Sure they understand what his motivations were. Hope to talk to him today after he emerges from his surgeries. And they also want to try to track down his wife. We know she let the country, perhaps going back home to pakistan. They want to talk to officials there in pakistan and the United Arab Emirates where she may be right now to try to conduct an interview and understand what she may have known before this event. Carol. All right, so im just digesting this now. We know police found him, like, sleeping in a bar vestibule, then he got into this shootout with police and he had this notebook the whole time . Thats right, and the question is, you know, when did he write these notes. Did he think about this some time before he carried out these attacks . All of this is frankly at the top of the minds of the investigators who want to interview him, you know, when he emerges from his surgeries. All right, evan perez, thanks for the great reporting, we always appreciate it. We knowrahami, the suspect, went to pakistan several ties. His family members recall those trips. They were like, hes on vacation to afghanistan. Like, all right. His father wanted him to go back there and get to know his roots, you know, everything, normal things. Cnns Jessica Schneider live in elizabeth, new jersey, with more on this, good morning. Good morning, carol. We know rahami went overseed sever overseas several times between 2011 and 2014. They spent nearly a year in pakistan. At that tyime, spending time in the area of pakistan known as quetta, which is known as a taliban stronghold. We also know he ended up marrying a woman from pakistan in 2011 and at some point she came here to the United States. We also understood the wife left the United States in just the past few days. So rahami having quite a history of traveling to afghanistan where he was born and pakistan. Rahami is a u. S. Citizen, a naturalized u. S. Sit stcitizen,e lived in elizabeth. He had a somewhat normal childhood. He went to high school here. Also Community College where he majored in criminal justice. But right now rahami is facing at least on the state level five counts of attempted murder of Law Enforcement officers and we understand he is not right now talking to investigators, not talking to federal agents. Theyre looking to glean more information as to what sort of ties rahami had overseas, whether or not he was tied to a foreign terrorist organization. So far, the taliban has disclaimed any connection with rahami but of course the investigation continues. Now, rahami did undergo surgery last night. We understand hes still in the hospital. All after that gunfight that happened in linden, new jersey, just one townway. In fact, this morning, i talked to the bar owner, who actually spotted rahami sleeping in the vestibule in the entrance to his bar. Thats when he thought something wasnt quite right. He recognized rahami and he called police. That bartender actually came here from india 22 years ago. He became a citizen ten years ago. And i asked him what it was like to be an immigrant and to be in this situation where, now, many people may be questioning whether immigrants should be even coming to this country and he said exactly this. These guys, you know, its hard to reason im from sikh faith, you know, we believe in equality, we believe in helping people out, and i think every american will do the same thing i did as my neighbor would do the same thing, any jew, christian, muslim. We cannot, like, suspect anybody just with their looks or their faith, you know. And one other note in just the past few minutes, the man we believe to be rahamis father cape out of the residence in elizabeth, new jersey, he came out and somewhat addressed the media but all he said was i called the fbi and i told him he was talking to him. Thats all he said. He didnt elaborate. He turned around and walked back inside the residence. We arent sure if rahamis father may have reaped o edreac the fbi. So a lot of question out here. His father did just come out and address the media very, very briefly. Carol. All right, Jessica Schneider, reporting live from elizabeth, new jersey. Joining me now to discuss, cnn Intelligence Security analyst bob baer. Also joined by cnn terrorism analyst paul cruickshank. Welcome to both of you. Paul, lets start with the latest information we got this notebook that was found on the suspect. And it mentioned this islamic cleric al awlaki, say it for me. Anwar al awlaki. Yes, so tell us why it matters. Al awlaki is a pivotal figure, an americanyemeni who played a significant role in al qaeda in yemen. His adviso sermons, online sermons, helped inspire a wave of attacks on both sides of the atlantic, somebody with a degree of theological knowledge, and he mobilized that to send out a message that the United States was at war with islam and that muslims around the world needed to fight back by any means possible, deeply deeply influential. Lots of cases in which terrorist followers in the United States and europe listened to his sermons and then moved on and but this cleric has been dead for years. No, he was killed almost exactly five years ago. A lot of his followers have been wanting to avenge this. Weve seen on both sides of the atlantic where theres been a motivation to try and avenge his death. He was killed five years ago in just a few days in fact, on september 30, 2011, so were coming up to that fiveyear anniversary. That may be a significant data point here. But this points to somebody who was, indeed, likely motivated by extreme islamist ideology, by an al qaeda cleric. This al qaeda cleric, Anwar Al Awlaki has also since his death been