Year only in the United States, although you might think that if youre a consumer of american news. Last friday, 33 million iranians voted, thats reportedly about 60 of eligible voters. Those voters were going to the polls to choose members of parliament, as well as to cast ballots for irans very powerful assembly of experts, the committee of clerics that, among other important duties, chooses the countrys allpowerful supreme leader. So what happened and why does it matter to the rest of the world . Joining me now in tehran is thomas erdbrink, based there for the New York Times, and in new york, vali nasr, former Top State Department official, who is now the dean of Johns Hopkins school of advanced international studies. Vali, let me start with you. Help us understand what actually what happened and who won, you hear a lot about how the liberals won but you hear a lot about how, no, actually the liberals were even allowed to contest because there was a very elaborate screening mechanism which rejected most of the liberal candidates. So just very simply, who won, who lost . Well, this was a humiliating defeat for frs cans, key conservative figures lost seats in the parliament and assembly of experts. Symbolically theres a humiliation for them. This was not a victory for liberals. It was a victory for the group that president rouhani wanted to dominate, centrists in iran, people who would support engagement with the outside world, with support nuclear deal. I would say, you know, in terms of american politics this is between Hillary Clinton and kasich on the republican side. And i think thats what rouhani wanted. He didnt want a reformist victory because that would have been disruptive. He wanted to remove from the parliament those elements going to object to the nuclear deal and further engagement. He wanted to empower the middle around the idea of supporting the nuclear deal and thats the result that he got and hes significant for that reason. Thomas edward you say theres considerable confusion in iran what the results mean . Well, that of course has to do, fareed, with irans electoral system. Here theres no such thing as parties. And the ministry of interior that gives out the official results of the elections has said that 220 seats out of 29 of 0seat parliament had candidates winning the elections, the seats are taken, but they dont disclose the political affiliati affiliation, if you will, of the candidates. It makes it a guessing game for the media to see who has won what. But what is clear, as mr. Nasr also explains this was a big win, least in tehran, for reformists, moderate, kren centrist camp, the label doesnt matter, over the hardliners who have been in power here at least for the past decade. Vali, can you explain why the real liberal wing was not was one that rouhani didnt want . I mean i suppose what youre saying is that the sort of the people from hillary to kasich won, the people, you know, to the right, as it were, the cruzs and trumps i suppose lost. Why did the sanders people not win . Why were they not allowed to run . Why does the rouhani reformist government not want them in the coalition . They were not allowed to run because reformists are seen as being dedicated to changing the system. I think rouhani, from when became president , tried to avoid the idea that he was the president that was going to change irans system, if not sort of topple it. He rather has tried to build a coalition around importance of reforming irans economy, engaging with outside world and concluding a nuclear deal in order to facilitate those things. Its confident there is a broader spectrum of iranian leaders and people across the political spectrum that would support that idea. Vali, is this a vindication of obamas iran strategy . I think so. I think president obama and secretary kerry are big winners in this election because it proves that the assumptions that they had, about the fact that you could milwaukee a deal with iran and that that would probably open the door for greater engagement has not proven right. One of the things that happened in the election, insofar as the election was a referendum on engaging the world and building on a nuclear deal, that now the iranian public has engaged the United States and the outside community and many ways now providing a great deal more support to continuation of engagement, and we have to know that conservatives will continue to control the parliament, irans not going to change quickly, the symbolism of what happened in the election will give much greater room to president rouhani to maneuver and he will also produce a parliament thats not going to be on struxzist as it was before. Thomas, we often here that in iran people are proamerican. Do you think they view this as an opportunity to have further cooperation with the United States . Well, i think the people who voted for this reformist Century Coalition definitely hope that the policies set out by president rouhani and his foreign minister zarif will be continued and of course in the future they are hoping maybe for real diplomatic rerations other than just, you know, to a foreign minister in a secretarial state, picking up a phone and calling even other every now and then. But again, they are realistic. The antiamericanism is one of the pillars of irans official state ideology and it will tack very long time for that just to go away. Still, they hope that this might happen. Again, the people in the cities. But this is not something that the system wants at this point. A vindication i suppose of evolution area change over revolutionary change. Gentlemen, thank you very much. A pleasure to have you on. Only flonase is approved to relieve both itchy, watery eyes and congestion. No other nasal allergy spray can say that. When we breathe in allergens our bodies react by over producing six key inflammatory substances that cause our symptoms. Most allergy pills only control one substance. Flonase controls six. And six is greater than one. Complete allergy relief or incomplete. Let your eyes decide. Flonase. 