>> we have a good many talented scientists but we didn't make an effort for many years and we're behind and paying the price of having the soviet union exploit the propaganda advantage of sputnik. >> i have marvin cal. cbs news correspondent in moscow. marvin, is there any doubt this happened, the russians put a man in space? >> i'm almost certain the russians did fire a man into the united states. he's 27. it's a great historic scientific feat. >> at that time, we didn't know whether a human could survive in space and here, boom, the soviets send this guy into space and he survived. >> he was something that affected american prowess.