embraced by isis. Theres even an anwa al awlaki brigade in isis in iraq. Interesting. He says the taliban said we had nothing to do with it, which was sort of surprising to me, they disavow it. But now we know why. What do you make of all of this . Well, the taliban is not an International Terrorist organization. It doesnt conduct operations abroad. But for me, the fact theres a couple things. One is the pressure cookers, used a pair of them. Its tactics hes imitating either taking from al qaeda or the islamic state, doesnt really matter. Anyhow, his presence in quetta is a city, its a forbidden city. Westerners cant go there. The pakistani government deters people from going there at the airport in islamabad. And the fact that he spent a lot of time in kandahar. The motivations are starting to come together for me. We are in a civil war in afghanistan. Its comprehensible what he thought he was doing. And, in fact, al awlaki, an inspiration, much more than osama bin laden, hes repeated over and over again. And i wonder about al awlakis threat connections with the 9 11 attacks. So were starting to get a clear picture this man was very angry and thought he was fighting against the enemies of islam and its as simple as that. So what happened . This guy essentially grew up in the United States, a naturalized american citizen. He goes to afghanistan to visit family and friends for whatever. He meets the wrong kind of what happens . Like . We dont know what happened. It may be he met some people in places he visited in pakistan and afghanistan who brainwashed him to a certain degree and used this radical ideology. He certainly would have had plenty of opportunity to be exposed to that kind of thinking in those regions. Also possible that there was some triggering things here in the United States which pushed him further towards confrontation with the United States well, then he meets a woman in pakistan, right . He marries her and that kind of reminds me of the San Bernardino shooter, he also met a woman in pakistan, married her. It turned out she, you know, took part in the massacre there. So is this like, you know, just something in the logical line that happens when youre radicalized . Well, weve yet to hear from investigators whether they suspect she had any knowledge of this attack. Theyve not said that at this point. Theyve not said that but she did leave the country a few days before the bombing and they want to question her. Thats right, so is that a coincidence, theyll certainly want to question her. This reminds me of the case in new york city, somebody who lived in the United States, well integrated over here, but spent time in pakistan. He was actually directed and trained by the pakistani taliban. They taught him how to build those explosives. He wasnt on the radar screen either of u. S. Law enforcement agencies when he came back here to the United States. And just like this bomber acted alone in actually going operational with this plot, a lot of similarities with this one. But theyre still trying to figure out all this international travel. The bombs, the pressure cookers, were talking about a bomb mixture with aluminum powder, ammonium nitrate. And its something that is pretty tricky to make unless up got some overseas training. Weve seen a few exceptions to that in islamic terrorists cases on both sides of the atlantic but not many exceptions and that could be a pointer to some kind of training overseas. You need to be taught generally how to make these things, to tinker with them, to experiment, to make sure youve got it right. So this suspect, this rahami, bob, he had family in afghanistan, so was there any reason for authorities here to suspect why he visited that country or suspect why in the world he would go to pakistan . I would have stopped him, giving him a secondary, carol. No doubt about it. In fact, going to quetta is a red frlag for me, you know, and kandahar as well. At the border, we dont really recognize these local conflicts. Were looking for other indicators like net activity, what site hes looking at. Apparently, i know of nothing coming out saying he was on net looking at how to make bombs. Paul is absolutely right, he probably went to that area, whether he was sponsored or not, learned how to make bombs. Think of tamir lynn tsarnaev. That bomb was fairly complicated as well. The wiring in the bomb was inspired by a magazine. He had knowledge of explosives and didnt get it in the United States. Were seeing this pattern of going back to pakistan, going to the kak cause sass where people become determined in their war against the United States and it doesnt the selfrecruitment doesnt entirely happen here and they get some aid overseas, whether its directed or not. You can see the president and the first lady now arriving at the United Nations, president obama set to address the United NationsGeneral Assembly for the very last time in his presidency. Michelle kosinski is covering this. Reporter hell probably speak for 30 minutes. Were going to hear him point to the bigger concept of the u. N. Itself, how working together solves problems. We feel like thats going to be his theme here. He wants to review his record, his push, his approach for deeper cooperation, his push for diplomacy. He also cant ignore the huge problems in the world now where diplomacy, however many efforts have been made, simply hasnt worked. Syria is the glaring example. Also look at north korea, russia having taken over part of its neighbor, and these are problems the world has been dealing with for years now. Its been a difficult way to get diplomacy to work. Think the president will try to make the case that doesnt mean that the world should give up trying to Work Together to solve these problems peacefully. And thats a tough case to make right now, especially in an election season in the u. S. Where you have republicans really criticizing president s approach and saying efforts at diplomacy have not been enough and are not going to be enough. That includes the refugee crisis and that includes the threat of terrorism both at home and abroad. The proesident is up against a lot, the world is up against a lot of problems, but youre going to hear the president forcefully make that case. Thats what weve heard in the last two years too. Making the case for why diplomacy has worked in the past and why it would work again in the future, carol. 