61 changes everything. So come try the largest variety of lobster dishes of the year, like lobster lovers dream or new dueling lobster tails. Its a party on every plate, and youre invited. So come in while it lasts. Its everything youve ialways wanted. And you work hard to keep it that way. Sometimes. Maybe too hard. Get claim rateguard® from allstate. It helps keep your homeowners rate from going up just because of a claim. So protect your home and your rates. Talk to a local allstate agent and discover how much more their personal service can do for you. He has a sharp wit. A winning smile. And no chance of getting an athletic scholarship. And that is why you invest. The best returns arent just measured in dollars. Td ameritrade. Regularly interspaced, short, palindromic repeats, what in the world do those words mean . The words might save or change your life, so you better get to know them. Those words describe a technique known by its acronym, crispr. It is mind blowing science. Harken back to high school for a second, what you hopefully learned about dna be, those are the double helical strands that contain al of our genetic of course in, software inside each human being. Errors in the dna can lead to disorders and diseases and crispr is able to fix errors getting down to the again net exlevel and cutting out the dna error and in some cases replacing bad code with good code. It extraordinary. But it also strikes fear in the minds of many who worry we are opening a pandoras box. Dr. Jennifer doudna a biochemist at berkeley and a pea ne pionee crispr technology. Jennifer doudna, pleasure to have you on. Pleasure to be here. So, just to understand how this works, if you had Cystic Fibrosis, for example, there it is theres one letter in the genetic code that seems to cause it . You can go in and literally just edit that letter and the person would not have Cystic Fibrosis . Thats the idea, exactly. Cut the dna to repair it in such a way the single letter is replaced with a letter that makes a corrected gene in codes, corrected protein. A technology only 3 1 2 years old and were already seeing, you know, examples of animal models of disease being cured using this. So i think that tells us that we can see that the capabilities of this are powerful. I think that you know, likely within the next maybe one to two years and well see the first Clinical Trials of the technology and its always hard to predict, right . But i think certainly within ten years i would hope we have the first therapies coming forward with this, maybe sooner. Talk about this extraordinary example in brazil where they are using crispr, the technology, to deal with the problem malaria and mosquitoes that carry malaria. One of great things about the technology is it works in any kind of cell, including insects, and one of the ways that its been employed in the laboratory so far is drive a trait through a population very quickly, and a process called gene drive. So the idea with mosquitoes is to use it to actually either deplete a population of mosquitoes or make them incapable of carrying a dangerous virus. So the way you do that is you at the genetic makeup of the mosquito so that it effectively render them infertile, next generation of mosquitoes, right, they cant reproduce themselves, and eventual will they die out. Thats right. Is it working . Well, i think it likely to work. I think its an interesting al tern tifrn to having to use dangerous chemicals to control mosquitos. Were not there yet where you can edit the genes in a way that you can order up a baby that you want, tall, blueeyed, whatever, smart, but clearly there is potential and you are ethical d raises. You can see the technology is going in that direction, it will be possibly to make targeted changes probably to human germ cells and embryos in a way that is effective. So the question is, should we go there . And whats your answer . My answer is i think that, in most cases its hard to imagine why this technology would be necessary for disease therapies in embryos, but i think that for making changes that might be profill lastic, in other words, protective of health, i think that potential is really very interesting. And i would like to see a global discussion about this because i think its something that we as human beings now have to grapple with. We do have the capabilities to change our own dna. The thought of it, what youre talking about is, in a sense, the capacity some point down the road for some country that masters this technology to say, we are going to try to create a master race, everybody in our country will be seven foot tall and smart and very strong. I mean this is not Science Fiction anymore. Yes and no. I mean, its Science Fiction