not seen tacngible signs just yt that the russians are in the process of de-escalation. that remains an option for president putin. we laid out some ideas in the written response that we provided to the russian federation yesterday. ideas that we think would be effective, would be constructive, and would address our mutual concerns as well, of course, the concerns of our allies and partners in europe. >> given that you therefore have not seen evidence of de-escalation, is the u.s., are nato allies prepared to act now, that is before a russian invasion, either in terms of troop movements, or economic penalties for russia? >> we are acting now. we have been acting for weeks now, jim. let me talk about some of what we have done. we have talked about the dialogue and the diplomacy side of the ledger, but there is also another side of the ledger, defense and deterrence. and we have been moving aggressively, we have been moving constantly in that direction for weeks now. we have provided more than 650 million dollars over the last