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Hes going to want to review how he feels American Leadership has shaped the u. N. Over the last eight years and also shaped solutions to problems. Hes of course going to want to emphasize the positive. Hes going to say look where we were eight years ago at the height of the economic crisis globally. Just coming after, you know around that same time a poor world response to ebola. Hes going to want to say look at how the u. S. leadership and his own leadership helped solve those problems. Hes going to want to say look at the paris climate agreement. Look at the iran nuclear teal. Look at other ways that u. S. Leadership has brought solutions by involving other nations and by using diplomacy and avoiding war. Thats not always the case. The the war against isis is ongoing. Its not just the u. S. , it is an international coalition. Reviewing that, he wants to then look forward and say look at the inspiration we can draw from timings when that approach has worked, even though there are big problems that, you know, where solutions are not working right now. These are still examples that could be a template and a reason to move forward in that way, carol. All right, michelle kosinski, stand by. Want to turn my attention now to jeff zeleny. So president obama will speak before the General Assembly and hell outline all his successes on the International Front so how important will this speech, to you think, play into Hillary Clintons run for president . Think it is important. As michelle was going through the list of accomplishments, im struck by i think back to 2009, you know, nobel peace prize. Help sta he started his presidency with that. I remember traveling with him to oslo. Everyone was astonished he got that. Both candidates are focused on what is coming up. Both Hillary Clinton and donald trump also taking advantage of these u. N. Meetings to look president i president ial, if you will. Last night, Hillary Clinton for more than three hours met with the Prime Minister of japan, the president of ukraine and also the president of egypt. Making the point that she is, a, ready for these meetings, but with the ukraine president , shes trying to draw distinction with Vladimir Putin and trump. She said there are real problems with russian aggression. Donald trump, after he came back from florida last night, he also met with the egyptian president who is dealing with an activist situation of his own in egypt. Waiting to look president ial. All eyes on president obama were there photo ops . Being they let the photographers in. Donald trump doesnt always let the press come in. But he did last night in that meeting with the egyptian president. And Hillary Clinton did as well with her three bilat meetings as well. So michelle, can you tell us anything about those meetings with the candidates and the egyptian president and the ukrainian president , the japanese Prime Minister . Yes, i mean, we saw some readouts of those, talking about the problems that exist. Those parts of the world. And the difficulties in the relationship. Hillary clinton wants to show she has deep and longstanding ties with these countries, that shes done the work and she can easily call these meetings. Donald trump wants to show he can too. He didnt have the same number of bilateral meetings Hillary Clinton had. He wants to show he too can make that happen. And hes going to be a player on the world stage. It was interesting, when we heard of the announcement of these meetings, how its dueling bilateral meetings. Theres that kind of air of president ial authority when you call a meeting with a leader of another country. Especially in this venue. And, you know, we havent heard the white house weigh in on the candidates meetings. But we may later on today. Theres a briefing tonight with the white house, carol. All right, im sure youll be covering it. Well be back with much more. And hopefully president obama will begin his speech before the General Assembly. Hahaha umhmmm hey nikki what are you doing here . You tell me, stephen. What . Im snapping. Youve been streaming my videos all morning. Now youre with this thing . No its not you its verizon they limit my data. I had to choose. Come on, girl. Lets get us a man with unlimited data. Why pay verizon more for data limits . Introducing tmobile one. One price. Unlimited data for everyone. But i keep it growing by making every dollar count. Thats why i have the spark cash card from capital one. With it, i earn unlimited 2 cash back on all of my purchasing. And that unlimited 2 cash back from spark means thousands of dollars each year going back into my business. 