in the sense that today we dont know how to make the changes that would do that. But i think that we can see the capability for doing Something Like that in the not too distant future. Are you excited or apprehensive . Oh, excited. No, i think its wonderful. I think the good to come from this is going to be profound. And i just want to be as a scientist involved in this technology, i really want to be part of, you know, the education about this, part of the discussion around the appropriate use of this, and really inviting a Community Conversation before we have sort of faced imminently with this possibility that you proposed. Zbrejennifer, pleasure have on. Great to be here. Next on gps, why some refugees in berlin are learning a Surprising New language. All explain. I lost my sight in afghanistan. If youre totally blind, you may also be struggling with non24. Calling 8448442424. Or visit my24info. Com. Think you know tmobiles coverage . Think again in the last year weve doubled our lte coverage. Our new extendedrange lte now reaches twice as far. And is 4 times better in buildings. See for yourself at tmobile. Com slash coverage. Dad, yoh no, ill take you up to me off rthe front of the school. Thats where your friends are. Seriously, its, its really fine. You dont want to be seen with your dad . No, its. No. This about a boy . Dad stop, please. Oh, theres tracy. What [ horn honking ] [ forward collision warning ] [ car braking ] bye dad it brakes when you dont. Forward collision warning and autonomous emergency braking. Available on the newly redesigned passat. From volkswagen. Good. 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If we consolidate suppliers, whats the savings there . So should we go with the 467 horsepower . Or is a 423 enough . Good question. You ask a lot of good questions. I think we should move you into our new fund. Sure. Ok. But are you asking enough about how your wealth is managed . Wealth management at charles schwab. Make America Great again. This week, donald trump held his Super Tuesday Press Conference from maralago, lavish 126room palm beach estate that mr. Trump owns. The estate completed in 1927 donated to the United States government by marjorie merryweather post to use as a winter white house. My question of the week which president signed the law to give the property back to the post foundation . Herbert hoover, franklin roosevelt, jimmy carter or Ronald Reagan . Stay tuned. Well tell you the correct answerer. Book of the week, jeff any gardners from silk to silicon author of former deans Yale Business School tells of the growth of globalization through ten extraordinary lives from genghis khan to andy growth. Learn from each of the tales such as cyrus field who first connected the world through the telegraph. Rail against trade and globalization says garden, but its going to keep growing, it our destiny to be ever more connected for the last week, u. N. Ambassador Samantha Powell recently said the refugee problem is a 21st century crisis that needs a 21st century solution. 0. A small scale, some smart people in germany seem to be doing just that. Germany, which officials estimate received more than 1 million refugees last year alone, is grappling with the challenges of integrating them into society. One organization had an unusual idea. In the heart of berlin, refugees from syria, afghanistan, iraq, tunisia, eritrea are learning a language other land deutsche. They are learning programming the new ready school of digital integration. Hightech skills could help them land good jobs. I used to learn programming two years in syria, and here, like, there is so many great programmers and berlin is like the say toer startups. Erm germany needs them. One German Company says there are 43,000 open i. T. Positions in germany. The ready classes are taught mainly in english. Who is this docket folder . But the ones and zeros are universal. Programming of the future. The classes are free and laptops are donated. A bigger name pledged to finance the clasp students were feeling inspired meeting that companys founder. You may recognize Mark Zuckerberg in his signature hoodie. The godfather of our industry. And i got to meet him, like this is really great, this is awesome. 21st century solution, indeed. Heard stories about, like, being programmer, like, Mark Zuckerberg, i start from nothing. And like there are now they are everything. The answer to the question, c, in 1980 president jimmy carted signed a law that turned the maralago estate over to the administration because of High Maintenance costs. Perhaps it will serve as a president ial retreat when donated to the u. S. Government but she didnt foresee a president trump. Thanks for being part of my program this week. I will see you next week. Good morning, im brian stelter. This is reliable sources. Our weekly look at story behind the story. News, pop culture get me. We are in flint, michigan right now, a few blocks away from the site of tonights cnn democratic debate, live inside the hall at the light, focusing attention on the toxic water crisis in flint. Did the National Media miss a story until too late . Two local reporters tell me how they helped uncover the truth, later this hour. Also as the gop shatters, Peggy Noonans words, shatters Donald Trumps off the record meeting with the New York Times becoming a hot campaign issue. Who is right and who is