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Sage. Donald trump is a phony, a fraud. Hes not a serious adult. I cant vote for donald trump given the things that he said. Trump should not be supported. I believe hes disqualified himself to be president. I just cannot support donald trump. The possibility of a flare was almost always on my mind. Thinking about what to avoid, where to go. And how to deal with my uc. To me, that was normal. Until i talked to my doctor. She told me that humira helps people like me get uc under control and keep it under control when certain medications havent worked well enough. Humira can lower your ability to fight infections, including tuberculosis. Serious, sometimes fatal infections and cancers, including lymphoma, have happened; as have blood, liver, and nervous system problems, serious allergic reactions, and new or worsening heart failure. Before treatment, get tested for tb. Tell your doctor if youve been to areas where certain fungal infections are common, and if youve had tb, hepatitis b, are prone to infections, or have flulike symptoms or sores. Dont start humira if you have an infection. Raise your expectations. Ask your gastroenterologist about humira. With humira, control is possible. All right, were still waiting for president obama to make his remarks before the United NationsGeneral Assembly. I ill bring you back when he does begin speaking. Right now, new details on how officials tracked down the alleged new york bomber rahami. Before the standoff, there were inadvertent heroes. Like jane, who found this second device, the pressure cooker, the one that did not explode in chelsea. She noticed it, she called police. The pressure bomb in front of there, it looked peculiar, but i thought theres a lot of strange things on street. It looked sort of like a science project that someone had dumped on the sidewalk. And i went to 23rd street, i was i heard there was a bomb, so i was going to see what happened. I couldnt get close. I didnt really know what had happened. I was coming home. And i wanted to take another look at that object because it had been lingering in the back of my mind. All right, lets go to president obama. Ladies and gentlemen, as i address this hall as president for the final time. From the depths of the greatest financial crisis of our typime,e coordinated our response to avoid further catastrophe and return the Global Economy to growth. Weve taken away terrorist safe havens. Strengthened the nonproliferation regime. Resolved the Iranian Nuclear issue through diplomacy. We opened relations with cuba, helped colombia end latin americas longest war, and we welcomed a democratically elected leader of myanmar to this assembly. Our assistance is helping people feed themselves, care for the sick, power communities across africa and promote models of Development Rather than dependence. And we have made International Institutions like the world bank and the International Monetary fund more representative while establishing a framework to protect our planet from the ravages of climate change. This is important work. It has made a real difference in the lives of our people. And it could not have happened had we not worked together. And yet around the globe we are seeing the same forces of global integration that have made us interdependent. Also exposed deep fault lines in the existing International Order. We see it in the headlines either day. Around the world refugees flow across borders in flight from brutal conflict. Financial disruptions continue to weigh upon our workers and entire communities. Across vast swaths of the middle east, basic security, basic order, has broken down. We see too many governments muzzling journal its sists and quashing dissent and stopping the flow information. Terrorist networks use social media to prey upon the minds of our youth endangering open societies and spurring anger against innocent immigrants and muslims. Powerful nations contest the constraints placed on them by International Law. This is the paradox that defines our world today. A quarter century after the end of the cold war, the world is byp measures less violent and more prosperous than ever before. And yet our societies are filled with uncertainty and unease and strife. Despite enormous progress as People Lose Trust in institutions, governing becomes more difficult and tensions between nations become more quick to surface. And so i believe that at this moment we all face a choice. We can choose to press forward with a better model of cooperation and integration or we can retreat into a world sharply divided and ultimately in conflict along ageold lines of nation and tribe and race and religion. I want to suggest to you today that we must go forward and not back. I believe that as inperfect as they are, the principles of open markets and accountable governance, of democracy and human rights and International Law that we have forged remain the foundation for Human Progress in this century. I make this argument not based on theory or ideology but on facts. Facts that all too often we forget in the immediacy of current events. Heres the most important thing. The integration of our Global Economy has made life better for billions of men, women and children. Over the last 25 years, the number of People Living in extreme poverty has been cut from nearly 40 of humanity to under 10 . Thats unprecedented. Its not an obstruction. It means children have enough to eat. Mothers dont buy in childbirth. Meanwhile, cracking the genetic code promises to cure diseases that have plagued us for centuries. The internet can deliver the entirety of Human Knowledge to a young girl in a remote village on a single hand held device. And medicine and manufacturing and education and communications. Were experiencing a transformation on how human beings live on a scale that recalls the evolutions of kaegal and industry. A person born today is more likely to live healthy, live longer and have access to more opportunity than any time in human history. Moreover, the collapse of colonialism and communism has more people than ever before to live with the freedom to choose their leaders. Despite the real and troubling areas where freedom appears in retreat, the fact remains the number of democracies around the world has nearly doubled in the last 25 years. In remote corners of the world, citizens are demanding respect for the dignity of all people, no matter their gender or race or religion or disability. Or sexual orientation. And those who deny others dignity are subject to public reproach. An explosion of social media has given ordinary people more ways to express themselves and has raised peoples expectations for those of us in power. Indeed, our International Order has been so successful that we take it as a given, that great powers no longer fight world wars. That the end of the cold war lifted the shadow of nuclear m armagedd armageddon. That the battlefields of europe have been replaced by a peaceful union. That china and india remain on a path of remarkable growth. I say all this not to whitewash the challenges we face or to suggest complacency. Rather, i believe we need to acknowledge these achievements in order to summon the confidence to carry this progress forward. And to make sure we do not abandon those very things that have delivered this progress. In order to move forward though, we do have to acknowledge that the existing path to global interrogation requires a course correction. Too often those trumpeting the benefits of globalization have ignored equality within and among nations, have ignored the enduring appeal of ethnic and sectarian identities. Have left International Institutions ill equipped, underfunded in order to handle transnational challenges. And as these real problems have been neglected, alternative visions of the world have pressed forward. Both in the wealthiest countries and in the poorest. Religious fundamentalism. The politics of ethnicity or tribe or sect. Aggressive nationalism. A crude populism. Sometimes from the far left but more often from the far right which ek sos to restore what they believe is a better simpler age free of outside contamination. We cannot dismiss these visions. Theyre powerful. They reflect dissatisfaction among too many of our citizens. I do not believe those visions can deliver security or press spir prosperity over the long term but i do believe these visions fail to recognize at a very basic level our common humanity. Moreover, i believe the acceleration of telecommunications, together with a Global Economy that depends on Global Supply chais. S today, a nation ringed by walls would only imprison itself. So the answer cannot be a simple rejection of global integration. We must Work Together to make sure the benefits of such integration are broadly shared and that the disruptions, economic, political and cultural, that are caused by integration, are squarely addressed. This is not the place for a detailed policy blueprint, but let me offer in Broad Strokes those areas where i believe we must do better together. It should work for all people and not just those at the top. Open markets, capitalism, has raised Living Standards across the globe, globalization combined with rapid progress has weakened the position of workers and their ability to secure a decent wage. In advanced economies like my own, unions have been undermined and many manufacturing jobs have disappeared. Off be those who benefit most from globalization have used their political power to further undermine the position of workers. In developing countries, labor organizations have been suppr s suppresssuppres suppressed and the growth of the middle class have been held back by corruption or underinvestment. Policies by governments threaten to undermine the consensus that underpins global trade. Mean why, global capitalists too often unaccountable. Nearly 8 trillion stashed away in tax havens. The shadow Banking System that grows beyond the reach of the effective oversight. A world in which 1 of humanity controls as much wealth as the other 99 will never be stable. I understand that the gaps between rich and poor are not new. Tech knoll jill now allows any person with a smart phone to see how the most privileged among us live and the contrast between their own lives and others. Expectations rise faster than governments can deliver. A pervasive sense of injustice undermine peoples faith in the system. So how do we fix this imbalance . We cannot unwind integration anymore than we can stuff technology back into a box. Nor can we look to failed models of the past. If we start resorting to trade wars, market distorti ining su y subsidies, overreliance on National Resources instead of innovation, these approaches will make us poor collectively and theyre more likely to lead to conflict. And the start contrast between, say, the success of the republic of korea and the wasteland of north korea shows that central plan to control the economy is a dead end. But i to believe theres another path. One that fuels path and innovation and offers the clearest route to individual opportunity and national success. It does not require succumbing to a soulless capitalism that benefits only the few. But rather recognizes that economies are more successful when we close the gap between rip a rich and poor and growth is broadly based and that means respecting the rights of workers so they can organize into independent unions and earn a living wage. It means investing in our people, their skills, their education, their capacity to take an idea and turn it into a business. It means strengthening the seat net that protects our people from hardship and allows them to take more risks, to look for a new job or start a new venture. These are the policies ive pursued here in the United States and with clear results. American businesses have created now 15 million new jobs. After the recession, the top 1 of americans were capturing more than 90 of income growth. But today thats down to about half. Last year, poverty in this country fell at the fastest rate in nearly 50 years. And with further investment in infrastructure and Early Childhood education and basic research, im confident such progress will continue. So just as i pursued these measures at home, so has the United States worked with many nations to curb the excesses of capitalism. Not to punish wealth but to prevent repeated crises that can destroy it. Thats why weve worked with other nations to create higher and clearer standards for banking and taxation. Because a society that asks less of oligarchs than ordinary citizens. Thats why we push for tracking illicit dollars, because markets create more jobs when theyre fueled by hard work and not the capacity to extort a bribe. Thats why weve worked to reach trade agreements that raise standards as weve done with the transpacific partnership. So the benefits are more broadly shared. And just as we benefit by combating inequality with other countries, i believe advanced economies still need to do more to close the gap between rich and poor nations around the globe. This is difficult politically. Its difficult to spend on foreign assistance. But i do not believe this is charity. For the small fraction of what we spent at war in iraq, we could support institutions so fragile states dont collapse in the first place and invest in emerging economies that become markets for our goods. Its not just the right thing to do, its the smart thing to do. And thats why we need to follow through on our efforts to combat climate change. If we dont act boldly, the bill that could come due will be mass migrations and cities submerged and nations displaced and Food Supplies decimated and conflicted born of despair. The Paris Agreement gives us a framework to act. There must be a sense of urgency about bringing the agreement into force and helping poorer countries leapfrog destructive forms of energy. So for the wealthiest countries, a green market fund should only be the beginning. We need to make these technologies affordable for poorer countries. Only then can we continue lifting all people up from poverty without condemning our children to a planet beyond their capacity to repair. So we need new models for the global marketplace. That are sustainable. In the same way, we need models of governance that are inclusive and accountable to ordinary people. I recognize not every country in this hall is going to follow the same model of governance. I do not think america can or should impose our system of government on other countries. But there appears to be a contest between author terrorism now. I want everybody to understand i believe in a liberal political order. An order built not just on elections and Representative Government but also respect for human rights and Civil Society and independent judiciaries and the rule of law. I know some countries which recognize the power free markets still reject the model of free societies. Perhaps those of us who have been promoting democracy feel somewhat discouraged since the end of the cold war. Because weve learned liberal democracy will not just wash across the globe in a single wave. Turned out building accountable institutions is hard work. The work of generations. The gains are often fragile. Sometimes we take one step forward and then two steps back. In countries held together by borders drawn by colonial powers with ethnic enclaves and tribal divisi divisions. Politicians and elections can sometimes appear to be a zero sum game. So given the difficulty in forging true democracy in the face of these pressures, its no surprise that some argue the future favors the strong man. A topdown model. Rather than strong democratic institutions. But i believe this thinking is wrong. I believe the road of true democracy remains the better path. I believe that in the 21st century, economies can only grow to a certain point until they need to open up because entrepreneurs need to access information in order to invent. Young people need a Global Education in order to thrive. Independent media needs to check the abuses of power. Without this evolution, ultimately expectations of people will not be met. Suppression and stagnation will set in. And history shows that strong men are then left with two paths. Permanent crackdown, which sparks strife at home, or scapegoating enemies abroad, which can lead to war. Now, i will admit my belief that government serve the individual and not the other way around is shaped by americas story. Our nation began with a promise of freedom that applied only to the few but because of our democratic constitution, because of our bill of rights, because of our ideals, ordinary people were able to organize and march and protest and ultimately those ideals won out. Open doors for women and minorities and workers in ways that made our economy more productive and turned our diversity into a strength. That gave innovators the chance to transform every area of human endeavor. And made it possible for someone like me to be elected president of the United States. So yes, my views are shaped by the specific experiences of america. I do not think this story is unique to america. Look at the transformation thats taken place in countries as different as japan and chile, indonesia, botswana. The countries that have succeeded are ones in which people feel they have a stake. In europe, the progress of those countries in the former soviet bloc that embrace democracies stand in clear contrast to those who did not. The people of ukraine did not take to the streets because of some plot imposed from abroad. They took to the streets because their leadership was for sale and they had no recourse. They demanded change because they saw life get better for people in the baltics and in poland. Societies that were more liberal and democratic and open than their own. So those of us who believe in democracy, we need to speak out forcefully. Because both the facts and history i believe are on our side. That doesnt mean democracies are without flaws. It does mean that the cure for what ails our democracies is greater engagement by our citizens, not less. In america, there is too many money in politics, too much entrenched partisanship, too little participation by citizens, in part because of a patchwork of laws that makes it harder to vote. In europe, a well intentioned brussels often became too isolated from the normal push and pull of national politics. Too often in capitals, decisionmakers have forgotten that democracy needs to be driven by Civic Engagement from the bottom up, not governance by experts from the top down. And so these are real problems. As leaders of democratic governments make the case for democracy abroad, we better strive harder to set a better example at home. Moreover, either country will organize its government informed by centuries of history and the circumstances of geography and the deeply held beliefs of its people. I recognize a Traditional Society may value unity and cohesion more than a diverse country like my own which was founded upon, at the time, was a radical idea, the idea of libberty of individual human beings endowed with certain godgiven rights. But that does not mean ordinary people in asia or africa or the middle east somehow prefer arbitrary rule that denies them a voice in the decisions that can shape their lives. I believe that spirit is universal. And if any of you doubt the universality of that desire, listen to the voices of young people everywhere who call out for freedom and dignity and the opportunity to control their own lives. This leads me to the third thing we need to do. We must reject any forms of fundamentalism or racism. Or belief in ethnic superiority that makes our traditional identities irreconcilable. Instead, we need to embrace the tolerance that results from respect of all human beings. Thats a truism that global integration has led to a clash of cultures. Trade, migration, the internet, all these things can challenge and unsettle our most cherished identities. We see liberal societies express opposition when women choose to cover themselves. We see protests responding to western newspaper cartoons. In a world that left the age of empire behind, we see russia attempting to recover lost glory through force. Asian powers debate competing claims of history. And in europe and the United States, you see people wrestle with concerns about immigration and changing demographics and suggesting that somehow people who look different are corrupting the character of our countries. Theres no easy answer for resolving all these social forces. And we must respect the meaning that people draw from their own traditions, from their religion, from their ethnicity, from their sense of nationhood. But i do not believe progress is possible if our desire to preserve our identities gives way to an impulse to dehumanize another group. If our religion lead us to persecute those of another faith. If we jail or beat people who are gay. If our traditions lead us to prevent girls from going to school. If we discriminate on the basis of race or tribe or ethnicity, then the fragile bonds of civilization will fray. The world is too small. We are too packed together. For us to be able to resort to those old ways of thinking. We see this mindset in too many parts of the middle east. There, so much of the collapse in order has been fueled because leaders sought legitimacy not because of policies or programs but by resorting to persecuting political opposition or demonizing political sects. By narrowing the publics face to the mosque where in too many places proversions of a great faith were tolerated. These forces built up for years. And are now at work helping to fuel both syrias tragic civil war and the mindless menace of isil. The mindset of sec terrorism and extremism and bloodletting and retribution that has been taking place will not be quickly reversed. If were honest, we understand no external power is going to be able to force different communities to coexist for long. But i do believe we have to be honest about the nature of these conflicts. Our International Community must continue to work with those who seek to build rather than to destroy. And theres a military component to that. It means being united and relentless in destroying Networks Like isil which show no respect for human life. It also means in a place like syria where theres no ultimate military victory to be won, were going to have to pursue the hard work of the diplomacy that aims to stop the violence and deliver aid to those in need and support those who pursue a political settlement and can see those who are not like themselves as worthy of dignity and respect. Across the regions conflicts, we have to insist all parties recognize a common humanity and that nations end proxy wars that fuel disorder. Beca